Overcoming poverty is not a gesture of charity.It is an act of justice. Nelson Mandela

Poverty is the mother of crime. Marcus Aurelius

The poor are poor because the rich are rich. Author Unknown

PovertyPoverty

Poverty!Poverty! What is that?What is that?

Poverty doesn't know your age, or the colour of your skin, hedoesn't even care about the poor state that you're in.

He doesn't want to know, if you're hungry, or you're cold, he justkeeps calm and quiet, while head bent you hold.

Many who have met him? are still with him today, not throughtheir own choices, but by him not giving way.

Desperately needing clothes or shoes, so into purse you peer, you'llhave to wait another week, or visit charities you fear.

He knows you've little money, and this he never defends, he knowsyou'll have to borrow, from loan sharks, or from friends.

He doesn't even blink an eye, when you're worse off than before, heswears, that it's your own fault, you must have known the score.

Write your own definition for what you think poverty means

First of all;First of all; A DefinitionA Definition

Try including some or all of these words;

needsneeds deprived deprived (deprivation)(deprivation) economic economic issueissue(s(s)) social humansocial human

Poverty is the lack of basic necessities that all human beings must have: food and water,

shelter, education, medical care, security, etc. A multi-dimensional issue, poverty exceeds all social, economic, and political boundaries.

First of all;First of all; The DefinitionThe Definition

Poverty is a Third World Poverty is a Third World ((LEDCLEDC) problem) problem

For 3 minutes only;

Discuss with the person sat next to you, or reflect individually upon, the statement

above

How many of you agree / disagree? Why?Share some of your ideas with the group.

To what extentTo what extentdoes poverty existdoes poverty exist

in Britain?in Britain?

TodayTodays Key Question;s Key Question;

To know & understand the distribution of poverty in Britain.

To be able to explain the causes and consequencesof poverty.

To be aware of the notions of underclass and poverty cycle.

To know the difference between relative, absoluteand extreme poverty.

Objectives for today;Objectives for today;

Extreme povertyExtreme povertyExtreme poverty is a global problem experienced mainly in the worlds least developed countries (LEDCs). The United Nations state that 35% of the worlds population live in extreme deprivation (poverty). This is when humans are not receiving thebasic necessities and so their lives are seriously at risk (i.e.through malnutrition, disease, dehydration, starvation). The continent of Africa (especially the central countries) experiences the greatest proportion of extreme poverty in 2008.

Does extreme poverty exist in Britain today?

The Three Forms of PovertyThe Three Forms of Poverty

Absolute povertyAbsolute povertyAbsolute poverty measures the total number of people living below a certain income threshold (poverty line) or the number of households unable to afford certain basic goods and services.

Relative povertyRelative povertyRelative poverty measures the extent to which a household's financial resources falls below an average income thresholdfor the economy. Although living standards and real incomes have grown because of higher employment and sustained economic growth over recent years, the gains in income and wealth have been unevenly distributed across the population.

Britain has become a more unequal society over the last 20-25 years. A report published in July 2001 found that inequality had continued to grow during the first four years of the Labour

Government.

In the UK bigger percentages have been poor(_______ PovertyPoverty), and poverty has been much

more severe (_______ Poverty_______ Poverty), in the past; but because of the larger population today, more

people now live in poverty (_______ Poverty_______ Poverty).

Copy out the paragraph below and fill the three gaps in the quote below with the correct form

of poverty

In the UK bigger percentages have been poor (Relative Relative PovertyPoverty), and poverty has been much more severe (Extreme Extreme PovertyPoverty), in the past; but because of the larger population today, more people now live in poverty (Absolute Absolute PovertyPoverty).

Relative poverty is calculated as 60% of median income after housing costs.

This is a measure of poverty used by most researchers, the EU and the UK government. In 2006, the 60% threshold was

worth:

108 per week for single adult with no dependent children; 186 per week for a couple with no dependent children;

223 per week for a single adult with two dependent children; 301 per week for a couple with two dependent children.

How is Relative poverty calculated?How is Relative poverty calculated?

