Power generation using neodymium magnets in Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

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Project II presentation on Power Generation using Neodymium Magnet in Vertical Axis Wind Turbine By Sumit Bhattacharya ME 851 Sharvil Dalvi ME 815 Vivek Padayattil ME 838 Abhas Raj ME 862 (B.E.Mech) Guided By Prof. G.V.Patil Department Of Mechanical Engineering April 26, 2016

Transcript of Power generation using neodymium magnets in Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

Page 1: Power generation using neodymium magnets in Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

Project II presentationon

Power Generation using Neodymium Magnet in Vertical Axis Wind TurbineBy

Sumit Bhattacharya ME 851Sharvil Dalvi ME 815

Vivek Padayattil ME 838 Abhas Raj ME 862

(B.E.Mech)

Guided ByProf. G.V.Patil

Department Of Mechanical EngineeringApril 26, 2016

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Introduction• Wind Turbines harness wind energy

and generates electricity

• Many different configurations of wind machines, most of them can be categorized into two classes

• VAWT has main rotor shaft set perpendicular to the wind with Higher efficiency, low manufacturing cost, structural stability, simplicity, omni-directionality

Fig.1 Types of Wind turbines [1]

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• Neodymium Magnets: permanent magnet made from an alloy of neodymium, iron and boron.

Using Neodymium along with VAWT:

• Power generation lies under the magnetic effect

• It does not require continuous electric supply• Integration of VAWT along with neodymium

magnets (permanent magnets) for power generation

Fig-2 Neodymium Magnet

Fig-3 Magnets in Stator

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Literature Review

• With ever increasing demands there would be a great challenge in fulfilling the demands

• Figure 4 shows the output from the various sources.

• Figure 5 shows electricity demands of different countries.

Fig-4 Outputs

Fig-5

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• Energy demands of the modern society and increasing pollution has resulted in more investment in renewable energies

• By end of 2009, the capacity of wind energy power plants has reached 158 giga watts worldwide

Fig 6 - Annual Capital investment in renewable energies from 2004 to 2009.

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• Development of practical permanent magnet synchronous AC electric motor technology allows lower speed and higher torque output compared to a conventional AC induction motor

• Using this technology, the number of mechanical drive components required in a number of machine applications can be reduced

Fig 8-Axial flux permanent magnet machine with air gap windings

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Problem Definition• Fabrication and Testing of Vertical axis Wind turbine setup using Neodymium

Magnets

Initiates the Rotor which consists of

NEODYMIUM as the

permanent Magnet

Power generation

with the help of the rotor

assembly

Work Flow Diagram

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ObjectivesThe objectives of our Experimental Setup are as follows:• Design calculations of rotor axle, bearings and stator coil• CAD design of various components of VAWT, like Hub, Axle, Blade

Supports and Spoke Flange• Analysis of Hub in NX-NASTRAN 9.0• Fabrication of individual components of the setup• Assembly of VAWT• Testing of Experimental Setup• Results

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Methodology

Methodology

Design Calculations

StatorBearingRotor axle

CAD Design

Hub Spoke flange

Axle Blade Support

Analysis

Experimental Setup

Fabrication

Assembly

Results

HubBlade

Support Magnetic Disc

Stator Axle

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Design Calculations of Rotor axleTotal weight(W)= 21 kg

Torque(T)= 245.25 Nm

Power(P)= 71.9 W

Compressive stress= 0.25*106 N/m2

Shear stress= 1.16*106 N/m2

SR Wind Speed (m/s) Speed (RPM)

1 2 8

2 5 14

3 7 25

4 10 34

5 15 49

6 20 70

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Design of Bearing

• Radial load (Fr)= 245.5 N

• Dia of shaft (d)= 35mm

• Bearing selected= SKF NU 2307

• Life of bearing is calculated

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CAD Design

Parts designed:• Hub

• Spoke flange

• Axle

• Blade support

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Neodymium Magnets(Nd2Fe14B)

• Rare earth permanent magnet

• Alloy of neodymium (Nd), iron (Fe) and boron (B).

