· `ï ± æ Ø ; æ ä 5pihfwrluh 9dxedq 5pihfwrluh 7xuhqqh 5hvwdxudwlrq
Pothim Et HaZohar-2010 10 24 1. - Kabbalah...
Transcript of Pothim Et HaZohar-2010 10 24 1. - Kabbalah...
�غ���ØØŁ��
��œ�Ø�œ��ł
�غ���ØØŁ��
��œ�Ø�œ��ł
Michael Laitman
Unlocking The Zohar
Copyright # by Laitman Kabbalah Publishers1057 Steeles Avenue West, Suite 532Toronto, ON M2R 3X1, Canada
All rights reserved
www.kab.co.il
XGG\TGZMKO:
B.NGK,D.[EPGQ,E.BFZGRK,B.SGVZ,N.DGZ,[.MZPGQ,I.ZW,R.RCGQ,P.BEPGRK,
B.BGIKGQ,E.RFZK,V.KFGER\RBN,[.PKPGQ,J.KIKB,P.GKHN
XGG\"HGFZNTO":
C.DKZW,P.MFQ,B.X’ZRKBCSYK,\.KVFZ,I.ZGHRGGSZ,N.GKDEGZ,N.VNSIQ,B.PGNB,
N.[PT=VRIS,P.KIKB,E.BYZPQ,R.EGKKC,K.GGNVPQ,D.CBGPVNE,P.SKRYNZ,
[.ICBRK,I.NGK,D.KXIYGC,M.DCBK,J.ZVBNK,R.NGK,R.ISKE,B.ZGHRGGSZ,
K.DZGCZ,C.VZD’GQ,P.CZ,G.EC[
TZKMFN[GRK\:Z.DNZ
RKFGN:P.CZG[JKKQ
DZVKYF:H.YGXKRF
TKPGE:D.HFCK
TKXGC:SJGEKGKRKC
�ª�æÆØøł��,œø�"�
2010#º���ºØœøłœ�غ���ØØŁ�
æœ"Æ:I.S.B.N: 978-965-7065-85-3
ª����ª760-25
œ�º�� ØØ Ø
TNFSVZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
�º�œ��ł. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
T\NT[G\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
BRIRGGFJCT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
FHGFZIGHZNTO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
SGNOBNFHGFZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
HGFZNTO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
ÆøÆØ�Ø Æł����. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
FPXKBG\FBPK\K\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
C[CKNKRCZBFTGNO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
MBK[BIECNCBIE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
��œ�Ø�œ��ł. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79
NFKG\MPGFCGZB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81
PTZM\"ZCK[PTGQ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89
FTGNPG\FTNKGRKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93
IGGKK\FYZKBFCHGFZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99
�ł�Ø���. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117
�Æ�ł�ØŁŁ�œÆøÆ���ł. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119
�ª��œÆ��æ���æ�ł��ł. . . . . . . . . . . . . .139
"��ł��"-���łØ Æ�łØ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167
\GMQTRKKRKOPVGZJ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263
�Æ���-Ł���Ø�Ø,�Ø Łł Ł,�Ø��ªØ�æ�łØ. .269
��ª�œłÆ�ØØŁ��. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .270
��æ�łØ�Øł�º��łł�Ø�...����øœª�ØÆ��ł�, �ł�æ�ł��ł.
æ�ł��ł,�łøœÆ���œŒ,��œ��
CSVZFHGFZJPGQMGIPKGIEFPSGDNNFCKBBG\RGBNFJGCFPG[NO.FGBSGIU,
PZ\Y,PPDRJ,TEMEKML[BR[KOZGXKONIHGZGNF\ICZBNKG[GCG[GC.TCGZPK
[TGSYCG,FGVLFHGFZNFKG\PYGZ[NBRZDKF,MGIIKKO.CTHZ\FHGFZRGMNNV\GI
NTXPRGIKKOIE[KOGNF\ICZNJGCGNTGRD.
SVZHFFGBPTKQFYEPFPYKVFGPTPKYFNSEZ\FSVZKO"HGFZNTO".FSEZF
"HGFZNTO"PXKTFNYGZBPFEGZFYNFGKEKEG\K\[NSVZFHGFZ,BLMEKNFVKY
PPRFB\FPKJCPGPNWNYZGB\IKNFB\FSVZFHF,[PJZ\GNFMKQB\FYGZB
NYZKBFRMGRFCHGFZ.
HFGSVZNNKPGETXPK,GNBREZ[MNKETPYEKOMEKNFCKQB\FBPGZCG.CINYG
FZB[GQR\GGETBNPFG\F[NIMP\FHGFZ,RCKQPFQFSKCG\NFKG\FRS\Z\CP[L
BNVK[RKOGPFFKBKMGNFN\\NRGNIKKOFKGO.CINYF[RKRNPEPFKFEZL[CF
BRIRG\GVSKOB\FPXKBG\GRMKZB\\MRK\FF\V\IG\[NFCZKBF.GNCSGURV\IB\
SVZFHGFZGKIERRSFNVTRIB\SGEG.
GNMNBNF[C\GOFNKPGEDCZFSYZRG\OGZGXKONJTGOTGEPFHGFZ,CRSVI3
NKYJRGCPKGIETCGZMOPBPZKORCIZKOP\GL"HGFZNTO".FKET[CZ[G\MOMT\
KBV[ZNMONF\IKNNFZDK[B\TGXP\G[NFHGFZGNKFRG\PHKGF[VT\G.
��łØ�œØª�Ø�œ� ��...�ªøØÆ��ª�ł��ł��Ææ��
Ø�Ø,ø��Øœ��.łÆØØø�Ø��Ø�ł�ÆØı,ø�"�ª�ø
7 | ���æ�ł
�ª��œ�ø�æ�ł��ł
�Øø��ł���łæ�ł��ł��ł���ł�Ø�Ø�.
ł’�ÆØØłø�Øغ øŁØØ���ØªØŁø�Æ1
�ø ��ł����ø��Øœ�æ��Æ�º�œ��œÆ���ØØ����
���Æ,�ªøœø�Øø œł"�]1490[.��ø��Ø�ŒØ�ł�ª�ł��ł��,
��œł��ł,�łø�œ œ� �œ�æ�Ææ�ł��ł.��ø œ"ø
�Ø�Øł]1540[�������Æ�łøØœ�æ��ÆłÆØ,�ª��Ø��Ł Ø.
ł’�ÆłÆ��łªºØ�����Ø2
��ø�ø�œØªØØøł���Ł����ı�ØØø��æ�ł��ł�,
Ø���Æ������œÆł��Ø.
æ�ł��ł,�łøœ ø�,��œ�
º�œ�����ØØÆ�łÆ�œ� ØØ�Æœ�ł� Ø�Øœ.æ�ł��ł��łı
œØÆ�œ�ªø�œ,�ø�ØÆ�ªÆłªłŒ�æØ�Æ�łÆ,���º�œÆ��œ�
��º�����œ���œ�Ø����.
ł�Ø"���3
�Ø��œ�ªØøł��Øœ��ØÆæ�ł��ł.
ł’Ø����ØØ�Ø�����ł 4
8|
����
�º�œ��ł
�ł�1
�œ��ø�œº��º�œ�Æ�Ø�ł��ª�œ �œ�ø�ł�����Ø��.��
�Æł�º�ÆłØ�œ��,����ł��Æ,��ØØæ��
º�æØÆ�ÆØ���.
ł��"�,��"��œ�Ø�º�,�œ��’
FHGFZFGB"SVZFSVZKO"[NIMP\FYCNF,IMP\FBP\.FGBP\DNFMKGOMEK
NFXTKEBG\RGYEKPF,BNPPETNKGQKG\Z.PFPKGIEMNMLCHGFZGCYCNF?PFQFSKCG\
NML[EGGYBFKGOVGZX\FIMPFBNPZMHFFGGKFFBRG[K\,GP\V\I\CYXC[KB?
FBRG[G\P\V\I\MNFHPQ.C\YGVFFYEGPFFKGFZXGRG\[NFBEOCSKSKKOPBGE=
ZXGRG\NPHGQ,NPKQ,NP[VIF,NPISFGMEGPF,ZXGRG\JCTKKO[FOXGZLYKGPK.
CFP[LF\V\IGCRGZXGRG\DEGNKOKG\Z=ZXGRG\NTG[Z,N[NKJF,NMCGEGNKET.
CP[LMNFFKSJGZKF,EGZBIZEGZ,RKSKRGNPNBB\MNFZXGRG\[F\TGZZGCRG,
NPXGBCMNFF\V\IG\FHGBG[Z,BFCFGIKKOJGCKO.FKGOBRIRGZGBKO[FZKXF
FKK\FMPTJNIKRO.MNEGZBPROPVG\IKG\ZPCIKRFIGPZK\,BLDOSGCNKG\Z.
F[KPG[FZGGICSPKOMPVNJ,C\ZGVG\RDEEKMBGQGMQFNBF,FOSPPRKO[N
ZKYRG\VRKPK\.
CMNZDTR\GQF\Y[GZ\,BPXTKFVZSGOGFSGCCKOBG\RGPIEKZKOCRGTGEGTGE
ZXGRG\,GBRIRGPXERGPPFZKONPNBBG\O.HFKMGNNFKG\CDEIE[,PMGRK\,EKZF,
11 | �œ��ø�œ
P[ZFPMGCE\KG\Z,\GBZKGYZ\K,JKGNNIG"NBGBVKNGBZGIFCPSTEFJGCF.BCN
CMNVTO[BRGP[KDKOP[FGMHFBGBIZ,MTCGZHPQNBBZGLF\TRGDP\VGDD.GPF
TM[KG?[GCP\TGZZCRGZXGQIE[,GFPZEUP\IE[...
TEP\K?HGCEKGYF[BNF[P\IKNFNF\TGZZCNCO[NBR[KOZCKOKG\ZGKG\Z
CEGZRG.GNBZYTEP\K,BNBDONPF,NPFFIKKOP\RFNKOEGGYBML?NPFBRIRGMN
FHPQZXKOGZXKO,GBUVTONBCBP\PDKTKOBN"FPRGIFGFRINF"?NPFMNECZ
FGVLNP[TPOGISZJTONBIZ[F[DRGBG\G?GCMNN,BOMLFOFIKKOGBKQNRGPF
NT[G\CTRKKQ,NPFNRGMNF"SKVGZ"FHF?
PTGNONBFKFYKKOPXCMHF,[CGP\TGZZG\CBR[KOZCKO[BNG\TNP[PTG\
FIKKOG\MNK\O.C[CKNPFCTXOBRIRGIKKO?NBQHFPGCKNBG\RG?FBOKK\MQ[K[
DO\TRGDKOPSGDBIZ,MBNF[BKROP\VGDDKO?
CTCZV[GJNB[BNRG."IKKO,PVRK[IKKO..."BCNCEGZRG,[BNG\MBNF
[P\TGZZG\V\BGOCNC,CSGVG[NKGO,NBRG\RG\NRGPRGI.F[BNG\FBNFEGIVG\
BG\RGYEKPF,GBIZKIKVG[KO[GRKOBRIRGPDKTKOBNIMP\FYCNF=FIMPF[PNPE\BKLNYCNPFIKKOFZCFKG\Z.YGEONBFKFNRGXGZLCF,GNMQFKBFKK\F
RS\Z\.HGFKFSKCFFZB[GRFNF\DNG\IMP\FYCNFCEGZRG.
FSKCFF[RKKFFKBFPXCFPKGIE[CGBRGRPXBKO.F\V\IG\FJMRGNGDKFGBPXTK
F\Y[GZ\FVMFB\FTGNONMVZBIEYJQ,[CGF\NG\FFEEK\IHYFPBGE.BLKIE
TOHB\FBDG[NMNBIEGBIEPBK\RGDENGTPGDOF[RBFHFNHF.
Y[FNRGPBGENSCGNB\FBIZKO.HFP\IKNCZPFFBK[K\CKG\Z=MNBIEZGXF
NFKG\NCE,CIEZ[NG,CEKZF[NG,CPMGRK\[NG.BR[KOP\Y[KONIKG\CHGDKG\
BPK\K\,MPG\FHGDG\FP\DZ[KOPZYKTFN[IYKO,F\BFP[VI\KMPTJP\VZY.GHF
PDKTTENZPFFCKRNBGPK\.
BRIRGIKKOKIETNVRKMEGZBIEYJQ,[GRBKOHFB\HFGNBKGETKOBKLNFS\EZ
KIE.MPG\FR[YNF[PEFFPGRK\[FXJCZFCTGNOPCKBFBG\RGNPXCPSGMQCKG\Z.
FMGNSCKCRGCN\KXVGKGPBKKOPBGE.BV[ZCFINJNGPZ[BKCERGB\FKMGN\NRFN
B\FTGNO.
CPCJYEKPF,BORP[KLCMKGGQ[CGBRIRGXGTEKO,NBCZGZBKLR\YKKOCMNN.
NBKHFTGNOBRIRGPGNKEKOB\KNEKRG?HFFEGZFZB[GQ[CGBR[KOFVSKYGNI[GC
[PXVKONKNEKO[NFOIKKOJGCKOKG\Z.TNFZYTFHFP\DNKOSVZFHGFZGMNK\Z
FPYGZG\[NIMP\FYCNF.FOPSCKZKO[FPXCBNKGRYNTRGFKFKEGTPZB[.
FVTOFZB[GRF[CFF\YKKOPXCMHFFKK\FNVRKBNVK[RKOCCCNFT\KYF.
FSKVGZFPYZBKTNCRKK\PDENCCNP\BZBR[KO[FKGPMGRSKOKIECPYGOBIEGZXG
12|�º�œ���ł
NCRG\PDEN[ZB[GC[PKO...HFGCKJGKNBDGFDEGN[F\TGZZCKRKFO.[RBFFP[GNC\
C\NG\FEEK\=EGGYBCPYGOFHFGCPXCFHFF\DN\FIMP\FYCNF.
PFPXKTFFIMPFFHG?ECZV[GJ.FKBBGPZ\[IGWPFPXKBG\[BG\FBRIRG
PZDK[KOMT\,K[PXKBG\RGSV\,ZICFGDEGNFKG\Z=PXKBG\TNKGRF.PFPXKBG\
FTNKGRFFHGPDKTKOMGIG\NTGNO[NRGGPRFNKOBG\G.FF\V\IG\[TCZRGCP[L
FEGZG\,RGTEFNEIGUBG\RGNFMZ\FMGIG\[VGTNKOTNKRGGPRFNKOBG\RG.
M[RDNFB\FPXKBG\FTNKGRF,RCKQ[MNFF\V\IG\C\BNVKF[RKOF\ZI[FZY
MEKNFCKBBG\RGNKEKTFGNFZD[FZICFKG\Z[NFPXKBG\;[NBRK[BZCPXC
F"YJQ"FHF[CGBRIRGIKKOGP\KO,IKKOGP\KO,BNBRMKZB\FIKKOCXGZ\OFRXIK\,
FZICFGFCN\KPGDCN\.
�ª ��łºªØ�łØ�œø�Øł’� �� ª������
RIHGZNCCNFT\KYF.FKFHFBCZFOBCKRG,\G[CBGZM[EKO,IGYZ[DKNFMK\MRK\
FF\V\IG\[NFBRG[G\PYEP\BG\FNYZB\DKNGKFPXKBG\FIE[F.BCZFO\VS
[CSGVG[NECZF\V\IG\GFBZXK\=IGPZK\[NFBEOTNVRKMEGZFBZW\DKTNZGGKF,
GFBEOKDNF[XZKLNFKG\P[FGPTCZNSKVGYFZXGRG\FD[PKKO,BIZ\FIKKOTNK
BEPG\FOISZK\GTN\GP[PTG\.
BCZFOPXB[CSGUFF\V\IG\FIGPZK\P\IKNFFF\V\IG\FZGIRK\.NBIZ[FGB
TXPGPKXFB\MNFZXGRG\FYGEPKOGFPGMZKONMGNRG,F\TGZZCGZXGQIE[NFCKQ
N[OPFFGBIK.
MNFZXGRG\FBZXKKOP[GNKOCYCNFNNCFBEO,GBKNGFZXGQNDKNGKP[PTG\FIKKO
P[GNN"RYGEF[CNC";HGFKPTKQRYGEFYJRF[P\TGZZ\CNCRGGPG[M\BG\RG
"NPTNF".FZXGQFIE[FHFFGCKNB\BCZFON\IKN\DKNGKF[NFPXKBG\F[NPF,
FPXKBG\FZGIRK\.
13 | �œ��ø�œ
\Z[KO1
IMP\G[NBCZFORYZB\"IMP\FYCNF".FKBP\BZ\B\Z[\MGIG\FJCTGB\
FEZLNNPGEB\F\GMRF[TNVKFFOVGTNKOTNKRG.PEGCZCIGYKO,CMGIG\
GCRGSIBG\VTGNF,CTGNPG\TNKGRKO.
FYCNFPSCKZFBKLF\IKNFFPXKBG\NF\V[JPTGNOBKQ=SGU,EZLTGNPG\BEO
YEPGQ,BXKNG\,CZKBF,KXKZFGT[KF,TENTGNOFHF.FKBPSVZ\MKXEKGZEG\FR[PG\
G"P\NC[G\"CDGVKOCTGNOFHF,GBKLPMBQRGMNNDZGONR[PF[NRGNTNG\IHZF,TE
NTGNOBKQ=SGU.
\Z[KO2
14|�º�œ���ł
BCZFOFKFFPYGCNFZB[GQ[NKPEBR[KOBKLNDNG\B\FR[PFGNFZDK[CF
CFEZDFTGNOTNKGQKG\ZGKG\Z.YKKPKOIPK[FTGNPG\TNKGRKO,CMNBIEPFOIP[
PEZDG\,[MNBI\PFQRINY\NIP[PEZDG\RGSVG\.BORMVKN5x5x5RYCN125
PEZDG\[BRIRGTGNKOCFQCFZD[F,CFCRFGCF[DF,TE[PDNKOB\FPXKBG\MGNF.
F\FNKLFHFP\ZI[CHPQ[BRIRGRPXBKOCDGVRG,MBQ,CTGNOFHF.FPXKBG\RT[K\
BHZICFKG\ZGKG\Z,GBRIRGPZDK[KOB\FMGIG\FVGTNKOTNFTGNO[CGBRIRG
RPXBKO.FECZEGPFN\PGR\ZYPF.PFXEFYEPKBRIRGZGBKOXKGZMN[FG,NP[N
VZIKO,GPFXEFBIGZKZGBKOB\FY[ZKOCKQMNBG\OIGJKO[KXZGB\F\PGRF
[F\DN\FNTKRKRG.
M[BRIRGPS\MNKOTNFTGNO[NRGGTNPF[YGZFCG,BRIRGZGBKOB\F\PGRF
FIKXGRK\.IMP\FYCNFTGHZ\NRGNZBG\B\FXEFBIGZK[NF\PGRF.MLBRIRG
P\IKNKONFCKQB\FY[ZCKQFECZKO:PEGTYZFPF[YZF,GMKXERGMNNF[VKT
CBPXTG\VZJBIETNVZJBIZ.
MNGPZ,BRIRGP\IKNKONZBG\IGWP\PGR\FTGNOFHF,DOB\PTZM\FFVTNF.ZY
BHBRIRGKMGNKON[NGJCIKKRG,CDGZNRG,GNFDKTNPXCFPG[NO.
\Z[KO3
FIKKO[NRG,PSCKZFIMP\FYCNF,CRGKKOCMGGRFML[XXG\CVRKRGCTKG\[GRG\
GP[GRG\,MEK[NB\FKFNRGCZKZFBNBNFMKZB\PTZM\FFVTNF.CNK[RXBNPPE
15 | �œ��ø�œ
FTNKGQ,RMKZB\FMGIG\[VGTNKOTNKRG,GR\IKNNRFNEZMOB\IKKRG=NBRFKF
PSGDNKONFS\EZTGECIKKO.NMQP\DNFFIMPFFHB\GRG\R\NRGBV[ZG\NFMKZB\
FTGNPG\FTNKGRKO.
FYCNFPSCKZFB\MNPF[YZFCFKSJGZKFFBRG[K\,PEGTF\V\IRGEGGYBML
GNBBIZ\,NPFF\ZI[GMNFPNIPG\GMNF[KRGKKO[TCZRG.FKBP\KKIS\DOBN
FT\KEGP\BZ\B\FBGVQ[CGBRIRGKMGNKONF\V\IPMBQGBKNL.TGPEG\CVRKRG
[\KEZMKO:
CZKIFPZT=NF\V\ITNKEKMGI[NKNK[EGIUBG\RGPBIGZ,MVK[T[KRGTEMF
NBGZLFFKSJGZKF.DKNKRG[P[FGISZ,[P[FGNBCSEZ,GBKQNRGCZKZFBNBNXB\
PFPXCFNGIWGNT[G\[KRGK.
P[KMFNJGC=NF\V\ITNKEKMGIIKGCK[PG[LBG\RGYEKPF.HFPF[PXKTFNRG
FYCNF;NF\V\IP\GLDKNGKFIKKOFJGCKOGNFCKQBKLNFDKTBNKFOCEZL[N
FZV\YFYSGPF.
IMPKFYCNFXVGB\PXCRGPZB[GKETG[NNBFYCNFNBRGMNN[ZGE.FOFXCKTG
TNSGUFPBFFT[ZKOMTNFHPQ[CG\\DNFFIMPFCZCKO.NECZKFO,BONBRTCGZ
PF\YEPG\[NKNK\NF\YEPG\IKGCK\,RKEIUNMLCXGZFBMHZK\PBGE.*
GNBZYCPK[GZFICZ\KPXVG\NRGCTKG\,BNBDOCPK[GZFBYGNGDK:F\VZXG\FZK
DT[,ZTKEG\BEPF,DNKXGRBPK,SGVG\FGZKYQ,[ZKVG\,DNKIGOGYGZTHKOCPKGIE.MN
BNFKCGBGZYMEKNIKKCBG\RGNFP[KLNF\V\I.FJCTPRTZBG\RGTNKEKMGI[NKNK,
MEK[RKYICKEKRGB\FMGIFIKGCK.
MEKNF\YEOTNKRGNDNG\\IKNFB\FMGIG\[KGZEKOGVGTNKOTNKRG,GNNPGEBKL
NFKMRSNZPFFTNKGRF[NFJCTMEKNRFNBG\O.DOM[BRIRGPTGRKKRKONV\I
JMRGNGDKG\[KKJKCGB\IKKRG,BRIRGYGEOMGNIGYZKOB\FJCTGPDNKOBKNGIGYKO
YKKPKOCGGMKXEFGBP\RFN.BLPVRK[CYCNFPEGCZCMGIG\TNKGRKOKG\Z,CMGIG\
RS\ZKO,FZK[DO\FNKLFDKNGK[NFOPGZMCKG\Z.HFGTRKKQPZ\YCBGVQCN\KZDKN,
TNKGRZIKCCVZYFCB.
*CN[GQFPYGCNKORYZBG\[\KFEZMKOC[OEZLF\GZF)EZLFBGZ(GEZLFKKSGZKO.C"M\CKFEGZFBIZGQ"PSCKZHB\
CTNFSGNO:"K[C’EZMKONDKNGKF[NPG\,BGEZL\GZFBGEZLKKSGZKO,GNVKMLSKCCFYC"FGR\QB\FJMRKYFNCRK
BEOTE[PXBGFVXXF[NBJGOG[NPKPQ,[BOTGENBCZGZNTGNOFIGZCQFMNNK[FOT\KEKONFCKBNTGNO,KIMG
TENPNIPG\TGNO[NK[K\BGZCKTK\ISG[NGO,GBHKT[GFVXXG\B\[NFQ,GF[BZK\[K[BZGBIZFIGZCQ,NBKFKF
NFOTXFBIZ\BNBNYI\TNTXPOTCGEFFHG...GBO\NMGCEZL\GZFG\YCNGF\CNKQ,PGJC,GBONBG\NMGCEZL
KKSGZKO".NFZICFCRG[BPGPNWNTKKQDOCM\CKORGSVKO[NCTNFSGNO:"FYEPFNSVZFHGFZ")BG\JH(,"FYEPF
NSVZVRKOPBKZG\GPSCKZG\")BG\H(GPBPZ"F[NGO".
16|�º�œ���ł
�º���Ø������œ���Ø�œł���æªłø�ø�łøØ,�øœ�ø�Ø
��ªłŒ��ª� �øŒÆ���Ø�Æ��Ø�����ŁØ�œ�ÆłØ�����Ø
��Łł��œ���ª ��, ��ÆÆø�Ø��ØÆ�ł�� Æł�Ø�Æ����.
Æ��æ��,���ł"��œ�º�œ�Æ�"
PHPRG[NBCZFO,NVRKM=800,3[RF,GTENVRKMBNVKKO[RFFKK\FIMP\FYCNFKEGTF
ZYCYZCCRKTOK[ZBN.PIGZCQCK\FPYE[NVRKBNVKKO[RFGTENEGZRG,FGS\ZF
FYCNFPFPGQFTOGFGTCZFPEGZNEGZCI[BK,CYZCPYGCNKOCGEEKOCNCE.
C\YGVF[CFFGS\ZFFIMPF,ECYGCFMNPKRKSJKDPG\.BPZG[FKBPKSJKYF,
[FKBTGSY\CMK[GVKO,CPBDKFGTGE.BUBIENBKETCPFFKBCBP\TGSY\,GPMBQ
MNF[PGTG\F[DGKG\.DOF\T[KKFFP[D[D\[VGZI\CEGZRGGTG[F[KPG[[KGGYK
C[OFYCNFMEKNPMGZ[KZG\KOGPGXZKOMBNFGBIZKO,BKRFY[GZFCPBGPF
NPFG\FFRS\Z\[NFIMPF.
BCN\YGV\FFS\ZFFS\KKPF.FKGOP\DNFIMP\FYCNFFPYGZK\PIE[.NMGNO,
NMNCRKFBEOCB[ZFO,NNBFCENPKQ,DKN,NBGO,E\BGDHT.FYCNFFKBPETTNKGQ.FKBBKRF[KKM\NE\BGNBPGRF,GBKRFPXKCFCVRKFBEOPDCNG\BG\RBKOMN[FO.MNBEO[ZGXFNFCKQB\FTGNO[CGFGBIK,NFMKZB\FR[PF,NET\PFGDGZNG
GNNPGEMKXENRFNBG\G=PGHPQ.
"NGTPK[GPTNK...FKGNGPEKOTO\KRGYCQ\[T[RKOSVZFHGFZ",5
BPZFPYGCN
ZCKKXIYBKKHKYPYGPZRFMCZCPBFF\[TT[ZF.BIZKGFPNKXGPYGCNKORGSVKO
NFYRG\B\FKETFHFNKNEPDKNXTKZ,N\\NGFSCZTNFTGNOFSGCCBG\G,TN
FY[ZKOCKQINYKGGTNFMGIG\[VGTNKOTNKG.CBPXTG\IKRGLMHFDENBEOPNB
CKJIGQ,PIGCZBNPYGZF[VTGPZDK[[FTGNOVZGSCVRKG.FGBKGETNF[\P[
NJGCFCMNFMGIG\FBNFGPCKQ[FIKKOBKROPGDCNKO.
��ł�ª�ø��øł�œ�ª��Ø�-æ��
ł’�øØøł��Æł��Ø�,"ø�łØœØøł��"6
SVZFHGFZFGBFSVZFPZMHKCIMP\FYCNF.FGBRM\CCEKGYCRYGE\FHPQ[CF
FVMFFYCNFPIMPFDNGKFNIMPFPGS\Z\.CTNKFHGFZKETGPZB[[FTGNOKHEYY
NSVZFHFZYMTCGZBNVK[RKO,NMQPKEC\GOM\KC\GFSVZRDRH.
17 | �œ��ø�œ
SVZFHGFZRM\CCTXOTCGZRG,MEKNFGXKBBG\RGPPXC[N"DNG\ZGIRK\"=PXC
FRK\GYP\IG[\FMGIFTNKGQGFPXKBG\FZICF.BOCZXGRRGNFKJKCB\PXCRG,TNKRG
NFVGLB\SVZFHGFZNSVZFPZMHK[NFTGNO.FHGFZFGBNBS\OSVZ,FHGFZFGB
BPXTKFY[ZCKRKRGNCKQFMGIFTNKGQ.
M[RNPEBKLNYZGBRMGQCHGFZ,RDNF[FGBBPXTKNYNKJ\[VTGRZBFBKLCTHZ\G
FMGNP[\RF.CZD[,C[MN,C\VKSF,CFZD[F.CFEZDFR\IKNNFZDK[[MGIRGSU,
MGITNKGQGJGC,RPXBMBQGTGJUBG\RG.[VGTNMBQP[FG,[FBGGKZRT[FSPKL...
NSKMGO,FJCTFCKBBG\RGMKGONPYGOPKGIECF\V\IG\FBRG[K\,ZDTNVRKPEZDF
IE[F[NYKGO.BRGTGPEKOCVRKYVKXFBKMG\K\BNFPEZDFFZGIRK\,GP[GOML
P\DNFNRGDOFPYVXF=IMP\FYCNFGCN]CFSVZFHGFZ.
Æ����Ø ø�� �øØœ���’��ł�Æ��ł�.���œ�ØØغ��
ł����œ �ø,�ªø��œø��Æł�Æ�œ�œ�ØØ�œ�����ł�
�.�Æ�Æø�������œ�º�����ł�œØæ�ª,�œø�łø��Ø�ł
ø�����,ø��Æ��œº����ØØ� �øØØ...��Æ��ø
�œ���Ø�Æł���� Ø���øœØ���œ�,�Ø�ÆłØ��øœ���œ,
������ÆØ�œł�œ�Øø�ł� Ø�Øø� �ø����œ�����ªØł,
ø�Ø ���æ�� ��Æ�ÆÆ��ł��œ�Æ���.�º��ø����
º�����ØÆłØ��� ��º�œ�Æ���œ�øœ�œ�.ł�Ø"���,���łØł�Ø",��’113
18|�º�œ���ł
���ł æœł
�ª�����Æ�ØÆ�� �ØłÆØ�ª�ø��)1884-1954(,�Æ�º�œ�
����ł�œ���œ.��ت��ÆºØ �Ø�Æ��æ��,��ø��Øł�ø
"æ��"øºœÆ�æ�ł��ł.Æ�ł�ÆØ�Ø�ºœÆÆ��æ���œ"ºœÆØ
ª�ł��ł��"ø �œ�غŒ:
"�ø���Æłł�ÆØ����Øœ��ØÆ�ªÆł,� ��ª����
���Øø�Æƺ�Ł�Æ,œ�Ø� �ºłÆ��Ø������Ø,�� ºÆł �œ�
�łÆ�ªø��ت����Ø���.��ø?œ�Ø������
Æ����ª����œ���Æø��ł,���ØØø����ÆłØ�ł�ÆØ������Ø�œ
����,�Øœ�łÆ���Ø��ØÆ����º��Øø�Æ������º�Ł�Æ.º�ªÆł
ø�� Ø �, œ�Ø �Æ�ªÆł �ł�Ø�ª�º�� �ø�œ,��œ��� �
���ł�ª������º�Ł�ƪØØ �æ�łØ�Æ�øÆ���ł...
�œłÆ�œØ,łØ�� غ�ł�Œ���Ł�Æ�ł���æ�łøÆ�ºœ�Æ
����łøº��º�œ�ªØ �œ�º�æªłØØ�ت��ØÆ�ł�øłØØ�Ææ��
Ø�تØØ �æ�łØ�Æ�...�œ��æ�łØ����œ����º�æªłØ
Ł�ÆØøØœ���Æ��łØœØ�Ø,��œ�ºœ�Æ�����Ł�Æ�ØŒ
�æªłªÆłØ�Ø�".
Æ��æ��,"ºœÆت�ł��ł��",�ª�
19 |
�ł�2
� � ��ŁÆ���ŁÆ� ���Æ��œªÆłØ���Æ�Ø,�øł"ŁÆ�"���
Æ�øÆ��"���Ø".
Æ��æ��,���ł"ø��"
SVZFHGFZPNPEBG\RG[BRIRGRPXBKOCPTZM\BI\DEGNF[RYZB\"FJCT"BG
"BN‘YKO",BNB[BRIRGPZDK[KOZYINYYJQP\GLFPTZM\FHG,INY[RYZBFTGNOFHF.
PJZ\FYKGO[NRGFKBNF\TNG\PTNDCGNG\FTGNOFHFGNFZDK[B\MNPTZM\
FJCT,B\FMGIFTNKGQ.M[RDKTNPEZDFFHG,R\PNBC[VT,\TRGDGBGZBKRSGVKKO,
CFCRFGCFZD[FTKNBK\,C\IG[G\[NBKHGQ,[N[NPG\G[NFZPGRKFMPGBNF
FYKKPG\CJCTFMGNN.
MEKNFCKQPFTNKRGNT[G\C[CKNNFDKTBNMNFJGCFHF,PPNKWNRGFHGFZ
NF\CGRQCF\RFNG\FJCTCXGZFYX\KG\ZZICFPFZDKN.
FTGNO[NRGFGBTGNOSDGZ.BRIRGRPXBKOCPTZM\MNNK\BI\[MNINYKF
Y[GZKOHFNHF.BKRRGKMGNKONI[GC[BRIRGPTNNMGN,PTNFJCT,GKMGNKONT[G\
MNPF[P\I[YNRG.HFGP\MGQCJGINFZSTXPK.BKRRGKMGNKODONCZGIPQFJCT
P[GO[BRIRGINYCN\KRVZEPPRG.NMQTNKRGNNPGEB\FIGYFMNNK[NFJCT,
GNNM\KIEBK\G.
21 | ������ŁÆ�
FEIU[NRGNF\V\IFGBRFEZ,BCNTNKRGNT[G\HB\CEZLFRMGRF,NMKGGQ[NY[Z
CZKBCKRKRGNCKQMNINYKFJCT,CXGZF[NB\VZB\FFZPGRKFGB\FBKHGQFMNNK.HFG
NPT[FFKSGE[NIMP\FYCNF.
F\CGRRG\CJCTPNPE\BG\RG[MNFDGVKOFIKKOCRGKKOTNVKTKYZGQ[NEBDF
NHGN\.\BKOCDGUIKP\ICZKOHFNHFTNKEKR\KRFFEEK\NPTQFIKe\[NFDGUMGNG.
MN\BCDGUPYCNB\FEZG[NYKGPG,GCMNK\ZMGIG\KGEGBDNMNNe\FDGU.\B[NB
P\I[CCSCKCF[NGGP[TCEBG\FNJGC\TXPGFGB\BSZJRK.VTKNG\BDGBKSJK\
MHGPCKBFCSGVG[NECZNPG\G[NFDGUMGNG.
CEZDG\FEGPO,FXGPIGFIKVGTNFVZJNJGC\FMNN,GCMLFGBPGXBB\[NPG\G.
NNBVTKNG\FZPGRK\[MHGNBKK\MQFYKGO.ZYFICZFFBRG[K\P\RFN\BIZ\...
NPF?MKC[GRFPFEZDG\FBIZG\[CFQIGYFJCTPIKKCB\FBKHGQGFFZPGRKF,NCRK
FBEOF[BKZFJCTPYGONCIKZFIGV[K\,PYGONF[\\VG\PGET\CFZPGRKF
FMGNN\[NPTZM\FJCT.
BOBRIRGP[\\VKOCPTZM\CXGZFNBRMGRF,FYNYGN[BRGTG[KOCFIGHZBNKRG
GPGZD[CRGMSCN.GMLNBJNBJ,CP[LBNVKEGZG\,FJCTPYEOBG\RGNFCRF[BRIRG
IKKCKONNPGEB\FIGYFMNNK[NG.NNPGE,GCSGVG[NECZNVTGNTNVKG.
FCTKFRTGXFCML[BRIRGNBPZDK[KOB\FMGIFMNNK[NFJCT[VGTNTNKRG,MGI
FBFCFGFR\KRF[RYZBDO"CGZB".BPROCHPRRGFPETP\YEOCFEZDFNYZB\FDKNGK
[NJCTK[[MN,ZD[,TGXPF[NIMPFBEKZF[PIHKYFGPRFN\FMGN,GCMNHB\,
P\GLFBDG,BRIRGNBZGXKONZBG\HB\.
BCNFPXC[CGR\GQFTGNOMKGOPGMKI[FTKGGZGQFHFGIGSZF\IG[F[NFPTZM\
FMNNK\NBKMGNKONFKP[L.CTNFSGNOM\CTNHFMCZNVRK[PGRKO[RF:"I[GCNRG
PBGE,NFS\MNCPXG#\FJCT,N]KETPFFGBEGZ[PB\RG,VQKTRK[RGCNKIPNF".7
�Ø��غ��º��Øø�ŁÆ�
FZXGQNYCNFGBMNIGPZFCZKBF,PZB[FGTESGVF.
CTNFSGNO,"V\KIFNIMP\FYCNF",BG\B
MNECZ[BRIRGZGXKONFCKQ,NFZDK[BGNF\VTNPPRGCP[FG,CXGZFZD[K\,[MNK\,
BGCMNXGZFBIZ\=TNKRGNFKG\BK\GC"BG\GDN",CBG\F\MGRF.MEKNDNG\DNZEKG
NP[N,TNKRGNKKXZC\GLPYNJFZEKGB\BG\GFDN.ZYBHRGMNNYNGJB\FDNPCIGW.
22|�º�œ���ł
FMGIFMNNK[NFJCTFGB"ZXGQN\\",NF[VKT=NFTRKY[VT.NTGP\HB\,FJCT
[NRGFGB"ZXGQNYCNFRBFG\TRGD",ZXGQNKFRG\,NTXPRGCNCE.FJCT[NRGFGB
BDGBKSJK.MLRGXZRG,MVK[PDNFNRGIMP\FYCNF.MNGPZ,BRIRGPRGDEKONMGI
FTNKGQ,FVGMKOPPRG,GNMQBRIRGNBKMGNKONFZDK[BG\G.CMNN.
BOML,PFCKMGN\RGNT[G\?GCMQ,BKRRGKMGNKOGBKRRGXZKMKONFZGSB\FJCT
[NRG,B\"FZXGQNYCN".TNKRGNFP[KLNIKG\B\IKKRGMZDKN,G\GLMEKMLNZMG[MNK
\VKSFIE[KORGSVKO.
BCNBKVFBV[ZNF[KDPM[KZPKGIEMHF,[IGWPFJCTFPYGZK[NRG="NYCN",
KGSKUNRGDOJCTIE[="N\\"?MBQCBFNTHZ\RGIMP\FYCNF.
MZDTBRIRGZYPYCNKO,SGVDKO,GBOBRIRGRG\RKOP[FGNPK[FG,HFZYBIZK
[T[KRGI[CGQ[HFMEBKNRG.FJCT[NRGNBPBV[ZNRGN\\PCNK[RYCNPHFP[FG,
FGBNBPSVYNRGBRZDKFNCKXGTVTGNF[BKRFP[\NP\NRG.
N\\50GNYCN\PGZ\O100,BRIRGPGMRKO.N\\80GNYCNC\PGZF100,BRIRGDO
PGMRKO.BCNN\\101GNYCNCIHZFZY100=CN\KBV[ZK.GHFNBRGDTZYNMSU,
MPGCQ,BGNVTGNFMNVKFHGN\EGGYB,BNBNMN\RGTF[FKB,MVK[PSCKZCTNFSGNO:
RGETHFNIMPKFJCTB[ZBVKNG\RGTFFYJRFCKG\ZNBKRKTFBEOCNK
MGI\RGTF,MNGPZ,PCNKNFKJKCPFB\TXPG.NP[N,M[BEOPJNJNB\
KEGPFMKSBBNF[GNIQFGBP[GO[REPFNG[CFRKIGKEGTNF[GNIQKFRF
KG\Z.GBONBFKFREPFNGML,FKFTGHCB\KEGTNFMKSBCMN[CTKO
[RG\KGPCNKNFRKTFPPYGPF,GBKQXZKLNGPZNJZIFDEGNF.
CTNFSGNO,PBPZ"F[NGO"
DOBR[KO[TGHZKONHGN\KG\ZPFBIZKO,P\RECKOCC\KIGNKOBGCPYGPG\EGPKO,
TG[KOHB\ZYPMKGGQ[CSGVG[NECZFTRKKQPSCNFOFRBF.