Relative Poverty in the UK Relative Poverty in the UK compared to other compared to other MEDCsMEDCs

Although the UK experiences slightly less poverty than the USA, we have a significantly greater problem than any other major EU

economy

Poverty in the UKPoverty in the UK You need to get these facts into your notesYou need to get these facts into your notes

Nearly 13 million people live in poverty in the UK thats 1 in 5 !

3.9 million children in the UK are living in poverty The proportion of children living in poverty grew from 1 in 10 in 1979 to 1 in 3 in 1998. Today, 30% of children in Britain are living in poverty.

2.5 million pensioners in the UK are living in poverty. Poverty among pensioners rose this year for the first time since 1998. What do you

think are the main causes?

7.6 million working age adults in the UK are living in poverty.

70% of Bangladeshi children in the UK are poor. Reasons?

The FactsThe Facts You mustmust know these for your exam

Women are in the majority in the poorest groups.- Why is this? Any ideas?

London has a higher proportion of people living in poverty than any other region in the UK. Why? There is more than one answer

The UK has a higher proportion of its population living in relative poverty than most other EU countries: of the 27 EU countries, only 6 have a higher rate than the UK.

Children from poor homes are more likely to die as a baby or a child, and

have lower life expectancy overall. They also have a greater likelihood of bad health, a greater risk of unemployment, and a lower

chance of high educational achievement.

Does this sound like Social Exclusion (which you covered last lesson) ?

Epsom & Ewell

In less than 100 words - Describe the distribution of UK poverty.

What are the patterns? Give some examples. Where do the wealthy live? Where is Epsom & Ewell?

Use words including; Use words including; uneven, urban, rural, inner city, clustered, commuter belt

Poverty strips you of your dignity.

Poverty affects your self-esteem, your confidence You feel totally powerless.

Now you need to get your thinking hats on!

In pairs (or groups);

You need to think of the reasons why poverty can still be such a major issue in the UK in 2008

We are an MEDC, a key G8 member, a lead state of the EU.

We have a free NHS, were hosting the 2012 Olympics, mobile phone ownership is the highest in Europe.

We are Great Britain arent we???

WHY?WHY?Between you, fill in a spider diagram like the one

on the next page with the main causescauses

And yet 1 in 5 residents exist below the Poverty Line!And yet 1 in 5 residents exist below the Poverty Line!

CausesCausesof UKof UK

PovertyPovertyin 2008in 2008

? ?

? ?10mins

Can you get 8 causes? Two minds are stronger than one, so

get talking and thinking

How many did you get?

The next slides explain the key causes in some detail. You may want to add them to your spider

diagram.

1) Inequality in wages and earnings growth1) Inequality in wages and earnings growthWages and earnings in some jobs have grown much faster than others. Workers in

industries such as business services, the financial sector and ICT areenjoying fast growth, high profits and above-average increases in pay.

In contrast many public sector service jobs have seen a decline in relative pay levels. Real earnings growth is fastest for those workers with high-level skills whose jobs are in

demand. The situation is worse for workers in traditional manufacturing where employment has declined and real wages have fallen behind other jobs. The worst paid jobs are still found in low-skill service sector industries - often where there is little trade

union protection.

2) Fuel Price increases2) Fuel Price increasesHome heating, including hot water. Petrol / diesel for cars. Massively increased in recent

years due to global natural resource depletion.

UNDERLYING UNDERLYING CAUSESCAUSES OF OF POVERTY IN THE UKPOVERTY IN THE UK

3) Higher levels of Unemployment Unemployment is a key cause of poverty. Twice in the last twenty years we have seen

mass unemployment (recessions) in Britain and a large rise in relative poverty - the two trends are connected.

