Challenges in supercritical CO2 power cycle technology and ...
POWER GENERATION FROM COAL USING SUPERCRITICAL CO2
Transcript of POWER GENERATION FROM COAL USING SUPERCRITICAL CO2
POWER GENERATION FROM COAL USING
SUPERCRITICAL CO2
D R Q I A N Z H U
6 7 T H I E A C L E A N C O A L C E N T R E E X E C U T I V E C O M M I T T E E M E E T I N G W I N D S O R , 1 8 - 1 9 O C T O B E R 2 0 1 7
BACKGROUND
• The 2016 IEA Outlook concluded that coal would remain the second-largest energy source worldwide until 2030. World coal consumption is projected to increase by more than 20% by 2040
• Coal-fired power plants are a major source of CO2 emissions
• The Paris agreement aimed to cap global warming at well below 2oC (1.5oC if possible)
• CCS will have a major role to play in reducing CO2 emissions in order to meet the goal
• Advanced coal technologies are required to increase efficiencies, to reduce CO2 emissions from coal power plants and to facilitate CCS
• CO2 as a working fluid
• Non-explosive, non-flammable, non-toxic and readily available at low cost
• Reaches a supercritical state at moderate conditions — 7.4 MPa and 31°C
• Large fluid density (and low pressure ratio) keeps turbomachinery small
SCO 2 POWER CYCLE
INDIRECTLY-HEATED, CLOSED SCO 2 CYCLE
A recuperated, recompression closed sCO2 cycle
DIRECTLY-FIRED, SEMI-CLOSED OXY-COMBUSTION SCO 2 CYCLE
Nuclear Fossil fuel
Solar power Geothermal and waste heat Ship-board propulsion
MAIN BENEFITS AND APPLICATIONS
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Integrated System Test (IST) facility at Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory
10 MWe high-pressure, high-temperature turbine rotor design
— small scale testing sCO2 turbine design
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Materials testing
— compact heat exchangers and materials
Recuperator design
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
— Echogen heat engine EPS100• First commercial 8 MWe prototype heat engine
• Use recuperated closed sCO2 Brayton cycle
• Turns waste heat to electricity
• Lower costs
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
50 MWt Demo plant in La Porte, TX, USA• Natural gas fuelled, oxy-combustion with
combustion product CO2 ready for storage• Mirrors design of commercial plant to ensure
scalability• Includes all components of the Allam Cycle• Plant will undergo full performance evaluation
— Allam Cycle
A gas-fuelled 300 MWe commercial plant under development• Pre-FEED study completed on full-scale plant;
FEED and early development work has begun• Toshiba undertakes commercial turbine design
COAL-BASED ALLAM CYCLE POWER GENERATION
• Integrate core Allam Cycle with existing gasification systems
• Simple power cycle• Highly efficient and flexible, lower costs• Additional R&D needs include syngas
clean-up process, handling of corrosion from impurities, and syngas combustor for low-CV fuels
• The sCO2 cycles hold great potential for providing alternative power generation systems that can achieve higher plant efficiency and full carbon capture at lower costs
• Two pathways have been identified and investigated for power generation from fossil fuels using sCO2 cycles:
– indirectly-heated closed sCO2 cycle (coal based PC, CFB boiler/furnace)
– directly-fired semi-closed oxy-combustion sCO2 cycle (coal derived syngas and natural gas)
• Some outstanding technical issues need to be addressed
• Significant progress has been made recently in developing sCO2 cycle power systems. The sCO2 power cycles, could revolutionise the future power generation from coal in a carbon constrained world, provided solutions can be found to meet all the technical challenges in developing the cycles.
KEY MESSAGES
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