CYZCFBRG[G\,PSCKZCTNFSGNO,K[RO\PKETET[ZFBIGHKO[N"BNJZGBKSJKO
PNKEF".BR[KOBNFPZDK[KOB\FHGN\CBGVQYX\[GRFPMNK\ZFBR[KO,FOI[KO
B\MBCFHGN\MBKNGFKFMBCO[NFO,G\IG[FHGPBNX\BG\ONRSG\GNSKKTNHGN\.
GEBK[DORJKKFBNJZGBKSJK\HG,MVK[PGMKIKOPIYZKOC\IGOFDRJKYF
FF\RFDG\K\,*
R[TR\TNCSKSBDGBKSJK[EGZ[\KYGQ,BLHFSPGKPQFTKQ.
*[KRGKKZXUCDRKOPSGKPKOP[VKTKOTNKMGN\O[NCRKBEONFKJKCTOBIZKO=MLPXBGVZGV’ZKX’ZEBC[JKKQGXGG\
IGYZKOP\IGOFDRJKYFFF\RFDG\K\.FOPRKIKOMKK[\PGZFPKKEK\NF\RFDG\BNJZGBKSJK\=FBEOFPKJKC
NHGN\GPZGGKIPML[P[\IZZCPGIGFIGPZFMKPKEGVPKQGDGZONGNFZD[FJGCF.
M. R. Bachner, I. Gritsenko, L. Nemanov, A. H. Zohar, C. Dina R. P. Ebstein, "Dopaminergic Polymorphisms
Associated with Self-Report Measures of Human Altruism: A Fresh Phenotype for the Dopamine D4 Receptor",
Molecular Psychiatry 10(4), April 2005, pp. 333-335.
23 | ������ŁÆ�
MNFGGKK\G[NFBEOBKRFBNBNYCNNTXPG,GPXEJCTCZKB\GBKRGPSGDN
NT[G\BVKNGPT[FYJQNJGC\HGN\G.BNBC[TF[P[VKTNHGN\G,FGB
PGMZINXVG\[CSGVG,K[KDTNKEKHF\PGZFFP[\NP\KVF.
CTNFSGNO,"PBPZNSKGOFHGFZ"
MEKNF\IKNNFCKQMKXE\SKKTNRGIMP\FYCNFNFZDK[B\FMGIFTNKGQ,R\CGRQ
CEGDPF[N\KRGY[DENGP\V\I.BKQ\FNKLJCTKKG\ZPHF,GNMQFEGDPFFHG\NGGF
BG\RGNMNBGZLFSVZ.
\KRGYRGNE,KGXBPBKPB,GBRGP\IKNKONJVNCG.FGBP\IKNN[PGT,P\IKNNZBG\,
P\IKNNFDKC.FGBNGPEGP\V\IPEGDPBG\[BRGPXKDKOCVRKG.
NGTHCRGB\F\KRGYCKTZ,FGBFKFPIYFB\FIKG\GDENMPGIKF.PNCEMPF
BKRSJKRYJKOGZVNYSKODGVRKKO[FJCTPVTKNCRG,MNFK\ZCBP\GLNKPGE.
FBORGMNNYCNNKPGEMHFTNFPTZM\FTNKGRF,[BG\FBRIRGNBPZDK[KO?MKXE
RGMNNFKG\TM[KGMPGBG\G\KRGYBGBVKNGJKV\HZT,[ZGXFNFKGGNEN\MGRFIE[F
[RYZB\"R\KRF"?
CPKNKOBIZG\,PJKVF[NHZTD[PKF\V\IBEOYJQ,\KRGY.FGBNPECBPXTG\
EGDPBG\GRT[FBEODEGN.GTM[KG,P\DNFCGJKV\HZTZGIRK[RYZB\"FRYGEF
[CNC".P\TGZZCGZXGQIE[NFCKQC[CKNPFFGBIK,NFDKTBNPF[PTCZNIKKO,
NFMKZB\FMGIFVGTNTNKGGPVTKNBG\G.C\FNKLFDEKNFFD[PKF\V\IFBDG
G\MGR\FYCNFFTXPK\F[\MNNF,GBKNGC\FNKLFDEKNFFZGIRK\P\V\I\CRG
\MGR\FR\KRF.
BHPFISZNRGMEKNF\IKNB\F\FNKL?ISZG\NRGEGDPBG\,ISZKONRGFGZKO
ZGIRKKO.N[OMLRM\CSVZFHGFZ.MPGKNEKOTOTKRKKOVYGIG\GVFVTGZ,[ZGXKO
NJTGOGNNPGEPFTGNOFMGN,MLBRIRGXZKMKOND[\BNSVZFHGFZ[PSVYNRG
EGDPBG\[N\MGR\FR\KRF.
MMN[RNPEN\\,MLR\IKNNFKEPG\NMGIFMNNK[NFJCT,MGIFBFCFGFR\KRF.
C[V\FYCNFHFRYZB"F[\GG\FXGZF".F\FNKLFHFP\ZI[CFEZDF.CPKEF[CF
RKE#P&FNMGIFMNNK[NFJCT,MLRFKFPSGDNKONFZDK[BG\G.
24|�º�œ���ł
��ł-æ�łłÆøºÆœØ
NKPGEFHGFZCGRFTGNPG\
Z’[NGOCQP[FCGHDNG,"MSBPNL"8
T[ZFPYGCNKOCZB[G\G[NZCK[PTGQCZKGIBK)Z[C"K(F\ICZGCEZDFFZGIRK\
FDCGFFCKG\Z,GPPRFFOM\CGTCGZRGB\FHGFZ.FHGFZFGBNBS\OSVZ,BNB
PTZM\SDGZF,PFEZDF[NRGGTENEZDFFTNKGRFCKG\ZCPXKBG\.PTZM\HGRGTEF
NYEOBG\RGNYKGONNBDCGNG\,CFCRFGCFZD[F,MPGFJCTMGNG.
FSVZCRGKCXGZFPKGIE\PBGE.FGBPSVZTNPF[YGZFCTGNO[NRGMCKMGN,
SKVGZKOTNCRKBEO,TNIKG\,TNTXKOGVZIKO,TNFZKOGDCTG\,BLNPT[FFGB
PSVZTNFR[PFGTNFMGIG\FTNKGRKO.
BNVK[RKONBIZ[RM\CFHGFZ,FPYGCNFDEGN[NFPBFF=20,CTNFSGNO,MG\C
B\VKZG["FSGNO"NHGFZ.FGBPCBZB\FHGFZC[V\FYCNF.[V\FYCNFTGHZ\NRG
NY[GZB\MNF\PGRFKIEGNFCKQTNPFCBP\PEGCZCHGFZ.
M[VG\IKOB\FHGFZTOVKZG[FSGNO,PCNK[RCKQ\IKNFMKXEHFP\CXT,FHGFZ
P\IKNN[RG\B\FZBKKF[NRGNZBKKFFVGMF,N[RG\B\FKIS[NRGNTGNO.FHGFZ
PSVYEGDPBG\[YG[ZG\BG\RGBNFPXCFCB[NRG,FPXCFPVG\IKG\ZCR\KRF.
EGPFFECZNEZL[CFBRGPIRMKOB\KNEKRG.BRIRGPYVKEKON\\NFOCMNVTO
EGDPFNPXCYX\KG\ZP\YEO,MEK[K\V\IG.BRIRGPCKBKOBG\OCFEZDFBNPXCKO
PVG\IKOKG\Z.CBG\GFBGVQVGTNTNKRGSVZFHGFZ,FGBVG\INBEOB\FPEZDF
FCBF[NG.
FTGNO[BG\GBRGPZDK[KOTM[KGFGBFPXCFRPGLGFDZGTCKG\Z[YKKOCPXKBG\.
FeZERGBNKGCMGGRFEZL125PEZDG\,PFPXCFDCGFCKG\Z[CGRPXBFMGIFMNNK
[NFPXKBG\.
MCZCPXCFF\IN\K[NRG,MPG[BRIRGFKGO,RKXC\CVRKRGFPEZDFFCBF=
BRK+.1GBIZMLFPEZDFFCBF=BRK+2,BRK+3GMQFNBF.125PEZDG\RPXBG\
NVRKRG,GCMNBI\PFQRPXBPKET[PDEKZBKLBRKXZKLNFKG\.C[V\FYCNF
YGZBKONR\GQFHF"Z[KPf".RZIKCTNKGCFP[LFSVZ,MKK[NGF[VTFPMZT\TN
PFNLIKKRG.
FY[ZCKQFBRK[NTM[KGNCKQFBRKCEZDFFCBF[NKRGXZCTHZ\SVZFHGFZ.MPG
BCBGBKPB,FHGFZPTNFBG\KPTGNONTGNO="TGNO"VKZG[GFPXC[NK,G"TGNO
TNKGQ"VKZG[GPXCTNKGQKG\Z[NK.
25 | ������ŁÆ�
I[GCNFCKQ[C\FNKLFF\V\IG\FZGIRK\BRIRGNB"RTNPKO"PFTGNOFHF,NB
PVSKYKONTCGEGN\VYEMZDKN,BNBP\GGSV\NIKKRGFZD[\FMGI[CBP\VGTN
CPXKBG\.BRIRGPDKTKONPXC[CGMNFPXKBG\RZBK\MDGUBIE,MPTZM\BI\.BRIRG
PZDK[KO[VGTNMBQMGIBIE,RXIK,[NO,[FGBPTNNHPQ,NPYGOGN\RGTF.PTN
NMGN.HFPF[SVZFHGFZTGHZNRGNDNG\.
º�æªłØÆłØ�,ƺ�� �œØ��Æ��Ø�����Ø�ł�º��æ�ªłœÆº�
�ł�ø,ł����Øœº�Øœ��øØœ�œ��œ�º�Ø�� �øØ,øØ��
Æ����œØ�,�ªøØØ��ºøł�ł�øœ�����œº��ł�øœł��.Æ��æ��,���ł"œ�łœ�Æ����œ"
26|�º�œ���ł
��œØ�œ��Ø�Ø
Ø�ø�œ��łØ�ł�ø� Ææ�ł��ł.�Ł�������łøœ
"�Ø�ł�"����ªÆł����œØ�œ:
"ø����Œ��œ��’���ØŒ,���ø�����Æ������.�
ÆØ�ª�ł�œł�ø� Ø�ª�ł�œ��ł� Ø?ª�ł�œł�ø� ØØ�Ø�ª�Ø
��机�ØÆ�º���Ø� ,�Ø�ª�Ø��ł���œØ�œ,ø Øœ ���ø
ÆæØ Ø...�Ø�ª�Ø,Æ��œØ�œ��Ø� �œ, �øº�œ�ÆØ ,�Æ��œØ�œ
œ�œ� �œ, �øº�œ���º�œ,�º�,� Ø������œÆ����".9
�غ���Ø��œ��œØ�œ?�º����Ø��.��ØØ�ªł�ø�º����Ø��
øØØœ��Ø��œØ�œ.
���"��œØ�œ"?��ł�œø���Ø�� Ø��Œ�œ���łø�Ø-ł���
��Æ�,���-�Ø�œª���º����Ø��,º���Æ� œØ .º�
��œØ���ł�ªøø� œØ øÆ ØœØÆœ�ºØ,�Æ� ت��Æ�ø�
�º����Ø��.
�œ��œØ�œø� Ø��Æ���ØØ��ł��"�Ø�Ø"-����ł�� Øœø�
��Æł���ł���ł,���œ���œ.ºø� Ø��ø�����œº��,� Ø
º�Ø��"�ªÆł"�º����Ø������ØœØ.Øø� �ºÆłø��ø�œ�œ.
ºø ��łœ"øØ�"ÆØ Ø�ÆØ�º����Ø���� Ø�æ�����øØÆ
��Ø�Øø��,� Ø �øø�œ�ø��,�ł�ºø�� ��œº��º�
��Ø� .ºŒ�æÆØłÆ��æ��Æ���ł�"œ�łœ�Æ����œ".
27 |
�ł�3
��ł���ł��Æ���øØ���Øøł�������œ...ت�����
�º���Ø� Ø�ł�ø��ت�����ª�º�.
æ�ł��ł,�łøœ�Øł�,��œØ�œ� �-� �
MNECZ[BR[KOHYGYKONG,P\V[JCTGNOCBGVQJCTK,GBKNGCMNFRGDTNHGFZ
GNYCNFFECZKOBKROMFV[GJKO.
DKNGKM\CKFYCNFNGGFCSKVGZKO[GRKOGP[GRKO.SVZFHGFZTCZ\NBG\ZCG\
GMKGOZYINYYJQPBGEPPRGRPXBCKEKRG.INYPM\CKG[NFBZ"KFGXBGZYNBIZ
[NG[FEGZG\PQFYCZ.CF\V[JG\FIMPFK[[KNGCPKGIE[NDKNGKGFS\Z;ICNK
NKEFY[KO.
CTNFSGNOF[YKTPBPXKOGTPNZCMEKNFGXKBNBGZB\FVKZG[[NGNHGFZ,
VKZG["FSGNO".FGBK[CGM\C,NTK\KODO20[TG\CKGO,TE[Y[FFKFNINWB\
FTJPCKQBXCTG\KG[FKGMCZ\VGSG\M[RZEO.
MSUNFEVS\M\CKFKENBFKFNG,GFGBRBNWNIMG\.M[RPXBGPYGZG\FPKPGQ,
SKEZCPGKEKGB\BG\KG\FTGVZ\TNPMC[FEVGS,BUTNVK[FKFMCZIGNFGIN[
PBGE.TGEMZLFGEVSGTGEMZL,TE[FG[NOPVTNIKKG.GBKLFDKCFYFN?BR[KO
I[[GNV\GIB\FHGFZ,GFTEKVGN[PGZPPRGPZIY.
MCZC[R\1933FINCTNFSGNONFVKWB\FYCNFC[EZG\FTOCPJZFNPRGTB\
F[GBFFP\YZC\."T\NT[G\"FKF[OFPBPZFVG\ICYGRJZSFZB[GQ[FEVKS
29 | ���ł��ł���
P\GLIPK[KO[\MRQNM\GC,BLFECZNBPXBIQCTKRKIGDKOIZEKKOPSGKPKO.C\GL
PSVZ[CGTG\,FOFCKBGNKEKFVSY\VZSGOFYGRJZSKOCPJZFNPRGTB\F\V[JG\
FIMPF.C=1940VZSOCTNFSGNOB\TK\GQ"FBGPF",FYGZBNBKIGEFBGPF
FK[ZBNK\FP\FGGF.ZXGRGFKFNKKSETK\GQEG=[CGTK,BLDOB\FTK\GQDRHGPKE
NBIZXB\FPFEGZFFZB[GRF.
C[RG\FIPK[KO\KBZCTNFSGNOB\PFNLFTRKKRKOCTXCDEGN,[FKFPFGN
C\YGGFNT\KE:
MCZPSZ\KTYZKETG\KC\ZX"D~1933|.DOEKCZ\KTOPRFKDKFEGZ,GECZK
NBR\YCNGBHBUTNVK[XGGI\KMMZGMKFGFHFZ\KBHTNIGZCQFTGNO,NB
T[FHFZG[O.BCNT\FBIZFVXXFFBJGPK\GFPKPRK\BRKIG[C
[FTGNOKBPKRGNK[YWFTGNOP\YZCGCBCXTEKORPFZKOGK[ZBNKFKG
RMGGKO\IKNFN[BZFBGPG\MPG[FKFCPNIPFFYGEP\,TNMQFKGOJGC
NTGZZB\FTGNO[KYCNG\ZGV\GFKIKEFGKIKGGK\YKKPG.
CTNFSGNO,"M\CKFEGZFBIZGQ",INYB,YJTC
F[BNFFTGNFPMNHFFKB,PEGTMNFY[GZCVZSGOIMP\FYCNFP\ZI[CEZLMF
PGHZF,GPTGZZMNMLFZCFF\RDEGKG\?FZKPEGCZCIMPF[PECZ\TNFVSKMGNGDKF
[NFBEO,TNFPCRF[NG,TNTZMKFP[VIF,TNFIKRGLGF\ZCG\,TNSEZKFJCTGTN
KSGEG\FCZKBF.FBOBKRRGHYGYKONKETFHF?
MLBGBIZ\,C\GLMNBEOPG[Z[KISPKGIE,PTKQZ\KTFVRKPK\PS+VZFHGFZ
GPIMP\FYCNF.HFRGCTPFJCT[NRGPP[,GHFNDPZKNBPYZK.
FPKKIEB\IMP\FYCNFGPCEKNCKRFNCKQMNIMPFBIZ\FGBTRKKQF\KYGQ.
FYCNFPECZ\TNML[BRGXZKMKON\YQB\TXPRG,N[RG\B\FKIS[NRGMNVKTXPRG
GMNVKFSGCCKOBG\RG,GBLJCTK[FBDG[NRGNB[[NML.
IMPKFYCNFKETGHB\GEBK,GNMQFS\KZGB\FIMPFCP[LBNVK[RKO,TE[KC[KN
FZDTGFBR[KOCBP\KHEYYGNF.FOTXPOFKGBNF[EIGB\FXKCGZPVRKF,GFJKNG
PDCNG\IPGZG\TNNKPGEF:PDKN40,NDCZKOCNCE,ZYFR[GBKO,[PKNBGB\TXPO
CMNF\GZFMGNF.FOTXPOFVKXG[PGTG\[BV[ZNF[\DTPFYCNF,GTGEGTGE...
CEGZG\FYGEPKOFZXGQNDKNGKFTGNOFZGIRKTEKKQNBF\TGZZCNCO[NPZCK\
FBR[KO,GNMQIMP\FYCNFFGS\ZF.BLBOFKFPK[FG[F\TGZZCGZXGQMHF,
FIMPFRV\IFCVRKG.FBZ"K,ZCKIKKOGKJBN,FCTN[OJGC,FDBGQPGKNRF,FZPI"N,
ZCKRIPQPCZSNCGBIZKO,NPEGGNKPEGB\IMP\FYCNFFZCFNVRK[FDKTGNDKN
BZCTKO.CEGZRGFZXGQFHFP\TGZZBXNPKNKGRKBR[KOCTGNO,GNMQFIMPFRV\IF
NXKCGZFZIC.
30|�º�œ���ł
MBPGZ,\FNKLHF[NDKNGKFIMPFGFS\Z\FBKRRGIE[,GNPT[FFGBFINMCZNVRK
771,5[RF.*
CBG\OKPKODKNFNZB[GRFCQBRG[B\FTGNOFZGIRK.NVRKGIKGEGZG\
ZCKO,BLFGBFKFFZB[GQ[F\V\ICGFZXGQBNPF[PTCZNDCGNG\FTGNOFHF.
YZBGNG"B@E@O",PN[GQ"B&c#l&FNT&NKfQ",10
GFGBFKFFPYGCNFZB[GQ=FBEOFZB[GQ[F\TNFC\MGRG\KGGDKNFB\FMGIFTNKGQ.
BEOFZB[GQ,FKFFZB[GQ,NPYCNKOSEZ[NKEKTG\PSVKYG\NFCKQ
GNFXNKIGNRXNTENYXF,PMNPF[ZBFGF[KDCTKRKG.GFFCRFFHB\
RYZB\IMP\FBP\.
CTNFSGNO,PBPZ"\GZ\FYCNFGPFG\F"
FKGO[CGF\IKNBEONDNG\B\FMGIFTNKGQRYZBKGO"CZKB\FTGNO".CKGOFHF
RDTFFBRG[G\NZB[GRFCTGNOFZGIRK,GNMQFGBFRYGEF[CFP\IKNFSVKZ\F[RKO
FTCZK\.NVK\MRK\FJCT,CPFNL[[\BNVKO[RF\CGBFBRG[G\MGNFNDKNGK
FMGIFTNKGQ.11
C[RKOFBNFKDENFBDGFBRG[KCFEZDFMEKNFCKBB\FBRG[G\
NFMZF[PGMZIKON\YQBG\G,GNKMGN\NFCKQB\[KJ\F\KYGQGNPP[BG\F.
NBEOFZB[GQPKGISSVZFYCNFFZB[GQ,"ZHKBNFPNBL",[VKZG[GFMGIFRS\Z
=MGIFJCTFMNNK[PRFNBG\RG,BCNRS\ZPBK\RG.NVKFYCNF,"PNBMKO"FONB
EPGKG\[PKPKG\CTNG\MRVKKO...BNBMGIG\FVGTNKOCJCT.
B@E@ONBZWPKENVZSOB\FECZNMGNO.CP[LT[ZFEGZG\TCZFTRKKQCHZOXZ
PPYGCNNPYGCN,TENEGZG[NRGI,GP[OEZLT[ZFEGZG\RGSVKOTENEGZG[NBCZFO.
CT[ZKOFEGZG\[INVGTEBCZFOF\RBKOF[\RG.FBRG[G\FKK\FPZGMH\BH
CCCNFT\KYF,MP[VIFBI\DEGNF,MPG[M\GC:"GKFKMNFBZW[VFBI\GECZKO
BIEKO".12
BR[KOFZDK[GHFB\HF,IKGCFZPGRKFCKRKFOGTOFJCT,TE
NF\ZI[G\FFV\BGPK\[NYVKX\FBDGFP[PTG\K\FZB[GRFCFKSJGZKF,
FP\GBZ\MSKVGZPDENCCN.
BPZRPZGENTPG,CGBGGRCRFNRGTKZDEGNFGR[CC\GMF,VQRVGWTNVRKMN
FBZWMZB[GRKO,GRCRFNRGPDENDEGNC\GMFTGNFTEN[PKO...GRYRFNRG
[ODEGNCBZW...
CRGBG\GDCGF...BNG[FKGPTNKONC+RKO,FKGTGNKOPPHZIG,GBNG[FKG
KGZEKO,FKGKGZEKOPPTZCG.GBORVNBEOGP\,NBFKG[PKONCOTNKG,GBO
RVNFNC+R@F,FKGKG[CKOGCGMKOGBGPZKOP\K\TNFBIZ\\I\KF.
VZYKEZCKBNKTHZ,VZYME
*CKISN[R\F\[T"B[CFBRGPXGKKOCT\M\KC\[GZG\BNF.
31 | ���ł��ł���
"PDENCCN"PSPNB\PDENFBDGFBRG[K.RPZGE,FPRFKDB\CRKK\FPDEN,PSPNB\
FZXGQNPZGE,MNGPZ,NBNXKK\NIGYFJCTFMNNK,IGYFBKHGQGFR\KRF.
P\GLZXGQNFCKQPFYGZFTOCRKTPG,FINBCZFONIYGZB\JCTFCZKBF.FGB
DKNF[YVKX\FBDG[F\ZI[FNBFKK\FPYZK\,BNBPFNLP\GMRQC\MRK\
FF\V\IG\[NFJCT.BCZFOPXB[FBDGF\TXONBMEKNFVZKECKQCRKFBEO,
BNBMEKNDZGONFONF\BIECPEZDFDCGFFKG\Z,GNDNG\B\FMGIFTNKGQ[PSGCC
B\MNFPFNLFHF.FGBRKSFNPRGTB\FIGZCQGNFSCKZNBR[KOMKXENF\TNG\
PTNF[RBFGFVKZGE.
TCZBCZFOCQ\ZI,GZBFBG\OCGRKOB\FTKZGB\FPDEN...GPBSGB\
ECZKG...GFKGZGXKONECZBK[CN[GQZTFGGNBFKGPMKZKOBK[N[GQ
ZTFG.PFT[G,NYIGBK[IZCG,GRNIPGBNGTOBNGNP[IK\.GIXKFTGNO
[ORVNCIZC.
VZYKEZCKBNKTHZ,VZYME
GCMNHB\,BCZFONBF\KKB[GFP[KLCMNMGIGNVZSOB\FIMPF[DKNF,MKKET
[K[CYZCCRKEGZGDOBR[KO[MCZC[NKONF\V\I.GMLP\BZHB\FZPC"O:
CQBZCTKO[RF,FMKZBCZFOB\CGZBG...GFKFPFNLGYGZBGPYCWFTO
PTKZNTKZGPPPNMFNPPNMF...TE[R\YCXGBNKGBNVKOGZCCG\,GFO
BR[KCK\BCZFO.G[\NCNCOFTKYZFDEGNFHF,GIKCZCGSVZKO...GFKF
FECZFGNLGP\DCZCCRKKTYGCGCRNGGKOTNKFO,GR&T<s@\CTGNOBGPF[FKB
KGET\B\F’.
FZPC"O,"P[RF\GZF",SVZFPET,FNMG\TCGEFHZF,KB=JH
NBCZFOPKGIS"SVZFKXKZF"GCGPGSCZ\FPTZM\[PRFN\B\MNFPXKBG\.MNGPZ,
FSVZPECZNBZYTNMGIBIEMNNKCNCE,BNBTNMNFPTZM\[NGG\\=FPTZMG\
FMNGNG\CF,TNMGIG\GMGIG\P[RF[EZMOVGTNFMGIFBIETNKRG.
SVZFKXKZFP\BZB\N"C)32(R\KCG\FF[VTFTNMNFPXKBG\=CBKHGXGZF
VGTNG\FPTZMG\FBNF,MKXEFQKGZEG\CFKZZMKFPEZDFNEZDFTE[PDKTG\BNKRG
GVGTNG\TNKRG.
BCZFOG[ZFB[\GF[YKTGPBPXKOZCKOCFSCZFGCVZSGOFKETFIE[FHF.FO
NKYJGSCKCOB\FBR[KO[FZDK[GMPGFO,[FIKKOFBNFRK\RGNRGZYMEK[CPFNMO
RXBNPPETNKGQKG\Z[NYKGO.ZYMEK[R[KDP\GMOB\FZGIRKG\GF[NPG\GR\YKKO
NRXICEZD\F"BEO",EGPKONMGIFTNKGQ.
NINYPFBR[KOCEGZG[TEKKQNBFKGC[NKON\VGSB\IMP\FYCNF,BCZFOR\Q
"P\RG\"MPG[RBPZ:"GNCRKFVKND[KOB[ZNBCZFO,R\QBCZFOP\RG\,GK[NIO
32|�º�œ���ł
PTNKXIYCRGCTGERGIK,YEPFBNBZWYEO".13
FP\RG\FQFKSGEG\NMNFBPGRG\
[CFQKKPXBGBR[KOBNVK[RKO,TE[KC[KNGGKDENG.
YCGX\FPYGCNKO,PP[KMKEZMG[NBCZFO,F[\P[FC[KJ\F\KYGQ[NPEFPPRG
CP[LMPFEGZG\,BLBHF\ZI[FCYZCFYVKXFRGSV\[NFBDG.FKFXGZLNDNG\B\
[KJ\F\KYGQCEZDFDCGFFKG\Z,TNVRKFBDGFIE[.
F[KJFFIE[FFHGRPSZFNYCGX\FPYGCNKOTNKEKP[F,FPYGCNFDEGN[IK
CBG\F\YGVF.P[FFGCKNBG\ONKXKBFP"DNG\PXZKO"=NKXKBFP[NKJ\FBDG
FIE[,GNKPEBG\OMKXENF\YKKO"MBK[BIECNCBIE",MINYKDGUBIE.C[N
DGENF,FINFFYCGXFNFKYZB"TO".FMKRGK"K[ZBN"PXCKTTNFZXGQ[FKFCFO
NFDKTK[Z=BNFMGIFTNKGQ,TNKEKZMK[\\MGR\FBFCFGFR\KRF[NG.
[KJ\F\KYGQ[NP[F,[FKBFP[LN[KJ\BCZFO,RYZBFF"\GZF".BKQFMGGRF
N\GZFMSVZFKSJGZKFBGMSVZPGSZMVK[P\KKISKOBNKFMKGO,BNBN[KJFGNPEZKL
N\KYGQFBDG."\GZF"*
PN[GQFGZBFGPN[GQBGZ.FPG[D"BGZ"CYCNFP[P[C[RK
PGCRKO:B.FMGI[P\YQB\FBEO,MPG[M\GC"FPBGZ[CFPIHKZGNPGJC",14
C.
F\TRGDFPPNBB\FBEO[\KYQB\FBDG.
YCGX\FPYGCNKOFP[KMFNF\V\I,GTNKEKPKPG[[KJ\P[FFO\KYRGB\MN
FZXGRG\FBDGBKSJKKO[DENGCFO.FBGZ[FOYKCNGC\GLFZXGRG\FP\GYRKORYZB
"CK\FPYE[",MNGPZ,FZXGRG\FP\GYRKO[NFOFKGG"CK\"PNBC"YGE[",C\MGR\
FBFCFGFR\KRF.
KNEKORGNEG,DENGGF\IRMGTNVK[KJ\F\KYGQ,GFVMGNCTNKF[DFZGIRK\CTXPO.
FIKRGL[NFTOFKFIKRGLZGIRK,GNBFKFKNEYJQ[NBFMKZB\FIGYKOFZGIRKKO.
CEYGPEQGTECBZ[CT...GNBPXBG\KRGYG\KRGY\,BK[GB[F,[NBFKG
CYKBKQCFNMG\JGPBFGJFZF.
\NPGECCNK,SRFEZKQXE,T"C
FPG[D"JGPBF"P\KKISNBDGBKHO[CBEO,MVK[PSCKZFIMP\FYCNF,G"JFZF"
P\KKISNMGIFBFCFGFR\KRF.GMLIKFTOCFZD[\FMGIFTNKGQ,CIKCGZGCBFC\
BIKO,TE[FBDGHKRY[GCNPEZDFIE[FGDZONBKCGEFFZD[FFHG.FRK\GYPFZD[\
FMGIFTNKGQRYZB"IGZCQCK\FPYE[",G[NKJ\FBDGFIE[RYZBF"DNG\CCN".
*"\GZF,FMGGRFNPBGZFPNGC[C\GZF.MNGPZ,PF[BPZGIH"N,CZB\KKXZFZT,CZB\K\GZF\CNKQ,FMGGRFNFPBGZ
[CF,MKFPBGZ[C\GZFPIHKZGNPGJC")CTNFSGNO,PBPZK"[PT\K",PBPZG(."F\GZFFKB\CNKQFPKGIENCKJGN
GNFMRT\FKXZFZT")CTNFSGNO,PBPZ"\GZ\FYCNFGPFG\F"(."F\GZFFGBBGZV[GJFP\V[JPPFG\GK\’,
[ZGPPG\GTEBKQYW")CTNFSGNO,"FYEP\VKIMO"(."PKN\\GZFFGBPN[GQFGZBF")CTNFSGNO,BDZ\KB(.
33 | ���ł��ł���
FIHZFPDNG\CCNGCRKK\CK\FPYE[F[RKSKPNGB\\KYGQFBDG[VZWCIGZCQCK\
FPYE[FZB[GQ,BLFVTORINYFFBGPFN[RKKO:FKG[FXNKIGN\YQB\FBDG,GFKG
BIZKO[TGXP\FBDG[NFOFKK\FDEGNFKG\ZGFONBFXNKIGN\YQBG\G.CFEZDF
DENFBDGDOCYZCPK[MQFXNKIGN\YQBG\G,GM\GXBFPMLBKCEGCRKFTOMGNGB\
FZD[\FMGIFTNKGQ,MNGPZ,RMRSGNFS\ZFZGIRK\.[NKJ\FBDGFVTORYZBFIGZCQ
FCK\F[RKGKXKBFNDNG\FBIZGRF.
IGZCQ\MGR\FBFCFGFR\KRFGF\VZXG\F[N[RB\IKROFCKBGNML[MNFTOBKCE
B\FZD[\FMGIFTNKGQ.PFCTXOYZFNRGCIGZCQFHF?RVNRGPBFC\BIKON[RB\
IKRO,FTO[NRGF\ZSY.PPXC[NIKKOCFZPGRKFGFZD[\FTGNOFTNKGQ,KZERG
N\IG[FFPXGPXP\GFTMGZFCKG\ZCPXKBG\,[RYZB\FTGNOFHF.PBHBRIRGIKKOMCZ
BNVKKO[RFCPXC[NIGSZFMZFPGINJ,GCMNNNBPGETKONHF[K[P[FGJGCKG\Z.
BCNCMNEGZFKGDOKIKEKSDGNF,PYGCNKO,[FP[KMGNFZDK[B\FCGZB.CFKICB,
FZIYPTKRKFFPGQ[NBKETTNTKSGYO,FP[KMGBG\OPYGCNKONV\IB\[KJ\\KYGQ
JCTFBEOCF\BONBDG[DEN.\VYKEOFKFNFMKQBG\FNHPQ[CGFTO[NRG
GFBRG[G\MGNFKHEYYGNF=NHPRRG.
NBGZLFFKSJGZKFVZXFIMP\FYCNFDOPDCGNTOK[ZBN,GCMNFEGZG\FDKTGFGDK
ETG\PZICKFTGNONNPGEBXNFPYGCNKO.CPBPZ"IMP\FYCNFGFVKNGSGVKF"
PSCKZCTNFSGNO,MKPYGZF[NFVKNGSGVKFCPDTKOCKQ\NPKEKFRCKBKONCKQZB[GRK
FVKNGSGVKO.IMPKFBGPG\[BCG[CZKZKZTKGRG\PQFYCNF,GPCNKN\YQB\TXPO
VK\IGPFOSCZG\[GRG\.
KGFRSZGKMNKQ)1455=1522(,FGPRKSJGCN[QDZPRK,[[KP[MKGTXGFBK[K[NYKSZ
DZPRKFGFKFPYGZCNZB[KFBYEPKFFBVNJGRK\,P\BZB\F\FNKLFHFCSVZG"TN
FBPRG\FYCNK\":
PGZK,VK\DGZS,BCKFVKNGSGVKF,MRZBFYKCNB\\GZ\GPFKFGEKOGNB
PFKGGRKO,GFGBFZB[GQ[\ZDOB\FPKNF’YCNF’,[NBFKK\FKEGTFNCRK
KPKG,NPKNFFKGGRK\’VKNGSGVKF’.
FVKNGSGVKF[NVK\DGZSRCTFPQFKOFBKRSGVK[NFYCNF.
YCNFBKRFP[BKZFBG\RGNFTCKZB\IKKRGCTVZ,BNBPTNFB\[MNRG
NVSD\FKEKTF.15
RIHGZBNMNBG\OFBR[KO[NBFKGPSGDNKON\VGSCCCNFT\KYFB\FZTKGQ[N
BCZFO.PBH[KXBGPCCNGRVGXGTNVRKMNFTGNOM[CTKOBGPG\,FOF\V\IG
CXGZFD[PK\.
34|�º�œ���ł
BOFKGR[BZKOMLNCEO,NTGNONBFKGPSGDNKONYNGJB\FZTKGQFZGIRK.GHFFZK
NBKK\MQ,[MQPJZ\FCZKBFFKBNFCKBB\MNCRKFBEONEZD\FCGZB.NMQXZKL
[GCNKXGZRYGE\PDTCKQK[ZBNNTPKOFBIZKO.
F\FNKLP\CXTCTHZ\FDEN\FBDGCYZCTOK[ZBN,[TNKFEKCZRGYGEO,GBIZKF
FTOPeZ@EPEZD\GFZGIRK\GP\VHZCTGNOCKQFTPKOFBIZKO.FPJZFFKBNTZCCCKQ
R[PG\K[ZBNNR[PG\BGPG\FTGNO,MEKNHZGT"ZSKSKZGIRKG\"CYZCFTPKO
FBIZKO.
BKLTG[KOHB\?TOK[ZBN[GYTCBDGBKHOGCD[PKG\MPGMGNO.T\FK[CKRKFO
PMRFP[G\U,BCNXZKLNHMGZ[CR[PG\K[ZBNFHZTFZGIRKMCZFGJPQ.CFKG\O
CDNG\,K[ZBN[GPZKOTNTXPO[NBNFKJPTCDGKKOPCIKRFIKXGRK\,GNBP\I\RKO
BK\O,NP[N,BCNPCIKRFVRKPK\P\ZI[TZCGC.FDGKKO[GNJKOCK[ZBNGPEMBKO
BG\O,BCNDOSGVDKOPTKQFYZRFVRKPK\PFO.
MLP\YCN\F\GXBFFZGIRK\FZXGKF:RKXGXG\PR[PG\K[ZBNIEZGNDGKKO,MEK
NBV[ZNFONFXJZUNK[ZBNC\FNKLF\KYGQFMNNKCFP[L.CSLFMGNTCZRG
CFKSJGZKFBZCTDNGKG\[CFQP\ZI[TZCGC[MHFCKQK[ZBNNTPKOFBIZKO.
NVRKFKXKBFNDNG\FBIZGRF,CPBFF[RKKFNSVKZF,RM\CSVZFHGFZTNKEKZCK
[PTGQCZKGIBKGICGZ\\NPKEKG.FHGFZ,[RM\CCBZPK\,PMKN\KBGZ[NMNFPXCKO
[T\KEFNTCGZFBRG[G\TENDPZF\KYGQFMNNK.
GNPZG\[FHGFZRM\CNVRKKXKB\G[NFTONDNG\,MCZBHRBPZCGMKFGBT\KE
NF\DNG\ZYCSGVFGNFCKBNSKGOFDNG\FZGIRK\.TGERBPZCGMKNYZB\SKGO
F\YGVFC\[[\BNVKOF[RKOFPGYXC\N\KYGQJCTFBEO,K\DNFFSVZNMN
FBRG[G\:"CBG\GFHPQ\KDNFNMGN".16
PKENBIZ[FS\KKPFM\KC\G,RDRHSVZFHGFZ.M=400,1[RFNBIZM\KC\FHGFZ,
CPBFF[[=T[ZF,FGVKTCXV\FBZ"K.B\BG\F[KJ\F\KYGQ[FGCBFCHGFZ
CBPXTG\ZPHKOGP[NKO,CKJBFBZ"KC[VFPETK\G[KJ\K\FP\BZ\NVZJKVZJKO
B\[NCKF\KYGQ.
M\CKGMGNNKO\KBGZKO[NPCRFFTGNOFTNKGQ,GPSCKZKONBEOMKXENFKMRSNPPE
FHF[NFPXKBG\.TOHB\,PMKGGQ[CHPRG[NFBZ"KFBDGTEKKQNBF\DNFCPNGB
TGXP\G,ZYPTJKOFKGPSGDNKONFCKQB\ECZKG,[MQBDGPVG\IKG\ZPCKBNKMGN\
\VKSFIEFKG\Z.
35 | ���ł��ł���
BIZKFBZ"K,ZXGPBGEFPYGCNKO[\\VZSOIMP\FYCNF,MVK[RK\QNNPGE
PECZKFO:
IMP\FYCNFPIMKP\V\K,GPK[NBZBFBGZFIMPFHGNBZBFPBGZG\
PKPKG.MKBHKCKQGK[MKNSGEBIEG\GCZGLFGBGSGEF[DI\G...GMNFVGZ[
PPRFVGZ[PFIKKOFRXIKKOFZGIRKKO.
Z’K[TKFCQBCZFOFNGKFGZGCKW,F[N"FFYEG[17
TKYZFDBGNF\NGKFCNKPGEFYCNF.
FDBGQZ’BNKFGPGKNRF,FDZ"B18
ZCK[PTGQCZKGIBKXGGIMNMLTNHF,GYGZBNTGSYKOCV[JF\GZF,[FO
K[RKOC\ZEPF...GFRFHFVZKFDNG\CTGGRG\KRGFZCKO,[[MIGK[ZBNB\
FEZLFHF,GR[BZGK[RKO,P[GYTKOC\ZEP\O,GBKQ[PKONCCNHB\...GFRF
BRIRGCPI[MKOMP\KTGNO,MTKGGZKOPP[FPD[[KOYKZ.NK[ZKONBRBGF
NNM\CEZLFHF,BNBBEZCBNVYGITKRKKOTKGGZG\.
Z’P[FIKKONGXBJG,FZPI"N19
KGETBRK[CHMG\SVZFHGFZFYEG[GM\CKFYCNF[K\V[JGCTGNOKKXBTO
K[ZBNNIKZG\,GCNKPGEHF\NGKFDBGN\RG.
Z’[NGOPHZIK[ZTCK,FZ["[20
NKPGESVZFHGFZPZGPOTNMNNKPGEBIZ.
Z’IKKOKGSUEGEBHGNBK,FIKE"B21
N[GQFHGFZFYEG[PSGDNNR[PFGFGBECZF[GGFNMNRV[K[ZBN,YJQ
GDEGN[OFGB,MNBIENVKFCR\GG[GZ[R[P\G.