4) The Current Global Recession4) The Current Global RecessionThe recent global credit crunch has led to a worsening of UK unemployment

(particularly in areas of already low skills and high unemployment

5) Increase in Asylum Seeker immigrants into UK5) Increase in Asylum Seeker immigrants into UKDue predominantly to language barrier problems (English as a Second Language) many

new asylum seekers struggle to find employment and become impoverished

6) A high (growing) rate of Lone Parenthood6) A high (growing) rate of Lone ParenthoodChildren are increasingly expensive. Also due to the need to caChildren are increasingly expensive. Also due to the need to care for young children a re for young children a

single parent will struggle to find the necessary time to fulfilsingle parent will struggle to find the necessary time to fulfil a full time joba full time job

7) Falling relative incomes of those dependent on 7) Falling relative incomes of those dependent on State BenefitsState Benefits

State welfare benefits tend to rise in line with prices (index linked) rather than in line with the growth of earnings of those in work. Therefore, households

dependent on welfare assistance see their relative incomes fall over time. The problem of pensioner poverty is particularly acute for those totally dependent on

the basic state pension. Several pressure groups including Age Concern are lobbying for a restoration of

the link between average earnings of people in work and the basic state retirement pension. The Labour Government has not as yet acceded to their demands - the

financial cost of doing so is potentially huge.

8) 8) The growingThe growing unskilled unskilled underclassunderclassProducts of the social Poverty Cycle where aspirations are low within a

community, or family, and over-reliance on state benefits is commonplace. Poor educational standards in the area lead to poor qualifications which limit job

opportunities.

Take two minutes to carefully read and

understand the next slide

The Poverty Cycle (or Trap)The Poverty Cycle (or Trap)

The poverty trap affects people on low incomes. It creates a disincentive to look for work or work longer hours because of

the effects of the tax and benefits system. For example, a worker might be given the opportunity to earn an extra 50 a week by working ten additional hours. This boost to his/her gross income is reduced by an increase in income tax and

national insurance contributions. The individual may also lose some income-related state benefits. The combined effects of

this might be to take away over 70% of a rise in income, leaving little in the way of extra net or disposable income.Most UK residents caught in the trap are born into families

with low aspirations and live in regions of social & economic deprivation where there are few opportunities.

Got it?

Sure youve got it?

OK. In your own words, define Poverty Poverty

CycleCycle

Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of

him/(her)self and his/(her) family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary

social services... Everyone has the right to education.

Universal Declaration of Human RightsUniversal Declaration of Human Rights

WHAT CAN WE DO TO HELP WHAT CAN WE DO TO HELP THIS RULE HAPPEN?THIS RULE HAPPEN?

Any ideas or solutions???Any ideas or solutions???

Our historic aim will be for ours to be the Our historic aim will be for ours to be the first generation to end child poverty. It is first generation to end child poverty. It is a 20 year mission, but I believe it can be a 20 year mission, but I believe it can be

done.done.Tony Blair Tony Blair (As Prime Minister, March 1999)(As Prime Minister, March 1999)

Child poverty is a scar on BritainChild poverty is a scar on Britains souls soulGordon Brown Gordon Brown

(When Chancellor of the Exc(When Chancellor of the Exchequer, Autumn 1999)hequer, Autumn 1999)

What is the government doing about it?

Tony Blair set out his commitment to ending child poverty within a generation. Since 1999, when the current Government pledged to end child poverty, 600,000 children have been lifted out of poverty. The numbers of those living in poverty have started to decline over recent years. But there is still some way to go to

make a significant impact on the dramatic increase in poverty and inequality in the UK since the late 1970s.

As the Labour government has started to recognise, one of the crucial ingredients in tackling poverty is public support.

Recognition and understanding amongst the general public of the seriousness of the problem, and a determination to do something about it, will be essential to a sustainable long-term strategy

to eradicate poverty in the UK.

To know & understand the distribution of poverty in Britain.

To be able to explain the causes and consequencesof poverty.

To be aware of the notions of underclass and poverty cycle.

To know the difference between relative, absoluteand extreme poverty.

Objectives for today;Objectives for today;

These Objectives are taken straight from the These Objectives are taken straight from the Syllabus for your January examSyllabus for your January exam

To know & understand the distribution of poverty in Britain.

To be able to explain the causes and consequencesof poverty.

To be aware of the notions of underclass and poverty cycle.

To know the difference between relative, absoluteand extreme poverty.

Objectives for today;Objectives for today;

Be honest Be honest Could you now write about the Could you now write about the issue of Poverty in the UK?issue of Poverty in the UK?

If you donIf you dont feel confident, now is the time to t feel confident, now is the time to ask!ask!