• Dimension of Magnet: 40*25*10 mm

• Produced by-1. Sintering magnets2. Magnetic bonding

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Analysis• Element type: Tetra 4• Material: CI (FG 240)• Yield stress: 260 N/mm2

• Boundary conditions: Bottom region is fixed and a torque of 10 Nm is applied.

• Observed stress: 13 N/mm2

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Stator coil specifications

• Coil wire material – copper (Cu)• Diameter of wire – 2mm i.e. ( 14 gauges)• Total coils wound – 9 i.e. (3 coils per phase)• Coil connection – 3 phase star connection

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Fabrication of stator coil

The steps are as follows :-• The wire is wound on the spool by

using a lathe machine.• The wires are firmly secured with

insulation material all over the coils.• All 9 coils are wound and arranged on

the stator disc mould.• The coils are connected in 3 phase star

connection.• Insulation (resin) is poured to make the

assembly waterproof and sturdy.

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Fabrication of magnetic discThe steps are as follows :-• Position of magnets are marked on the

disc• Determine the poles of each magnet• Mark the point where the first magnet

is placed• Place the magnets on the disc with

alternate poles facing upwards• Secure the poles in place with an

adhesive (araldite)

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Experimental setup of VAWT

• The two bearings were fitted on the hub along with circlip.• Drills were made on the hub as well as on the blade support to properly

attach them using nuts and bolts.• The stator along with the magnetic discs are attached to the support

using the tie rods.• The hub is first inserted through the axle and is properly fix.

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Diagram of Experimental setup of VAWT

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Working

•  The stator is subjected to a rotating magnetic field of the PM discs.

• This induces a voltage difference between the windings of the stator. This produces the alternating current (AC) at the output.

• This current at the three phase windings which is then recorded with the help of a multimeter.

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Result

Analytical voltage was calculated using Erms equation.

The Experimental Results:• For speed = 30 RPM, percentage error is 95.07%.

• For speed = 40 RPM, percentage error is 88.38%.

• For speed = 50 RPM, percentage error is 87.36%. 

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Discussions

The probable reasons for the deviation and errors are as follows

• Loose connections• Thickness of resin• Wire gauge thickness• Uneven surface• Uneven air gap

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Conclusion• Experimental setup was designed, analysed, fabricated, assembled and

successfully tested.

• Problems occurring can be eradicated by1. Proper connections in the stator.2. Reducing weight of the setup.3. Proper amount of resin used in the stator.4. Proper gauge selection of copper wire.

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Future Scope• VAWT is well suited for green buildings.

• Can be used in place of Horizontal axis wind turbine.

• Can be used in rural areas to produce electricity.

• It can also be used in areas where wind speed is as low as 4 mph

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References[1] Dr. Adapa Rama Rao, K Gopi Nata, K Pradeep, G Pradeep Kumar, M S Sanketh, “Magnetically Levitated Vertical Axis Wind Turbine”.[2] Anton Aleksashkin Aki Mikkola, 2008 “Literature Review On Permanaent Magnet Generators Design And Dynamic”, ISBN 978-952-214-708-0 ISBN 978-952-214-709-7 (PDF) ISSN 1459-2932[3] Mark Paluta, Dan Reitz, Ryan Snelling, Joe Gadient, 2013 “Design and Fabrication of a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine”[4] Mayank Grover, B. Lohith Kumar, Isaac Ramalla, December 2014 “The Free Energy Generator” ISSN 2250-3153[5] Johnson, Howard R: US patent # 4,151,431(April 24, 1979), “Permanent Magnet Motor”[6] RAMU KRISHNAN, “PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS AND BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR DRIVES”[7] NIMA MADANI, 2011, “DESIGN OF A PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR FOR A VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE” XR-EE-EME 2011:013[8] S. J. Chapman, “Appendix B-Coil Pitch and Distributed Windings,” in [9] Electric Machinery Fundamentals, Fourth Edition, USA: McGraw-Hill, 2004.

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Websites sited date (10/08/2015)

[1] http://www.freemagneticenergy.info/[2] http://www.ndfeb-info.com/[3]http://blog.hasslberger.com/2013/11/german_inventor_solves_permane-print.html