Z’XCKFKZ[CQKTYCFGZGCKW22
BCNNPZG\ZXGROFTH[NDEGNKK[ZBNFNNGNF\V[JG\IMP\FYCNF,FKFTNKFO
NFNLCKQFJKVG\,NDNG\GNFS\KZ.FEGZTGENBNDPZKFC[KN.FIHZFNBZWK[ZBN
FKK\FRYGE\XKGQI[GCFGPMZT\,BCNDOCFTEKKQNBF\ZI[FVZKXF[NIMP\
FYCNFFPYGZK\NPGETG\FYFNFZIC.
ZYFKGOBR[KOP\IKNKOCFEZDFNF[\IZZPFSJKDPG\GN\VGS[FYCNFFKBNB
PKSJKYFGYSPKO,YPTG\,ZVGBG\GCZMG\NIKKOJGCKOCTGNOFHF.
FZKYRG\GFINN[RVTZGCEGZRGMNVKFIKKOFD[PKKO,F\[GYFFBEKZFNP[FGIE[
GPPNB,FCKBGNML[BRGPSGDNKOSGUSGUNFCKQ[K[MBQ[KJF[PTNFB\FBEO
NZPFBIZ\[NYKGO,[PZGPP\B\FBEOTENDGCFFMGIFTNKGQ.FC[NG\FHGPTKEF
36|�º�œ���ł
TNF\TGZZG\FR[PG\[NRG,TNEZDFIE[FNDPZK[NF\V\IG\.EZDFHGFKB
[PBV[Z\,GNK\ZEKGYPIKKC\,B\DKNGKF[NIMP\FYCNFNTGNOMGNG.
BOR\CGRQCECZKOPCIKR\\MRK\FF\V\IG\[NFJCT,F\YZCG\RGBNSGU\YGV\
F\KYGQFYXGCFFCKBFB\FBDGBKHOFBRG[KBNPEZD\GFBIZGRF.FBRG[G\RMRSF
NP[CZYKGPKMGNN,NPCGKS\GO.PFPYGOFHFP\CZZ\FRIKXG\C[KJFN\KYGQFBDG,
GBR[KOZCKOPSGDNKOMCZN\VGSB\PF[CTCZFCKRGZYKIKEKO.
HGFSKCF[MT\RI[V\[KJ\F\KYGQC[NPG\F:CTNFSGNOHMFNCBZB\SVZ
FHGFZGB\M\CKFBZ"KML[MNBIEPBK\RGKGMNNF\ICZBNKFO.NMQBPZ:"[PIBRK
[RCZB\KCEGZMHF,[MCZPG\ZNVZSOB\IMP\FBP\.GBO\[BNGRKPBKQBRKKGET
[PG\ZFGB?B[KCNMO,P[GO[RK\QNKZ[G\NDNG\".23
GMQ:"MNHMKK\KCEZLDKNGK
FIMPF,FGBPSKC\FEGZ[NK".24
�ƪ�ł���ªØ��ø��æ�����,��Œ ª��ØŒ�œ�øŁ
�º�œ æœłÆ���...���œ�º�Æ����º� ø��ł,ª���œø��ł
ø������Œ�ª��ł���ł�Æ,º�Øœ�øŁª�º�ƺ����.
Æ��æ��,���ł"ø��łø��øØ�"
I[GC[RCKQ[CKEKRGFPV\INBG[Z[NFBRG[G\MGNF,MKBRIRGCTNKF[KJF.BKQ
FMGGRFMBQNNBGPRG\"ISG[NGO",25
MVK[PEDK[CTNFSGNO,"B[ZZYFKGXBPET\G
KMGNNFZFZMHB\"=BRIRGNBJGCKOPBIZKO,MVK[INYRGBGFCKONI[GCP\GL
DBGGF,BNBCTNK\VYKEPGDEZC\MRK\FMNNK\[NFJCT.
TNKRGNHMGZ[FTO[NRGNBRGXZTNCSKSDHTBGNBGO.BRIRGBG\QR[PG\
[F\YCXGSCKCBCZFOTGECCCNFT\KYF,NPKPG[F\VKSFFZGIRK\[N"GBFC\
NZTLMPGL"[PGCKNFNDKNGKFCGZB.
FPYGCNKOPSCKZKO[PNM\IKNFFGXTF[KJ\F\KYGQNMNFBGPG\,[MQ"ECZ
\MNK\FCZKBFPGJNTNMNFPKQFBRG[KKIE:[IGZMNCQGMXFGCCNK[GOFCEN
PTKYZG".26
BNB[CBG\GHPQNBFKK\FPGMRF[GOBGPFNYCNBG\F.FBRG[G\TEKKQ
NBFKK\FHYGYFNF.P[GOMLRK\RFF[KJFNTOK[ZBN,"[TNKEKFOKHZPGRKXGXK
FFHEMMG\NMNFPKQFBRG[K[CTGNOMGNG...[KGMNGNFCKQB\FRGTOGB\F[NGGF
F[ZGKKOCDZTKQ[NBFC\HGN\G".27
TNKRGNF\IKNNF[\P[[GCCIMP\FHGFZGFYCNF,NTCGZP[RB\IKRONBFC\
BIKO,NIHGZN[GZ[FZGIRK[NRGGNFCKBB\FBGZNTGNO;NFKG\"BGZNDGKKO".28
37 | ���ł��ł���
NPT[F,HFPF[EGZ[\FBRG[G\PBK\RGPBHGPTGNO,B\FIMPFFVRKPK\,B\FBGZ
NIKKO.FFXJKKRG\[NRGCFKKJYNBPSVKYF...
FTGNONBPGETNML,GDOBRIRGNBPP[,BCNHFGFCSKSNBRJK[PKG\MNVKRG.MGNO
PZDK[KOCXGZF\\=FMZ\K\[K[CYZCRGP[FGPKGIE,RS\Z,G[BRIRGPGRTKOBG\G
PFO.NMQFO[GRBKOBG\RG.\GVTFHGPG[Z[\CJCTFCZKBF,MVK[RBPZ:"aK@EeT#
[T+s@G[GRBNKTYC".29
PKPG[IMP\FYCNFCKPKRGFKBFEZLFKIKEF[CFRGMNCBP\NHMG\NKISBIZ
PFTGNOGNIKKOCJGIKOG[NGGKO.*
ZYCTHZ\FIMPFFZGIRK\[FVMFBG\RGNTO,RGMN
NIHGZNFKG\"MBK[BIE,CNCBIE",GNCRG\MBQICZFGPEKRFP[D[D\[\FGGFB\
FPZMHFZGIRK[NFTGNO.NMQBPZCTNFSGNOMCZCEGZFYGEO:"MNTGE[NBRDCKF
B\PJZ\RGP\GLFIKKOFD[PKKO,NB\FKFNRG\YGPFD[PK\".30
PKEM[R\IKNNT[G\HB\,RHMFN\GEF,NMCGEGNFTZMFPMGNO.**
BGPG\FTGNO
BVKNGKSKKTGNRGC\FNKL,MPG[BGPZFRCKBK[TKF:"GNYIGOTPKO,GFCKBGOBN
PYGPO",31
"GFCKBGCRKLCIGXQ,GCRG\KLTNM\U\R[BRF".32
CHB\K\ICZG[RKFR\KCKO[RVZEGCCCNFT\KYF,TOK[ZBNGK\ZFBRG[G\,
G\G[NOPI[C\FCZKBF:MNFRCZBKOK\BIEGTOFMGIFTNKGQ,MGIFBFCFGFR\KRF.
�œ�łÆ�Ø�Ø,øº�ØºØł��ت��øØø��œØøł���Øø��œ���º���
œ��Øł�Æ���œ�º�œ��ł� ��ø�� Ø�Ø�œł�Øœ�łÆø�Æł�ł.ł�Ø"���,��ł�œ�,��œ�Æ
NKPGEFHGFZGIMP\FYCNFPICZCKQBR[KOPMNYXGG\\CN,NNB[GOFCEN[NDHT,
PKQ,NBGOBGE\.FIMPFFHGPD[Z\TNVTZKPRJNKG\,BGVK,DKN,PTPEMNMNKBG
ICZ\K,DOC\GLFTOFPVGND[NRG,GDOCKRKRGNCKQFTGNOMGNG.HGFKTGCEFPP[K\
*"DBGN\K[ZBNGMNPTN\K[ZBN,\NGKCNKPGEFHGFZGCVRKPKG\F\GZF.GNFKVL,MNFIGZCRG\GMNKZKE\O[NCRK
K[ZBN,FOPIP\[THCGB\VRKPKG\F\GZF,GF[VKNGPTN\FPJFPJF,GT[GBG\FMPG[FKK\FISG[NGOECZ[BKQ
XGZLCGMNN")CTNFSGNO,"FYEPFNSVZFHGFZ",BG\SJ(.
**"FKFEG\XZKMFN\\ECZIE[NDGKKO,GNHFFPFPIMKOP[KC\K[ZBNNBZW")CTNFSGNO,"M\CKFEGZFBIZGQ",
INYB,YJTKC(.
38|�º�œ���ł
[P\ZI[\NRDETKRKRGC[RKOFBIZGRG\,CYZC[RKPKNKGQ\NPKEKO[NGPEKOCPSDZG\
F[GRG\[N"YCNFNTO"CBZWGCIG"N.
DO[KRGKFKISNK[ZBNFGB\FNKLPGMI,[BRIRGTEKONGPEKKGO.BVKNGBR[KO
[FKGCTCZBRJK[PKOPGCFYKO,RKBG=RBXKOCTNKXNCKYZSG[RBF\FGPK\NKFGEKO
CB[ZFO,FVMGNICZKO[NRGCNCGCRV[,N\GPMKODEGNKOCBKEKBFFZGIRK\.*
PMNFTGNOPDKTKOZCCG\BR[KOPEK[RFNMRSKNKPGEYCNFCBZWGCTGNO,GBKQ
MPTJPEKRFTNFDNGCGS[BKQNFKKXGDRMCECFO.CMRSKOFNNGP\ICZKOMGNO
CBFC\BIKONXGZLDKNGKFCGZB,GPGMKIKOCVGTNB\BPK\G\ECZKFRCKBKOGPYGCNK
MNFEGZG\.
�º�øłØ�ø���Æ ØØøł���ª�œø�,Øœ�Æł���ØØ �œ
œÆ� �ª�œ�����Æ��Øøł��,�Øø���º�����œ���.Æ��æ��,"�ª��æ�ł� Ø��Øł�œ��æÆØł�œ",��œª
*"M\GC,[MNBIEPFBGPG\KIHKYCBK[KFGEKGKGNKMFGNBZWFYEG[F,GBKRGPSVKYPF[KGMNGNXB\PTXPO.G\CKQ
BPRO,PFKMQKCGBNBGPG\FTGNOET\GZXGQMHB\.\ET,[FGBTNKEKFVX\FIMPFFBPK\K\,[KZBGCTNKNBNYKO
BP\G\GZ\BP\")CTNFSGNO,"[GVZ[NP[KI"(.
39 | ���ł��ł���
�ø���Œ���º
"ƺ����Ø�œø���Øøł��,�º��ø� ¨�����ı,�ƺ��Ø�Øøł��
øÆØ��Æ",�Æœ��œØøł��,��º�œ,ØØœ���łœ�����,Æ���
ø��ł��Ø.��œÆ���œ��ł���Ø �º�.ºØØ���œ���łºŒºÆ�� Ø
ø����Ø�œ��ł�œ.���ł�����ªºŒ,øºœ�Æ, ����œ�æØ���
Æœ��œØøł��.���ºœ�Æ, �������æØ���Ø�.
�ø����Œøº�æ����º,�ø�غ�غ�����ت��.ºø�Ø�
�����,�تØØœÆ���º���ł�� Ø��Œ.º�Ø��
��œ,�øœØØ,�ø��ø���Ø.Æ����ł� , œł���غ�
��Œ,�ø�ØŒ��œ��Œ�غ�������ł�Œ.��ł��Œ,��
��œ�Ø ºø�ł���Ø,øØ�œÆ��ºŒ�� Ø,���� Ø��Œ�º�
Æ Øغ�Ø,��Æ�ø��œ.
ºø�Ø���Ø,ł���œøØØœø�ºÆœ����ł.�Øł�ºÆ�ª
��ºÆ�����,�Æ�ø�œø���Œ �ª,�ªø�����œ��Œ
ÆتØ�,��Ø��œ,�ÆØ��غ��,� øÆ��,ø��ØØ�łª�� ��ª
����,���Øœł���� .
ºŒ�Æ",ƺ���øº æœØøł��ØØœÆ���œ,ºø�Ø����,
Ø�Æ����ł�� Ø��Œ.��œÆ���œ��Ø �º�,����Æ"
Ø���ÆتØ,�Ø�Ø��œ,�Øœł���Ø,�ØøØÆ��œ�غ��".
��ł��,�łøœ�Ø�ł�,��œØ�œ��-��
ƺ����Ø�œ��ª��œł�Ø ����œ����œ�����ł��łıØøł��,
ł�Ø �����ł��ªł�ł�� Øœ��ªºøØØ �Æ���œ.��Ø��Ø�,º��
ºÆł��º������,�Æ�� ��Ø�ł����œ���œ.
�ª��?ºØÆ���œ��ł� œ��Æ �����ª��º�ºŒ,ø�Ø�� �ł���
��º�����œ�� �.º����º,� � �øº�ÆØÆ��ł,ø���Ø
40|
Æ�ø�Ø�œ.øł�ØØÆ��Ø���� �Ł,�Øغ��ł�Æ�ŁØ.�ł� �œ�
��œ�œ�Ø ØØ, ł�������Æ��ł,�Æ�ÆØ œØØ��ł
�æ���œ�Ø Ø �.
�Æ�Ø ł�� Øœ,"���œ"Ø���Æ�œ�ª,ł���� Ø����-
ºø� Ø�ł�Øøø�æł�Ø�Ø��Øø�º����Ø��.غ���Ø�œøØø�Ø
º���Æ�Ø �ø�Øœ,�Æ�� Ø�ł�Øøø���ø��º��.ø���
�æ����œØ.��?� Ø��Ø�ª�,�Æ���ø� Ø�ł�Øø.��Ł�Æ
�Ø.Øø�ØÆØœ,�ł æŁ�Æ,� Øغ��� æ��� ��ø,�ŁØØ�,�Æ��œ,
Øø�Ø�ÆłØ,�ƺ���œ,�ø��æł...
ƺ�ª�ł�œ��ª�Ø�Ø�łÆ���œŁ�Æ��Øœ �.����œ,�ØØ
ø� ��ØØ��ºØ,�ƺ���œ�æłŁ�.łØ� �œø��ł�øœØ�
�ÆØ���œ ���Ø��Ø�ø�朜ł��łØ�æ��"Ł����ł��ºØŁ�Æ
’",ø��œ���Ø�Ø� ����Æ�غ�œł��.
��Ø �����œ�œº����Ø��øÆ�ł���œ �,ø��ÆØł��œ �ƺ�
œ�ØŒ�,���øŒ��œ ��ºøØ�Æ��ł��Ø�ªłŒø��’ÆøÆØ�
�� Ø�Ø?’.ø����Ø�º������Ł�ºª�ł��ł�.� ���
Æ, œł���ø�Ø.
���ø,��ŒºÆłÆ�����º.� � �ø�ÆÆ�łı,æ�ł��ł
ºÆłœ��-��Œº���ł����Ø�œ��º���ł.�æł
ł�œø��œ�Æø���º...
41 |
�ł�4
æ������łÆºªØ�ÆØ��œªÆłØ��ł�ª�ø,�łØŒøØØ�ª �Ø
��Æ���Øœ...��łœØø��Ø��œ,�æœØł�œ�æ�œ��œ�œ
��ØœØ�œ,ø ���ÆªÆłØ��ł.
Æ��æ��,���łØ"ø��œØ",���ł�Ł33
SKVGZG[NSVZFHGFZP\IKNNVRKM=800,1[RFCPTZFYJRFGI[GMFCVYKTKQ
[CDNKNFPTZCK,[CFPS\\ZKOZCK[PTGQCZKGIBKGCRG,ZCKBNTHZ,PVRKFYKSZ
FZGPBK.CP[L[NG[T[ZF[RKOFOPMKRKOB\TXPONM\KC\FSVZ[T\KEN[RG\
B\VRKFFKSJGZKF.
F[RKOIGNVG\,ZCK[PTGQGCRGP[NKPKOB\F\KYGQ[FKFTNKFONT[G\GKGXBKO
PQFPTZF.SCKCZCK[PTGQP\YCXKO\[TFPYGCNKO,GKIEFONGPEKOGMG\CKO
B\FHGFZ.
"GMLBRKPSEZB\MO,ZCKBCBKM\GC,GZCKBNTHZCRKKNPGECVF,G[BZ
FICZKOKEGCCGCNCO".
SVZFHGFZ,VZ[\FBHKRG,BEZBHGJB,BG\MH
43 | æ�������ł
CKQ\NPKEKG[NZCK[PTGQCZKGIBKFKFPYGCN[RKIQCMK[ZGQPKGIE,ZCKBCB.FGB
FKFFKIKE[KETBKLNM\GCB\ECZKPGZG,ML[KFKGDNGKKOGRS\ZKOMBIE.SVZFHGFZ
PMRFB\FMK[ZGQFPKGIEFHF"DKNGKCZHB"=DKNGKCSGE.*
FBDEFPSVZ\[M\CKFHGFZRDRHGGFGS\ZGCPTZFCBHGZXV\,GMTCGZMPFPBG\
[RKOFOF\DNGTNKEKTZCKO\G[CKFBHGZ.BNF[PIGNPXGBRKKZ,[FKFPXZLREKZ
CBG\OFKPKO,GF[\P[GCGNXZMKO[GRKO.BIEPIMPKXV\[YRFEDKOC[GY,REFO
NDNG\B\TZMGFREKZ[NFM\GCTNRKKZFTJKVF[CGFGD[NGFED[YRF.PKETO
FDKNGKFINNZMG[B\MN"RKKZG\FTJKVF"[FKGTEKKQHPKRKOGBSUBG\ONSVZ.
PF[RG\ZPSVZFHGFZFGBINYYJQCNCEPQFPYGZ,GFGBTCZPEGZNEGZCI[BK
CKQFPYGCNKO.TEN\IKN\FPBFF=14CSVZE,M[BNPR\G[NFPYGCNZCKP[FEK
NBGQ"KZ[FFM\CKEPCTNF,GMRZBF[NBDKNFNFMNGOPBKSGZFF\DNG\,GTNVK
PYZFR\RFBG\GNPMKZFMRGET".34
K[FJGTKOGPKKISKONZCKP[FEKNKBGQB\M\KC\FHGFZ,BLMVK[PSCKZKO
FPYGCNKOHGFKJTG\DPGZF:"GFRFMNFPXGKKOBXNSVZFHGFZFYEG[,MNGPZ,
FPCKRKOPF[M\GCCG,FSMKPGVFBIE,[SVZFHGFZFYEG[IKCZG,F\RBFBNYK,ZCK
[PTGQCQKGIBK.IGWPFZIGYKOPIMPFHG,[K[PFOFPVYVYKOCKKIGSGHFGRGJKO
NGPZ,TNSPLPT[KG\CEGKG\,PP\RDEKFIMPFFHG,[PICZGFGB,FPYGCNZ’P[FEK
NKBGQ,BGBIZKOFSPGMKONGCHPQ")CTNFSGNO,"FYEPFNSVZFHGFZ",BG\RJ(.
PBHFKFSVZFHGFZCRPXB,BCNZYCEGZRGFGBCBP\P\DNFGHB\CHMG\VKZG[G
[NCTNFSGNO.CTNFSGNOPSCKZ[FEGZ[NCTNKFHGFZFKFFEGZFKIKE[CGFG[DF
F[NPG\FRMSV\,MNGPZMN125FPEZDG\FZGIRKG\,GPMKGGQ[DOEGZRGXZKLNFDKT
NBG\FF[NPG\,RK\RFNGFBV[ZG\NV\GIB\FHGFZ.
"PJZOKPG\FP[KIBKBV[ZNHMG\CMNYM"F~125|FPEZDG\...IGWPZCK
[PTGQCZKGIBKGEGZG,EFKKRGCTNKFHGFZ,HMGNMNYM"FFPEZDG\C[NPG\,BU
TNVK[FKGNVRKKPG\FP[KI.GTNMQRPXBFZCFVTPKOCHGFZ,[NBKFKFMEGZ
FHF[NZCK[PTGQCZKGIBKTEEGZG[NPNLFP[KI.GNVKMLT[FIKCGZGFDEGN
ZG[OIHYMNMLCTGNO,MKSGEG\F\GZF[CG\GVSKOYGP\MNYM"FFPEZDG\.
*"PXKRGCSVZFHGFZ,[Z[C"KXKGFB\ZCKBCB,[FGBKM\GCB\FSGEG\,P[GO[KGETNDNG\CZHB...TNMNZHGZH
[DKNFZ[C"KCSGEG\FIMPF,FKFCGMFGBGPZ,BGKBOBDNF,BGKBONBBDNF...VKZG[,MKFKFXZNGPC’XEEKO,BO
NBKDNFSGEG\F\GZF,BHKBCEGFSGEG\DOPIMPKOFBP\KKOKZBKF[O,GBOKDNFFSGEG\,BHKM[NGCFOBKR[KENB
PTNK,[NBKCKRGFECZKOC[GZ[O,GKCGBGNBMGNVDF.TNMQCIZZ[C"KCZCKBCB[FGBKM\GC,C[CKNIMP\G
CPNBM\FPNKXF,NSEZFECZKOCBGVQ[KFKGPDGNKOCMNXZMQNMNBG\O[FPFMEBKONFCKRO,GKFKGPMGSKO
GI\GPKONBG\O[BKROMEBKONFCKRO.GHF[BPZ,[KGETZCKBCBNDNG\CZHB.MNGPZ,[BUTNVK[PDNF,PMNPYGO
R[BZCSGENPK[BKRGMEBK")CTNFSGNO,"V\KIFMGNN\",BG\B(.
44|�º�œ���ł
GNVKMLBPZGCHGFZ[SVZFHGFZNBK\DNF,BNBCBIZK\FKPKO,EFKKRG
CKPG\FP[KI...GP\GL,[RDNFFHGFZCEGZRGHF,FZKHGFGMIFCZGZF,
[BRIRGRPXBKOMCZCKPG\FP[KI,C\IKN\G[NBG\GFEGZ,[TNKGRBPZ:
"GPNBFFBZWETFB\F’".
CTNFSGNO,"PBPZNSKGOFHGFZ"
�Øł�øæ��
YZB\KFCKBGZC[O"FSGNO"NFGZG\,[\VYKECKBGZKFGBC\VYKEMN
SGNO,[BOK[NLTNKKFPNBFMNJGC,BKRLISZBNB"SGNO"NTNG\
CG,GBHMNJGCFTGNOCKEKL.
CTNFSGNO,"FYEPFNSVZFHGFZ",BG\RI
BKQMNJTONV\GIB\SVZFHGFZCNKVKZG[FSGNO.RM\CGDOVKZG[KOBIZKOTN
FHGFZ,BCNVKZG[FSGNOFGBFVKZG[FPG[NOFKIKE.FGB,GZYFGB,FSGNO[KMGN
NFCKBBG\RGBNF[NPG\.PEGT?MKCTNFSGNOFDKTNMN125FPEZDG\[PFQM\CG
CTNKFHGFZB\FSVZ,F\ICZBNKFO,GPBG\GFDGCFV\ITCGZRGB\FHGFZ.
VKZG[FSGNOP\BKOB\FHGFZNR[PG\[PGVKTG\MKGOCTGNPRG.MLKMGNG\FR[PG\
[NRGNTPGEPGNF"HGFZ"="HKFZBTKNBF"=PGNFBGZFTNKGQ,MEK[KIHKZBG\RG
NPGJC,NIKCGZCKRKRG,[CGP\DNFFCGZB.
FSGNOTGHZNRGNCRG\B\TXPRGCYGFBPXTK,ML[FXGZF[NRG\\BKONXGZF[CF
FBGZFTNKGQPDKTBNKRG,GRGMNNYCNBG\G.*
FYGFBPXTKHGFRGSIF[TNVKFBRIRGXZKMKON[NCRMGQB\[RKFMGIG\[RPXBKO
CJCT:MGIFCGZB=FR\KRF,F[VT,FBGZ,GMGIFRCZB)FBEO(=FZXGQNYCN.CRKK\
FYGFBPXTKFKBMNTCGE\FBEO,GCFPS\MP\MNFCIKZFFIGV[K\[NRG.
CTNFSGNOPP[PMGGQB\FZBKKF[NRG,B\FDK[FGFFZD[F,MEK[ECZKFHGFZ
KTCZGCRGCYGFBPXTK,C[CKNFHFC.
*CN[GQFYCNFRYZB\FXGZF[CFFBGZPDKTBNKRG"[K\GUPKE\FZIPKOCEKQ".NFZICF,TKKRGC"PCGBNSVZFHGFZ"
PB\CTNFSGNO)BG\KG\NG=NI(.
45 | æ�������ł
[V\FHGFZPNBFP[NKOD[PKKO,BG\OPCBZVKZG[FSGNO.*
"FSGNO"PSKKTNRG
N\VGSB\FHGFZCXGZFZICFKG\Z,ML[RZDK[[FJYSJYZGCBNKRG.
MBPGZ,SVZFHGFZFDKTBNKRGNBC[NPG\G,GVKZG[FSGNOP[NKOTCGZRGB\PF
[ISZNRG.CTNFSGNODO\ZDOTCGZRGB\FHGFZPBZPK\NTCZK\,IKNYB\FHGFZ
NVSYBG\GNPBPZKO,GFGSKUNGVKZG[KO,FYEPG\GFSCZKOPYEKPKO.**
NBRG\ZNRGBNBNTNG\CPEZDG\FSGNOPFTGNO[NRGGTETGNOBKQ=SGU.
æº��œ�ª��ت�ł�Æ��æ��
CTNFSGNOVTN,[BEOV[GJ,BOFGNLCEZMG,KMGNNHMG\NDKNGKFCGZB.
FZC"[,EZDG\FSGNO,PBPZ"VTKNG\DEGNKFBGPF"
M[FINCTNFSGNONFGXKBNBGZB\M\CKG,FGBHMFNFSMPG\RNFCG\PMNDEGNKFEGZ:
CBIMOBNYK,ZC\CGRG\,BGXZYGE[...GFKK\FZGIF’TNKGNICZPICZ\
FYGE[...NBP\F[N\GZFCKSGEG\BP\KKO...B[ZKKGNE\G.
FZBK"FYGY
FMFQFDEGNCNKPGEFYCNF,GPVGZSO[PG.FZCKGSUIKKOHfRRVNE
KFKZXGQ,[KVGXGPTKRG\KGIGXF...NFGXKBMNSVZKG,IKEG[KOTNBzP]v@\
F\GZFGSGEG\KF.FZCIKKO[BGNFMFQEGGKY
PFRMCEFKGOCFDNG\NRGBGZFCFKZ,SVZFSGNOTNFHGFZFYEG[...GB[Z
PKEF’TNKG,F[MKNFZCFDBGQFPYGCN...[ZCK\FHGFZ.
FZCKTYCP[FIZN"V
FBKZTKRKIMPKOCECZKFHGFZFYEG[...[FGBSGNOPGXCBZXFGZB[G
PDKTF[PKPF.FZCCQ=XKGQPBKZIKTGHKBN
*"SVZKFYCNFGFHGFZPNBKOP[NKOD[PKKO,TNMQRVNFVIE,[NBKXB[MZGCFVSEG...GFKB[FTKZRKNT[G\CKBGZ
PSVKYTNM\CKFBZ"KH"N,GT\FTNFHGFZFYEG[,GFSZ\KFVIEFHFNDPZK.MKCKBZ\KGFGMI\KCTNKNB\FRP[N
FZGIRK[NMNECZ,[FGBPGV[JPMNEPKGQD[PK,NPTNFPFPYGOGNPTNFPFHPQ,MPG[KZBGFPTKKRKO.NPTQNBV[Z
NMNFPGQCK\K[ZBNNNPGESVZFHGFZ,GNF\IPOCBGZGFYEG[")CTNFSGNO,"FYEPFNSVZFHGFZ",BG\RI(.
**"MNFCKBGZKOTNSVZFHGFZ[YEPGNRG,NBCKBZGBVKNGT[ZFBIGHKOPFPYGPG\FY[KOCHGFZ.GDOCPYX\[CKBZG,
S\GPKOECZKFOMPTJMECZKFHGFZTXPG.GCEGZRGHF,HMKRGNVKZG[FSGNO,[FGBCKBGZPNBTNMNECZKFHGFZ.
GPNCEHF[BKRGPRKIECZS\GOCMNFHGFZCNKNVZ[G,BUDOFCKBGZKOPKGSEKOTNVKF[MNFTKGRKFV[GJ,[MN
PTKKQCKRGRKKMGNNFCKRO")CTNFSGNO,"PBPZNSKGOFHGFZ"(.
46|�º�œ���ł
B\SVZFHGFZRK\QFKFNF[KDMCZYGEO,BNB[FBR[KONBFCKRGTNPFFGBPECZ.
\VYKEG[NSVZFHGFZMPM[KZNDKNGKFCGZBFGBFECZ[FKFRS\ZGMT\F\DNF.
VKZG[FSGNOVG\INRGB\FKMGN\N\YQB\TXPRGGNDNG\B\FCGZB,GHGFSKCF[FGB
FCKBNF\DNG\FHGFZ.GPMKGGQ[FGBSKKOBNVK[RG\FS\ZF[NSVZFHGFZ,FSMPG\
RNFCG\MBNGGBIZG\35
NBBKIZGNCGB.
FECZKOFCBKO[RPXBGCKQM\CKG,PSKKTKONFCKQGNGCPTJPFFKK\FPEZD\G
FTXGPF[NCTNFSGNO:
GKBPZF’BNKK:[BZDNL,GNLNLPPGNE\L,*
BNBZWFIPEF,BZWFBCG\
FYEG[KO,GBT[L[ONIMODEGNGTXGO,GRCZMGCLMNDBGRKFBZW,MKBG\L
CIZ\KNXEKYGIMOCMNFEGZFHF,NPTQ\ZVBB\[CZFBRG[K,CK[GTF
[NYKKPB.
RCGB\G[NCTNFSGNO
GFRFCZXGQTNKGQ,HMK\KNTKCGZR[P\FBZ"KH"N...GNBBGMNNFBZKLCTRKKQ
HFPVRK[BKQEZMKCHFNECZCRVNBG\.
CTNFSGNO,BDZ\NJ
��ł��
IMP\FBP\,CEGPFNIMPG\FIKXGRKG\,XZKMFNFKPSZEGZEGZ,GMN
EGZPGSKUBKHFIGNKFTNYGEPKG,GCHFFGNM\FIMPFGP\V\I\.GKIE
TOHFRT[K\PGM[Z\NF\V[JG\ZICFKG\ZCKQFFPGQ.
CTNFSGNO,PBPZ"\GZ\FYCNFGPFG\F"
FRKSKGQFZC[RXCZC"YCNFNTO"CNKPGEGFGZBF[NSVZFHGFZ,FCKBBG\RG
NFINJFNBYNFN[RG\CPYX\B\FXGZFFIKXGRK\[NFD[\FJYSJNYGZBCQ
HPRRG.RGMIRGNET\[ZYBR[KO[ZDKNKONNPGE\GZFKMGNKOND[\NHGFZTOVKZG[
FSGNOCXGZ\GFPYGZK\,GBKNGCVRKFXKCGZFZICRG\ZFHGFZISGO.
K[NMLMPFSKCG\:ZB[K\,NPZG\[CTNFSGNO\ZDOB\FHGFZPBZPK\NTCZK\,
FGBFG\KZPKNKOZCG\NBP\GZDPG\.[RK\,NB\PKEFJYSJFPYGZK\GBOB\MNNK
FEYEGYFRFGDKOCKPKRG.[NK[K\,F\GSVG\F[GRG\[PGVKTG\CDGVG[NFJYSJ,PZBK
*CTNFSGNOFKFBHCVGNKQ,JZOTNKK\GBZXFC=.1921
47 | æ�������ł
FPYGOFPZGCKO,SGDKFDGVRKOF[GRKOGMEGPFDGZPKOYG[KDEGNNTKQ[BKRFPGZDN\
CSDRGQFM\KCFF\GZRK.
YG[KFYZKBFDZONYGZBKOZCKONFRKIB\FSVZPKEO,GNFZIKYB\TXPOP\KYGQ
FR[PF.BIZKNCJKOZCKOFDTRGCSGVG[NECZNFINJF[P\GLRIKXG\NYZCB\
FHGFZNTO,IGCFTNKRGNTCEB\FJYSJFPYGZK[NPGZRGFDEGN,CTNFSGNO.T[KRG
HB\CHFKZG\ZCF,PCNKNDZGTPFJYSJECZPFG\K,ISG[NGO,G\GLCKXGT[KRGKKO
[NXGZFIKXGRK\CNCE.
NTK\KOM\CCTNFSGNOB\VKZG[GCKQFPKNKO[NFHGFZ,GNTK\KOFGSKUVKZG[
ZICKG\ZBIZKPKNG\FHGFZ.FRKSKGQ[NRGPZBF[CYZKB\FHGFZZXGKNMNGNMBIEDO
B\FJYSJ[NFHGFZ,DOB\VKZG[FSGNO[CDGUFHGFZ,GDOB\VKZG[FSGNO
[NBIZECZKFHGFZ.NMQMEKNFYNTNFYGZBB\ZXUFJYSJGB\KMGN\FTKCGE[N
FIGPZ,BKIERGCKRKFO.
NFPI[\FECZKORK\R\MBQEGDPFNJYSJ[NFHGFZP\GLVZ[\"BIZKPG\".
\IKNFPGCBFJYSJFPYGZK[NFHGFZ,[ZGCGMMGNGCBZPK\.BIZKGPGVKTHGFZTO
VKZG[FSGNO,GNCSGUPGXD"HGFZNTO"=PF[T[KRGMEKNYZCB\FPYGZFBNGYK,
B\FBGZFPIHKZNPGJC,BNKMO.
��ł
��ł��Øł�øæ��
XE(V\IZ’IKKBGMG’:VZ"IGBPZ,PF[FKFMCZFGBGB[ZNFKG\GDG’.PF[FKFMCZ
FGB,FKKRG[NPERG,PJZO[CZBFYC"FTGNOFHF,FKFCGZBTGNPG\GPIZKCO[F"S
[CKZ\FMNKO,TE[TNFCZXGQ[NFYC"F,NCZGBTGNOFHF,GRGTWTOF\GZF.[F"SYG
48|�º�œ���ł
FBPXTK.BHFGBR\\YQC\YGRKG,GR\TJZCTJZG\KG,GCZBTGNOHF.GMNPF[RPXB
CTGNOFHF,FKFBHNVRKG,CT\FCZKBF,GR\\YQNVRKG.
XF(G\BRBMNBKRGQGMG’:GNPERG,MNBNGPRFKDKFTGNOFRPXBKOCMNEGZGEGZ,PJZO
[CBGNTGNOFKGRPXBKONVRKFYC"FCXGZG\KFO.GBVKNGMNBNGR[PG\CRKBEO,TE
[NB\CGBRFNTGNO,MGNQIYGYG\NVRKGCZYKT,CBG\FFXGZFPP[,[FOCTGNOFHF.
GMNPF[NGPEG\CTGNOFHF,KGETG\FMNCJZO[\CGBRFNTGNO...
VKZG[.MKCT\CZKB\FR[PG\,CTGEONPTNF,PJZO[CBGNTGNOFHF\I\FHPQ,FO
RPXBKOCCIKR\FRXIKG\[NPTNFPHPQ,B[ZFKFFGFGKFKFP[P[KO[OCC\BI\
MJCTFRXIKG\,GRPXB[MNFPT[KO[KT[GFR[PG\CHFBIEHF,M[KCGBGCTGNO
FHF,MCZFORPXBKO[PFCC\BI\.GH"[)CBG\X"F(MNBKRGQR[P\KQGMG’CFFGB
EKGYRBPP[EBKRGQCFBKTNPB.EFKKRG,MPT[KFOCTGF"H.
��ł��
XE(PF[FKFMCZFGB,GB[ZNFKG\.PF[FKFMCZFGB,PJZO[CZBFYC"FTGNO
FHF,FKFCGZBTGNPG\GPIZKCO,[HFTRKKQ[CKZ\FMNKO,TE[TNFCZXGQ[N
FYC"F,NCZGBTGNOFHF,GRGTWTOF\GZF,YGFBPXTK.BHFGBR\\YQC\KYGRKG,
GR\TJZCTJZG\KG,GCZBTGNOHF.GMNPF[RPXBCTGNOFHF,FKFBHNVRKG,CT\
FCZKBF,GR\\YQNVRKG.
XF(MNBNGPRFKDKFTGNO,FRPXBKOCMNEGZGEGZ,PJZO[CBGNTGNO,FKGRPXBKO
NVRKFYC"FCXGZG\KFO.GBVKNGMNBNGR[PG\CRKBEO,TE[NB\CGBRFNTGNO,MGNQ
IYGYG\NVRKGCZYKT,CBG\FFXGZFPP[[FOCTGNOFHF.GMNPF[NGPEG\CTGNO
FHF,KGETG\FMNCJZO[\CGBRFNTGNO...
MKCT\CZKB\FR[PG\,CTGEONPTNF,PJZO[CBGNTGNOFHF\I\FHPQ,FO
RPXBKOCRXIKG\[NPTNFPHPQ,B[ZFKFFGGFGKFKFP[P[KO[OCC\BI\MJCT
FRXIKG\.GRPXB,[MNFPT[KO[KT[GFR[PG\CHFBIZHF,M[KCGBGCTGNOFHF,
MCZFORPXBKO[PFCC\BI\.GHF[M\GC,MNBNGR[PG\CRKBEO,TE[NB\CGBRF
NTGNO,MGNQIYGYG\NVRKGCZYKT,CBG\FFXGZFPP[[FOCTGNOFHF.EFKKRG,
MPT[KFOCTGNOFHF.
MVK[RK\QNZBG\,RKSKRGN[CGZMPF[KG\ZB\FPIKXG\[PVZKEG\CKQFHGFZNCKQ
FTO,GNFXKDPFEGZFPYGXZ\GYNFKG\ZNYZKBF.MN[RG\ZFGBNFKSIUGN\\NPKNKO
[NFHGFZNFGCKNB\MO,GFGBK[YFB\MOMPTKKQ[NPKOJFGZKO.
49 | æ�������ł
BO\GMNGNFKTHZC"HGFZNTO"MEKNFMKZB\SVZFHGFZGNF\ZDNNYZGBCG,GBIZ
ML\XNKIGNTNG\NVKZG[FSGNOTXPG,FZK[TCGE\RG\FKFMSGNOBNVKZG["FSGNO".
ø���œł�� Ø�œ�ª���œ,øØ� �œł�œł���ª��Ø����Ø Ø,
���ØÆ�œ��Ø�œł�ºøØ�,ƪł��œø� �œ,�º���.���łØªªÆłØ
ø�Ø� ø�ÆØ��ł����,�ª���ªØ�Ł�ł�Ø��� Øœ,-
�łØŒ����øłł���ª����ªØł,��æ� �œ�Æ�����ł��œ,øł���
œœł�ƪ�,�œœÆłłø�,�ªºªØ�ÆØ�ªÆłØØ�œł����Ø
Ææ� ����������łØ�øØÆ �ø�œ����œ.ł�Ø"���,��ÆØ���,��’��ª
50|�º�œ���ł
��Æœ�Øæ��Æ��ł�œ�Œæ�ł"�ı�ØØ"ø��ł"Ø�ª�ø,��-16
�Ø�łØªÆłØ�ø��ł�"�Æ�ª�œ���"ø�ł�ª��œ"
� ØØ�øÆ�øœ�����øÆ�œØœ���Ø,ºØ����œ�ł�����łÆ�
ÆØœ��ªøØ �, �łÆ�Ø�����œ"��ª’]504,1[ø Ø.�º��º�
�Ø�Ø��ªØØ��øØ���Æ�.� �ª�,øº�ª�ł,ø�� Æ ÆØœ��ªø
ÆØ�Ø�,º�Ø�� �łÆÆØ�Ø�.
���łœØ�� œ�łŒ���œØ �.����œØœø�ÆÆæ�ł��ł)ÆœØ�� Ø,
œØ����’(:���ø��ł��Ø�œØØ��Æ�º�œ�Æ����øØ�œ
œ�łØÆø,��Ø�,øƺŒ��ł�Ø� Ø�œ,�łÆ,ÆØ�,ł�
���ƪ�Æ���.�ł���øØ��æœ��,ł����ªø,ł���º��ÆØ ,
ł������Æ�ł,ł��ª�œ�Øł�œ’.
º��æªø��øØ,������øØ,���æ�ØÆœ�ł��� œ
��Æ�æØ���ØłÆØ.���Ø�œł�øØØøØÆ�œ,ª��ØÆ��øØ
�� øت�ł�����,Æ� Ø��ª��ł�ø�Æø�Ø,º��øºœ�Æ:"� �ø
� ��ø".����ł���ł)Æ�łøœÆł�øØœ(�łÆłÆ.
�Æ�-�ø���œ� Ø�Øœ���؜؜ø�œ�ł
ƺ�Ø�Ø�Æœ���Ø���œ�ł��łÆ,��ºł�œ,��Ø��ÆłØ�œ
���Æ� ø�œ�ł.ºØÆØ�œ��æ�ØÆ����øŁØ�Ææ��łØ�ƪ,Ø�
��ÆøœÆ�ªØ��� �œ,�º�����œØ��ł��Øøł��,�œ�łœº
�œ�łœØ �,���œ�łœºæ��łØÆÆ�Ø���.�Ø���Æ��œ�ł�ª��
��.��º���Ø����Æ� ø�œ�ł.��Ø ��æ�ØÆ�º�œ�Æ�,
øØ� �œ œºÆ�ª�œ�ł.ºØ��łØºØ���œ,�º�ł��œ
�œł�ø�œ�Æ��Æ���.
Ææ�ł��ł���ł��ºŒłÆØø����:"��Ø�����œ��ªø���ł,ºØ
œ�łÆ��æ�łæ��łØÆ�øŁ�œ.æØ��ł�øÆœ�ł���Æ�ø
ø�œ�ł,��Øø��øÆø��œ��Æ�ø��œ�ł��ø,��Ø�Æ�ªÆł
��ł,œØ��ł���,���ØØ���������Æ�".
51 |
ºØÆ�øŁØœ�ł�Ææ��łØ�ÆªØ Ø�Æ���œØÆØ�œº�øŁ�Ø�
Æø�غł�تØ��ت��œÆ�ł�,�ªłÆØøÆ����œ
����Øø�Ø�ª�œæ�Æ�.
����œ��ØÆ�Ø��ª�Æ�
���æ� �Æ�º�œ�Æ�ØØœ�œ�łÆœ����,ºØº��œ��Ø
Æ�æ��º���œ,�� Ø�œ ���œ�æ�Æ,Ø���ł�œ�Ø��ł
��غ�ÆÆ ØØ�ÆØœ��ªø �...łØ�Æ��łÆ�Øł�ø,ø�Ø��ªØ���تØ
��Æœ�Æ�æ���ł���ø ���ª�œ���ªÆ�ƪ,�����
���ØÆ��æ��ƺ�غ��œ�ÆæœłØœ�ł�Æ��ø�łºÆ,ºØ�Ø� �
��Æ"�º��øÆł�Æ�����,ł�ÆØ�œÆ Ø���æ�ØÆł�Øœ�ł,
�ºØł�ª��œ��Ø��Ø�����œ�.
�Ø��Ø�º��º��
æ�ł��ł,�łøœ�Øł�:"�ºøØØ�ł�Æ�Ø��œ�øØ�,��Ø��
œØ ���œøÆ���,�œØªØ�����æ�ª�œ�º�".łØ�Æ��ł,ºØ�ª
�œ,Ø�ªÆłØ�º�œ��ł ���œ,�ƪ�ł��ł��œœ���œœ�łæ
�º���œ,�ØÆØ ��ØøºØ��Æł�Øœ�ł,ø��øØ����ª�Ø��Ø �.
52|
���Æ
ÆøÆØ�Ø Æł����
�ł�5
��Ø��œ��؜؜"ØØ �º����Ø"
œ�Ø�º�,�
FRG[BFPGZMCGFPZ\YCKG\Z[Y[GZNSVZFHGFZGNIKKOCMNN,FGB\VKS\FPXKBG\.
SCKCRGYKKPKOFZCFDNKO[BRIRGNBPZDK[KOTM[KG,BCNYKKODO[EFMGNN[N
PKET.PEGCZC[EF[NPKETTNKGQ[RYZB"FJCTFTNKGQ"BG"FCGZB".BRIRGKMGNKO
NF\Y[ZNBG\G[EFGNYCNPPRGFMGN=FZD[FGFCRF,KEKTF,BFCF,FZD[\IKKO
RXIKKO,FZD[\F[NPG\[K[RFC[EFFHF,[PPNBFMGNSCKCRG.
MNPJZ\F[NIMP\FYCNFFKBNNPEBG\RGBKLNV\ICRGMNKYNKJFNBG\G[EF
PKETTNKGQ.BV[ZNT[G\HB\ZYEZL[KRGKVRKPK[NRG,GNMQM[BRIRGPDKTKONHF,
BRIRGRT[KOCTXPRGMPGBG\G[EF=MPGFCGZB.BKQECZV[GJKG\ZPHF.F[EF
RPXBMBQ,SCKCRG,BNB[BRIRGBJGPKO.NBYGNJKOBG\G.
BKQECZKG\ZJCTKPNF[KDPDTTOCGZBG,MKFGBCTNFJCT.GCBP\K[
NMNRCZBPDTTOCGZBG,MPG[M\GC"PNGBMNFBZWMCGEG",BNB[BKRG
KGETGPZDK[HB\.GFHGMFNY[ZTPGBKRGR\GGSUNGZYFKEKTFNCE,MPG
FBEO[K[NGBGXZCMKSGGBKRGKGET,GCBBIEGFGEKTNGPF[K[NGCMKSG,
B[ZCBP\T\FR\T[Z.
CTNFSGNO,"M\CKFEGZFBIZGQ",INYC
55 | �� Ø�œ��؜؜
BRIRGRPXBKOCIGSZFMZFMNVKFCGZB,MNVKFPXKBG\FBPK\K\.PP[MPGBEO
[RPXBCINGO,IGGFMNPKRKPBGZTG\GREPFNG[FGBTZ,MLBRIRGC\GLFTGNOFHF.
C"FYEPFNSVZFHGFZ"PEPFCTNFSGNOB\FPXCFHFN\GNT\[RGNEFC\GL
XRGQGIG[C\[MNFTGNOFGBFXRGQ[CGRGNEF.MLBRIRG,IKKOC\GLFTGNO[NRG
GNBPZDK[KO[K[SCKCRGTGNODEGN,RBGZ,BEKZGKVF.[ORPXBKOFPYGCNKO,
FBR[KO[MCZF\TGZZGPFINGONPXKBG\FBPK\K\.NECZKFO,PF[BRIRGPZDK[KO
TM[KGRYZB"FTGNOFPEGPF",GZYM[R\TNFPPRGRGMNCBP\NFCKQ[YGEO
"FKKRGMIGNPKO".
ØæØ� �œ�� Ø�œł�Æ�œ�ª�Ø,�Ø��łÆ�œł���ª.ł�Ø"���,"��ł�œ��� ",��’æ�
SVZFHGFZP\DNFMEKNFSCKZNRGBKLN\VGSRMGQB\FPXKBG\,GHFCMNNNBPYZK
[DOFPETPBG\\NRG[FPXKBG\FKBFZCFKG\ZDEGNFGT[KZFPPF[BRIRGPSGDNKO
NYNGJTM[KG.PETRKOBGPZKO[K[BKHGBRZDKF[IGZF,[K[MNPKRKM\PKONCRKOBG
[IGZKOCKYGO,[K[PPEKOBIZKO[BRIRGNBKMGNKONFZDK[CIG[KRGBGNV\I
PM[KZKO[KYNJGBG\O.
BRIRGDOIGYZKOKXGZKOBIZKOGZGBKOTEMPF\VKS\FPXKBG\[NFO[GRFP[NRG.
ECGZKO,HCGCKO,EGCKO,XVZETKO,RI[KOGBVKNGMNCKOGI\GNKO[RPXBKONKERG,
\GVSKOB\FPXKBG\BIZ\.MNCNP[N,\GVSB\FTGNOCTKYZMM\PKZKI,\PGR\
FTGNO[NFECGZFFKBSMGOFPZBG\[P\YCNKOCMNBI\PFKIKEG\FZCG\
[PZMKCG\B\TKRKF.
KXGZKO[GRKO\GVSKOB\FPXKBG\BIZ\,BCNMGNO\GVSKOB\FPXKBG\CSGVG
[NECZ.BKHGPXKBG\?[BNFJGCF...GTGE[BNF:BOKISZNBEOBIEFIG[KO,FGB
KYNGJPXKBG\VIG\F=GPFBONBKISZNGIG[,BNBKFKFNGIG[RGSU=FBO
FGBKZBFPXKBG\DEGNFGZICFKG\Z?KMGNNFKG\[MQ,F[BNFFKBZYBKHFIG[?
TM[KGBRIRGPZDK[KOB\FTGNO,GBRIRGKMGNKONFDKE[ISZKONRGP[YVKKOBG
PM[KZ[PKTF,MKBRIRGKGETKOPFHFNZBG\BGN[PGTJGC,VIG\BGKG\Z.BCNBO
BRIRGNBKGETKOBKHFIG[RGSUISZNRG,BKLRGMNNZMG[BG\G?MPG[BRIRGNB
PZDK[KO[ISZFNRGBXCT[K[K\CMUFKE,MLBRIRGNBKMGNKONFZDK[[ISZNRG
IG[[K[K,GNMQBRIRGIKKOCTGNO[NRGNNBXGZLCFZD[\FPXKBG\FBPK\K\.
BCNCGBGRTXGZNZDTGR\CGRQTNTXPRGPFXE:BRIRGIKKOCTGNOMPFT[ZG\
[RKO,PFFKFNVRKMQ=BRIRGNBKGETKO,PFKFKFBIZKMQ=BRIRGDONBKGETKO.
56|ÆøÆØ�Ø�Æł�����
GBRIRGDONBKGETKOPFYGZFCBPXT=CPFNLIKKRG.BKQNRGPG[DPFKYZFCTGE
ZDT,GPBKQCBKOFZXGRG\GFPI[CG\[NRG.BV[ZNGPZ[BRIRGRPXBKOCBKHG[FK
TNJF,BNB[C\GMFK[NRGPTKQ\IG[F[YZK\MHG[BRIRGPCKRKOG[GNJKOCP\ZI[.
CEGZG\FYGEPKOFKGIKKFBEOV[GJKO.BR[KOEBDGNBGMN,F[\ENGNFTCKZB\
IKKFOCRGIG\PYSKPNK\,FGNKEGKNEKOGFGZK[GNFOB\TPNO.FKNEKOFP[KMG
CBG\GPSNGN,GMLEGZBIZEGZ.M[IKKRGCXGZFMHG,CBP\NBFKFXGZLNET\PF
YGZFSCKCRG.
BCNMKGOP\TGZZG\CRG[BNG\TNFIKKO.F[BNG\FBNFPRTRTG\BG\RGPCVRKO
TE[BRIRGMCZNBKMGNKONFKZDTGNFP[KLNHZGOTOFIKKOM\PGN[N[GO.BRIRG
P\IKNKONFZDK[[CNKNET\C[CKNPFBRIRGIKKO,BKQNECZKOJTO,GHFPF[EGZ[
PBK\RGNDNG\B\FPXKBG\FBPK\K\.
ºªØ��æØ�º���Ø��æØ��ªØ�ƪłŒ�ª�Øœ-ł���º�œ
�Æ�� ��łØºØ!ºØº��º��œøÆ���º����œÆ�º�œ�Æ�.Æ��æ��,"���ł�Øł�œ"
MEK[RGMNNFCKQCK\ZYNG\B\FIKEG[[NIMP\FYCNFCRG[B\VKS\FPXKBG\,
RSYGZCYXZFB\FEZL[CFF\V\IFTOF[RKODK[\FPETNRG[B.
FDK[FFYNBSK\[PKKXDRKGJGQBPZF[FTGNOYKKOCVRKTXPGCNKMNY[ZNBEO,
GMKXGZ\G[NFTGNOYCGTF.BIZMLCBBKKR[JKKQGDKNF[FTGNOFGBFZCFKG\ZZIC
PPF[BRIRG\GVSKO.F\VKSF[NRGFKBKISK\G\NGKFCIG[KO[NRG,GNMQBRIRGNB
KMGNKONGPZPFGCEKGYFTGNO[PIGWNRG.FMGN\NGKCXGVFFIGYZB\FPXKBG\.
FDK[FFPETK\FPGEZRK\N\VKS\FPXKBG\,FPCGSS\TNFVKHKYFFYGGRJK\,
DGZS\MKFBEOP[VKTTNFTGNOGM\GXBFPMLFGBP[VKTTNF\PGRF[FGB\GVS.
\PGR\FPXKBG\FKBPTKQPPGXTCKQ\MGRG\FXGVFNCKQ\MGRG\FTXOBGF\GVTF
[FGBYGNJ.
MEKNFCKQB\FECZKOJGCKG\ZR\CGRQCEGDPFPGMZ\.CBGNOZICKEKKOTGPERGBO
TNFCPFGPZXFCVRKYFNPBHKRKO.FO[GPTKOB\ECZKGTNKEKML[DNKOPDKTKO
P\GLFZPYGNKOBNFBGHRKKO[NFOGEZMQBNTGZF\GU.BIZML,FDNKOTGCZKOEZL
PRDRGQI[PNKGPRDRGQMKPK.NBIZPMQP\CXT\CEKYFCPGIFBOP[FGEGPFRPXB
C\GLFHKMZGQ,GCF\BONHFFGBPVTRIB\F\GVTFFBNYJZG=MKPK\FHB\.
BOMQ,NVKFDK[FFPETK\FPGEZRK\\PGR\FPXKBG\PXJKKZ\C\GMRG.BKQNRG
BV[ZG\NGPZECZTNPF[YKKOPIGWNRG,MKNTGNOBKRRG\GVSKOB\PF[PIGWNRG.
57 | �� Ø�œ��؜؜
IMP\FYCNFPYEP\BG\RGXTERGSU.MCZNVRKBNVK[RKODKNGFPYGCNKOMKN@TGNO
BKQNPT[F[GO\PGRF.
C"PCGBNSVZFHGFZ"BGPZCTNFSGNO:"NP[N,IG[FZBKKF[NRG,[BRGZGBKO
NVRKRGTGNODEGNTRYK,GMNPNGBGFRFEZ,FZKCBP\BKQBRGZGBKOMNHFBNBZY
CVRKPKG\RGTXPF.MNGPZ,CPGIFBIGZK[NRG,K[[PFMTKQPMGRFVGJGDZVK\FPXKKZ\
NRG[PFMNFRZBFNRG,GNBMNGOPIGWNRG".FGBPSCKZMKC\GLPGIRGYKKO"MTKQ
ZBKPNGJ[,FPFVLNRGMNECZFRZBF[O,[RZBFBG\GPIGWNPGIRGPGNVRKRG".36
MEKNFPIK[B\FECZKO,REPFB\FBEONYGVSFSDGZFGCFIPK[FTZGXKMRKSF:
TKRKKO,BGHRKKO,BU,VFGKEKKO.BKCZKOBNFPKKXDKOB\IP[\FIG[KO:ZBKKF,
[PKTF,ZKI,JTOGPK[G[,[EZMOFBEO\GVSP[FG[K[MCKMGNPIGWNG.
EZLIP[\FV\IKOFNNG[CYGVSFRMRSKOVRKPFMNPKRKDKZGKKO.MGNOP\ZMHKO
GTGCZKOTKCGEKO[GRKOCKISNPKETFPXGKCHKMZGQ[NBG\GBEOGCKISNZXGQ[NG.
F\GXBF[P\YCN\FKB\PGRFMN[FK[NFPXKBG\,GFKBPGYZR\TNPTKQ"PSL
YGNRGT"[RPXBCKZM\KFPGI.
\Z[KO4
CMGGRF\IKNFRGXZRGCBGVQ[FIG[KO[NRGKGXZKONRG\PGRFB[NKK\K\[NTGNOFRPXB
MCKMGNPIGWNRG.PEGT?MEKNBV[ZNRGNNPGENBJNBJPFKCBP\\PGRFIKXGRK\.
58|ÆøÆØ�Ø�Æł�����
�机�ØØœØÆ��œ���� ��Ø,��Ø�������ª,��������
�ªØ�Ø��ø�Ø��ł����Æ.��ł��,�łøœ�Øł�,��œł�Ł
BOBRIRGZGXKONF\IKNNF\YEOPPXCRGFRGMIK,NFZIKCB\FPXKBG\[NRG,NET\
BKVFBRIRGRPXBKOGC[CKNPF,TNKRGNJVNBLGZYCPF[RPXBC\GMRG=CZXGQ.
TPGYCVRKOKG[CFZXGQGFGB[PVTKNB\MNMNKFYNKJF[NRG,MPGDOB\F[MN
GB\FPI[CF.
NVTPKOBRIRGRPXBKOCPXC[BRIRGMBKNGNBZGBKOB\FTGNO,FGNMKOC\GL
TXPRG,SDGZKO,NB[PKONCNPF[YGZFSCKCRG.PFYGZFNRG?FZXGQ[NRGPRG\Y,
MPGCIGSZFMZF.NVTPKOFZXGQ[NRGFGBMNMLDEGN,[FGBDGZONRGPP[NCNGT
CTKRKKOB\MNFTGNO,GNVTPKOFZXGQ[NRGMC&F.NPFBR[KOPHEYRKO?MKFOMCZNB
ZGXKONYNGJB\FTGNO.Y[FNFO,GM\GXBFPML,FDGUPVSKYNTCGE.FBP\FKB
[MCZPBPXTIKKRGBRIRGP\IKNKONETGL,NPG\CFEZDF.HFFZXGQ[NRG[EGTL
GPBCEB\FMGINRGTYEKPF,NBFDGU.BR[KO[P\IKNKONF\V\IZGIRK\,PYCNKO
BRZDKFGZXGQNF\YEPG\,GPZDK[KOMPGKNEKO=\PKEPNBKOZXGRG\,YPKOCMNKGO
CMGIG\PIGE[KO.
FZXGQFGBHF[PTGZZCRGXZMKOGYGCTB\PF[RZBFBGNBRZBFSCKCRG.NP[N,
BEO[FVLNFGZF,P\IKNN[KONCNRGMIG\Q[NIRGKG\TOPGXZKON\KRGYG\CMN
VKR\ZIGC.FIRGKG\FKG[ODOYGEO,MPGCQ,BLPVRK[NBFKFNGXGZLCFQ,FGBNB
PP[FCIKQCYKGPQ.
CBGVQJCTK,FZXGQ[NRGBDGBKSJKGFGBPMGGQBG\RGNYNGJZYB\PF[JGCNRG
)BGB\PF[TNGNNDZGONRGRHY(.MMN[FBDGP\V\IGBK\GDOF[MN,BRIRGPCKRKO
KG\Z,\GVSKOKG\Z,[GNJKOKG\Z,GCF\BONHFP\ZIC\\VKS\FPXKBG\[NRG.
BCNNBP[RFTEMPFFKB\\ZIC,CSGVG[NECZF\VKSFFHGPGDCN\PBGE,
MKGGQ[FKB\NGKFCSLFMGNCIP[\FIG[KO[RG\RKONRGB\FZD[\FIKKOFDGVRKKO.
FDGU[NRGBKRG[GRFPDGVO[NMNCTNKFIKKO,GNMQF\VKSFFHGPGDEZ\M\VKS\
FPXKBG\CEZD\FIK.BKLRGMNN\VGSB\FPXKBG\FZICFKG\Z,[NBPGDCN\TNKEK
FBDG[NRG?CHFCEKGYTGSYSVZFHGFZ=C\VKS\FPXKBG\CEZD\FBEO.
PF[BRIRG\GVSKOMT\TNKEKFZXGQ[NRG,FHKMZGQ[NRGGIP[\FIG[KO[NRG
RYZB"FTGNOFHF".PMKGGQ[FZXGQGFHKMZGQFO[NRGCNCE,BRIRGPGDCNKOM\BKO
CGEEKO.MEK[RGMNNFZDK[B\MNFPXKBG\,B\[EFFPKETFTNKGQ,TNKRGNF\ICZ
BNFZXGRG\[NFBIZKO,[MCKMGNRPXBKO"PIGWNRG",BCNNPT[FFOINYKO[NRG.
59 | �� Ø�œ��؜؜
CPKNKOBIZG\,MEKN\VGSB\FPXKBG\FBPK\K\TNKRGNFINKUB\FZXGQ=NTCGZ
PFZXGQFVRKPK=FBDGBKSJK[NRGBNFZXGQFIKXGQ.
\Z[KO5
GCB[ZNMNN"GBFC\NZTLMPGL"=NBPEGCZCIGYPGSZK[CBNIKKCBG\RGNBFGC
PK[FG,BNBFGBV[GJBPXTK[CTHZ\GBRIRGPICZKOBNKRGB\FPXKBG\MGNF.
CEZLMNN,BRIRGBGFCKOPK[FGPSGKO,B\F[RKVIG\GB\F[NK[KBRIRG[GRBKO
=KISMHFRGCTPF\IG[F[FORPXBKOPIGWNRG=BCNMB[ZBRIRGPXNKIKONICZ
BNKRGB\MNFINYKOFBNF,BRIRGFGVMKON[NPKOGPZDK[KOB\FPXKBG\FBPK\K\.
NPFRCZBRGCXGZFMHB\,[BRIRGPRG\YKOPFPXKBG\FBPK\K\?MEK[BRIRG
CTXPRG,RICZNBJNBJB\MNFINYKOFBNF[NRG.C\FNKLFHFBRIRGNGPEKOIGYKO
G\GVTG\[RPXBKOC\GLFPXKBG\FBPK\K\,GTNKEKHFP[\GGKONCGZB.
CPKNG\KG[NCTNFSGNOP\GBZKOFECZKOML:
GNBISZNLMNGO,BNBNNYJMNBNGFBKCZKOFPEGNENKO[F\ENENGPR[P\L,
GNXZUBG\ONDGUBIE.GCDGUF[NOFHFK[ZFF’[MKR\GC\GMGCYCKTG\CNK
FVSYMNN.GFPCGT[N\CGRFZCF,GRINKOTNKGRKO[NBGZ,KFKGMPTKQ[NB
VSY.GMNPYGO[\\QTKRKLCG,K\CZL.
CTNFSGNO,BDZ\E
60|ÆøÆØ�Ø�Æł�����
\VKSFRMGRF[NFPXKBG\I[GCFNRGPBGE.HFNBTGERG[B\KBGZJK[CBNSVYNRG
\GMQPVGNVNN[KIG\SNGQ.PF[BRIRGZGBKO,HGFT\YFPF\MGRG\FVRKPKG\[NRG
CNCE.FCTN[OJGCEKCZFZCFTNFTGNOMPZB@F[NFBEO:
PK[ZGBF[GOZTCICZG,FTRKKQFGBMPG[PS\MNCPZBF,BOVRKG
PJGRVKO,ZGBFDOMQCPZBFML,GBOVRKGRYKKO,BKRGZGBFCPZBF[GO
EGVK.MPG[FGB,MLZGBF.GHFGGBFC\NZTLMPGL.37
º��Æł�����º��º�Ø�Æ�:"º��ø�� øØ�,��
�ªł�Æø��Ø�".Æ��æ��,���ł"��œ�º�œ�Æ�"
\VKS\FPXKBG\FKBRG[B[PEDK[FKJCB\FFCENCKQIMP\FYCNFNCKQ
FVKNGSGVKF,FE\GFPET.
IMP\FYCNFFKB[KJ\NKPGEPT[K\FPGCKNFB\FBEO[NCBIZ[NCNBGZL
FF\V\IG\FBK[K\[NG.CEGPFNMN[KJFPETK\BIZ\,FYCNFPGZFNIGYZPFTNKG
NCXT,BKNG\GXBG\TNKGNYCNGBUPSCKZFNGB\FSKCG\NML.FKBNBTGSY\MNN
C\KBGZKPXCKO\BGZJKKO,PXCKO[FBEONBKGMNNCXTCTXPGCVGTNGCFMZFPNBF.
BGVRKFMZ\FPXKBG\PIGNYKOC"PCGBNSVZFHGFZ"38
NBZCTZPG\:IGPZ,XGZF
[CIGPZ,XGZFPGV[J\GPFG\.MPGMQPGDEZKOFDCGNG\[CKRKFORK\QN\VGSB\
FPXKBG\CXGZFRMGRF=F\VKSFCIGPZGCXGZFPNGC[\CIGPZ.
B\FFCIRG\[NXGZFPGV[J\GPFG\NBRK\QNYNGJCXGZFCZGZFGPCGYZ\,GNMQ
FHGFZBKRGTGSYCFQMNN.NTGP\HB\,FVKNGSGVKFMQERFCXGZFFPGV[J\,GFE\
TGSY\CPFG\.IMP\FYCNFRCEN\BOMQPFVKNGSGVKFGPFE\CXGZFPGINJ\CML
[FKBTGSY\ZYCPF[PG[DCXGZFZKBNK\=PETK\.*
*BIEFPYGCNKO[FEDK[ZCG\B\FFCENKOCKQIMP\FYCNFNCKQFE\FKFFZPI"N:"FXGZLCIMP\FBP\ZCFGB.
\IKNFBGPZNL[BRGIKKCKONET\BG\F,MKPXGFFKBTNKRG,[MQM\GC,’GKET\FKGOGF[CG\BNNCCLMKF’FGB
FBNYKO’GMG’,FZK[IKKCKOBRIRGNKETCKEKTF,GNBCBPGRFCNCE,BNBCECZKOFP\K[CKOTNFNC,MPG[RBPZ
CVKZG[’GF[CG\BNNCCL’...BOMQ,[RKECZKOXZKMKOBRGNET\,[FBEGQFKIKEFGBFP[DKIGPRFKDFMN,CKQ
CTNKGRKOCKQC\I\GRKO;GF[RK=[BKQBIZISG[NGO,GFKKRGNET\BPK\\KIGEG.[RKFECZKOFBNF[XZKMKOBRG
NET\,BPGZNKB\FPBKQRETO?GBKHGIMPF\GEKTONRG?
PIMP\V[JF\GZFNBRGMNNFCKQB\HB\,MKTNPFSGCCV[JF\GZF?ZYTNFPXGG\,TNBGVQT[KK\OGMN
P[VJKFO,BGTNSKVGZFPT[KO[FKG,B[ZPGHMZKOCF...GBOPMNBNFNB\GXKBKEKTFHB\,TEKKQPGJNTNKLNYKKO
PXGFHG,GXZKL[\PXBEZLNYKKPF.GBKQHFMKBOCIMP\FBP\FHB\")FZPI"N,MNNKSVZPNIPG\P[F,MNNB(.
61 | �� Ø�œ��؜؜
GPFCKQIMP\FYCNFNPET?K[EGPFGK[[GRF.FEGPFFGB[FBEONBPEPKKQB\
PF[RMRSN\GLFZXGQ,BNBIGYZBG\G.F[GRFFGBSGDFZXGQ:FPETFBZXK,FPET
[NFTGNOFHF,IGYZB\PF[RMRSN\GLFZXGQFVRKPK=FBDGBKSJK,GBKNGIMP\
FYCNFIGYZ\B\PF[RMRSN\GLFZXGQFIKXGQ.
CYCNFFPIYZP\IKNZYNBIZ[FBEOP\ICZBNZXGRG\FBIZKO.IMP\FYCNF
RYZB\IMP\FBP\,P[GO[FKBIGYZ\B\FPXKBG\FBPK\K\GNBB\FPXKBG\
FPEGPF,[\NGKFGPGDCN\TNKEKFZXGQ[NRG.
CPETFBZXKBEOKMGNNFKG\BK[BMHZCKG\ZGKIETOHFFPETQFDEGNCKG\Z,
GBKNGCYCNFFPIYZ\NGKCPKEF[CFBRIRGP][\RKO.MMN[RGMNNXB\PBFCF
TXPK\NBFC\FHGN\,RXNKINIYGZB\PF[RPXBPIGWNRG.
BKBV[ZNFCEKNCKQF\KYGQ[NRGNCKQF[D\FIMPF,GZYCPKEF[BEOP\YQB\
TXPG,FGB\GVSB\MNFPXKBG\.125PEZDG\FF[DFFZGIRK\FQNPT[F125
PEZDG\[N\KYGQFY[ZCKRGNCKQMNFBIZKO.
HFKMGNNFKG\BEO[NBKGETYZGBGM\GCBGPETQPCZKY,JKV[DPGZBGP[MKN
DEGN=HFCBP\NBZNGGRJK=ZYM[BEOP\YQB\TXPGMNVKFHGN\,FGBRT[F
CBP\IMO.GHFNB[NIMP\FYCNFNBXZKL[MN,BNB[PEGCZTN[MNBIZ,[MN
[PDKTM\GXBFP\KYGQFZXGQ.
MEKN\VGSB\FPXKBG\FBPK\K\,B\TGNOFBP\,TNKRGNXB\PTXPRGFIGXF,
GNF\IKNNFMKZB\PF[CBP\YKKO.GBHRDNF[FIKKONB\NGKKOCDGU[NFBEO,
CIG[KO[NG,CZXGQFVRKPKFBDGBKSJK[NGBGCHKMZGQ[NG.FIKKO\NGKKOZYCPKEF
[CFFBEOPSVINTXPG,PY[ZNTXPG,B\MNPF[RPXBMCKMGNPIGWNG,B\
FZXGRG\FHZKO.
CTHZ\SVZFHGFZ[PSVYNRGMGIG\NPP[B\IGYFJCT[RYZB"GBFC\NZTL
MPGL",BRIRGP\TNKOPFPXKBG\FPEGPFFHB\,BN\VKS\FTGNOFBPK\K.GBHFDGU
FD[PK[NRGKMGNNPG\GHFNBPVZKTNRGNFP[KLNIKG\CTGNOFBPK\K.FIKKO
FZGIRKKO[NRGPP[KMKO,MKBRIRGMCZIKKOCZXGQDEGNKG\Z,RTNFKG\Z,G[OCTXO
RPXB"FBRK"[NRG.
��ªØœ��Æ�����ª��łŒº��ø�ł����ª,��ªł�œ�Æ��Ø��œ
º�Ø��ºł�œ,��ØªØł�Øœ�ł.��Ø��Ø�Øغœłø�º��ª�º���.ł�Ø"���,"��ł�œ�ªø"�,��’�
62|ÆøÆØ�Ø�Æł�����
�ł�6
ÆøÆØ�Ø Æł����º���æ�,Æ������æ�
œ���ªÆÆ�Ø,�ت�øØ��,�"Æ
NBCPYZFRGXZRGMKXGZKOF\GVSKOB\FPXKBG\MPIGNY\N[RKINYKO,BRKGPF
[PIGWNK.BOF\VKSF[NRGFKK\FVRKPK\CNCE,NBFKKRGKMGNKONTGNONF\ZGPO
PTNFBDG[NRGBN\MGR\FBFCFGFR\KRF.FKKRGR\YTKOCPYGOBIE,PS\GCCKOSCKC
FHRC[NTXPRG.
FRFEGDPF[\CFKZNPFFMGGRF:NMNBIEPBK\RGK[RJKG\BDGBKSJKG\MPG
[NKJFGDBGGFCZPFHGBGBIZ\.M[PEGCZCRG,BRIRGNBMNML[PKONCBNKFQ,BCN
M[BRIRGZGBKOBIZKO[VGTNKOP\GLEIUN[NGJBGNF\DBG\,HFTNVKZGCPZDKH
BG\RG,GK[NRGPFNFDKETNHF.
63 | ÆøÆØ�Ø�Æł�����
PNM\IKNFFGJCTGCRGEIKKFG[RBFMNVKBIZKO,MEKNBV[ZNRGNBNFKG\
P[GIEKOGNFDEKZCXGZFIMPFGCKYGZ\K\B\FKIS[NRGNRJKG\FNNG.FBDG[NRG,
MPG[GVJPIPKZGIEFCIRF,TGHZNRGNIYGZB\FZT[P\DNFNTKRKRGBXNBIZKO,
N[VGJBG\GCK\ZEKGYGTPYG\,NFDKTNMNVZJGVZJ.
F\VKSFFIKXGRK\FZB[GRK\VG\I\NRGB\FTKRKKO,PBV[Z\NRGNHFG\ECZKO
ZTKOYGEOMGNPIGWNRG,GZYNBIZPMQNFCKQ[CBP\FMGNRPXBC\GMRG.TNHFRBPZ
"MNFVGSN,CPGPGVGSN".BCNBRIRGT\KEKONDNG\[HFNB["FFGB[\NJQGFFKB
DBGG\RK\"GMQFNBF,BNBHFBRIRG[ZGBKOBG\OML,CDNNFZXGQFPYGNYN[NRG.
º�œº�Øœ ł��Æ�ł��º�ÆłØ��øłÆł�,Ø�� �œ� Æł�Ø�,
ƺªØøØºØł���ØœØ�œ���ª��œ�,�Ø�Æ���� �º�Ł�Æ� ��øºØ�Æ�ª.Æ��æ��,"�ª��æ�ł��ł",��œ�Ł
MBPGZ,FZXGQFGBFDGZO[PTXCCRGB\\VKS\FPXKBG\.MT\RRSFNFCKQPBKNG
INYKOCRGKFZXGQ,PEGTRGXZRGEGGYBML,GMKXERGMNN[RG\B\FPXKBG\[NRGNJGCF.
TNFEZLRDNFPEGTP\TGZZG\CRG\IG[G\MPG[RBFGBFCFMNVKFSGCCKOBG\RG,
PFDGZONRGN[PGIM[NPK[FGZTGNYRBM[F[MQYGRFPMGRK\IE[F...GCMNN,BO
\MNK\FCZKBFFKBNF\YZCNJGC,NPFRZBF[MNFHPQZYRT[FKG\ZZT?
SVZFHGFZPSCKZ[NPT[FBRIRGRPXBKOCPTZM\PG[NP\[RCZBFTNKEKFCGZB.
MNIGPZFCZKBFFGBZXGQNYCN,GFPTZM\FPG[NP\FKBCTXOFZXGQFMNNK[RCZB.
FZXGQFHFRYZBDOFR[PFFMNNK\BGR[P\BEOFZB[GQ.BCNB\FR[PFFMNNK\
[CZFCGZBNINYKYKOZCKO.CMNBIEPBK\RGRPXBZYINYKY[CGZPFR[PFFMNNK\.
NVRKF[CKZFMGNRGFZD[RGCPTZM\FHGMBCZKO[NDGUBIE.FMGNFKF[NOGNNB
DCGNG\,GP[GOMLFPTZM\RYZBFBHTGNOBKQ=SGU.CTGNOBKQ=SGUPIGCZKOMNINYK
FPTZM\CBFCFGPNBKOCBGZ.BNB[FCGZBFJKNTNFPTZM\FHG125"PSRRKO"
)FS\ZG\,FTNPG\(,ML[TM[KGBKBV[ZNFZDK[[K[[OBGZ.HFMPG\PGRFKVF
[FGRITNKFRKKNGQTOM\PKO,GPTNKGTGERKKNGQTOM\PKORGSVKO,GTGERKKNGQ,ML
[F\PGRFFPYGZK\FGNM\GRS\Z\.
BRIRGRPXBKOC[MCFFIKXGRK\CKG\ZGBKRRGPZDK[KOMNNB\F[MCG\FYGEPG\,
GNMQFY[ZCKRKRGP[GC[NDPZK.CPYGO[RZDK[B\FBFCFFPICZ\BG\RGCTGNO
BKQ=SGU,K[CKRKRG[RBFGEIKKF.BRIRGNBPZDK[KOB\FY[ZFMNNKCKRKRG,BRIRG
PVGZEKOGPRG\YKO.FCGZBZGXF[RIHGZCTXPRGEZLMNFPSRRKONPXCFJGCGFPGBZ,
NTGNOBKQ=SGU.HGFK\MRK\FF\V\IG\[NFCZKBF,GFKBPIGNY\N[NG[FPXCKO:
64|ÆøÆØ�Ø�Æł�����
lPXCB’FGBFPXCFZB[GRK)TGNOBKQ=SGU(
lPXCC’FGBFPXCF[CGZ)FTGNOFHF(
lGPXCD’FGBFPXCFPG[NO[TNKRGNKXGZCTXPRG)IHZFNTGNOBKQ=SGU(
\Z[KO6
HFEKEGPFNPF[BRIRGTG[KOTOFKNEKO[NRG=PXKKZKO\PGRF,DGHZKOBG\F
NINYKO,GBHRG\RKONFONFZMKCB\FVBHN.\FNKLFFZMCFPV\IB\FKNE.
M\GXBFPF[CKZF,CTGNO[NRGFZXGQ)F"MNK"([NMNBEORINYN[RKINYKO
TKYZKKO:
lMNKOVRKPKKO=[GZ[,R[PFGDGU
lMNKOIKXGRKKO=NCG[GFKMN
B\FMNKOFVRKPKKO[NKBRKPZDK[M"BRK",MTXPK,GNMQBRKEGBDNFO.B\FMNKO
FIKXGRKKO[NKBRKPZDK[MHZKO,MNGPZNB[NK.FMNKOFVRKPKKOGFMNKOFIKXGRKKO
PRGDEKOHFNHF,GNMQMMN[BRKBGFCB\FMNKOFVRKPKKO[NK,MLBRK[GRBB\FMNKO
FIKXGRKKO[NK.
PEGT?PVRK[CKQ[RKSGDKFMNKOFNNGTGCZ"DCGNF[CKZF"=PTKQPIKXF
[DGZP\NKNFS\MNFIGXFZYCXGZF[N"PFBRKKMGNNFGXKBP[OMEK[KFKFNK
65 | ÆøÆØ�Ø�Æł�����
JGC?PFHFRG\QNK?".FKBPIKKC\BG\KNF\KKISNBIZKO\PKECXGZFBDGBKSJK\,
P\GLZXGQNRXNBG\O.
\Z[KO7
BRK\PKEPTZKLB\PXCKTNVKFFCENCKRKNCKQMNFTGNO.GNMQ=PV\KTGPGHZMMN
[HFKK[PT=MPF[KG\ZZTNTGNO,MLKG\ZJGCNK,C\RBK[HFNBPFGGFSMRF
NCKJIGRKFBK[K.
BRKNBKMGNNSCGNPKNGKCMNKOFIKXGRKKO.BRKNBKMGNNFK[BZBEK[MNVKFBIZ
BGNF\RFDMBKNGNBBMV\NKPPRG;GM[FGBPXNKI,HFPMBKCNKPBGE,PP[FGZS
BG\K.MNFHPQBRKTG[FF[GGBG\.BONP[NBRKPZGGKIT[Z\BNVKO[YNCIGE[
GFSGCCKOBG\KPZGGKIKOMIP[\BNVKO[YNCIGE[,BRKPZDK[SKVGYBEKZ.BCNBO
PK[FGPZGGKIT[ZKOBNU[YNCIGE[=BRKI[BMHCFDEGNF.BRKNBKMGNNF\R\Y
PFPI[CFFHGGNFS\VYCPF[K[NK,MKI[GCNKPBGE[NBIZKOKFKFVIG\.
BRIRGNBPSGDNKOV[GJNF\TNOPFMNKOFIKXGRKKOFBNF,MKBRIRGMQPZDK[KO
BG\OM[KKMKONRG.BONBFKFCKRKRG[GOY[ZBHPKNB,BCNF[CKZFKXZFCKRKRG
Y[Z[NKNK.ML[DOBONBT[KRG[GOECZZTHFNHF,MGIF[CKZFFGVLBG\RG
CTXONBGKCKO.
66|ÆøÆØ�Ø�Æł�����
�ªø��øƺ�ÆłØ�œ�����,øº���ª��œ ����ª� ���º�
ÆłØ�œ�œ���œ��łŁØœ,ƺ�����ØøÆłø�œ�,��Æ�Ø���œ
Æ�øÆ��º��ø��Œ�ØÆ �œ����łÆ �ø��Æł�.Æ��æ��,���ł"ø��Æ���"
FFCRF[NBKLFECZKOFNNGTGCEKOI[GCFPBGE,MKFKBP[P[\NRGMNKN[KRGK,
PRGUNF\V\IG\.R\CGRQCTGEMPFEGDPBG\,[EGGYBP[GO[FQYKXGRKG\PBGE,RGMN
CTHZ\QNIEEB\FCR\FTRKKQ.
FJZGZKSJ[\MRQB\VKXGWPDENKF\BGPKO,BIZK[RGETGNG\GXBG\PT[KG,PZDK[
CTZLML:"ZY[NG[\BNVKOBK[RFZDG?ICN[NBKG\ZGHFPDKTNFO,NBPZKYBKO
FBNF!".PFYZFNG?FGBZGYQB\FMNKOFIKXGRKKO[NG,GF\PNBCVRKOC\IG[F[N
ZGGIDEGN,[NIDKDF.
MNXGZZKFBRG[G\VTNGP\GLEIUVRKPKNKXGZVTZCKQFMNKOFVRKPKKONMNKO
FIKXGRKKO[NFO.DZPRKFFRBXK\,NP[N,NBFKK\FKMGNFNFS\VYCPKPG[
FVGJRXKBNFBRG[KFDCGF[NFTOFDZPRKNKXKZ\PEKRFP[D[D\CVRKTXPF.NB
GNB.RGXZCFEIUNFKG\PTNFBIZKO,N[NGJCFO,NFZGSBG\O.ZYBHFKB\ZDK[
CBP\DEGNF.
FBDGBKHO[NFBEOPZDK[[NFZGDB\FBIZ,N[ZGUBG\G,NRXNBG\G,N[NGJCG,
HF\TRGDTCGZG.HGF\GXBFPMGIF[CKZF=FBEOPHKYNTXPG,NMNKOFIKXGRKKO[NG,
BCNFGBNBKGETB\HF.M[FGBKDNFPBGIZKG\Z[MNFZT[F[\ENNT[G\NBIZKO
FKFCTXOZT[DZONTXPG,K\TGZZGCGBMHCFGMBCTHKO.BCNEGGYBFMBCGFBMHCF
FBNFFO[KTHZGNGNCXT\KYGQ[NPP[.
BRIRGNBZDKNKONECZTNFECZKOFBNFGRGFDKONFS\KZBG\O,BCNCPK[GZFPEKRK
HFCGNJPBGE.BVKNGFPXBRG[+OPMGCENTGNOF[YZ=EKVNGPJKF.MNXEP[\GYY
N[NGJCBIZ,BLPIGSZCZKZFMGZ\BK\GCZK\.
CICZFFBRG[K\CRKRGPTZMG\ZCG\[KBV[ZGNRGNIKG\CF\RD[G\PKRKPNK\CKQ
FMNKOFVRKPKKOGFIKXGRKKO[NMNBIEGBIEPBK\RG,MKBRIRGPCKRKO[BIZ\MGNRG
RKRHY.CKJGINBGPK,PTZMG\STEG\PKMFCRHYYKOGTGE.MGNRGVGIEKO[PIZDOBRIRG
RFKFCPXCFHF,GNMQPTEKVKONFYEKO\ZGVFNPMF.
[RBFCKQMNKOVRKPKKONMNKOIKXGRKKOFKB\GVTFBRG[K\,[NBYKKP\BXNCTNK
IKKO.HBC[JGZUBKKNF,NP[N,FGBNB[GRBBG\FGFKBNB[GRB\BG\G.FHBCZGBF
CBKKNFPHGQ.PJCTFFKBMPGCQP\RDE\NG,BCNBKQCKRKFO[RBF.FJCTPRFNB\
[RKFOCXGZFPG[NP\.
67 | ÆøÆØ�Ø�Æł�����
BONBFKFCKRKRG[GOY[Z,NBFKKRGKMGNKONDNG\B\FSKCFNZTCIKKRG.CHMG\HF
[BRIRGPDNKO[FY[ZCKRKRGFGBZT,BRIRGKMGNKONFVGLBG\GNJGC.
RS\MNTNPXCF[NFBRG[G\CKPKRG=CTCZFY[ZKOCKQFPEKRG\FKGIN[KO
PBGE,GMNPEKRFFKK\FPYG[Z\ZYNPSVZPXGPXO[NPEKRG\BIZG\.M[FKKRG
ZIGYKOHFPHF,NBFKFPP[Y[Z,GNMQFZTNBFKFMNMLI[GU.BCNTOFHPQ
FTGNORT[FDNGCNK,PP[MPGMVZBIEYJQ,GV\BGOMGNOY[GZKONMGNO,P[VKTKO
TNMGNO.BKQNBQNCZGI,BKQNRGTGEMEGZFBZW...GNMQF[RBF[CKRKRGP\DNF.
GEGGYBF[RBFFHGFKB[\IKKCBG\RGN\YQB\FKISKOCKRKRG.
�����ØøÆ����� �ł��غ������� Ø �,�º����,º�Æ��ø�º�
Ø�ª�ÆÆØł�ł,øº� ł�� �,�Ø ����Æ� Ø�Ø�œ��� �Æ�ƪ.Æ��æ��,"�Æ���æ�ł��ł",��œ�ª
TM[KG,M[\PGR\FKISKOCKRKRGNCKQFHGN\PGCR\YX\KG\Z,R\YEOFNBF.MBPGZ,
FMGI[PINYB\\PGR\FPXKBG\[NRGN[RKINYKO,VRKPKGIKXGRK,FGBMGIF[CKZF.
BIZKF[CKZF,INYPFZXGQ[NRG)FMNKOFIKXGRKKO[NRG,"NCG["G"FKMN"(MCZNB
PGZD[M[KKLNRG.HFEGPFNBEO[YKCNHZKY\FZEPFPYGPK\NZDN,GCHPQ[IG\MKO
NGBG\F,FGBXGIY,PECZGP\RFDMBKNGFIKKO[NGFOMZDKN,MBKNGNBYGZFNG
MNGO,MKFGBNBPZDK[ECZ.
CINYKOFBNF[NFZXGQ,"NCG[KOGFKMNG\",BRIRGPZDK[KONPT[FB\MNPF
[FGBNBBRIRG,MNGPZ,B\FTGNOFIKXGQ.K[SCKCRGBR[KOGTGNODEGN,\FNKMKO
[P\ZI[KO,GCBP\MNBNFFOINYKO[NFZXGQ[NRG.
BRIRGIKKOC\GLSZJBIEDEGN,[CGPGYZRKOFZXGRG\[NRGBNPGNTKRKRG.PF
YGCTBKHG\PGRFRZBFTM[KGCSZJ?F"Z[KPf\"=R\GRKOBKRVGZPJKCKKO[CFO
PGDEZ\\MRK\FF\V\IG\FBK[K\[NMNBIEPBK\RG.
RT[FYX\SEZ.FPXKBG\PGZMC\P[NG[FPZMKCKO:
lFBGZ,MGIFBFCFGFR\KRF)FCGZB(
lFZXGQNYCN)FRCZB(
lGFZ[KPG\)\MRK\FF\V\IG\[NFRCZB(
\IKNFFCGZBKGXZB\FRCZBMZXGQNYCN,ZXGQNKFRG\.BIZMLFCGZB[GCZB\
FZXGQNINYVRKPK)[GZ[,R[PF,DGU(GNINYIKXGQ)NCG[GFKMN(,GRGXZ\\IG[F
BDGBKSJK\[N"BRKGFTGNO".
68|ÆøÆØ�Ø�Æł�����
\Z[KO8
C\GLFZXGQPGJPR\\MRK\FF\V\IG\[NG,GFKBCRGKFPZ[KPG\.MNZ[KPGMHF
PDEKZPXCPSGKO[FRCZBXZKLNTCGZTE[KDKTN\KYGQF[CKZF=K[\GGFNCGZB
C\MGRG\KGGKPP[B\PJZ\FCZKBF.
IGHZKONSZJ.PF[BRKZGBFTM[KGHFPKPG[FZ[KPG[BRKPZDK[CIP[\INYK
FZXGQ[NK.GKG\ZPHFBKQMNGO.
CMNZDTZ[KPG\IE[G\P\TGZZG\C\GLFZXGQ[NKGDGZPG\NKNF\VTNGKG\
IE[G\,HFBGPZ[BRKPKEZGBFTGNOBIZ.MNFIKKO[NK,MNFPXKBG\,FOZ[KPG\
[TGCZG\EZMKGP\PP[G\.FBGZVGTNTNKK,TNFZXGQ[NK=[EZMGP\IKNG\
FZ[KPG\NTCGZC[Z[Z\MPGCSZJYGNRGT.
\Z[KO9
BRKPZDK[[BNFFIKKO[NK,[BG\OBRKIK.BCNFBOCBP\HF"BRK"[IK"BG\O"?
BOBS\MNMPF[RKOBIGZF,FBOBGMNNFBPKQ[HFFKK\KBRK?REPFNK[BKH[FG
SZJTCZEZMK.FZCFBR[KOPZDK[KOML,[FIKKOTCZGEZMOMPGCINGO,NBFOBNF
[VTNG,NBFOBNF[T[G,NBFOBNF[TCZG...FKK\FYZQBGZ,FSZJFGYZQGBRK
[KIY\KCGB\F\VYKE[NK.
69 | ÆøÆØ�Ø�Æł�����
FHGFZPSCKZ[BKQMNGOIGWPZ[KPG\,BGZGZXGQ.MNZ[KPG[TGCZCRGPINYB\
FZXGQN[RKKO:VRKPKGIKXGRK,GBRIRGPZDK[KOCSZJFHFB\TXPRGGP[FGRGSU[RZBF
NRG[FGBPIGWNRG=TXKO,[P[,KZI,BR[KO.BRIRGPCKBKONTGNOKNEKO,BRIRG
RPXBKOCTCGEF...\PKEK[BRIRGGTGEP[FG.NPF?FZD[\FPXKBG\MPIGNY\
N[RKKORG\R\NRGCSGVG[NECZFHEPRG\NFMKZ[IGWPBK\RGYKKOTGEMGI=FBGZ,
FCGZB=GFGB[PMZKIBG\RGNIV[BG\G.
º������œ��Ø� Ø�œ�œ� غ���غ��Æ��ªÆ��æ��,"�ª���œØ���º�œ�Æ�",��œ�
SVZFHGFZRS\ZCPGCQFHF[BR[KONBKGETKOBKLNYZGBGNFCKQB\FBPGZCG,P[GO
[FPV\INYZKBFTGCZEZL\VKS\FPXKBG\.FHGFZEGZ[PBK\RGNFCKQ[FPXKBG\
[BRIRGPZDK[KOP\ZI[\C\GMRG,GNBPIGWNRG.
DOB\FTGNOFTNKGQ[FHGFZPGNKLBG\RGBNKG,RZDK[C\GMRG.BKQNRGPFNIV[B\
FKXKBFNTGNOFTNKGQBIZKFBGVY,BNBZYC[KRGKF\MGRG\FVRKPKG\[NRG.
FHGFZPECZTNPXKBG\[RPXB\"PTN"PF[BRIRGPZDK[KOMZDT."PTN"HPQ,
\RGTFGPYGO.FPXKBG\FIKXGRK\FHG[P\GBZ\NRGGRZBK\MPIGWNRG=BKRRF.FMGN
RPXBC\GLFZXGQ[NRG.MNF\GVTG\,\IG[G\FTCZ,FFGGFGFT\KEPXJKKZG\C\GMG.
FFKSJGZKFFKBBKH[FG\FNKL[BRIRGP\BZKOBG\GNTXPRGMP[FG[YZFCHPQTCZ,
BCNFBP\FKB[BKQHPQ,BKQ\RGTFGBKQPYGOPEGPF.K[ZYPYGOBIE[CGP\ZI[
FMGN=FZXGQ.
CBGVQJCTK,FINYKOF[GRKO[NFZXGQ[NRG)VRKPKGIKXGRK,BRKGFHGN\(P\RD[KO
HFCHF.SVZFHGFZPSKKTNRGN\YQB\FY[ZCKRKFO,NICZCKRKFOTE[KFVMGNBIE,
GNBRZDK[FCENCKRKFO.HFGF[KRGKFPKGINC\VKS\FPXKBG\.MLBRIRGPDNKOMBQ
GTM[KGB\FTGNOFTNKGQ,[RYZBDO"FTGNOFCB".
HFNB[MBQBRIRGPMKRKOB\TXPRG,GBIZMLRDKTNBKH[FGPYGOBIZ.BNBMMN
[BRIRGPDNKOBFCFMNVKFHGN\CPYGO[RBF,CBG\FPKEFCEKGYBRGP\IKNKO
NFZDK[PXC[RYZB"TGNOTNKGQ"BG"TGNOFCB".MNFTGNPG\RPXBKOMBQ,CY[Z
CKRKRGGCKQPF[RZBFNRGMZDTPIGWNRG,ZIGYPBK\RG.
FZXGRG\[RZBKONRGMHGN\RINYKONMPFPTDNKOMNVKFBDG[NRG.CPTDNFYZGC
CKG\ZRPXBKOFP[VIF,FYZGCKOGFICZKO.CPTDNFCBBIZKGRPXBKOBR[KO
[PGTKNKONRGGJGCNRG[FOYKKPKO,MPGZGVBKO.BIZMLK[ROFBR[KO[BRIRGZGXKO
ZYNF[\P[CFO,NFHKYNFO,BCN[KK[BZGCIKKO.GFMKZIGYRPXBKOFBR[KO
70|ÆøÆØ�Ø�Æł�����
[BRIRGPP[[GRBKO,GBGNKBVKNGPGMRKONFZGDBG\O.BCNMGNOFOZXGRG\[NRG...
M[RICZBG\OCIHZFBNKRG,RFVGLNFKG\FR[PFFMNNK\[FCGZBCZB,RIHGZNTGNO
BKQ=SGU.HFGFVJRJ[PGDEZCCKJGK"C[CKNKRCZBFTGNO".
I[GCNFEDK[[\FNKLF\KYGQ[N\VKS\FPXKBG\NBBPGZNF\CXTCXGZF
PNBMG\K\.BOPIZF[MQ[NKKXTYTNKK,NBB[KCNG:"PFB\FXGTY,B\FCSL
FMGNZXGQ[NK"...HFNBS\O[KRGKV[JRK[N"VRKPFCPYGOFIGXF"=PEGCZ
CPFVLDEGNGTPGYPBGE.MEKNCXTBG\GBRIRGHYGYKONSVZFHGFZ[KTHGZNRGNCRG\
C\GMRGB\F\VKSFFIE[F,GNICZF[NBR[KO[\\PGLCRGC\FNKLF\KYGQ.
æœłæœłØ,��º�Ø�Æ �æł��ł��,�łøœ�Œ�Œ,��œ��
71 | ÆøÆØ�Ø�Æł�����
�ł�7
º�Øø��ªÆ�Æ��ªÆ�ł�Æł�º�Ø��ªø �ł�"�ªł�ø��",�øÆł��œ�
�łÆ���Ø�Ł Ø,ºªØøØ��ª�ÆØ Ø�� �ł�
���Æ,�Ø�ªØ�Ø���ª��Ø�.
æ�ł"�º�œ�Æ"
BIEFBPXTKOFFMZIKKONF\V\IG\ZGIRK\FKBFYCGXF.
MEK[RFKFPGMRKONF\V\IG\FZGIRK\,FCGZBPTGZZCRG[\K\IG[G\;FZB[GRF
FKBZKYRG\MNVKFTGNOFHF,GF[RKKFFKBP[KMFNF[KDB\PYGZFIKKO=F\TGZZG\
"FRYGEF[CNC".
FRYGEF[CNCPICZ\BG\RGBNFPYGO[CGBRIRGKMGNKONFHKQGNPNBBG\F=BN
FYCGXF.GCBP\RK\QNZBG\[BR[KO[P\TGZZ\CFOFRYGEF[CNC,RP[MKOHFNHF
CXGZFJCTK\.MLYGZF\PKECICZFFBRG[K\,BR[KOCTNKZXGRG\EGPKOP\YZCKOHF
NHFGP\YCXKOKIE.
FYCGXFPBV[Z\B\FF\ICZG\FBPK\K\NHGN\,TNVKFTYZGRG\FIE[KO[N
BFCFGR\KRFCPYGO[RBFGVKZGE.NMQFTCGEFCYCGXFFKBBPXTKFMZIKMEKNFDKT
NDKNGKFCGZB.FKBPBV[Z\NBEONPEGECXGZFBPK\K\B\FKIS[NGNHGN\,GPGRT\
PPRGN[DG\CEPKGRG\[GGBCB[ZNZGIRKG\GNY[ZFBK[K[NGTOFCGZB.GFZKFCGZB
FGB\MGR\FBFCFGFR\KRFF[GZFCY[ZFP\GYQ[CKRKRG.
73 | ºØø�ªÆ�Æ�ª
YCGXG\MBNGYPGNBGZLMNFFKSJGZKF.C[KRGKFKISCKQFBR[KOCYCGXFNKIS[N
IKCGZGBFCFFEEK\,FOKXZGB\F\RBKOFEZG[KONFZD[\FPXKBG\FBPK\K\.P\GL
FRKSKGQFZC[FOXCZG,FOM\CGTNFTGNO[RV\ICVRKFO.FSVZKO[FOFG\KZG
BIZKFOPBV[ZKONRGNFDKTCEZLFYXZFGFPGTKNFCKG\ZBNFIKKOFIE[KO.
YCGXFMHGRYZB\"YCGX\PYGCNKO"GPJZ\OBI\=NF\ICZCKRKFOCZGIFM\GC
C\GZF,"MBK[BIE,CNCBIE","MNK[ZBNICZKO","BN\T[FNICZLPF[[RGB
TNKL","GBFC\NZTLMPGL"GMEGPF.
FBGGKZFFRGXZ\CYCGX\PYGCNKOFKBPKGIE\PBGE.MEKNIG[PYX\PPRFR\CGRQ
CMPFEGDPBG\P\GL[JZKF\Y[ZG\CKQFICZKOCYCGXG\CGNJG\PFEGZG\FYGEPKO:
YKCNRGTNKRGNF\RFDMGNRGCBFCFGBIGGF,GNIGSMNBIENMCGEICZG
MMCGEG.
YCGX\IMPKPXZKO,CKRKFOFBZ"K,[R\155839
NY[GZY[ZIHYGBPKW[NBFCFGBIGGFG[NGOCKRKRG...MBKNGFKKRGDGU
BIE,MBKNGFKKRGBIKOPBCGPBOPFZKGQGPNKEF,MNKPKIKKRG.
YCGX\IMPKPXZKO,[R\156440
MNBIEKTNFTNICZGMBKNGFGBINYBKCZPPRGPP[,CMNRV[GCMNPBGE.
R\KKIERGMBK[BIE,ICZKOCMNPMNMN,NSKKTGNTHGZGNIHYGNBPWBK[
B\ZTFG.
YCGX\Z["[,PYGCNKCK\=BN,KZG[NKO,[R\175741
YKCNGTNKFONBFGCBK[B\BIKG...GNF[\ENMGNONCGBNNKPGEFHGFZ
CMNKGO.
YCGX\ZPI"N,VBEGCF,[R\173142
\KYGQFKISKOCYCGXF,PBFCFTXPK\NBFC\FHGN\,KMGNNFKG\BLGZYTNKEKBG\G
MGITNKGQ[CZBB\FBDGBKHO[NRG.ZYFGBKMGNNFVGLB\FKXZFZTNKXZJGC.
"CZB\KKXZFZTGCZB\KNG\GZF\CNKQ",43
BGPZFCGZB,"MKFPBGZ[CFPIHKZG
NPGJC",MNGPZ,NIKCGZGNBFCF.*
*"CMGIG\TXPGBKQNBEO[GOPXKBG\,[KFKFCKEGMGINNM\RDEFJCT.MKTRKKQPGIBGNKCB,PF[FBEOXZKL
NF[\NOCFO,FGBPGMZINYCNSKGT.GFSKGTFGBTNKEKF\GZF.MPG[BPZGIH"N’CZB\KKXZFZT,CZB\K\GZF
\CNKQ’.[P\GL[P\TSYKOCF,FPBGZ[CFPIHKZONPGJC")FZCCZGL[NGOFNGKB[ND,FZC"[,PBPZK[NCK
FSGNO,"PFG\GZFGPNBMFCEZLF’"(.
74|ÆøÆØ�Ø�Æł�����
DOTM[KGBRIRGRPXBKOCPXKBG\FP\GYR\GFRMGRF=CY[ZFEGYCKRKRGMINYKDGU
BIE,CBFCFFEEK\,PIGCZKONMGIFTNKGQ[CZBBG\RG,PNBKOCMNJGC,BNB[TEKKQ
NBF\TGZZRGNFMZFCPXCFHF.B\FF\TGZZG\FHG,B\FMGIFPIKKFFHF,B\FBGZ
FPIHKZNPGJC,BV[ZNF[KDMB[ZP\YCXKOKIE.
CYCGXFYGZBKOKIECSVZFHGFZ.FHGFZPECZTNFPXCFPIGCZ[NRG,GP[GOML
YZKBFP[G\V\CHGFZP\GLMGGRFNFDKTNBKIGEGNBFCF,PTGZZ\B\FBGZFPIHKZ
NPGJC.*
CFEZDFP\IKNKONF\TNG\PTNFZD[G\FBDGBKSJKKOFJCTKKO[NRG,
P\IKNKONFZDK[[RPXBCKRKRGBG\GY[Z[NBFCF,GC\GMGBRIRGPZDK[KOB\
FCGZB.HGFKFEZLNFDKTNPKPG[PFG\F[NIMP\FYCNF,DKNGKFCGZBNRCZB.
�Øø�œł��Ø���ł�
K[CMNBIEPFORKXGXKQ[NBFC\FHGN\.BNB[FRKXGWNBFKFKMGNNFENKYB\
BGZFBFCF...NMQFSMKPG[TNKEKF\ICZG\OKIE=BH,PMNFRXGXKQCKIEKT[F
[NFC\BI\DEGNF.
FZC"[,PBPZK"[NCKFSGNO"44
CEGZRGMNFBRG[G\XZKMFNFVGLNYCGXFBI\DEGNFGN\YQB\TXPF.NMQFZCCZGL
[NGOFNGKB[ND)FZC"[(,CRGGPP[KLEZMG[NCTNFSGNO,M\CT[ZG\PBPZKOTN
FTCGEFCYCGXF.FGBR\QNTGNOB\\GZ\FIKCGZTOFEZMFPVGZJ\NDCKMN
FPXCKO[P\YKKPKOCPTZM\FKISKOC\GLFYCGXF.TNVKM\CKGBRIRGNGPEKO
GP\V\IKOZGIRK\.
FBEORCZBTOMNK,[RYZB"BFCFTXPK\"...GCNKCKJGNBFCFTXPK\,BK
BV[ZNFDKTNKEKF[\GG\FXGZF.GFKG\[HFRDEFJCT[NRG,NMQXZKMKO
ICZF,[KFKGMGNOMGIDEGN.
FZC"[,PBPZ"PJZ\FICZF"
BKBV[ZNF\YEOZGIRK\NNBYCGXF.FJMRGNGDKFFP\YEP\[YKKP\FKGOPBV[Z\
NRGNFTCKZB\[KJ\F\KYGQEZLFJNGGKHKFGFBKRJZRJNMNPYGOCTGNO.[KTGZKO
*"M[TGSYCIKCGZHF...PHFKZFF[MKRFGPBKZFPBG\GFBGZM\IKN\IKEG[FBH,GMNFTGSYKOCF,IGHZKOGPTGZZKO
BG\GF\GTN\GBG\GFBGZFYGEO[DKNFZCK[PTGQCZKGIBKGICZKGC[T\IKCGZG")Z’P[FYGZEKCZG,FZP"Y,"BGZ
KYZ",[TZB,SKPQF(.
75 | ºØø�ªÆ�Æ�ª
CIMP\FYCNF,TNSVZFHGFZ,PBPZKFZC"[GTGE,P[GEZKOPEKKGOC[KEGZIK
CTZGW"YCNFNTO")TZGW66C=HOTGC=yes,www.kab.co.il(GCBPXTG\OPXJZVKO
ZCCG\BR[KONYCGX\FNGPEKO.INYOP\YCXKOCPZMHKNKPGE[N"YCNFNTO"CBZW
GCIG"N,GINYOP\ICZKONYCGXFCBGVQGKZJGBNK.
PDGGQBV[ZGKG\[NIKCGZNYCGXFV\GIG\FKGOCVRKMNBEO[PTGRKKQNF\V\I
ZGIRK\,GBVKNGFPZIYFVKHKCKQBR[KOCMNYXGG\FTGNONBPFGGFTGEPM[GN.
BRIRGPECZKOTNKXKZ\Y[ZVRKPKCKRKRG,GPS\CZ[BV[ZNF\ICZNBIZKORFEZDO
EZLMNKF\Y[GZ\,MKNBFDGVKOFO[XZKMKONF\ICZBNBFNCCG\...
CYCGXFFDEGNFFHG,FP[\ZT\TNVRKMNZICK\CN,FBR[KOBPRO[GRKOPBGE
PCIKRFIKXGRK\,BLEGPKOPBGEPCIKRFVRKPK\.MGNOZGXKONFZDK[[FOINYPTGNO
BIE[NBFCF,CKJIGQG[D[GD,GNFCJKIIKKOJGCKONKNEKFO=GNMQFOP\ICZKO.
CSGVG[NECZIMP\FYCNF\FVGLN[KJ\IKRGLTGNPK\G\XKTNBRG[G\MGNFEZL
NFKRXNPMNFZT.K[ZBN\FGGFRYGEFPZMHK\,GPPRF\XB[KJ\FIKCGZNTGNO.ML
RPP[B\KKTGERGGRVKWNTGNOB\FBGZ=B\FY[ZFIE[[KICZCKQCRKFBEO,Y[Z
[NTZCG\FEEK\,R\KRFGBFCF.
Æ�œø� �ø�œœ�Ø���Łłœ...��تØÆØ�œ�ªł�ø��Æ�Æœ
���œ�,ø��Øœ�ºª�º�����œÆ Ø���������ª��Æ��ª-Øœ��
º���øł������ �ø�œ��øØ���Æ�.Æ��æ��,���ł"�Øł�œ"
76|ÆøÆØ�Ø�Æł�����
œ�Ø�œłÆØ
"œ�Ø�ø�łÆØ����� Ø�Æ",��Æ"�œ�ŁłÆ��œ
œ�Ø�.�ø�øØ����ƺ���� Ø,ºØ��ªø����æªØ,
�ø Ø�Æ�ł�œ,�ø�ØøØł��Ø.� º��œ�º��ªªØ,��ªØ�Ø�
ø���������.ºØ�æªØ �øºØ��ªØ�Ø�,��Æ�ł�œ��ªø���,
�ł��Ø��ª����Ø.��ø�ø º��œ�º���� Ø��ªªØ,
�øØœ�Łł��� �œ��ł�ø�ªØ��Ø����Ø,Øæ�ª,�ø�Ø�º�
Øø���œ�� ��Æ�,*��� �º��ØÆ�ł.
�Æ�œ�Ø�œØ�ت�Ø º����º��ªªØ,�Ø��Ø ���Æ����
��ª,��ø�Æ�ø�æªØ,���Æ�ł�œ,��ł��Ø.���º�œ�Ø�œØ�ت
�Ø �œ�� œ�œ�Æ�º��œ�Ø�œłÆØ.ºØ�Ø º��œÆº��’
���Ø,º��œ�Ø�œłÆØ".
��ł��,�łøœ�Øø��,��œ�
œ�Ø�œłÆØ�Ø œ��Øƺ��œ� øØ���Æœ�º�œ�Ø�
�Æ��œ.غ��Ø������Ø�Ø�łªØ� øØ,�Æ�����Ø�
����ØæŁØœ,œ�Ø����œ�Æ�œ.
œ�Ø�œłÆØØ�Æ�ø��Æł�œ���ØłÆØø� ø�
��œø øÆł,���Øœ�Ø�Ø�تø � Øœ��تØÆ�ł�.
*RGYCB~CBZPK\|=RYCF.FRGYCBFKBF"[MKRF",GBNKFPDKTPTGNOBKQ=SGUMNFBGZFPKGTENR[PG\.
FZICFCVZY10,"FTGNPG\FTNKGRKO".
77 |
����
��œ�Ø�œ��ł
�ł�8
�Ø�œº��Æ�ł�� ØØ�œ� ��:ÆØ�œ ��øœ��ØÆ� ØØ ��º�� � ������Ø
Æø�łø �łØ� ����ØØÆœ� ��Ø.
Æ��æ��,���ł"�œ�œ�ł"
BRIRGRPXBKOFKGOCRYGE\XKGQFKSJGZK\PZD[\PBGE.T[ZG\BNVKF[RKO[N
FF\V\IG\FBRG[K\,PKNKBZEK[RG\F\V\IG\FTGNOFHFGMNF\V\IG\FTGNPG\
FTNKGRKO[YEPGNG=MNBNGRGTEGZYMEKNFCKBBG\RGCZDTKOBNFPP[NNKE\
FBRG[G\FIE[F.
BOR\CGRQCJCTRZBF[FGBMNFHPQP\V\I.\IKNFF\V\IFEGPO,BIZKGFXGPI
GNCSGUFIK.MNF\V\IG\MHGPCGSS\TNF\V\IG\FZXGQ[C\GLFRCZB.
FZXGQ[ZGXFZYN[PGZTNTXPGGNBNF\V\I,PYCNXGZ\EGPO.M[FZXGQZGXF
NF\V\I,NYZCNTXPGB\PF[PGTKNNGGNFZIKYB\FPHKY,P\V\I\XGZ\FXGPI.
ZXGQDEGNTGEKG\Z,[CTXPGP\YZCBNFPGTKNGP\ZIYPFPHKYPYCNXGZ\IK.MN
FXGZG\[BRGZGBKONTKRKRGCPXKBG\FQZYTJKVG\IKXGRKG\[PCJBG\B\F\V\IG\
FMGIFKIKE[RCZB,"FZXGQNYCN".
81 | ��Ø�œº���Æ�ł
FKXGZFPVG\ICKG\ZCEZD\FIKFGBFPKQFBRG[K.BCNMBPGZ,NVRK771,5[RF
FINFF\V\IG\IE[FCJCT.BIEPFRCZBKOF\V\INEZD\FPEa+Z,NEZD\"FBEO"
[EGPFNCGZB.C\GLFZXGQ[NBG\GFBK[F\TGZZF\[GYF[NBPFTGNOFHF,
"FRYGEF[CNC",RKXGWBNGYK[EIUBG\GNDKNGKFCGZB.
BKQBRGPGXBKOXGZLPKGIERJGTCIVWFBEO,[NBKFKFRPXBCMNPKQ
FIK,HGN\FF\TGZZG\NECYG\BNGYK\.B[ZZYPKQFBEOPGMQBNKF,
GNBHGN\G.
CTNFSGNO,PBPZ"GHB\NKFGEF"
C[GRFPFEZDG\FRPGMG\PPRF,FF\V\IG\NEZD\FPEa+ZNBP\ZI[\PTXPF,BNB
ZYBIZK[K[CRGZXGQGF[\GYYG\NFTVKNBNKF.FF[\GYYG\FHGRYZB\"MGGRF".MEK
NV\IC\GMRGMGGRFNFKG\EGPKONCGZBBRIRGHYGYKONBPXTK[KTHGZNRG=N[OML
RM\CTCGZRGSVZFHGFZ.
FHGFZFGBSVZPKGIEPBGE.NBGZLFFKSJGZKF,PYGCNKOF[\P[GCGMEKNFDKT
NFMZ\FZPFFDCGFFCKG\ZCF\V\IG\FJCTFMNNK,GP[GOMLFGBRI[CNSVZ
FSVZKO.M[FPYGCNKOP\KKISKON"SVZ"CNKNXKKQNBKHFSVZF\MGGRG,MGGR\OFKB
BI\=SVZFHGFZ.
CEGZ[CGF\IKNFDNG\C\BNVK[RKO,F\ICZGT[ZFPYGCNKONKXKZ\FHGFZ.FKG
CFOR[PG\PKGIEG\[KKXDGB\"T[ZFSVKZG\"=T[Z\FKSGEG\CPTZM\FMNNK\
[NFCZKBF,GFKFCKMGN\ONFCKTB\MNPCRFFPXKBG\.CZB[OTPEZCK[PTGQCZ
KGIBKMRDESVKZ\FM\Z,GBK\GFBIZKOMRDEFSVKZG\IMPF,CKRF,ISE,DCGZF,\VBZ\,RXI,FGE,KSGEGPNMG\.
CTNKFHGFZFCKTGCSKPRKO[RYZBKO"BG\KG\"B\FXGZFFIKXGRK\[NFPTZM\
[CFFORPXBKO.M[BRIRGPS\MNKOTNFBG\KG\G[GPTKOB\FPKNKO,BOK[NRG
ZXGQ,GNGDOPGTJ,NFKG\PYG[ZKONPTZM\FHB\,FKBP\IKNFNVTGNTNKRG.FHGFZ
FGBMPGPSLPDT;FRDKTFCGPICZ\BG\RGBNFPTZM\FVRKPK\.
FPDTTOFHGFZDGZONRGNDEGNGNF\V\IPCIKRFZGIRK\,FGBPSVYNRGCFEZDF
MGGRFRMGRFGMGIF\V\IG\PKGIE[RYZB"BGZFPIHKZNPGJC".NIHGZNPGJCVKZG[G
NFDKTNBG\FEZDF[N"FJGCGFPKJKC",NEZD\FCGZB.
82|��œ�Ø�œ���ł
������Ø
FBEOXZKLNFBPKQ,[K[NGRYGEF[CNC,[FKBRKXGWFPBKZ.GNVTPKO
FKBZYRYGEF[IGZFGBKRFPBKZF,GFRKXGWFHFXZKMKO\PKENTGZZ...
MKK[CBV[ZG\GNFENKYB\FPT[KO[NG,[KBKZG.
FZC"[,PBPZK"[NCKFSGNO"45
T\FRKD[KIENYZKB\YJTPSVZFHGFZ.FYJTNYGIPVZ[\"NLNL",GFGBPECZTN
FYGFBPXTKGTNP#"Q[NXEKYKO.P"QFKBFMGGRFNF\V\IGNFKG\EGPKONCGZB.
XEKYKOFOBR[KO[ZGXKONFKG\XEKYKO,MNGPZ,NFXEKYB\FCGZBTN[CZBBG\O=
GFXEYFBV[ZK\ZYP\GLZBKKFGFZD[F[NPF[CBP\YGZFCPXKBG\,P\GLFEZDF
FTNKGRF[BNKFFBEOTGNF.NHFBRIRGZGXKONFDKTCTHZ\FHGFZ.
GBVKNGCR[PG\[CTGNOFHF,FGBP[\T[T.P[GO[CIXG\NKNF,MNBNG
XEKYKBP\P\TGZZKOMGNONYZGBC\GZF,GNF[PKT\[CIG\[NF\GZF.
GFYC"FGMNBNGFXEKYKO[C\GLDQFTEQ,MGNOPY[KCKONYGNG\KFO.
GIGJ[NISERP[LTNKFOCKGO.MNGPZ[TNKEKFP#"Q,[FOPTNKOTNKEK
F\GZFGF\[CIG\,RP[LYGFBPXTKBNFRGYCB,[FGBBGZFISEKO.GNVK
[FODZPGNBGZFHF,HGMKOCBG\GF[KTGZ[DZPGNFRGYCB.MPG[RBPZ,
KGPOKXGGFF’ISEGGCNKNF[KZGTPK.[C[CKNF[KZF[CNKNF,HGMKO
NISEGCKGO.
HGFZNTO,VZ[\NLNL,BG\YNC
C\GLFPTZM\FMNNK\K[MCZR[PG\P\GYRG\.BOBRIRGZGXKONFDKTNDKNGKFCGZB
BCNPZDK[KO[FGBRS\ZPBK\RG,PCIKRFZGIRK\BRIRGRPXBKOC"IG[L",CPXC[N
"NKNF".CPXCFHFTNKRGNF[YKTPBPXKOGNTGZZB\FCY[G\[NRG,GBHBG\Q
FR[PG\FDCGFG\[FCGZB[GZFCFQ,P[VKTG\TNKRGEZLSVZFHGFZ.
SVZFHGFZRM\CCPKGIEMEKNKXGZY[ZCKRKRGNCKQFR[PG\FNNG.CYZKB\FHGFZ
BRIRGKGXZKOBK\QY[Z,GFQ[GNIG\NRGB\FBGZFPIHKZNPGJC.
FBGZFHFTEKKQNBVGZWNR[PG\KRGGPPNBBG\Q,MKISZFF\BPF)"F[\GG\
XGZF"(CKQFR[PG\[NRGNCKQFBGZ,BCNFGBVGTNTNKRGMBKNGFKKRGC\GLZIO;FGB
PYKUBG\RG,PNJUBG\RG,PICYBG\RG.
MLFBGZP\YQBG\RGNBJNBJ,TE[BRIRGP\IKNKONFZDK[=BG\G,B\FR[PG\
FP\GYRG\[BNKFQF\Y[ZRGGB\FCGZBF[GZFCPTZM\FR[PG\.
FBGZFHF[SGCCBG\RGRYZB"BGZPYKU".CPKEF[BRIRGRT[KOP\GYRKO,FGBRMRS
VRKPFGPPNBBG\RG,GRT[FN"BGZFVRKPK"[NFR[PF,NIKKOFZGIRKKO[NRG.
83 | ��Ø�œº���Æ�ł
C\GLFZIO[PFGGFTCGZRGFBGZFPYKU,DENFYGFBPXTK.FYGFBPXTKFGB
FI[CGQFPEGKY[NK,[P[NCCXGZFFPZCK\B\[RKFMGIG\[CJCT=MGIFZXGQ
GMGIFBGZ,ML[FBGZK\YQB\FZXGQ.
INYFZXGQ[\GYQC\FNKLFHFGFVLEGPFNCGZB,FGBFYGFBPXTK.MNGPZ,FPKEF
[CFRT[K\KEGPFNCGZBRYZB\FYGFBPXTK[NK.HGFKEPG\FCGZB[CRK\KC\GMK,
C\FNKL[F\IKNPCY[F[FTNK\KC"NKNF".
���øŒ���ł
CTGNO[NRGKGOGNKNFP\INVKOPBNKFOM\GXBFPSKCGCKMEGZFBZW,BLCZGIRKG\
HFTGCEBIZ\.CZGIRKG\,BRKCTXPKFGVLB\FNKNFNKGO,M[CTHZ\FYZKBFCHGFZ
GFTCGEFCYCGXFBRKFGVLB\MKGGQFVTGNF[NFZXGQNYCN,PVRKPFFIGXF.MNGPZ,
IG[LGBGZ\NGKKOCBGVQ[CGTGCEFZXGQ.
RSCKZB\FECZKO.FZXGQNYCNKMGNNVTGNCBIEP[RKFBGVRKO:
lTNPR\NYCN
lTNPR\N\\)NF[VKT(
M[FZXGQVGTNTNPR\NYCN,FGBNBPSGDNNFMKNC\GMGMNGO.F\TRGDNBKMGN
NFKMRSN\GLFZXGQ=FGBZYRGDTCZXGQGBRIRGPZDK[KOMBKNG[BRIRGRFRKO,ZY
MBKNG,GPKEPS\NY\\IG[\FPKNGK.PEGT?MKFZXGQNYCNGF\TRGDFVGMKOHFPHF=
FZXGQFGBMPGPKRGSGF\TRGDMPGVNGS.FOPRJZNKOHFB\HF.
NTGNOBKRRGPSGDNKONF[BKZB\F\TRGDC\GMRG.ZM[RGNTXPRGP[FG[ZXKRGMN
ML,P[FGPKGIEPP[,NBTCZ[CGTGFPKNGKPPRGRTNO.K[RO\TRGDKOMPGF\TRGD
PPKQ[RTNPKOPKE,PP[CZDT[F[DRGBG\O.FMGNRGCTPHF[FJCT[NFZXGQ
GFJCT[NF\TRGDFVGMKO.B\FZKXFISZ\F\GIN\FHGPSMOCTNFSGNOML:
FTGNOFHFRCZBTOIKSZGQGZKYG\PMN[VTFJGC,GMEKNYRG\YRKKRKO
XZKMKOBNF\RGTF.GKEGT[ZKCGKF\RGTFPEBKCB\FBEO...BPRONFK[BZ
ZKYQPFYRKKRKOGFJGCDOHFBKBV[Z...GTNMQCGIZKOCSCNZKCGKF\RGTF,
CMEKNF[KDPKNGBFYRKKRKO.BPROMKGGQ[MNYRKKROGZMG[OFOBLNTXPO,
GFK[NGPRFZGXFPB\KO,RPXBCHF,[BKQBEOP\GIXK\BGG\GCKEG.
GRPXBKOSGCNKOPC’FXEEKO,FQPXTZZKCGKF\RGTF,GFQPXTZFIKSZGQ
[NFYRKKRKO,[ISZFNFOPIXK\O.46
B\FIG[LFHF[PGZD[CZXGQNYCN,BV[ZNFVGLNBGZZYBOR[RFB\BGVQ
FVTGNF[NFZXGQNYCNN"TNPR\N\\".
84|��œ�Ø�œ���ł
MNGPZ,BOR[\P[CZXGQNYCNMEKN\\NHGN\GRKFRFPFR\KRF,BHRFVGLNCN\K
PGDCNKOCVTGNF[NRG,MKN\\BV[ZNNBFDCNF.
BORKFRFPBFCFGPR\KRFNHGN\MPG[FCGZBRFRFPML,BHRKT[FEGPKONGGRZDK[
B\FIKKOMRXIKKOG[NPKO.PFISZNRGMEKNPP[HB\?NZMG[BFCFNHGN\,GNPXGB
[VT[BG\GRGMNNFTRKYNHGN\.
BFCFNHGN\BV[ZNF[KDPFCGZBEZLFBGZFPIHKZNPGJC.P[RGXZFCRGBFCF
NHGN\GRT[KRGEGPKONCGZB,P\DNFNRGF[VT[NFCGZB.M[BRIRGVGTNKOP\GL
BFCFNHGN\,BRIRGPPP[KOB\PI[C\FCZKBF,GRT[KO[G\VKO[NFCGZB,MNVK
FRCZBKO.HFG\FNKLF\KYGQ[NFBGVQ[CGVGTNFZXGQNYCN.
VTGNFP\GYR\[NFZXGQRT[K\TNVKFRGSIF:"K[ZBN,FYC"F,GF\GZF=BIE
FGB".K[ZBNFGBBRK,BGNK\ZEKGYFZXGQ[CKNFDKTK[Z=BN,MNGPZNFKEPG\NCGZB.
FYC"FFGBFCGZB,FPJZF[BNKFBRKPMGGQ.F\GZFFKBMNFPRDRGQFP\GYQ,Y[ZK
FBFCFFPICZKOCKQFR[PG\.
R\CGRQCDGUFBEOMEKNFPIK[B\FECZKO.CDGUK[INYKO[GRKO[VGTNKO
CFEEKG\GCTZCG\,MNBIETGHZN[RKGK[CKRKFOIKCGZGBIEG\.MLXZKMG\N\VYEDO
FR[PG\=NFKG\PIGCZG\CKRKFQCY[ZKBFCFGR\KRF=GHGF"\GZF".FKBMGNN\
C\GMF\ZK"D)613(Y[ZKORMGRKOCKQMNR[PFNR[PG\FBIZG\.
BOCKQFR[PG\P\YKKOY[Z[N[RBFGNB[NBFCF,BHBKQ\GZF,FKBRS\Z\.
FR[PG\[NBPZDK[G\CKRKFQY[ZKBFCFRPXBG\CDNG\PF\GZFGPFCGZB=MNGPZ,
CRK\GYPFY[ZFRMGQ)\GZF(GPFBGZ[PPNBB\FY[ZFRMGQ)CGZB(.HFMPGFFCEN
CKQDGUCZKBNDGU[FPTZMG\[NGMCZNBP\VYEG\.
F\KYGRKOFVRKPKKO[BRIRGTG[KOC\GLFZXGQ[NRG,MEKNTCGZPFXGZFFPYGNYN\
NXGZFFP\GYR\,RYZBKO"PXGG\".*
NMQRBPZ["GBFC\NZTLMPGL"FGBMNNDEGN
C\GZF,FKKRG,[FGBMGNNB\MNPTZM\FY[ZKOFRMGRKOCKQFR[PG\.**
*"CHPQ[KMGNNMGGQCTNPR\NF[VKT,BHRYZBPT[FHGCIKR\’PXGGF’")FZCCZGL[NGOB[ND,PBPZK"[NCK
FSGNO","CTRKKQF[MZ[PYCNKO"(.
**NFZICFCRG[BHFPGPNWNTKKQCBDZ\KHGC"FYEP\VKIMO",PB\CTNFSGNO.
85 | ��Ø�œº���Æ�ł
ª���œ
NGTPK[GPTNK,FKG[GYEKOMNKPKFONNPGESVZFHGFZ...
GFKGPP[KMKO[VTGBGZ.
Z’KXIYBKKHKYPYGPZRF47
CYZKB\FHGFZTNKRGNF\MGGQNML[FMGIFTNKGQK[VKTTNKRG.FHGFZCRGKCXGZFMHG
[FGBPININBNFBEOCFEZDF,JKVFJKVF.VTOGTGEVTO,TOBG\FFMGGRF
NF\V\I,RK\QNHGFZNVTGNTNKRGGRZDK[BKLFGBPGXKBBG\RGPIG[LNBGZ.
FYJTFCBPFHGFZNYGIP\GLVZ[\VYGEK,GFGBPECZTNEPTG\.
M[\VKNFHG[CEPTG\TGNFNPTNFCBNGF[TZKO,PHEPQBGVQFFGB...
G[PGKZIPKBN.NGYI\VKNF[CEPTG\,F\VKNFRMRS\eP\Y[Z\NPTNF,
GFEPTG\R[BZGMBQ.GZ[GPKOCV\I,[FYC"FIVZBG\G.F\VKNFCEPTG\
PTNFP#"QN\KYGQFP]V\I@B,NFTNG\FPNMG\NCKRF.GTNMQF\VKNF
P\YCN\,GFEPTG\R[BZGIZG\KOTNFV\I,FDGZPKO[OPK\GYFPNMG\
CCKRF.EPTFGBPN[GQF#PE#P+T#,P[GO[PEPTGPTZCFPNMG\CCKRF.
HGFZNTO,VZ[\VYGEK,BG\\X
PFQ"EPTG\"?
CTGNOFHFBEOCGMFM[XZNG,M[MGBCNG,M[BKQNG[NKJFTNFPXC,M[FGB
PZDK[B\TXPGYJQGIN[.BRIRGCGMKOM[BRIRGRPXBKOCPXCPSGKO[BKQNRGEZL
NF\PGEEBK\G=DGZN,PYZF,ECZ[FGBNPTNFPBK\RG.
BLCTGNOFZGIRKPXCF"EPTG\"FGBFPXCFVTKNCKG\Z.CBPXTG\GBRIRG
PVTKNKOB\MNPRDRGQF\KYGQGFTNKKF[NRG.
"F\VKNFCEPTG\PTNFP#"QN\KYGQFP]V\I@B,NFTNG\FPNMG\NCKRF",BGPZ
FHGFZ.PV\IB)CBZPK\(FGBPV\I.FEPTG\VG\IG\B\FV\IBNFTGNOFZGIRK,
[EZMGBRIRGRMRSKOMEKN\YQB\FZXGQ[NRG)PNMG\([KFKFP[VKTMPGFCGZB
)CKRF(.NPZG\[FGBZXGQNYCN,GNMQFVGLPFCGZB,RP\KYBG\GTOMGGRF"TNPR\
NF[VKT"GFGBKFKFEGPFNCGZB.
"GTNMQF\VKNFP\YCN\,GFEPTG\R[BZGIZG\KOTNFV\I".\VKNFFKBCY[F
NFKEPG\NCGZB,GFEPTG\FQ[PIHKYG\B\FV\IV\GI.BOMQ,"EPTG\"FQVTGNF
[PBV[Z\NRGNFKG\EGPKONCGZB.
86|��œ�Ø�œ���ł
�ø Øœ�� �����ª�œªÆłØ��Ø� Ø,�º� �º�œ�Æ�,��ł�
ƪłŒæ���,�ø�øغ��Ø�ÆØ���ªł�����ø�,�تÆ�ÆÆ�ł�...
�ºø�ª���ª�œªÆłØ��Ø� ØƺªØøœÆØ���œ��ت؜�łÆ�œ
��ª�ø,��ÆØ��تØ�Øł�Æ���ł�œ.ø� ØØ ���,øØ�ł����Ø��ª
�,øØ�º��تØ��Æ���º���º���øØ�øØØ�Æ��� œ�ø�Ø�.łÆ"ø,���łØªł��œæ��,"�’���Ø"
M[BRIRGTGSYKOCHGFZ,TGCZKOEZMRGMNFMGIG\GFBGZG\FJPGRKOCG.DOBOBRIRG
NBKMGNKOTEKKQNBCIQGNFZDK[B\FECZKOFBNF,FOTGCZKOEZMRG,P[VKTKOTNKRG
GP[RKOBG\RG.BKQ[GOEZLBIZ\NDEGN.MPGVTGJ[NBPCKQTEKKQMKXEFGBDEN
GP\V\I,BCNPZDK[EIUVRKPKNF\ZGXWPVKRFNVKRF,NIV[,NCEGY,NFMKZMNECZ.
NBP[RFBKNG\IG[G\FYZKBFCHGFZ\TGZZCRG=NVTPKOFECZKOKKZBGNRG
JGCKOKG\Z,NVTPKOVIG\.NVTPKOR[PI,NVTPKORCMF.NVTPKOR\ZD[,NVTPKOHF
NBKG\KZCRG[GOZG[O.CSGVG[NECZ,ZYF\PEF\CKBN\GXBG\.TNKRGNFRKI
NMGIG\[NFHGFZNVTGNTNKRGMEK[RGMNNDEGNGNXPGIPCIKRFZGIRK\.
œ� �� ��Ø
BVKNGBOBEOKIKFBNU[RKO,CKGO[RS\NYPQFTGNO,
KEPFNGMBKNGNBIKBNBKGOBIE.
HGFZNTO,VZ[\GKIK,BG\ZXD
PFYGZFBK\RGBIZKPG\G[NFDGU?BONBF\TNKRGCPFNLIKKRGPEZD\FIKNEZD\
FBEO,BONBFDTRGNF[\GG\FXGZF=ZM[RGB\\MGR\FBFCFGFR\KRFGRT[KRG
EGPKONCGZB=GP\GLMLNDKNGKFCGZB,NBR[BZPBK\RGECZ.FRYGEFFZGIRK\
[FKK\FCRGGNBVK\IRGBG\F,IGHZ\GP\DNDN\NTGNO[NRG,PYCN\NCG[IE[
)\GSV\ZXGQBDGBKSJK(,GP\IKNSKCGCRGSU[NIKKO.ZYCBPXTG\NKPGEIMP\
FYCNFRGMNNF\TNG\NEZD\FBEO.
FRFRGETPVKSGVZKOGVKSVZKOB[ZNKPGEIMP\FYCNFFGBPIGKC
CFINJNMNBEOPK[ZBN,GNGNPEBEOMNF\GZFMGNF,GCYKC["S
GVGSYKOCTNVF,DOPPGNBCPKEG\GCPT[KOJGCKOKG\ZPMNCRKEGZGGNB
87 | ��Ø�œº���Æ�ł
NPEIMP\FYCNF,FGBPIGKCNF\DNDNGNCGBTGEVTOCTGNOFHFMEK
NNPGEZHK\GZFGIMP\FBP\,[HFGPGCBCMPFPYGPG\CPEZ[KIH"N.
CTNFSGNO,"FYEP\VKIMO"
PCIKRFZGIRK\,RZ[PKONRXIZYFPBPXKO[NRGNF\V\IG\BNPTCZNEZD\FIK.
M[EZD\FIK[NRGPVSKYFNF\YKKO,MNGPZ,M[FDGU[NRGP\,BRIRGR[BZKOZYTO
PF[ZM[RGPFEZDFFTNKGRFPPRF.PMBQPGCQ[FTKSGYCHGFZFGBFECZFDEGN
CKG\Z[BRIRGKMGNKONT[G\CIKKRG,FZCFPTNGPTCZNMNECZ[BV[ZNFZGGKI
CTGNOFHF.
CTRKKQZGGIKOI[GCNFCKQ[PYGZO[NMNF\TRGDKOFGBC"TGNOBKQ=SGU".
F\TRGDKOCBKOMBGZFTNKGQGTGCZKOEZLPTZM\[NIPK[FTGNPG\[CFOP\PTJ
FBGZFTNKGQPPBFBIGHKOTENBVS.GBH,EZLYGFDCGN[PVZKECKQFTGNOFZGIRK
NTGNO[NRG,VGZWNTGNPRGBKH[FGRKXGWYJRJQ.BDC,DOFPETDKNF[FKYGO[NRG
F\IKNNFKCRG\PRKXGWYJQ[NBRZDKFTNKGRFGPKGIE\.FRKXGWFHF,PSCKZFHGFZ,
FGBMNF\TRGD[YKKOCTGNO[NRG,GBKQP[FGBIZ.
F\TRGD[YKKOCRKXGWFHFRINYCTGNPRGN[RKSGDKOTKYZKKO:\TRGDKODGVRKKO=
BGMN,PKQ,P[VIFGMEGPF,G\TRGDKOBRG[KKO=TG[Z,MCGE,[NKJF,KET.
PFFFCENCKQMNF\TRGDKOFNNGNCKQF\TRGDKOCTGNOFZGIRK?ZB[K\,MN\TRGDK
FTGNO[NRG=[NMNFBR[KO,CMNFPYGPG\GCMNFHPRKO=PS\MPKONMEKRKXGW
YJRJQBIE[NBGZ.FVTZCKQFRKXGWFHFNCKQF\TRGD[PGZD[CTGNOFZGIRKFGB
BEKZ.FHGFZPEPFB\FVTZFHFMVTZCKQRZEYKYNTGP\BGZTXGO,BGCKQDZDKZ
BIENTGP\TGNOGPNGBG.[RK\,CTGNO[NRGF\TRGDCBGFGNL,FGBNBYCGT,TEMEK
ML[CSGVG[NECZBRIRGRTNPKO,P\KO.GBKNGCTGNOFZGIRKF\TRGDFGBRXIK;BRIRG
PZDK[KOB\FYKGO[NRGPTNNHPQ,N\RGTFGNPYGO.
NSKMGO,BRGTGPEKOCVRKF\V\IG\RVNBFBNFEZDFFDCGFFCKG\ZCPXKBG\.SVZ
FHGFZF\DNFMKGOMEKNFCKBNRGB\FBGZ[KSKKTNRGNDEGN.
�º�ø�ª�łØŒ�ª�œ��œ:�ª�œ��机�Ææ�ª�ª� �,�ª�œ
�œ����,øت��Ø��,��ØŒ Æł�,���Ø���Æ�,������Ø�Œ...
�º��Ø机��ª�œ�Œæ�ª�œœ�ł.��ł�ªø,øØłøØłØ,��œØ�œœ�Æ-œ��
88|��œ�Ø�œ���ł
�ł�9
��łºœ"łÆØø����"���æ�łØØ�ł�æ�ł��ł�� Øø��œ
��ł�����ł��Ø��.
ł�"�,"ª��œ���Ø�ÆØŒ"
FHGFZFGBP\RF[YKCNFFBRG[G\PFCGZB,EZLFPYGCNFBNGYKFTXGOZCK[PTGQ
CZKGIBK.FKK\FCZCK[PTGQR[PFPKGIE\.FGBIKCZC\GMGB\MNFR[PG\[YEPG
NG,GNMQFXNKINFGCKNB\ICGZ\CTNKFHGFZNF[DFZGIRK\[NBFKK\FMEGDP\F,
NDPZF\KYGQ.
CTNKFHGFZIKGCHPQPKGIE,GMNNGC\GMO[\KRYGEG\YGJCKG\:DPZF\KYGQ[NFO
PXEBIE,GIGZCRGFZGIRK[NMNNFTOPXE[RK.P[GOMLFOFXNKIGNKXGZY[ZCKQ
FBGZFDEGN[RYZB"HKFZBTKNBF"=HGFZTNKGQ=NCKQFTGNO[NRG.TNDGENPTN\O
BV[ZNNPGEPFECZKOFCBKO:
B[ZKMOCTGNOFHFGCTGNOFCB.MGNMOYEG[KO.MGNMOCRKBNYKOFYEG[.
TNKMOM\GC,HFKBPZNF’BRKGHFKYZBC[OKTYC.MNBIEPMOBIGH
GR\Y[ZCPNLFYEG[FTNKGQ.GB\O[ZKOPPGRKOCTNKPDQPBG\GBZW,
[RYZBBZWFIKKO,FRGYCBFPNCK[FNBPBTKNBF,[[ZKGBGMNKOPQFP#Q
[NFJNFYEG[.
HGFZNTO,VZ[\NLNL,BG\\PF
89 | ��łºœ"łÆØø����"
SVZFHGFZ[FOFTRKYGNRG,FGBFPYGZFTKYZK[K[CKERGN\KYGQFR[PF.CKQMN
M\CKFYGE[[RM\CGBKVTO,FINPSVZZHKBNFPNBLEZLF\R"LGTEKPKRG,BKQBU
SVZ[P[\GGFCTGXP\GFZGIRK\NHGFZ.MNFPYGCNKOM\CG[CSVZFHFJPGQBGZ
DEGNPBGE,PYGZMGIPKGIE,GM[BGPZKO[FYCNFFKB"VRKPKG\F\GZF"BG"\GZ\
BP\"P\MGGRKOYGEOMGNNSVZFHGFZ.
PK[YGZBCG,DOBOFGBNBPCKQECZ,P\GLFZXGQ[NGNFZDK[TNPFPECZ
FSVZ,PTGZZTNTXPGMGIBEKZ[PIGNNCG[KRGKVRKPK.NMQBR[KO[PXJZVKO
N[KTGZKFHGFZPZDK[KO[K[C[KTGZKOFBNFP[FGIHYPBGE.FONB\PKEKGETKO
NFSCKZPF,BCNP[FGYGZFNFOa]VRKO.
CTNKFHGFZFMKRGNRGPTZM\F\V\IG\.CTGNO[NRGBRGZGBKOBG\FMSVZ,BL
NPT[FHGFKPTZM\[NPF[FMKRGCPKGIETCGZRG.HFMPG\KRGY[RGNEGBKRGKGET
[MCZFMKRGTCGZGFMGN=IK\GNKO,TZKSF,TDNF,BGMNPKGIEGXTXGTKONMN[NC
CF\V\IG\G.FTGNOTCEGTGCETCGZGMNFHPQ.PEGZNEGZBRIRGPMKRKOKG\ZGKG\Z
ECZKON\KRGYG\[RGNEKO;FBFCFPIKKC\BG\RG.
FTCGEF[F[YKTGCTNKFHGFZFKBTXGPF.FONBTSYGCM\KCFJMRK\[NTGESVZ
IMPF,BNBFTCKZGEZMOMPGEZLPRDRGQPKGIEB\MNFBGZFTNKGQ,GFMKRGBG\G
NYCNFC\GLFR[PG\[NRG.
M[BRIRGPS\MNKOCSVZFHGFZ,BRIRGNBZGBKOCGECZPTCZNRKKZGNBG\KG\.BCN
FZXGQ[NRGNDEGNPVTKNCNKKEKT\RGB\FPRDRGQFZGIRK[FOFMKRGNRG,GEZMGPDKT
BNKRGFBGZ.NMQBRIRGPYCNKOF[ZBFPFM\CKOFNNG.
����ØØÆ����Æ�Ø,�º��Øø,����ª�º�œ�Æ�?�� ØøÆ�
ªÆł�ª��,�ł��Ø��łæ��:ºØØøæ��� �����Ø��ł�Œ���æ�ØÆ�º�œ
�Æ�,������Øø�Ø �ÆØ Ø�ø���ªØ,����œ�Œ�ø��ł���
����ÆØ��ø���ªØ,���łłØ��Ø�œ��ł�œ��Ø�Ø�œ
ø�œ...ø���łÆØ�œ�ª���ª,øØ�Ø��ø���œ�.
Æ��æ��,"�ª��œ���ª�øłæ�Øł�œ",��œ�
90|��œ�Ø�œ���ł
��łºœæØ��ł�� Øœ
CHPQFYZKBFCHGFZTNKRGNZXG\NF\ICZNMNBG\OFBR[KOCBZWGCTGNO[F\TGZZF
CFO"FRYGEF[CNC",GDOFOZGXKONYCNPFHGFZMGINF\V\IG\.GMLDOBOBRIRG
RPXBKOZYC\IKN\FEZL,BRIRGPYCNKOCIHZFMGIBEKZ[KEIUBG\RGYEKPF.
CKIEBRIRGFZCFPBGEBR[KO,GHFMCZMGITXGO[KMGNNIGNN[KRGK[NPP[
CTGNO.F[KRGKFHFKMGNNYZG\CMNZDT,CMNEYF,BVKNGMT\.XZKLZYND[\BN
FHGFZTOZXGQNF\ICZNMGNO.
BKQPK[KV\INGPZ[KZF,GBKQPK[KSKKO[KZ\G.MNGPZ,BG\O[TGPEKO
CBPXTF[KZF,BKRODGPZKO[KZ\O,MKMGNORPXBKO,NFY[KCNYGNG[N
ZCK[PTGQ.TE[NBR[PTCMNFZYKTKO[NPTNFG[NPJF,V\IGQVF.
M[DPZZCK[PTGQNTSGYC\GZF,PKZBF[KZKO,PKZBF[PIF[N
FP[CIKONBEGRO,ZBFFYGNG\FFGNMKOCMNFZYKTKO.GC[CKNZCK[PTGQ,
CBKOMNFR[PG\GFPNBMKO,GMGZTKOGP[\IGGKONVRKBEGRO,GPTNKOZKIG\
FC[PKO[CTEQ,FBZ\FIMPF,TET\KYKGPKQ.GMNHFC[CKNZCK[PTGQ.
HGFZNTO,VZ[\[PG\,BG\ZPC
NBPEGCZMBQC[CIG[NBEOC[ZGEOBNBCPTZM\ZGIRK\[RYZB\"ZCK[PTGQ".
NPFFMGGRF?FR[PFFMNNK\CRGKFPINYKOCTNK\VYKEKO[GRKO,CEGPFNBKCZKO
CDGUFBEO=PGI,NC,MNKG\GMG’.R[P\G[NZCK[PTGQ,[TNKFPEGCZCYJTHF,
FKBINYI[GCCKG\ZCR[PFFMNNK\,MKFKBPGCKNFB\F\KYGQ[NK\ZFR[PG\.
FR[PG\FDEGNG\[YEPGNGFGCKNGB\F\KYGQMNVKK[ZBN,GBKNGR[P\ZCK
[PTGQFKBPTZM\[PTCKZFB\F\KYGQNTGNOMGNG.C[GRFP\GZ\P[F[PJZ\F
N\YQZYB\K[ZBN,FHGFZRGTEN\YQB\MNFBRG[G\.FPEZDFFPP[KMFB\R[P\
ZCK[PTGQFKBR[P\ZCKBNTHZ,CRG,GFKBMCZPMGGR\NDPZF\KYGQFMNNK.48
ML
PSGEZ\PTZM\FR[PG\[EZMQKGZEFBGZ[P\YQB\FR[PG\[NRGGPPNBBG\Q.
CBGFBCG\,GP[F,GBFZGQEGEG[NPFGCZMGB\ZCK[PTGQ.GBPZG,B\F
PBGZYEG[,GFICZKO[NL...[FOPBKZKOPPL.GCMNBIERBPZCG,RZF’
R[P\BEO.GP[FPBKZCL,GB\Fa#ICZKO[NL,GMGNMOBIECNBVKZGE
MNN.GP[OGBKNLP\V[JKOF&B@ZG\NMNCTNKFIMPF.
HGFZNTO,VZ[\VRIS,BG\\\ME
C[NC[CGRPXBFKGOFTGNO,I[GC[RKECYCPTZM\"ZCK[PTGQ",MKFKB[PGCKNF
MT\B\MNF\KYGRKO.HGDOFSKCFNML[SVZFHGFZFGNLGP\VZSOMT\CMNFTGNO.
91 | ��łºœ"łÆØø����"
TEFKGOMGNOKETG[K[P[FGPKGIECSVZFHGFZ,BCNNBFZDK[GXGZLNV\GI
BG\G.FKGO,M[FTGNORYNTNP[CZMGNN,FHGFZIKKCNF\DNG\.HFGFBPXTKFKIKE
N\KYGQFTGNO.EZMGBRIRGKMGNKOGXZKMKONYCNMGIG\MEKNFDKTBNFZPFFTNKGRF
[NFJCT,BNFTGNOFTNKGQ.
B[ZKINYO[NBNGFKG[CKONVRKZCK[PTGQGHMGN[PGTPVKGSGEG\
F\GZF...BPZZ’[PTGQ,B[ZKMOICZKO,[MNSGENBRTNOPMO.
HGFZNTO,VZ[\K\ZG,BG\YT
MNPK[ZGXFNYCNMGIPFPTZM\FHGRI[CM"KG[CNVRKZCK[PTGQ".DOBRIRG.BEO
[RGDTBVKNGCPYX\C"PTZM\ZCK[PTGQ",MCZRPXB\I\F[VT\F.
BONBFKK\ZCK[PTGQCQKGIBK,NBFKFRPSZNDNf\.FHKGGD[CTGNOFFGB,
TG[FVKZG\KG\ZPCHKGGD[RT[FCTGNOFHF.a#HKGGD[NFO,CHKGGD[NTGNO
FFGB,C\[GYF[NFOMBIE,M[P\ECYG\FR[PG\HGTOHG,TG[KOVKZG\.
GKGXBKOPFOBGZG\,GRT[KORZG\.GFOFR[PG\BNFDZKO[P\DKKZKO.GMN
BNGFR[PG\[RGNEG\PBNGFHKGGDKO,RMRSKONFKMNBIE.
HGFZNTO,VZ[\[NINL,BG\ZC
M[PECZKOTN"ZCK[PTGQ"MPTZM\HFBGNKYX\PCNCN,BHRT[FZDTSEZCECZKO.
NVRKM=800,1[RFBMQIKBEO[YZBGNGZCK[PTGQ,GFGBM\CTOICZKG=\NPKEKGB\
SVZFHGFZ.BCNIGWPHF[FOIKGCTGNPRGGM\CGB\FSVZCBGVQVKHK,FOFTCKZG
EZLFR[PF[NFOB\MNFF\VTNGKG\[TNKFQM\CG.
BOCTNKFHGFZNBFKGIKKOCTGNPRG,FONBFKGKMGNKONM\GCNRGSVZ.BCNBOFO
NBFKGIKKOCTGNOFTNKGQ,FONBFKGKMGNKON\YQP[FG,GBHFSVZNBFKFRG\QNRG
MNGO.MNGPZ,KIETOFM\KCFFOCKXTG\KYGQVRKPKCZP\FR[PG\,CTGNOFTNKGQ.
FM\KCFFKBCSLFMGNCKJGKIKXGRK[NY[ZP\GYQ[NBFCFGIKCGZCKQFR[PG\.
FY[ZFHFPBV[ZNBGZNZE\PTGNOBKQ=SGU,EZLFPTZM\[NFO,MPTJTEBNKRG.
NPFZYMPTJ?MKFBGZTGPEPP[PTNKRG,GPF[REZ[PBK\RGFGBZYYX\NZXG\
NYCNBG\G.
�Øø �łª��łÆØø����,º�Ø�� �łª�º���ł��,�łøœØœł�,��œœØ�
92|��œ�Ø�œ���ł
�ł�10
�����œ��Ø� ت�,ºØŁłø ���� ���Ø� Æł�� Æł�Ø,Ø��ł��Ø��
�ø�Ł�����œº���Ø��œ.���Øø����� �Ø
ÆÆ�Ø œ��ØłłØ� Ø����,���º�Ø�����ł
�Ø�-æ���ø�Ł��...
�º�øł��Æł�� ��ø�Ł�Æł���œ�����œ����Ø��œ
���Ø,���Ø����łø�Ø��œ�����œØ�,ø��œØ��ºØ �ØØ�,
øØœ��œæØÆœÆłØ�œ�����œ, ������œ����
�Ø�-æ��Æ ��ª����Øœ...� ºÆłØ���,øØ�º��ø
�Ø�œ ���Ø,� Æł�Ø,�Ø��łØ,� �øØ.
�ł"Ø�ª�ø,"�ı�ØØ"49
CVZYHFRTSGYCPCRFFPXKBG\GCTGNPG\FTNKGRKO.FKETFHFKBV[ZNRGNFCKQB\
FIKKOJGCKG\Z,GKTHGZNRGNVTRIPFPS\\ZPBIGZKFPKNKO[CSVZFHGFZ.
BRIRGRPXBKOCPXKBG\[MGNN\B\FCGZB,B\FRCZBKOGB\FPTZM\[EZMF
FCGZBP\Y[ZNRCZBKO.CBPXTG\FPTZM\FHGFCGZBPGCKNBG\RGBNPJZ\
FCZKBF=NFKJKCNRG,MNGPZNBV[ZNRGNFKG\MPGFG.FCGZBZGXFNINGYBK\RG
CMNPF[K[NG.MPGBCBBGFC.
BCNFCGZBXZKLNDZGONRGNF\V\IML[RFKFTXPBKKO,GNMQFGBIKKCNFVTKNB\
F[VT\GTNKRGP[RKXEEKO=CZIPKOGCEKQ.NPZG\[[RKFOKGXBKOPPRG,P"NCG"
FJGCGFBGFC,FOP\VXNKOMNVKRGNMGIG\PRGDEKOGP\YCNKOCRGMF[VTG\[NJGC
GZT,ZIPKOGEKQ,BGZGIG[L.
93 | ������œ���Ø��Ø�
M[BRIRGMBQ"NPJF"PYCNKOB\MNPBGZTG\FIKKO,TNKRGNHMGZ[DOCF[VTF
[RZBK\DZGTFGY[FCKG\Z,ZXGRGZYNFKJKCNRG.
BOBRIRGHGMZKONICZB\FMGNBNKGGP[\ENKONF\PYECML["BKQTGEPNCEG"
G[FGB"JGCGPKJKC",BHBRIRGPICZKOB\[RKFYGGKOFBNF=FZIPKOGFEKQ=[GC
NBIE,NBG\GFPYGZ.GPMKGGQ[BRIRGBNF[PICZKOBG\OCNCRGGCPGIRG,BRIRG
PDKTKONECYG\CCGZB.
BCNM[BRIRGPRSKONF\IKNNT[G\HB\,BRIRGPDNKO[Y[FPBGENICZB\MN
FECZKOFZTKOGFJGCKODOKIEBNFCGZB.NFCKQ[FMGNCBPPRGGZYNPJZFJGCF.
BHBRIRGPGXBKOB\TXPRGPCY[KOPPRGMGIMEK[RGMNNKKIEB\FMGNBNKG.
NKPGEIMP\FYCNFCYCGXFFGBFBPXTK[PYEOGPMGGQBG\RGC\FNKLFHF.
CPFNLFNKPGEGFTCGEFCYCGXFFBDG[NRGDENGP\DNFNRGCMN[NCMIHYKG\Z,ZT
KG\ZGBMHZKG\Z.FGBPRSFNCNCNBG\RGGNDZGONRGNI[GC[K[TGEPNCEG,G[FGB
NBZYJGCGPKJKC.M\GXBFPMLBRIRGRBNXKONVRG\KG\ZGKG\ZNCGZBMEKNYCNPPRG
MGIRGSUNF\DCZG\TNFBDG.
BRIRGP\DCZKOGFGBP\TXO,P\DCZKOGFGBP\TXOTGEYX\.MLBRIRGTGNKO[NC
[NCTE[BRIRGPXNKIKONI[GUGN\YQB\MNFBDG[FKFJPGQCRGPNM\IKNF.BH
BRIRGPDKTKONIKCGZ[NOTOFCGZB,NECYG\.RT[KOMPGFG.HFFGVLDOBG\RG
NBKRSGVKKO,PBV[ZNRGNZBG\B\MNFPXKBG\,NNB[GODCGNCKQFIKKONPGG\,
NFCKQGNFZDK[FMGN=NF\PNBCBGZ.
MEKNBV[ZNRGNCXTB\MNF\FNKL,FCGZBKXZCKRGNCKRKRGPTZM\Y[Z.EZMF
FGBPRFKDBG\RGPNPTNF,GEZMFBRIRGKMGNKOPNPJFNCY[GNYCNPPRGTHZF.
FPTZM\FHGP\INY\NMPFINYKO:
.1FINYFTNKGQ=TGNOBKQ=SGU=[CGRPXBFCGZBCMGIGFDNGK.
.2\I\KGTGNOBEOYEPGQ=[CGFCGZBPINYB\F[VT\GNIPK[FSGDKF[VTF
CF\BONIP[ZPG\FBDG[NRG.
.3\I\KGTGNOFBXKNG\=HGFKPTZM\FFRFDFGFF[DIF,GFKBPIGNY\NIPK[F
INYKO:M\Z,IMPF,CKRF,HTKZBRVKQGPNMG\.BNFRYZBKODOT\KY,BZKLBRVKQ,
BCBGBKPB,HMZGRGYCB)RYCF(.
lT\KYGBZKLBRVKQ=FHGFZPMRFBG\O"ZB[FRTNO"[NFBXKNG\.
lBCBGBKPB=PFOCBKOBNKRGMNFBGZG\.
lFBGZG\FBNFTGCZKOEZLHTKZBRVKQGPDKTKONRGYCB=NPNMG\[N
FBXKNG\,[RYZB\"[MKRF"=MKBNKFPDKTPBKQ=SGUMNFBGZFPKGTE
94|��œ�Ø�œ���ł
NR[PG\.FPNMG\RYZB\DO"MRS\K[ZBN"P[GO[FKBMGRS\C\GMFB\
MNFR[PG\[ZGXG\NFDKTK[Z=BN,MNGPZNTNG\NTGNOBKQ=SGU.
.4\I\TGNOFBXKNG\YKKPKOTGNPG\FCZKBF,FKXKZFGFT[KF)CK"T(=[CFO
RPXBG\FR[PG\[NRG.
.5GNCSGU=FTGNOFHF.
\Z[KO10
FPNMG\RYZB\CN[GQFHGFZDO"BZW",GFCKRF)BKPB(RYZB\DO"[PKO".NHTKZ
BRVKQGNPNMG\MKRGKKO[GRKOCHGFZ:[GMQG[MKRF,FYC"FGMRS\K[ZBN,I\QGMNF,
HMZGRGYCB.
BNFFQZYEGDPBG\PTJG\MKNMNBIEPPZMKCKFPXKBG\FNNGK[CHGFZMKRGKKO
ZCKOP[V\FPEZ[.MEKNSKKTNRGNF\ICZCMNVTONPFG\FECZKO,FYVKECTN
FSGNONFXPKEBNFMKRGKKOF[GRKODOB\FPGRIKOFYCNKKO.
º������œ�º��øłÆœ�º�� Æł�����ÆøÆØ��ª
Æ��æ��,"�ª���œØ���º�œ�Æ�",��œŁ
MNFTGNPG\FBNFNBRPXBKOCPYGOVKHK,BNBFOMPG\MGRG\[BKQNFQPYGO,
RVIBGP[YN.
95 | ������œ���Ø��Ø�
BEO[RPXBCZXGQFBDGBKSJK[BK\GFGBRGNE,RPXBC\MGRG\KGCTGNOFHF.BO
P\TGZZ\CGFRYGEF[CNCGFGBP\IKNNFZDK[[FGBZGXFNDEGNPCIKRFZGIRK\,
[GBUNFDKTNPPEDCGFKG\Z,HFRYZB[FGBRPXBC\MGRG\KGCTGNPG\CK"T.
CTCGEFTNTXPGC\GLYCGXF[NGPE\B\IMP\FYCNF,FGBP\IKNNTGZZ
PNPTNFEZLMNFTGNPG\BGZFPIHKZNPGJC,BGZP]EZD\BKQ=SGU.FBGZFHFKGXZCG
XGZLNFDKTTOFYCGXF[NGNPNMG\[NFBXKNG\.M[FGBRMNNCPNMG\EBXKNG\,*
FGBPTGZZB\FZXGQ[NGNFDKTNCGZB,NFZDK[BG\G,N\\NGCIHZF,MPG[FCGZB
RG\QNG.
FZXGQFMNNKFHF[NFR[PG\,TGNFPFPNMG\NHTKZBRVKQEBXKNG\.HTKZBRVKQ
PTNFB\FZXGQFHFNBCBGBKPBEBXKNG\,GP[OFGBTGNFFNBFGFNBFTEBKQ=SGU.
GBHPBKQ=SGU[GVTBGZMNVKPJFEZLMNFPTZM\TEBCBGBKPB,PFONHTKZBRVKQ
GP[ONPNMG\=GFR[PG\[RPXBG\CPNMG\PYCNG\B\FPKNGK.
MB[ZFR[PG\PYCNG\B\FPKNGK,FQDENG\GRMRSG\NKKIGETOHTKZBRVKQ.HFRYZB
KKIGEF[MKRFTOFYC"F,BGKKIGEFR[PG\TOFCGZB.
XZKLNT[G\FZCFVTGNG\MBNF,TE[MNFZXGRG\[RPXBKOC\GLFR[PG\KPP[G
B\TXPO.M[MNFZXGRG\K\GYRGGKFKGPMGGRKON\\NCGZBMPG[FCGZBRG\QNFO,KDKT
DPZF\KYGQ.
PFFTRKKQ[TGPECCSKSMNF\FNKLFHF?NCGZBK[PNM\IKNFZXGQN\\,GNMQBKQ
[GOJTONCY[PPRG[KK\Q[VTG\TRGD,MPG[BRIRGCEZLMNNTG[KO.NCGZBK[PF
N\\GK[NGZXGQBKRSGVKN\\,BCNFGBZGXF[FBEONBKFKFS\OPYCNGRIG\PPRG,
BNB[KFKFMPGFG,[KFKFDEGN,TXPBKGP[VKT,EGPFC\MGR\GNCGZB.
BRIRGZDKNKONCY[PKNGK,CHPQ[TNKRGNCY[\KYGQ.MB[ZRZMG[B\F\KYGQ,
MNGPZRFVGLCTXPRGNP[VKTKO,R\IKNPKENFZDK[B\MNF[VT[NFCGZB
GNF\PNBCG.CPKNKOBIZG\,FCTKF[NRGFKB[BRIRGNBPCKRKOPFNCY[PFCGZB.BRIRGRPXBKOC\GLKO[N[VT,JGCGTGRD,BCNISZNRGMNKYKCGNP\BKO,[C\GMG
RGMNNIG[HB\.FMNKFHFFGB\MGR\FBFCFGFR\KRF,GBG\FBRIRGXZKMKONCY[
PFCGZB.MMN[\FKFNRGF\MGRFFHG,MLRIG[B\F[VT[PPNBBG\RG.
PXEFCGZBK[ZYFDCNFBI\,ZY\RBKBIENYCN\F[VT=BRIRGXZKMKONFKG\
MPGFG.FGBZGXF[BRIRGRKFRF,MPG[FGBRFRF.
NPFFMGGRF?RRKI[BRKPDKTNCKYGZBXNBEGQPMGCE.FPBZI,CTNFCK\,PDK[NK
MNPKRKPTERKOBKMG\KKOCPKGIE,PHPKQBG\KN[IYBK\GDGNU,N[PGTPGHKYF
YNBSK\...BCNBRK,BEOV[GJ,NBPDNFTRKKQCMNBNF.BKQNK[GOY[ZNHF,NB
*"E"~BZPK\|VKZG[G"[N".
96|��œ�Ø�œ���ł
IGGK\KECZKOMBNGPTGNOGBRKNBZGXFCFO.BRKPS\MNTNCTNFCK\CVNKBF
GBGPZ:"PFB\FZGXFPPRK?!CB\KBNKLNBMEKNKFRG\PPF[B\FBGFC,BNBPPF
[BRKBGFC!"
GCTNFCK\P[KC:"KEKEK,BRKZGXFN\\NLECZKOMNMLDEGNKO,[B\FBVKNGNB
KMGNNEPKKQTEMPFFOJGCKO.\T[FYX\PBPW,\\ZDNBNKFO,G\BPKQNK[\XNKI
NZBG\B\FKGVK[CFO.B\F\ZDK[[FODGZPKONLTGRDDEGNCFZCFPHF[B\F
PZDK[TM[KG".
PFTG[KO?BRKKMGNNHZGOTOCTNFCK\,NF[\ENNNPGEPPRGB\FJTPKO
FIE[KONPZG\[BRKNBRP[LBNKFO,GBHNBJNBJCBP\B\IKNNFZDK[CFO
JTOPKGIEPBGE,JTODQTEQPP[.GKMGNDONFKG\[BRKBGPZNCTNFCK\:"B\F
KGETPF,Y[FNKNF\ZDNNECZKOFIE[KOFBNF.BRKNBKMGN.THGC,BRKIGHZ
NIKKOFV[GJKO[NK".
"CSEZ,\IHGZ",FGBP[KC.
BCNM[BRKIGHZNIKKO[NK,BRKP\IKNNFZDK[[FOCBP\NBPKKGETPF.GBHBRK
RHMZCBG\QPKNKO[NCTNFCK\,TNJTPKOBIZKO,TNKGRKO,GBRKCMNHB\IGHZBNKG.
GKMGNNFKG\[DOFVTOBRKBIHGZNTXPK,G[GCBNCTNFCK\,GMLMPFGMPFVTPKO.
TE[CNK\CZKZFBCKQ[BRKPGMZIN[GCBNCTNFCK\,G[BRKXZKLB\THZ\GMEK
NFINKUB\FJTPKO[NKNJTPKO[NG,MKCFO,BRKMCZKGET,BZDK[B\JTOFIKKO.
"� øØ�Æ �,�øØÆł���ø����œ���łæ�œ���ª,ÆŁ��� �ºØ,
øº�ø���œ�æ���œØØ����������,�œÆØŁ������,��Ø .�ØØ �,
ø������ ø��œ�º�Æ ØØłª,øØ�:��Ł�Æ�ØØ �?º���ł,
�æ�łø �œ�ØØ ����,���Ø� �ÆØ��łº�ºŒ,ªØØ ��łÆØœØØæ�łØ
��º��ÆØø� �æ�Æ�ØÆ�ª,ƺªØ�ø�Ø�����łØœ, ,�Ø��
�?��ÆØœłªØ��:��Ø� Ø� ?
����œøºÆł ������łØª�ł�œ,�łłÆ�.��Ø��łØŒ���łÆª�ł ��,
ø��Øł��Øø����Ø������œ��ª�œ.�º��,��ø��
Æ�Ø ���ªœÆº�œ�����łØł�œ,øłØ��œØØ����øœ��œ �Æ�œØ
�ł��,�� �łœ�œ��� ���ø�Ø�œ ��ª��ł,ÆŁłø ��Ø������
œ�Æ��ت��,ªØØ �,�Øæ��Æ�ت�œÆ�ł�Ø�ØØ,ºª�œ���.�º�,
��œł���تæœ����,ªØÆłºœ�Æ:"Ł����ł��,ºØŁ�Æ’".
Æ��æ��,"�ª��œ���ª�øłæ�Øł�œ",��œØ�œÆ-�
97 | ������œ���Ø��Ø�
º���ª� ˜Æ���ł�ø����
�ł�œ��ø���,
�ł�œ���œ���œ��Æ,
��œ�œ��Ø������œ,
�ø���ł�����ªÆ�ł�œ��Œ,
�ø�����ªÆ�ł�œ��Œ.
�øº�����ø�˘���Æł��Œ
Æ��������Æ��Æ,
�Æ��Œ����æ��ÆØÆ�Œ,
�º���ª� ˜Æ���ł�ø����.
�œ����ø����
����ł���
�����ł���˜Ø�øº�����
���ı��� ���.
�Ø��ø��ª�¨Æł,
��� �øØ,
��������ª,
���ł��œ����œ���ªÆ�ł,
�����ø� �¨��ø����.
Æ��œ����,
ł����øœ����Ø���œ,
ł����øœ����Ø,
���ø� ��œÆ���ł��œ��Œ.
æ�ł"�Æ�ÆØ�"
98|
�ł�11
���ØØœ�łØ�Æ��ł�ø����ł�ª�ø���æ���� ø�,��ø�Ø ��ÆØ�º��
�ø���ł.º�ø� º æ�� �œø�Æ�ø,�����Øø��
���º��,�º����łØ�Ł�Æ��Ł���.
ł’�ø�ØØ��łØ�æªØ���Æ,"ª���� ��łØ",�Ø��ŁØ
SVZFHGFZFGBMNKRVNB[CKMGN\GNV\GICVRKRGTGNOGPNGBG[NDKNGKKOTXGPKO
GPV\KTKO.
FHGFZFGBPTKQ[TZNPXKBG\FBPK\K\,[MZDTRS\Z\PIG[KRG.BLMEK[RXNKI
NF[\P[CKTKNG\CMGIFDKNGK[JPGQCG,TNKRGNFVRKOB\XGZ\FYZKBFFRMGRF
CHGFZ.IP[\FMNNKOFCBKOKSMPGB\MN\MRKFSVZ,GKTHZGNMONF\MGRQNYZB\
FPSTFDEGNC[CKN+KFHGFZ.
99 | ���ØØœ��łØ�Æ��ł
º��ł�ø��:"�Æ�ÆØ�"
BN\IV[GFCRF[MNK\
B\SVZFHGFZNGPEKOTO"FNC",EZLFZXGQGFZD[.NPFFMGGRF?CRKDGENXGZG\
FNKPGEFZDKNG\FRFGDG\CTGNPRG,FPCGSSG\TNTKCGE[MNK[NTGCEG\GR\GRKO,MBQ
TNKRGNV\IDK[F[GRFNINGJKQ.NKPGEFHGFZRGTENTGZZCRG[KRGKVRKPK,GNFM[KZ
BG\RGNYNKJ\FPXKBG\FRS\Z\.
PKE\FFXNIFCNKPGE\NGKFBLGZYCPKE\FF[\GYYG\[NRGNDNG\GNFZDK[
B\FPXKBG\FHG.NMQBKQMNXGZLCKETPGYEO,CMK[ZGQBGCIMPFPKGIE\!MN
[REZ[FGBNV\IZXGQV[GJGBPK\K,NVYGIB\FTKRKKONZGGIF,NV\GIB\FNC
G"NCNGT"FMGN.
º��ø Ø:"�ª-����Ł�"
VZrGRMGQB\FPKNKO
SVZFHGFZPMKN\KBGZKOGPG[DKOZCKOFPGMZKONRGPQFTGNOFD[PK,MPG:KO,FZKO,
TXKO,VZIKO,IKG\,BR[KO,JKGNKOGPSTG\.I[GCNFCKQ[MNFVZJKO,FEPGKG\
GFPBGZTG\FPGHMZKOCSVZ,BKROPECZKOTNFTGNOFIKXGRKFRPXBSCKCRG,BNBBL
GZYTNPF[P\ZI[C\GMRG.
NMQCHPQ[BRGYGZBKOB\FHGFZ,TNKRGNF[\ENNVZ[B\FPKNKOFM\GCG\CG
MCKJGKNBG\QVTGNG\VRKPKG\FP\ZI[G\CR[PF;NZBG\B\FJYSJMD[ZFPGCKN
BNFZXGRG\GF\MGRG\FTPGYKOCKG\Z[NRG.
º��ø�ØøØ:"���łøÆ���Øł����ŁÆ"
IV[GB\FPBGZ
NBVTOBRG[GPTKOMKCSVZFHGFZK["SDGNF"PKGIE\.SDGNFFKBIGYF\V\IG\
JCTK[VGTNCMN\FNKMKFIKKO,GNBMGIPKSJKEPKGRK.
FPYGCNKOPSCKZKOMKFTGNOFD[PK[NRGR[NJMGNGTNKEKFZXGQFBDGBKSJKNRXN
B\FHGN\,GBKNGCTGNOFZGIRKVGTN\ZYFMGGRFNBFGCGN\\.NMQRK\QNRGBPXTK
PKGIE[\VYKEGNY[GZCKQFTGNPG\FFVGMKO,BGCPKNKOBIZG\,NMGGQB\F\MGRG\
[NRG,CF\BON\MGR\FBFCFGFR\KRF[NFTGNOFZGIRK="FPBGZFPIHKZNPGJC".
XGZ\F[VT\G[NFPBGZRS\Z\PFCR\RGMZDT,GNMQBRGPMRKOBG\FC[O"SDGNF"
BG"RS".BCNPCIKR\O[NFPYGCNKO,[RPXBKOCFMZ\FTGNOFZGIRK,BKQMBQ[GO
"RS",BNB\FNKLJCTKNINGJKQ.
100|��œ�Ø�œ���ł
MN[TNKRGNT[G\,FOPEDK[KO,FGBNYZGBB\SVZFHGFZGNZXG\[FMGIFJPGQCG
KVTNTNKRGCHPQFNKPGE.NBJNBJR\IKNNFZDK[C[KRGKVRKPKFP\IGNNCRGCHMG\
BG\GPBGZ.FTGNOFZGIRKKKV\I,GPF[RZBFCTKRKRGC\IKNFM"SDGNF",KFVGL
NIGYKG\CZGZFGPGCR\.
º��łÆØ�Ø:"�Ø�ªÆł���ªÆ� Øł���"
FMGN\NGKCZXGQ
MGNRGKGETKOBKNGPBPXKOREZ[KOPF\KRGYG\FYJRKOMEKNT[G\B\XTEKFO
FZB[GRKOCTGNO,GCBKHGF\PEFPTGZZ\F\VTNG\FOTG[KOHB\.FOBKROPGG\ZKO,
GPRSKO[GCG[GCTE[FOPXNKIKO.CBG\GBGVQDOBRIRGXZKMKONFP[KLCNKPGE
FHGFZCSCNRG\GCF\PEF,TE[R\IKN"NNM\"CMGIG\TXPRGGRDNFB\FTGNOFZGIRK.
MNFPTZM\FEZG[FNF\YEPG\MCZFGMRFTCGZRGPZB[.FECZFKIKE[TNKRGNSVY
PXERGFGBB\FZXGQNDEGN.
º����ØøØ:"º�Øø��ª,Æ�Æ��ª"
IKCGZFGBFPV\I
SVZFHGFZRM\CTNKEKYCGXF[NT[ZFPYGCNKO,B[ZFZMKCGCKRKFO"MNK"[NO,
ZXGQPBGIENDKNGKFMGIFTNKGQ[NFPXKBG\=FCGZB.ZYFY[ZFVRKPKCKRKFO,
FBFCFGFIKCGZ,BV[ZGNFONVZGWB\DCGNG\FTGNOFD[PK,GNTNG\NZP\FYKGO
FRXIK[TNKFPSGVZCHGFZ.BOCZXGRRGNNM\CTYCG\KFO,TNKRGNRSG\NCRG\CKRKRG
Y[ZEGPF,NIV[B\TGXP\FIKCGZ[[ZZFCKQ\NPKEKG[NZCK[PTGQCZKGIBK.
FHGFZRGNEP\GLBFCF,GNMQDODKNGKGFPIGE[CHPRRGK\BV[ZZYP\GLBFCF.
NVZYFHF[PSMOB\FSVZ,CIZRGTCGZMOYJTKOPKGIEKOPFHGFZ.CKQFYJTKO
[KNCRGFSCZKO,FEZMFNMGGRFRMGRFCHPQFYZKBFGTGE,MEKNSKKTCKEKMONF\ICZ
NBGZ[JPGQCHGFZ.
PGPNWNYZGBB\FVZYFHFNBJ.SVZFHGFZ,PGZFFEZL[NRGCF\V\IG\
FZGIRK\,NBRGTENYZKBFPZVZV\BNBNYZKBFCRI\FPNGGFCIKVG[VRKPKTPGY.
�Ø ���ªøØªÆł.�Æ�ªœ �Ø�ł���Øł���ø�Æ�ØÆœ�º�ø��ª.ł’� �� ª������
101 | ���ØØœ��łØ�Æ��ł
������ø�ƺ�ºŒ?
GNB\[CK\PNICZK\BNYKL.NPFPNII[GCMNML?P[GO[FGBPP@Z+Y
GPC#s+OB\FPZNFJTKOBG\G.MKPNIFEKRKO,B[ZCPSLEIKZKY,[TNKG
KGXBYGBPXTK,FPKKIEKPKQG[PBN,GFGBPPZYGPC[OGPP\KYFEKRKO
E[PBN,[FOPZKO,TOFISEKO[CYGKPKQ.GBONBFKFPNI,NBFKF
RP[LYGBPXTK,GNBFKFKMGNFTGNONSCGNB\FPZKZG\.
HGFZNTO,VZ[\GKIK,BG\\ZSG
PNIFGBKSGEMNF\CNKRKOGFGBPGSKUJTPKONBGMN.CZGIRKG\,M[BRIRGP\IKNKO
NYCNB\FBGZFTNKGQN\GLFR[PFHFRYZB[P\V[JKOCRG"JTPKO".
FKXZFZT[NRG,FIGPZFBDGBKSJK[PPRGBRIRGCRGKKO,FGBMPG\C[KNNNB
\CNKRKO.BKQNRGFRBFPPRG.NMQRBPZ"CZB\KKXZFZT,CZB\KNG\GZF\CNKQ".
CTHZ\\GSV\F\CNKQ[FBGZFTNKGQPCKBNRG,CTHZ\MGGRFRMGRF,BG\GFIGPZPYCN
JTPKORVNBKO.BHK[NRGKXZZTGNXEGFHGFZM\CNKQ,GF[KNGC[RT[FCKRKFOKGNKE
B\FYGFBPXTK.
"BONBFKFPNI,NBFKFRP[LYGBPXTK,GNBFKFKMGNFTGNONSCGNB\
FPZKZG\",BGPZFHGFZ.MGGR\GNFEDK[[BONBFKK\FNRGBV[ZG\NFP\KYB\FBDG,
NBFKKRGKMGNKONSCGNBG\G.
Ø�Æ øØ
FDKEFNK,FR[PFBGPZ\NFYC"F,BPGZNKSGEG\FIMPFFTNKGRF,BKL
B\FZGTFGPRFKDCTGNOFFGBFTNKGQ.NPEBG\KSGEG\FIMPF,[NB
KET\KGNBNPE\KTEFRF,MEK[NBBFKFCCG[FCKQBNGFPEZDG\
FTNKGRG\[BRKCBFCKRKFQ.
BONB\ETKNLFKVFCR[KO,FYC"FP[KCNR[PF,BOB\CB\GNB
FS\MN\CIMPFPJZO[CB\NMBQ,GBKRLKGET\B\SGEG\FTGNOFTNKGQ,
XBKNL.BKQB\ZBGKFNMRGSNMBQCNKKEKTF,XBKNLCTYCKFXBQ,
\\DNDNKVTO[RKKFNTGNO,G\FKKKGET\CTYCKFXBQFBNG,[FOCRK
BEO,[FBR[KOE[KOBG\OCTYC,[PIHKYKOBG\ON[VNKO,GFOKGETKO
FSGEG\FTNKGRKO[NBEGRO,GCFO\ETKNFS\MNGNET\,PFO\NPEK.
HGFZIE[,[KZF[KZKO,BG\KG\\VF=\VG
102|��œ�Ø�œ���ł
M[P\IKNKONNPGEB\SVZFHGFZ,FSVZPMZKIBG\RGNT[G\SEZIE[CZB[,N\VGS
BIZ\B\FPXKBG\.FHGFZPVSNBG\RGPCVRKOCF\BONBG\GTGNOVRKPK[BNKGBRIRG
XZKMKONFKMRS,MPGPV\I[IKKCNF\BKONPRTGN[NG.
DOTM[KGFTGNOFZGIRKRPXBCRG,BNB[BRIRGV[GJNBPZDK[KOBG\G.BRIRG
XZKMKONCRG\C\GMRGJCT[GRF,MNK\VKSFIE[KO,IG[KOIE[KO,MEK[RGMN
NFZDK[BG\G.
Ø��Æ,�ø�,�Æ��Æ��
BRIRGIGYZKOB\TXPRGGZGXKONPXGBC\GMRGB\MNFFCIRG\[CECZKFHGFZ:
MF\BPZGQNBEGRKNT[G,MFBPZTCELKTYC,TONCQDZ\K.PKEV\IKTYC,
NF\FVLNVRKGNTCE,MEK[T[GNBKS\MNCCZMG\[CZMGBCKG.MKKTYC
FRKIBG\ONBIZK\FKPKO.
PFZBFKTYC,[[NIBNT[G,GBPZTONCQDZ\K?GMKVTNECZHF
C[NKIG\G[NT[G?BNBNCQFBZPK,YGNFNLCTGNO,[TGENBFKFBEO
[KKRXNPKEKG.MKFGBFKFPM[U[CPM[VKOGDEGNFYGSPKO,GBCKG[N
CTGZ,GCTGZFKFBCKG[NCNTO,[M\GC,CNTOCQCTGZFYGSO.GNCQFKF
IMOCM[VKOGYSPKOKG\ZPFO.GTOMNHF,NBKMGNNKTYC.GZXFNBCEB\
KTYCCMPFEZMKO,MPG[M\GC,BZPKBGCEBCK.GTNMQ[NINGGBPZ,TO
NCQDZ\K,NFGEKTGB\MGIG.
MNFTGNOFKGKGETKO,[NCQFKFDEGNFIMPKOGFPM[VKOGFYGSPKO.GPK
[NCQZXFNBCECM[VKG,NBRKXNPPRG.GMNPF[KETCNTO,PNCQFKF.
GCCNTOM\GC,MKKET\KB\B[Z\CZLPCGZL.GMN[MQNCQ.GMNFTGNOFKG
KZBKOPNCQGPM[VKG.GNVKML,PKNFZB[GRF[[NIKTYCNT[G,BPZ,TO
NCQDZ\K,GNBHPQPGTJ,BNBT[ZKO[RFF\BIZ\KTPG.
HGFZNTO,VZ[\GK[NI,BG\KG\MB=MD
BOBRIRGPXKKZKONRDETKRKRGB\MNBG\QFXGZG\GFFSCZKO[[PTRGCCK\FSVZ
GCIKKOCMNNTNSKVGZKF\R"L,TNKTYC,TNT[GGTNMNK\ZFEPGKG\FPGMZG\=
GRKD[KOTOHFNNKPGEFHGFZ,BRIRGRMRSKONCNCGNBIEDEGN,GNBP\ZMHKOCPF
[FHGFZCBP\PSVZNRG.*
*"\RBKIPGZK[CT\FTSYCIMPFHB\,[NBKD[KPGFECZKOCTRKKRKOPEGPKOGD[PKKO,[TGCZKOCHFTN:NB\T[F
NLVSNGMN\PGRF,ISG[NGO")CTNFSGNO,"FYEPFN\NPGET[ZFSVKZG\",BG\YRG(.
103 | ���ØØœ��łØ�Æ��ł
CHPQFYZKBFBRIRGXZKMKOMPGNXB\NINN,MBKNG[BKQMEGZFBZW,MBKNGZY
REPFNRG[MNPF[F\ZI[TNKGVTOBMQF\ZI[.GFZKHPQ,\RGTFGPYGOFOECZKO
EPKGRKKO[RPXBKOC\VKSFFRGMIK\[NRGCNCE.
HF[BRIRGPEPKKRKONTXPRG[P[FGF\YKKOMBQNVRKBNVK[RKOGBVKNGIGVZKO
GPGXBKODKNGKKOBZMKBGNGDKKO=MNHFRPXBC[MN[NRGGBRIRGYGZBKONHF
"FPXKBG\".BCNTM[KGBRIRGZGXKON[RG\B\F\VKSFFHG,BRIRGZGXKONZBG\B\
MNFTGNOFHFMRPXBC\GLFZXGQ[NRG,GCBP\ZY[OFGBRPXB.
PBH[RGNERGF\ZDNRGNZBG\B\FSZJFHFML=[MBKNGK[P[FG[RPXBPIGWNRG=
BCNMNFSZJFHFP\ZI[C\GLFZXGQ[NRG.TNKRGNFKBCYCFZDN[NRGGN[MRTB\
TXPRG[GCG[GC[NPT[FFMGNP\ZI[C\GLFZXGQ.
FDK[FFHGNBPGIY\B\FPXKBG\,PVRK[FZXGQFGBFPXKBG\.DOM[BRIRG
R\YNKOTM[KGCP[FG,BRIRGR\YNKOCZXGQ.DOF\IG[F[ECZKOP\ZI[KOTM[KG
SCKCRG=BNFZXGRG\,MGIG\[PXJKKZKOMLNRDETKRKRG.
MMN[R[\ENNIKG\B\F\PGRFFVRKPK\FHGEZLFHGFZ,GNBR[YTCXKGZKO
FFKSJGZKKO[NSKVGZKF\R"L[BNKFOFGZDNRG,FHGFZKYEOBG\RGBNVRKPKG\F\GZF,
BN"\GZ\FBP\"=BNF\VKSFFBPK\K\[NFPXKBG\.
CFEZDF,R\IKNNZBG\FMGNMMGIG\GM\MGRG\,GB\FMGIFMNNK[PVTKNBG\O=
B\FCGZB.HFGFDKNGK[BNKGBRIRG[GBVKO.FGBP\ZI[C\GLFZXGQ[NRGNVKPKE\
FF[\GG\CKRKRGNCKQFCGZB.NDKNGKFHFPMGGQBG\RGFHGFZ.
��œØł�Øœ���œØ��Æ
MNTPKFTGNOTGCEKTMG"O,R\QBG\OFYC"F\I\[ZKOPPGRKOKEGTKO.
GMGNOFGNMKOBIZBNGFKFO.GMGNO[GVMKEPKOGTG[KPNIPF,DGHNKO
GPMKOGPRBVKO,GP\TZCKOCMNFTG[KOPT[KONFZT,GP\DCZKO\PKE
CMGIONFZT.
GK[ZBN,BKQNFODCGZFGMGINRXIBG\O,ZYCVKFO,C\VKNF.MPG\GNT\,
[BKQNFDCGZFGMGI,BNBCVF.GCVFFKB[GCZ\FMN.GTNMQRYZBKO
K[ZBN\GNT\.
BN\KZBK\GNT\KTYC.PF\GNT\,BKQN[GOCZKKFCTGNO,MPGN\GNT\FHG
[NJGGKK\FP[K,[PPRFKGXBKOMNNCG[KMCGE,\NCG[\FPNMKO,GNBIZ
JGGKK\FHGZT\HZTGP\F,GBIZMLPBG\GHZT[R[BZPPRFYPFN\IKKF
104|��œ�Ø�œ���ł
MPYGEONMQG[GCFKBIKF,MLFOK[ZBNMBG\FF\GNT\.[BUTNVK
[P\KO,KIHZGGKIKGCTGNOMPYGEONMQ.
GMQRBPZ,MKMIGPZCKEFKGXZ,MQB\OaK@E]KCK\K[ZBN.HFGIGPZ[NBG\F
HMGMK\,B[ZBUTNVK[R[CZ\,IGHZ\GP\\YR\,GK[NF\YRFMPYGEO
NMQ.MLK[ZBN,BUTNVK[P\KO,IGHZKON\IKKF.
K[ZBN,HFTWFIKKO,HTKZBRVKQ.GP[GO[CRKK[ZBNR\ECYGCTWFIKKO,
KFKGNFOIKKO,GKYGPGPTVZ,GK\YKKPGCTGNO.
HGFZNTO,VZ[\GK[NI,BG\KG\ZR=ZRE
FRYGEF[CNC,FRJKKFFVRKPK\[KMGNFNF\TGZZCMNBEOCB[ZFGBNFDKTK[ZBN\MGR\FBFCFGFR\KRF[NFCGZB,FKB"K[ZBN".[BZFRJKG\FBDGBKSJKG\[C\GL
NCRGRYZBG\"BGPG\FTGNO".
CEZLBNFCGZBFRYGEF[CNCTGCZ\MNPKRKPXCKO,MPG\GNT\[P\FGIKFGP\F
GIKF,TE[NCSGUFKBHGMFNFKECYC"TWFIKKO".
œ Ø Ø�ª��Ø
a‘BBNVZTF.FNB,NLBNVZTF,FKFXZKLNGPZ.BNB[FMRKSB\P[F
IEZKONVRKOPIEZKOBN\RKQIHYBIETNKGQ,[MPFPEZDG\P[\N[NG\
GKGZEG\PPRG.
GP[FKZBPVRKG,GNBYZC,BNBNBNGFKBGZKO,[FOPEZDG\[NG.BCN
N\RKOTXPGFKFKZBGNBYZC,P[GO[ZBFBG\GP[\Z[C[GZ[KOTNKGRKO.
MKGGQ[ZBFFYC"F[P[FKZB,G[NKIKOPPGRKOBIZKONPTNFNBKMNG
NYZCBNKG,BPZFYC"F,FRRKTNKLVZTFPNLPXZKO,F\RKOFDEGNFZGCW
C\GLKBGZKG.[FYC"FFKFXZKLNTZGLTPGPNIPF,GNBBIZ.MPG[M\GC,
BRKF’,[EZ[G,BRKGNB[NKI.GCBZGSGEFIMPF[NF\RKOFDEGNFZGCW
C\GLKBGZKG,NBNGKG[CKTNPEKQ,FKGETKOBEGRO.
HGFZNTO,VZ[\CB,BG\KG\NG=NI
SVZFHGFZPECZTNKRG.FGBPSVZNRGCXGZFPGHZFGP[GRFPBGE,[RZBK\MPG
SKVGZFKSJGZKBGNVTPKOBDE\K,TNPF[YGZFNRGCVRKO,GZYCVRKO.K[NRGZKBG\,
MNKG\,JIGNGBKCZKORGSVKO,GIGWPHF,C\GLFFZD[F[NRG,K[FZCFPBGEZXGRG\,
\MGRG\,PI[CG\GEIVKO[GRKO.MNGPZ,IGWPFDGUFVKHK,YKKODOFBEO[CRG.
105 | ���ØØœ��łØ�Æ��ł
PKFGFBEO[CRG?TNKRGNV\GIB\TXPRGGNF\CGRQ.GPFRZBF?B\PF[CTNK
FHGFZMG\CKO.CBEO[CRGK[\MGRG\P[FGVZTF,\RKRKOGKBGZKOGTGEGTGE.TNKRG
NRSG\NB\ZBG\QC\GMRG.PFHFRG\QNRG?FBP\[HFNBRG\QMNGO,BLTNKEK
FF[\ENG\NB\ZB\F\MGRG\FNNG,PDKTBNKRG"FPBGZFPIHKZNPGJC",GBNKGTNKRG
NF[\GYY.BKQSMRFNF\CNCNGNJTG\=DOBORCKQB\FMGNFVGL,HFNBI[GC.
FTKYZFGBFPBPW.
RRKI[BEOKGXBP[KTGZHGFZGBGPZNTXPG:"FXNI\K!FZD[\K[FCR\KFKGOPFG
P[FGPFGVZTF"=HFNBBGPZECZ.KK\MQ[CVTOFCBFFGBKZDK[:"NBFCR\K
MNGO,FMGNKC[,IGWPEYFBG[\KKOVFG[O,NBFXNI\KCMNNNF\ZMH".BLEGGYB
BG\QEYG\SVGZG\FQFZGGI[NG.
NBNIKROMG\CCTNFSGNOC"FYEPFN\NPGET[ZFSVKZG\",[PXCKFFS\ZF
FOFPXCKO[CFOBEOKMGNNF\KKDT.PK[P\BPWCIG[LGPZDK[[BKQ[GOJTO,
XZKLNFCKQ[FPXCKOFNNG=[CFORG\RKONBEONF\KKDTPCNKNYCNP[FG
NFIKG\CGB\FBDG[NG,B\FDBGGF,B\FFCRF,B\F[MNGB\FFZD[F[NG=
PGTKNKOPBGENF\YEPG\FZGIRK\[NG.TNKRGN[PGICPXCKO[BKQCFOJTO,MKGGQ
[CBPXTG\OBRIRGDENKO.
GKCZBBNYKOB\F\RKRKOFDEGNKO.HFGNGGKK\QGC\HGDG.\R]KR]O,ISZK’M\GC,
P[GO[FZDB\FRYCF.GFYC"FFTNFBG\FNXEKYKO.GTNMQNBR[BZBNB
\RKOFDEGNBIE.GET,[NGGK\QEDJFGZ.
NGGK\QGC\HGDG[GZ[ODCGFPBGE.MKFKOFGBFPNMG\PCIKR\FIMPF,
GFI[GCPMNCZKG\[CKOFGBFNGGK\Q.FZK[FGBMNNG\FIMPF[CKO.
BPROBKRGRP[LPIMPFTXPF,BNBPQFCKRF[IHZFNIMPF,FYG[PBN
[CF,FPMGRFRYGE\F[GZGY.GTNMQM\GCTNKFO,GKCZBBNYKOB\F\RKRKO
FDEGNKO,MKFCKRFRYZB\CZKBF.
BPRONBRYCTPYGPGCKOTXPG,[FGBPNMG\EBXKNG\,BNBPYGO
FGMQCTGNOFCZKBF[PIGWNBXKNG\,NPJFPQPNMG\EBXKNG\,[FO
T[ZFKBGZKO.
HGFZNTO,VZ[\CB,BG\NJ
PFRG\QNRGFXKGZFHF,BOBRIRGNBPCKRKOBG\GGNBKGETKOBKLNY[GZBG\GBNKRG?
CTNFSGNOKMGNFKFNFSCKZNRGB\ECZKFHGFZPTCZNFSCZC[V\FYCNFDOCXGZF
YX\KG\ZZD[K\,CXGZFYZGCFKG\ZBNKRG.BCNFGBP[BKZNRGPYGONPBPW,
NIKVG[.PFHF?C[CKNPFHF?BKVFMNHFP\ZI[C\GMRG?
106|��œ�Ø�œ���ł
GEBK[HFYGZFCRG.BRIRGRPXBKOCBKQ=SGU,GPFZD[\RGFRGMIK\TEBKQ=SGUK[
125FS\ZG\.TNKRGNRSG\NFZDK[B\FPXCFBPK\K[NRGKG\ZGKG\Z,NIHGZNFMZF.
RG\RKONRGCPKGIEB\FSKVGZFHF,MEK[R\IKNNIV[.FIKVG[KGNKECRG\MGRG\
GFCIRG\IE[G\,[CBPXTG\QR\IKNNFZDK[B\PF[TM[KGBRIRGNBPZDK[KO.
BIZ\NBK\V\ICRGFIG[NZGIRKG\.
IKKCNFKG\MBQPBPWPXERG,MPG[M\GC"NVGOXTZB,BDZB",MNGPZ,NVKFXTZML
FGBF[MZ.BKQMBQMNGOIGWPKDKTF,GNMQRBPZ"KDT\GPXB\,\BPKQ".P\K\DKT
FPXKBF?M[FBGZFTNKGQKVTNTNKRGCPKEFPSVY\,GFIG[FZGIRKKG[NOC\GMRG
CPKE\GFZB[GRF.
NKETBKQMBQ[GOP[PTG\,ZYNZXGQ.TNKRGNZXG\NFZDK[B\PF[CBP\YGZF
MBQGNBB\FPKNKO.FF[DFFZGIRK\FKBRJKKFEYFPTEKRG\FRV[,MPG[BPZ
FIHGQ=BK[,50
GNMQBKBV[ZNYRG\BG\FC[MN,BNBZYCZXGQFNC.
NBCPYZFFHGFZFGBSVZS\GO.MB[ZBRIRGVG\IKOB\F[TZFSDGZFHF,BRIRG
RMRSKOEZMGNZGIRKG\.VTOGTGEVTO,KGOBIZKKGO,PCNK[RCKQBKLHFYGZF,R\YEO
NPXC[V\BGOR\IKNNFZDK[P[FG.NV\TK\IKNGNXGWCRG\DGCG\VRKPKG\MNVK
FPKNKO.GML,CJCTKG\RZDK[BKLPXJKKZ\C\GMRGPXKBG\,BKLRCRFCRGTGNOIE[.
���ØØ �
JGCR]YN&FGTCENG,PP\MCEGIS#ZN@I&O.PYZBHFTNFKXZFZTRBPZ,P[GO
[FGBPYJZD\PKETNCRKBEO.GFKXZFZTPDCKFNCGGZXGRG[NBEO
CDBGGF.GFBEOFGNLBIZKGPSNSNC[TZGGCZB[G,TE[KXZFZTP\DBF
TNKGGPG[LBG\GNDKFKRGO.
HGFZNTO,VZ[\GK[NI,BG\JH
FBODOBRIRGXZKMKONFZDK[B\FPXCFHF[NDKFKRGO?GPBKQFPYGCNKOKGETKOTN
ML?FOTCZGHB\CTXPO.FZKNBKK\MQ[FBEOKDNFP[FG[NBP\GLFRKSKGQ.BH
FBOMGNRGIKKCKONFKG\CDKFKRGO?PS\CZ[MQ...
\PKEBRIRGXZKMKOYGEONFKMRSN\GLFKXZFZT,N[YGTCG,GZYBHBRIRGPDNKO
PFGCBP\.CF\INFBKRRGPDNKO[HFZT,FZKBOFKKRGPDNKOHB\,GEBKNBFKKRG
RMRSKON\GMG.CF\INFFGBPG[L,RGXW,PRXRW,JGCGRVNB.MLFBDGBKHOPZPFBG\RG.
FHGFZPECZMBQTNBEO[PCZZB\FINYKOF[GRKO[C\GLR[P\G.FGBIKKC
NFS\CL,GP\GLF\SCGM\FHGNZE\NPXC[NDKFKRGO.PXCMHFYKKOCMNPEZDF,
GTNHFRBPZ:"MKBEOBKQXEKYCBZW,B[ZKT[FJGCGNBKIJB".51
ZYM[FBEO
107 | ���ØØœ��łØ�Æ��ł
RPXBCPXCFHF,FGBKMGNNCZZB\FZGTFJPGQCG.P\CZZNGMPFFGBPVSKE
M\GXBFPFZT[CG,TEMPFFGBNBPSGDNNT[G\MNGOTOTXPGNNBTHZ\FCGZB.
MEBKNHMGZ[MNPF[RM\CTNKEKFPYGCNKOPCGSSTNF[D\OFVRKPK\,MK"PF
[NBR[KD,NBRDEKZFGC[OGPKNF".52
CTNKFHGFZTCZGB\MNFPXCKOFBNF
CTXPO.RYGGF[DOBRIRGR[KDB\FPXCKOFBNF,GFZKFOINYPFEZLNDKNGKFBP\.
ø�łø����œ�
[NG[FBNFCRKR‘I.FOFYKGO[NMNFTGNO...GPBNFR@VX@FMNFBZW,[MN
FR[PG\[NCRKBEOCBKOPFO.MKFOFSGE[ND’XCTKOFTNKGRKO
[CCKRF,D’YGGKO...
MB[ZFRFZ,FRP[LGKGXBPTEQ,HTKZBRVKQ,F[YFB\FDQ,FRGYCB,F[YF
BG\FCMGI[NG[FYGGKOFNNGFTNKGRKO,PFCKRFFTNKGRF,GP[OR\V[JG
FDGGRKO,NCQ,BEGOG[IGZ...
GMB[Z\S\MNCSGEFPEZDG\,\PXBBKLFDGGRKOP\V[JKONMNBNG
FXEEKO,KPKQ,[PBN,BPXT,TE[RMRSKONPJFN#P#NMe\,CSGEM"H)27(
XKRGZG\[NFEN\G\FPMSKOB\F\FGO.
HGFZNTO,VZ[\RI,BG\KG\[C=[D
MMN[RGMNNFKEPG\NBGZ,N\MGR\FBFCFGFR\KRF[NG,MLR\ICZBNKGGRDNFB\
XKRGZG\F[VT[NG.NPT[F,DOTM[KGBRIRGRPXBKOCTGNOBKQ=SGU,BNB[FGBRS\Z
PBK\RGTNKEKMNFTGNPG\=FFTNPG\=[YKKPKOC\GMRG,C\GLFZXGQ[NRG,PVRK
[FGBPRGDEN\MGR\TGNOBKQ=SGU.
M"HBG\KG\,TOF’FBG\KG\PRXV"L[NFPNMG\,FOM"HXKRGZG\PCKBKF[VT
BNKF,[RT[GPFOEN\G\,NMSG\TNFEKRKO[a#PNMe\,FRYZBKO\FGPG\.
HGFZNTO,VZ[\RI,BG\[D
BRIRGCTXPRGCGRKOB\FXKRGZG\FBNFC\GMRG,GB\FEN\G\[PTNKFO.VTO
FEN\G\FNNGVG\IG\EZLNBGZGVTOSGDZG\BG\F,MPG[S\GPKO[RV\IKOGRSDZKO
CPKE\FFKEPG\[NRGBNFBGZ.FPBPXKO[NRGXZKMKONFKG\PMGGRKONPJZFBI\
CNCE=NEPG\B\MNF\MGRG\[NRGN\MGRG\FZGIRKG\,GNYCNCFQBGZ.
CPKEF[CFBRIRGPXRKTKOB\FZXGQNYCNTNPR\NYCN[CRG)FBDGBKHO(,
GFGVMKOBG\GNFKG\EGPFNBGZ)NYCNTNPR\N\\(,BRIRGPDNKOC\GMRGB\\MGR\
FCGZBGB\PI[C\FCZKBF.C\GLSVZFHGFZK[INYPKGIEC[O"SVZBEXRKTG\B"
[PECZTNML,GNMQDORBPZ"GB&\XRGTKOIMPF".53
108|��œ�Ø�œ���ł
���øºÆØÆ�Ø��œÆØ�øœØ�œø�Æ �øØ
TNP[MCKCNKNG\CKY[\KB\[BFCFRV[K.MRS\K[ZBNBPZFNVRK
FYC"F,GCKY[FPPRGTNFDNG\,P[GO[FKBKG[C\CKQ[BZFTPKOTO
CRKF,G[GMC\NTVZ.GTN[FKB[GMC\CBZWBIZ\,FJPBF,BPZF,TN
P[MCKBRKPCY[\,[BRK[GMC\CDNG\,GFDNG\PMGRFNKNG\.GTNMQ,
CKY[\KB\[BFCFRV[K,[KGXKBRKPPRF.
CKY[\KGGNBPXB\KG.MKBKQEZMGNFHEGGDCK,BNBZYCFKMNGGNBCDNG\.
YZB\KGGNBTRRK.MKK[C\KCKQTPKOBIZKO,GYGNGBKRO[GPTKO,BNBZY
CRKG.[M\GC,F#[@PTT@OYGNBNYKO.
TNP[MCKCNKNG\.BPZFMRS\K[ZBN,F[MKRF,TNP[MCKF\ZTP\KNVRKG,
[CKY[\KG:[KHEGGDTPKN[PIBG\K,PYG[PBN,GNCZLBG\K,PYGKPKQ,
C[PIF[NPF,PYGFBPXTK.[PHKGGDFPNL,HTKZBRVKQ,TOMRS\K[ZBN,
KGZ[KOMPFXEKYKOKZG[\RINFYEG[F,PGIKQTNKGRKO,GMPFCZMG\
RPXBG\CTGNO.
HGFZNTO,VZ[\\HZKT,BG\KG\B=D
TNKRGNF[\ENN\ZDOMNPKNFCHGFZNPGCQFVRKPK=ZGIRK[NF,GNBNFCKQBG\F
CXGZ\FFD[PK\FPGMZ\.BOBRIRGR[BZKOTOFP[PTG\FD[PK\,BRIRGPGZKEKOB\
F\GZFPFTGNOFTNKGQBNFTGNOFHF,GNBN[OMLFKBRM\CF.TNKRGN[BGUNTNG\
CTHZ\FPFTGNOFHFBNFTGNOFTNKGQ.
BOBRIRGZGXKONFDKTNHTKZBRVKQ=NCGZB,GNFKG\TPGCPDT,BRIRGIKKCKONTCGZ
EZLFPRDRGQ[RYZB"PNMG\EBXKNG\"BG"MRS\K[ZBN"=EZLBGSUFR[PG\
[PIGCZG\K[Z=BN,MNGPZCBFCFGCR\KRF.BKQEZLBIZ\.
BOBRKNBZGBFB\TXPKFGNLGPICZB\MNFR[PG\F[CGZG\C\GMK,GPCKBB\
HFNCGZB,NPDTGNHKGGDTPG=BHBKQ"BRK".HG\PGRFFMZIK\[IKKC\NFKG\PP[
PGNTKRKK.BIZ\BRKCMNNNBCMKGGQ.
"BRK"VKZG[G[FTCZ\KB\TXPKEZLFPRDRGQFHF[NIKCGZCKQMNFR[PG\.ZYML
BRKKMGNNFKV\INSVZFHGFZ.NPF?MKFMGI[NSVZFHGFZRGTENYKKOB\FIKCGZ
CKQMNFINYKOFBNF[NK,[TM[KGRZBKONKNB[NK.
RPIK[HB\ML:PDKTFPKQYZQBGZEYFMPGYZQNKKHZ,GBRKXZKLNFKMRSCEKGY
P\I\NYZQFHGMEK[\[VKTTNKK.BOHH\KPKNKPJZFX]EFPRYGE\FIKCGZFHG,BRKNB
ZGBFBG\F.HFKMGNNYZG\ZYC\RBK[BRKFGNLNF\ICZTOFBIZKO.
109 | ���ØØœ��łØ�Æ��ł
�ÆłØ
MNBNGFICZKO[BKROBGFCKOBNGB\BNG,PS\NYKOPQFTGNOJZO
[PDKTHPRO.MNFICZKOCKPKG[NZ’[PTGQCZKGIBK,BFC\RV[GZGI
FKK\FCKRKFO.GP[GOHFCEGZGFKGF#S]\Z+K=\GZFCDNGK,[FKFBGPZ,MN
FICZKO[BKROBGFCKOHFB\HF,DGZPKONTXPO,[NBNNM\CEZLFK[Z.
GTGE,[TG[KOVDOC\GZF.MKF\GZF,BFCFGBIGGFGBP\K[CF.
BCZFOBFCB\KXIY,KXIYB\BCZFO,[FKGP\ICYKOHFTOHF.KTYC,
[RKFOFKGBIGHKOCGCBFCFGCBIGGF,GRG\RKOZGIOHFCHF.FICZKO
XZKMKONFKG\MPGFO,GNBNT[G\CFOVDO.[BOKISZCFOFBFCF,
VGDPKOCTZMONPTNF,CBCZFO,KXIY,KTYC,[FOISE,DCGZF,\VBZ\.
HGFZNTO,VZ[\MK\[B,BG\RE
FHGFZRM\CTNKEKYCGX\PYGCNKO,GNMQFGBKMGNNFKG\PGCQZYC\GLYCGXF.MEK
NF\ICZBNPF[FGJPQCG,TNKRGNF\ICZBNMNFBR[KOFBIZKO[DOFO
P[\GYYKONHF.CKIEBRIRGPFGGKO"YCGXF".
ZYFY[ZCKRKRGKBV[ZNRGNV\GIB\FSVZ,MKMNPF[FSVZPECZTNKGRPXBCKQ
FR[PG\.BORZXFNF\ICZ,FZXGRG\[NRGKKYZBG"R[PG\",GCY[ZCKRKFQRDNFB\
FCGZB,B\FBGZ[YG[ZBG\RGKIE.
FRFPFJGCGPFRTKO[C\BIKODOKIE.BNGFOFICZKO,C[TF[KG[CKO
KIE,GBKRORVZEKOHFPHF.P\IKNFFORZBKOMBR[KOTG[KPNIPF,
[ZGXKONFZGDHFB\HF.GNBIZML,IGHZKONFKG\CBFC\BIGGF.
FYC"F,PFFGBBGPZTNKFO?FRFPFJGCGPFRTKO[C\BIKODOKIE.
FPKNF"DO",CBFNMNGNTPFOF[MKRF.GNBTGE,BNBFYC"FPY[KC
NEKCGZO,GK[NGRI\GFGB[PICFO.
GB\O,FICZKO[CMBQ,MPG[FKK\OCICKCG\,CBFCF,PYGEONMQ,DO
PMBQGNFNBFNB\\VZEGHFPHF,TE[FYC"FK[PITPMO,GKYZBTNKMO
[NGO,GKPXBCHMG\MO[NGOCTGNO.HF[M\GC,NPTQBIKKGZTKKBECZF
RB[NGOCL.
HGFZNTO,VZ[\BIZKPG\,BG\KG\SF=SG
BONBRI[GCTNFBKIGECKRKRGCHPQFYZKBFCHGFZ,RVSVSB\FTKYZ.
BCNZDT,TETM[KGEKCZRGTNHF[TNKRGNFZDK[B\FECZKOC\GMRG,NFKMRSVRKPF,
GC\GLFZXGRG\[NRGNIV[B\FVZJKOFPGHMZKOCHGFZ,GBKNGT\FPEGCZTNIKCGZ
NBIZKO,IKCGZNYCGXF[RPXB\PIGWNRG.
110|��œ�Ø�œ���ł
FTRKKQFGB[DOFYCGXFBKRFRPXB\CBP\CIGW.BRIRGXZKMKONFHMKZNTXPRG
CMNZDT[MNPF[BRIRGPZDK[KOMRPXBPIGWNRG,RPXBNPT[FC\GMRG.
TNKRGNY[GZB\PG[DF"BRK"[C\GMRG,TOPG[DF"HGN\"[C\GMRG.BRIRGNB
PZDK[KO"HGN\"[RPXBPIGWNDGVRG,BNBDOFGBC\GMRG,C\GLFZXGRG\[NRG.ML
P\INYKOFZXGRG\[NRG=K[MNKOVRKPKKOGMNKOIKXGRKKO,GTNKRGZYN\YQB\
FIKCGZCKRKFO.
BHPKFOFBR[KOFBIZKOCYCGXF?FINYKOFZB[GRKO[NRG[RICZIHZFNTXPRG.
MEKNFYNTNKRGNF\IKNN\VGSRMGQB\FPXKBG\,FINYKOFBNFMBKNGRTKOCIHZF
N\GMRGVRKPF,CTXPO...
ø���œ Æ�ł�œ����ª�œ�Ø��ª��ł
FSDGNF[CSVZFHGFZ
RPXBCFSDGNFPVGBZ\,B[ZMNFTGSYKOCF,BUTNVK[BKROPCKRKOTEKKQPF
[M\GCCF,PHEMMKOTNKEF,GPBGZG\FTNKGRKOP\YZCKO.
CTNFSGNO,PBPZ"\GZ\FYCNFGPFG\F"
[BNF:NBMNMLCZGZBKLCEKGYVGTN\FSDGNFFHG[JPGRFCSVZFHGFZ...
CPXCFRGMIK[NRGY[FNFCKQHB\,GNMQHFRYZB"SDGNF".BGPZKONK:"BO\YVGW
T[ZVTPKOCPYGO,\KENYFPRGZF[TNFYKZ".BRKCBP\NBKGETPFFY[Z.YKKP\
BV[ZG\[[PGP\I\NZXVFPVSYGPGRF[DGZONPRGZFNFKENYNBIZT[ZYVKXG\,
BCNBRKNBKGETB\HF.MVKFRZBFK[Y[Z,BCNFGBRS\ZPPRK.Y[ZRS\ZMHFRYZB
CYCNF"SDGNF".
MNGPZ,"SDGNF"FKBIGY[YKKOCJCT,BLBKRRKPMKZBG\GTEKKQ.BNG[MCZIYZG
B\TXPOGBG\G,BGPZKONK:"BO\[\P[CGCBGVQMHFGMHF,B\F\VTKNBG\G.BKRL
ZGBFHB\,BCNMLB\FPVTKNBG\G".
NGFKFPDKTNTGNPRGKXGZPTGNOBIZ,FGBFKFPS\MNTN\KRGYGTDNCRKKGPO,
GFKFBGPZ[PFTDNKDENGKXBPK[FGDEGNMPGRVGNKBGQ,GBKNGPF\KRGYKXBPK[FG
YJQGISZBGRKOMPGXVZET.BLBRIRGKGETKO[BORG\RKON[RKFOMNPF[RIGWNFO,
PBIE\XBCFPF,GPF[RKBEO.HFGRS,SDGNF!BRIRGV[GJF\ZDNRG[MLHFYGZF,
BLNPT[FHFGRS.
111 | ���ØØœ��łØ�Æ��ł
F\KRGYFYJQV\BGOP\IKNNFCKQ,NFDKCGNCXTMNPKRKVTGNG\.PKGONKGO
PGVKTKOBXNGFZDNKOIE[KO.BKLHFYGZF?GFZKBRIRGNBT[KRGECZ.F\ZDNRGNML
[K[\FNKLF\V\IG\,BCNNPT[FHGF\DNG\MGIFIKKO,MGIZGIRK[VGTNCRCZB
GCXGZFMHGP\DNF.
BG\GFECZP\ZI[DOCF\V\IG\FZGIRK\[NRG.MKFZKIGYKFF\V\IG\FZGIRK\
BKROKGXBKEGVQ,BNB[FF\V\IG\FHGTEKKQRS\Z\,BKRRGZDKNKOBNKF.BLNBZIGY
FKGO[BR[KOK[\P[GCIGYKOFNNGCEKGYMPGCMN[BZIGYKFJCT.
FPYGCNKOBGPZKONRG:"CJCTK[MGI,BV[ZNFHPKQB\F[VT\G.BKL?\KYIB\
SVZFHGFZ,MMN[\YZBCGKG\Z,ML\KFVLNIHYKG\Z,IMO,PCKQGZDK[.CHMG\HF
\\DNFNLFZGIRKG\.NPF?MKNSVZFHFK[KMGN\N[RG\BG\L.
=BCNK[FZCFSVZKOBIZKO[P[RKOBG\K?
"RMGQ.BCNSVZKOBIZKOZYPSEKZKOCLB\FRJKG\[NL,B\F\MGRG\,B\FKSGEG\
[NL.FOZYPBZDRKOB\FPTZM\FVRKPK\[NLGPV\IKOBG\F.GBKNGSVZFHGFZ
PCXTCL[KRGKPKGIE,P[GO[CBPXTG\GB\FPHPKQTNTXPLB\FF[VTFFTNKGRF!
M\GXBFPPRFB\FP\IKNN\VGS,NFZDK[GNDNG\C\GMLPTZM\BIZ\,[CTHZ\F
B\FPDNFTGNOIE[,TGNOZGIRK".
TGNOFZXGRG\
BEOFR\GQCIG[L,G\PKECIG[LFKFP[MRG,CT\[ZGXKONFBKZNG,
XZKMKONV\GING\IKNFBGZYJQ,MV\IG[NPIJ.GBIZMLPTJDEGN
PPRG.GMQCMNVTOKG\Z,TE[PBKZKONGMNFBGZMZBGK.
HGFZNTO,VZ[\GK[NI,BG\XB
[BNF:BOBRK[GPT[FMGNCVRKO,[FMGNC\GMK,BKLTNKKNF\KKISNSGCCKOBG\K?BKLBRKXZKLNZBG\B\FTGNO?BKLBRKXZKLNF\KKIS
NBGFCKO[NK,N[GRBKO[NK,GCMNNNMNPF[YGZFMBQPSCKCK?
GCMQ,TNKRGNFCKQ[K[ZXGKGK[PXGK.FPXGKHFPF[BRIRGPZDK[KO.FZXGK,HFPF
[RDNFCT\KE,CPXCKOFP\GYRKO[NRG.
CKR\KKOBRIRGZYNGPEKO[YKKP\PXKBG\[GRF,[CFFMGNPGZD[C\GMRG.NT\
T\FMNHFNBPXKBG\KTCGZRG,GKK\MQ[MNPF[BRIRGPEPKKRKOM\PGRFT\KEK\,FGB
NINGJKQNBMVK[BRIRGPEPKKRKOBG\G.
112|��œ�Ø�œ���ł
BKQNRGPG[DTEMPFIKKRGK[\RGM[RDNFB\F\PGRFFHB\.HFNB[FTGNO[NRG
K[\RFCPKE\PF,BNB[TGNOIE[K\DNFCVRKRG.NMQ,M[BRIRGYGZBKOCSVZFHGFZ,
TNKRGNF\R\YPMNFPGMZNRG,GNF[\ENNXNGNN\GMG,NFKMRSVRKPF.TM[KGBRIRGNB
KMGNKONFKPXBC[RKTGNPG\CPYCKN.CKR\KKO,BRIRGPSGDNKONFKPXBCTGNOBIECNCE.
NMQBRIRGP\R\YKOPFPXKBG\FIGPZK\FHB\GP[\ENKONCRG\\PGRF[GRF,
CEGPFNKNE,[ZGXFNDEGN.FGBZGXFNFKG\DEGNCMGN=CSDRGQFNCG[,CF\RFDG\,
CTKRKFBIZKO,FGBZGXF[MGNOK\KKISGBNKGMBNPCGDZ.
MLDOBRIRGXZKMKON\BZNTXPRGCMNFBV[ZGKG\[CKEKRG,CMNFVRJHKG\[NRG,
[SVZFHGFZPECZTNFTGNOFIE[[NRG,[CGBRIRGRPXBKO.MNGPZ,FSVZFHFPECZ
TNF\MGRG\FVRKPKG\[NRG,[C\GMQBRIRGRPXBKOGZGBKOPXKBG\IE[F.FP[IY
FHFPCKBNF[VT\G[NBGZF\KYGQTNKRG,GFTGNOFIE[FHFP\DNF.
FTGNOFIE[P\DNF,FK[QRTNO,GBRIRGJSKOBNF[PKO?NB.BRIRGPDNKO
[BRIRGIKKOC\GLZXGRG\KRG.[RKZXGRG\=FZXGQ[NRGGZXGQFCGZB=P\DNKOC\GMRG
HFMRDEHF.BRIRGPZDK[KOBG\OGRPXBKOCKRKFOMYGFBPXTK,M"BRK"[NRG.GIGW
PHFBKQMNGO.CKQ[RKFMGIG\=BRK.
FFCENCKQF\GZFNHGFZ
DNTKRKKGBCKJFRVNBG\P\GZ\L.MPFFO[GJKOCRKBEO,[BKROKGETKO
GBKROPS\MNKONTSGYC\GZF.[FZKF\GZFFGBMNFIKKO,GMNIKZG\,
GMNFJGC.
HGFZNTO,VZ[\IKK[ZF,BG\ZKJ
[BNF:N[OPFBRIRGHYGYKONSVZFHGFZBOK[NRGB\SVZF\GZF?
FHGFZFGBVKZG[YCNKTNF\GZF.P[FCBP\M\CB\FKSGE,BCNF\GZFFKBSVZPYGEE.
K[CFYGEBIEGKIKE,BCNTPGYPBGE=F\GZFM\GCFC"[V\FTRVKO".*
IMP\FYCNF
PSCKZFB\[V\FTRVKOGTGHZ\NYZGBB\F\GZFGNFCKQNPFCBP\F\MGGQP[F.
*FPYGCNKOIGYZKOB\FTGNOFTNKGQ,FRPXBPIGWNJGGIYNKJ\G[NFBEOFBDGBKSJ.NECZKFO,PMNBGCKKYJ
CTGNOFTNKGQFRYZB"[GZ[",P[\N[NMGIBNFTGNO[NRG,GPGNKEMBQBGCKKYJFRYZB"TRU".
CPBPZG"PFG\IMP\FYCNF",PSCKZHB\CTNFSGNO:"BKQNLVZJ[NPXKBG\BG[NPYZKFPXKBG\FPXGKCTGNO
F\I\GQ[NB\PXBEGDP\GCTGNOTNKGQFKPRG,CXGZF[GGFMPGC’JKVG\[NPKO.GRYZBKO’[GZ[GTRU’.MNGPZ,
[BG\GFVZJ,FRPXBCTGNOF\I\GQ,RCIQNCIKRF[NTRUCTZLFEGDPB[NG,FPXGKGTGPECTGNOFTNKGQ,[FGB
[GZ[G[NFVZJF\I\GQ,PVRK[P[ORI\OGR\FGGFFVZJFFGBCTGNOF\I\GQ".
113 | ���ØØœ��łØ�Æ��ł
BRIRGZDKNKONF\KKISBNF\GZFMBNSKVGZFKSJGZKTNPTNNKG[N[CJT\KY.
BCNFYCNFPBV[Z\NRGNZBG\EZLHFB\F[GZ[KOFTNKGRKO,B\FMGIG\
[PTGZZKOVTGNG\MBNFCTGNO[NRG.CTHZ\FYCNFBRIRGKMGNKONTNG\NZP\
PTZM\FMGIG\[[GNJ\CTGNO[NRG,GP[ON\YQGNRFNB\FPXKBG\.
F\GZF[KP[FM[KJFN\KYGQTCGZBG\OBR[KO[IKGPHPRG[NP[FGTENIGZCQ
CK\FPYE[[SKPNB\FRK\GYPFTGNOFZGIRK.BHF\DNF[\GZ\P[FMNMLZIGYF
PBK\RGGBRIRGNBKMGNKON\YQB\TXPRGK[KZG\EZMF.*
F\GZFPGXVR\PEK,GNBKMGNFNFGG\PEZKLTCGZBG\QFR[PG\[RVNGND[PKG\.
FRVKNFKXZFXGZLCFEZMFBIZ\.BHRM\CSVZFHGFZ.BNB[FHGFZNBRM\CNBR[KO
[IKGCBG\OKPKO)\IKN\FDNG\(BNBNKPKRGBRG)SGUFDNG\(.
BGKNBG\GBEO,[BGPZ,MKF\GZFCBFNSVZSKVGZKOCV[JG\,GECZKFEKGJ
[NT+[GGNCQGMEGPF.MKBOMQ,BVKNGCHPQFHFBRGKMGNKONT[G\\GZF
PECZKFEKGJ,GTGEKG\ZKVKOPFO.GBOF\GZFCBFNFZBG\ECZKFTGNO,
BVKNG[NKJKFTGNOK[CKRKFOECZKOPTGNKOKG\Z.BOMQRNLBIZKFO
GRT[FPFO\GZF,MBG\GFBGVQ.BNB[MNECZKF\GZFFOSGEG\TNKGRKO.
TGNOFTNKGQGTGNOF\I\GQ,CP[YNBIER[YNG.K[ZBNNPJFMRDE
PNBMKOTNKGRKONPTNF.PNBMKOTNKGRKO,M\GCCFO,TG[FPNBMKGZGIG\.
GC[TF[KGZEKONPJF,P\NC[KOCNCG[[NTGNOFHF.GBONBFKG
P\NC[KOCNCG[MTKQTGNOFHF,NBFKGKMGNKONTPGECTGNOFHF,
GFTGNONBSCNBG\O.
GBOCPNBMKOML,F\GZF[CZBFB\FPNBMKOGB\MNFTGNPG\,GFO
P\YKKPKOC[CKNF,TNBI\MPFGMPF.MKGGQ[KZEFNTGNOFHF,BONB
FKK\FP\NC[\CBNGFNCG[KO[CTGNOFHF,[FOFSKVGZKOGECZKFEKGJ,
NBFKFKMGNFTGNONSCGN.
GTNMQSKVGZFHF[C\GZFFGBNCG[F[NF\GZF.PK[IG[C[BG\GFNCG[
FGB\GZFPP[,GBKQCGECZBIZ,\KVIZGIG,GNBKFKFNGINYNTGNOFCB.
HGFZNTO,VZ[\CFTNG\L,BG\KG\RI=S
*NFZICFCRG[BHFTKKRGC"FYEPFN\NPGET[ZFSVKZG\"PB\CTNFSGNO.
114|��œ�Ø�œ���ł
VZYHFFGBCCIKR\JTKPFPQFHGFZCNCE.F[\ENRGNNGG\B\MOCYZKB\YJTK
FHGFZ,TNPR\NFYNTNKMOB\FFXJZVG\NNKPGE.CRSVIKONSVZ\GMNGNPXGBYGCW
PBPZKORCIZKOPFHGFZGMQNYJXKJJG\PDEGNKK[ZBNTNI[KCG\NKPGEFHGFZ.BO
\ZXGNFTPKYTGECECZKCTNFSGNOTNFDK[FNNKPGEFHGFZ,\PXBGTRKKQZCCRSVI
"FYEPG\CTNFSGNONSVZFHGFZ".
DOBOREPFNRGCF\INF[BRIRGNBPZDK[KOECZCPFNLFYZKBFCHGFZ,MTCGZ
T[ZF[KTGZKOEZLFJNGGKHKFBGEZLFBKRJZRJ,BV[ZMCZNFZDK[FKJCMKXEFHGFZ
VGTNTNKRG.
F[VT\G[NNKPGEFHGFZIHYFPBGE,GFKBNB\NGKFMNNCPKE\FFCRF[NRG,BNB
CPBPXKO[NRGNYNGJTNPFFHGFZPECZ.XZKLV[GJNFY[KC,NDT\CMGN,NCTGZ
PCVRKO,NZXG\NFZDK[.HGFEZLFKIKEFNFMKZB\FTGNO=B\FTGNO[NRGGDOB\
FTGNOFZGIRK.
SVZFHGFZFGBICNFXNF[FG[NLBNKRGTNKEKFCGZB.BOR\VGSB\YXFFICN
FHF,RGMNNJVSNPTNFTEBKQ=SGU.
�łÆŁ�ÆŒ�øł�� œ�Øł�ØŒ.
�łÆŁ�ÆŒ,º�����Ø���Ø�ł��ł��Ø����ø �ł�Ł�Æ.øºœ�Æ,
�Øł����Ø�œ��łºØŁ�Æ.������ł� ��øÆ���ø�Æ"Ł�Æ
Æ���,��Ø��� ���œ�ƺ�Ø�,�Æ��œ�ØØ�������ª��Ø�.��ł��,�łøœ���ł,��œ�
115 | ���ØØœ��łØ�Æ��ł
�ł�Ø���
1.ł’�ÆØ�Øłø�Øغ�øŁØØ���ØªØŁøÆ,"Łłœ�ÆØ",�łøœÆ��œŒ.2.ł’�Æł� Æ��łªºØ����Ø,��ª�œæ�ł"�ł����",�’��.3.�ł�Ø"���,"�łœ",��.4.ł’Ø����ØØ�Ø�Ø�ª�Ø�Ø��æ�łØ����ł��,"��ł�æª",�ł�ª,�ø��º.5.ø .6.ł’�ø�Øøł��Æł��Ø�,"ø�łØœØøł��",øł��œ�øłœ,øł�,ªłø�,���łÆ.7.Æ��æ� ,���ł"�ø� ".8.ł’ø� Æ��ø�Æ���,"ºæ���Œ",œØ����,æ.9.��ł� ,�łøœØ�ł�,�œ�.
10.ØøØ�ت,ت.11."øøœ���Ø ø���Ø���"Yœ��ªÆÆ�Ø,æ��ªłØ���,"�.12.Æł�øØœØ�,�.13.Æł�øØœº�,.14.�ÆæØæ����łÆ�ªłøłÆ�,�غ�łÆ�,��ª��,�æ��Æ.15.Johannes Reuchlin, De arte cabbalistica
16.æ�ł���ł,�łøœØł�,�œœæ.17.ł’ØøØ�Æ��Æł� ��Ø�łÆØı,�ø�"���ªø,���łł�ø�,ª��.18.����ł’��Ø��Ø���,��ł"�,"�Æ�ø���",���Ø�,�.19.ł’�ø��ØØ ���Ł,�ł��"�,øłØł��"�,���ł�غ�,�’��.20.ł’ø� ��ł�ØøłÆØ,�łø"ø,æ�ł�ł�łø"ø,�’.15921.ł’�ØØ Øæ�ªª����Ø,��ت"�,"�ł�Æ��Æ",�œ�ª.22.ł’�ÆØ�ØłøÆ�Ø�Æ�łÆØı,"����œØøłœ",�œ�.23.Æ��æ� ,���ł"œłœ��Æ����œ�".24.ø .25.Æ��æ� ,���ł"�œ�œł�",�œ�.26.Æ��æ� ,���ł"�łÆœ",�œº�.27.ø ,�œºª.28."��Ø�’�ł�œØŒÆ�ª�,����ÆتŒ��łŒ,�œ�Œ�ÆłØœ ,��ł�Ø ")ØøØ��Æ,(.29.�ªłøæ�łØ,�łøœÆ��œŒ,�æ��Ø�.30.Æ��æ� ,���ł"���œ�����".31.ØøØ�ت,Æ.32.ØøØ��Ł,ºÆ.33.Æ��æ� ,���łØ"ø�œØ",���ł�Ł,"ƺªØ��ÆØ��œªÆłØ���ł��ªø".34.Æ��æ� ,���ł"ø�łø��øØ�".
117 |
35.�œº���æº�œ��ª�Ø�łÆ�Ø ��ª�łØ" ,º�Øø��ØÆæ�ł���ł �Øłø"�æ� "ºłŒ�,��ªłœœø"�,Øłø�Ø ,�Øœ������ Æ�œł"�Æ��� ":
www.kab.co.il/heb/content/view/frame/38517
36.Æ��æ� ,"�Æ��æ�ł���ł",�œ�ª.37.�Æ�Æø �Æ�ø ŁÆ,Ææ�ł"��łØ�ØØ ",œ�Ø�œ�łøœ��œ.38.��ł�Æ�Æ�ø������ı�ØØ�Æ"�Æ��æ�ł���ł"��œÆ��æ� .39.�œŒºœÆ�œ"�æ�œ",æ�łø����ªØ�Ø�ªœ,æ�łœøØØ,Øłø�Ø œø�"�,ÆłØºœ��Øł
Æ�Ø�.�’��ÆY��ª.40.ø .41.ø .42.�œŒ�æ�ł"ØłØ �ø�",�’Ø�YŁ.43.œ��ªÆÆ�Ø,�تøØ��,"Æ.44.�łÆ"ø,���łØø�ÆØ�æ� ,"�� Ø�ºł�ª �łœÆØœ".45.�łÆ"ø,���łØø�ÆØ�æ� ,"��łØ�����Æł łØ�����Ł,Æƪ�".46.Æ��æ� ,"œ��ªøł�æ�Øłœ",����,"�机�œ��Ø�Øœ",�ł�ª.47.ł’Ø����ØØ�Ø�Ø�ª�Ø�Ø��æ�łØ����ł��,"��ł�æª",�ł�ª,�ø��º.48.��ł�Æ�,ł����łØ"�œ�œł�""�łÆœ"��œÆ��æ� .49.��ł"Ø��ªø,"ı�ØØ ",øł�,��Æ.\50.�łÆ�Æł� ØøØ��ł�Øı)1878Y1953(,"����ÆØŁ��".51.���œ�,º.52.Æ��æ� ,���ł"��œ�º�œ��Æ��".53.�ø�ØØ�,Æ.
118|
�1
�Æ�ł�ØŁŁ�œÆøÆ���ł
œ�º�� ØØ Ø
HGFZNTO=HGFZNMGNO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121
IGC\NKPGEFHGFZCEGZRG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122
F\DNG\FHGFZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123
PDNG\NDBGNF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124
FHGFZPHPKQ[VT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125
BGZG[NFHGFZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125
FHGFZP[VKTDOM[NBPCKRKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127
\KYGQFR[PF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129
JKFGZFNC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130
NKPGEFHGFZCF[GGBFNNKPGEBIZ. . . . . . . . . . . . .130
FHGFZ=BPXTKNDKNGKFCGZB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132
HPRKNKPGE[FRFKDGDEGNKK[ZBN. . . . . . . . . . . . . .133
KDKTFCNKPGEFHGFZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136
IMP\FHGFZGIMPG\FTGNO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136
Z[C"KGICGZ\CTNKFHGFZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137
��ł��-��ł�º��
PF[RDHZNPTNF[NBK\TSYGCIMP\FBP\CDNGKFKFNHPQYXGC,TE[\[NKO
[R\FZ"Q~1490|.GP[OGBKNLKKYZBEGZBIZGQ,GFG\ZFFDH+ZF,GFZ[G\R\GRF
NF\TSYCSVZFHGFZ.GP[R\F"[~1540|NKXKZFPXGGFPQFPGCIZ[K\TSYG
CZCKO,DEGNKOGYJRKO.
Z’BCZFOCQPZEMKBHGNBK,FYEP\SVZ"BGZFIPF",TP’VB
N[GQFHGFZFYEG[PSGDNNR[PFGFGBECZF[GGFNMNRV[K[ZBN,YJQGDEGN[O
FGB,MNBIENVKFCR\GG[GZ[R[P\G.
Z’XCKFKZ[CQKTYCFGZGCKW,"FRFDG\K[ZG\",BG\F
I]Ke\BEOFK[ZBNK\NGKCSVZFHGFZGCM\CKPZ"Q~FBZ"K|,NNPGECYEG[FGC[PIF
GCRGTOGCKZBFGBFCF,MNBIENVKF[D\GGYEG[\GGMNK[ZBNYEG[KO.
Z’KXIYBKHKYKFGEFKIKBNSVZKQPYGPZRF,"RGXZISE",VZYE,P[RFM
BPZPGZRGFBZ"K,[CHPQFHFRS\ZG\RT[GRDNG\,G[PIFNVRKFPYGONNPGECZHK
F\GZFGNDNG\ZHKQNMNCZK[ZBN.
Z’KXIYBKHKYKFGEFKIKBNSVZKQPYGPZRF,"FKMNFCZMF",ECZKO,ZI
MKIKCGZHF[RYZBSVZFHGFZFGBMPG\KC\RI,[CGFKGPKRKOFZCFGNBFKFYKGO
NBG\QFPKRKOGFP[VIG\MGNOBNBTNKEKMRKS\ON\KCF,MQFGBPP[...MQKKMRSG
FXEKYKOBNSGEBGZIKCGZFHFNF\YKKO.GMLSDGN\FIKCGZ,[PKE[TGSYCI[YG,
BFC\F’K[BCRGM[BKC\FBCQF[GBC\B\FCZHN,GKKMRSBNKGNFXN\RV[GGZGIG
GR[P\GG\KYGRG.GBVKNGBOKFKFZ[TBKQI[[BOKKMRS.
Z’P[FYGZEGCKZG,FZP"Y,"BGZKYZ",[TZB,SKPQF
121 | ��ł���
FCFRYGGFMKCBGVQMHFMNBIKRGCK\K[ZBNKYCTGNKPGECSVZFHGFZFYEG[KIE,
T[KZGBCKGQYJGQGDEGN[OFGB.GPFJGCGPFRTKOBOK[\ENGNYCGTICZG\NNKPGE
FHGFZ,GCVZJNT\MHB\B[ZRKXGXKFDBGNFFINGNVZGITNKRG,NF[\ENCNKPGE
FYEG[FHF.
FYEP\FZCRKONHGFZ,EVGSD’ZCF
GNGTPK[GPTNK,CEGZFHF[FPKRe\DGCZ,FKGNGPEKOTO\KRGYCQ\[T[RKO
SVZFHGFZ.
Z’KXIYBKHKYKFGEFKIKBNSVZKQPYGPZRF,"RGXZISE",VZYE,P[RFM
M[KFKFYZGCNKPG\FP[KIBVKNG\KRGYG\[CTGNOT\KEKONPXGBSGEG\FIMPF,
GNET\CFOY]XKOGI[CGRG\[NFDBGNF,GCBG\GFHPQ\KDNFNMN.GHF[M\GCMKBH
BFVGLBNTPKO.PFGBH?FKKRGCHPQ[MRS\K[ZBN\YGOPTVZ,GKYKOBG\FFYC"F,
BHBFVGLBNTPKO[VFCZGZFNYZGBMGNOC[OF’GNTGCEG[&M&OBIE.
SVZFHGFZ,VZ[\GKZB,BG\\S
��Æœ�Ø��ª��łÆª�ł �
MT\FHPQFPIKKCNFZCG\YRKKQC\GZFFVRKPK\.SVZFHGFZFVGZWR\KCG\IE[G\,
PsKOCPECZEZLPSKNFCTZCF,FGBGMN\CGB\GPGMQFGBNV\GIV\IKDBGNF.
FZBK"FYGY,"BGZG\",RH
MNTKYZMGGR\KCIGCZG\KK,GCMNPF[BRKMG\C,FGBZYNTGZZNCC\NPKEKIMPKO,
HYRKOGXTKZKO,NTSGYCTKGQCVRKPKG\F\GZF.
FZBK"FYGY,BDZG\FZBK"F,I"B,TP’PB
122|�Æ�ł ØŁŁ�œÆøÆ����ł
BPZGCHGFZ,[SVZFHGFZNBK\DNFBNBCBIZK\FKPKO,EFKKRGCKPG\FP[KI...GP\GL
[RDNFFHGFZCEGZRGHF,FZKHGFGMIFCZGZF[BRIRGRPXBKOMCZCKPG\FP[KI,
C\IKN\G[NBG\GFEGZ[TNKGRBPZ:"GPNBFFBZWETFB\F’".
CTNFSGNO,"PBPZNSKGOFHGFZ"
SVZKFYCNFGFHGFZPNBKOPP[NKOD[PKKO,TNMQRVNFVIE,[NBKXB[MZG
CFVSEG...GFKB[FTKZRKNT[G\CKBGZPSVKYTNM\CKFBZ"KH"N,GT\FTNFHGFZ
FYEG[,GFSZ\KFVIEFHFNDPZK.MKCKBZ\KGFGMI\KCTNKNB\FRP[NFZGIRK[N
MNECZ,[FGBPGV[JPMNEPKGQD[PK,NPTNFPFPYGOGNPTNFPFHPQ,MPG
[KZBGFPTKKRKO.NPTQNBV[ZNMNFPGQCK\K[ZBNNNPGESVZFHGFZ,GNF\IPO
CBGZGFYEG[.
CTNFSGNO,"FYEPFNSVZFHGFZ",BG\RI
œ���œ��ł
FHGFZFKFT\KENFKG\DRGH...TE[KCGBFEGZFBIZGQCSGUFKPKO,[BHK\DNF.
Z’K[TKFFNGKFGZGCKW,F[N"FFYEG[,"CT[ZFPBPZG\",FPBPZFZB[GQ,KH
NKPGEFHGFZFYEG[CHPQFHFRXZLNRGPBGENFDQGNFXKNBG\RGRDEMNZT,MKDKNGK
FIMPFHB\T\FCEGZG\DZGTG\FGB.
Z’KTYCXPI,CFYEP\GN"TWIKKO"
CT\TKYCBEP[KIB,F\DCZG\FZTGFTHG\GFPKEG\ZTG\CFRFDG\ZB[KTZCZC,
R\DNFFBGZFDRGHPQF[PKO,SVZFHGFZGF\KYGRKOGBIZKFOM\CKPGZRGFBZ"K.GCHF
FNKPGEPCTZFYGXKOGFZT[CRV[G,GKHMFNE#a+YTXPGCBGZTNKGQGKHMFNMNPKEG\
JGCG\[CTGNO.
Z’KXIYBKHKYKFGEFKIKBNSVZKQPYGPZRF,"FKMNFCZMF",ECZKO,ZI
123 | �œ���œ���ł
NKPGEHF[R\DNFCHPQFHFCMNMLCFKZG\GBGZGF\V[JG\,FGBPIP\[FZTDGCZ
PBGEGMRS\K[ZBNRGVN\,GCNKPGEHFRHEMLFRV[.GCBP\CT\NKPGEFSGEG\,GCVZJ
SVZFHGFZGF\KYGRKO,PBKZFRV[.
Z’KXIYBKHKYKFGEFKIKBNSVZKQPYGPZRF,"R\KCPXGG\KL",FYEPF,[CKNFKIGEB,BG\E
ZCK[PTGQCZKGIBKFTKEC\KYGRKO[FSVZTXPGKFKFRS\ZTEEGZFBIZGQ,EGZ
FP[KI,MKXGZLDEGNFGBTSYFIMPFFHB\NKKIEYGC"FG[MKR\KF~FYC"FG[MKR\G|
NSPLBNHFCDNG\,GNMQR\DNFFSVZFHGFZCEGZFHFFBIZGQ,NZBG\BOKTSYGCG
CBPK\G\NT[G\SPLGSTEN[MKRF.
"BGZFIPF"NHI"D,EUYF,C[OFZP"Y
����œ�����
GP[GO[T\KEKOK[ZBNNJTGOPTWFIKKO,[FGBSVZFHGFZFHF,KXBGCGPQFDNG\CZIPKO.
SVZFHGFZ,VZ[\R[B,BG\X
CHMG\NKPGEFHGFZFYEG[KCGBFDGBN.
Z’BNKFGCQSGNKPQPBRK,"MSBBNKFG",[TZE
NKPGE\KYGRKFHGFZFYEG[PJFZFDGUGFR[PF,GSDGN\GNYZCFDBGNFCPFZFCKPKRG.
"YXFFPJF"N"PJFBVZKO",SKPQ\YV"B,S"YMD
DBGN\K[ZBNGMNPTN\K[ZBN\NGKCNKPGEFHGFZGCVRKPKG\F\GZF.
CTNFSGNO,"FYEPFNSVZFHGFZ",BG\SJ
124|�Æ�ł ØŁŁ�œÆøÆ����ł
MNFTGSYCSVZHFPYZCFDBGNFGTG[FRI\ZGIDEGNNKGXZG...MKMLDHZFCGZB,
[NBK\DNFGKFKFDRGHTESGUFKPKO,[CHMG\GKCGBEZGZ,MKSDGNFHGCGGNBCHGN\G.
Z’[NGOCQP[FCGHDNG,"PYE[PNL"N\KYGRKFHGFZ
��ł���Ø�ø��
F\KCG\GFEKCGZ[NHGFZFYEG[TXPQPY[ZKOB\FBEONBKQSGUK\CZL.
Z’P[FK[ZBNCZBNKFG,"[BZK\K[ZBN",[TZFF\Y[ZG\,[TZB,EZG[F,PBPZC
K[FZCF[GJKO[CGZIKOPNNPGEZHKQ[NPGZRGFBZ"KGSVZFHGFZ,B[ZFOIKKRG.GNG
TPK[GPTNK,CTYCG\P[KIBB[ZFZTGFPKRG\DGCZ,FKG[GYEKOMNKPKFONNPGESVZ
FHGFZGF\KYGRKOGM\CKPZ"Q,GFKGPCJNKOMNDH+ZG\ZTG\,GFKGPP[KMKO[VTGBGZ.
Z’KXIYBKHKYKFGEFKIKBNSVZKQPYGPZRF,"RGXZISE",VZYE,P[RFM
NKPGEFHGFZFYEG[PCJNMNPKRKVGZTRKG\.
ZCRKKZG[NKO,[R\\ZV"B
KBPZHGFZCMNKGOGKGOGKFKFNGVZRSF.
"PEZ[VRIS",PZ’VRIS[VKZBPYGZKW
��ł�ø���ł
GFP[MKNKOKHFKZGMHGFZFZYKT,BNGFOCTNKYCNF.BNGFOFP[\ENKOCHGFZFHF
FRYZBSVZFHGFZ[FGBM\KC\RI,[P\YCXKOCF[RKKOPTKZG[CTPPNMG\[CFO
P\YKKO,"MNFCQFKKNGEFKBGZF\[NKMGFG".GHFFGBFBGZ[NSVZFHGFZFHF.
SVZFHGFZ,VZ[\CFTNG\L,BG\VI
125 | ���ł��Ø�ø��
B[ZKRGPFJGCINYRG,[HMKRGNBGZGNKNLGNFDG\CBPZKRGTOPHKGHGFZTNKGQBGZ
FYEG[.I]jfPP\YKOGMGNGPIPEKO,PKO[BKQNFOSGUGYW,NFCKQGNF[MKNCPT[F
CZB[K\GCPT[FFPZMCF,GBKLNFKG\PZMCFNF\KKIEGNF[KCRV[BNPYGZPIXCF
G[GZ[F.GHB\RINJGR[Z[CRV[K,B[ZPK[NBZBFBGZSVZFHGFZ,NBZBFBGZPKPKG.
Z’XCKFKZ[BKKMR[JKKQPHKEKJ[GC,"TJZ\XCK",V’CFTNG\L
K\IE[NGCMNZDTBGZIE[PP[,TE[RT[FPP[CZKKFIE[F,TNKEKFHGFZ
GPZ"QFBZ"K.
Z’KXIYBKHKYKFGEFKIKBNSVZKQPYGPZRF,"FKMNFCZMF",ECZKO,EUKB
GNHFFSVZKKYZBSVZFHGFZ,PVRKF[VT\FBGZFFGBPFHGFZFTNKGQ.GEZLBGZG
P[VKTKOCF[DIFBNGYK\MNFP\TSYKOCG,[FKFBGZG[VTTNKGQPFET\PG[VT
CZHK\GZFEFKKRGZHKGS\ZK\GZFGMG’.MKGGQ[R[VTP[O,RYZBFIKCGZFHFSVZ
FHGFZ,MNGPZ[R[VTPFHGFZFFGB.
Z’P[FYGZEGCKZG,FZP"Y,"ETB\BNYKBCKL",C
NFNFKCNCCG\K[ZBNN\GZFGNTCGEFCIMPFFVRKPK\,P\GYFPEC[GRGV\XGU,
PBKZG\TKRKKOGP[KCG\RV[,IPGEFDRGHF,P\GYFBGZNTKRKKOGJGCNRV[,NHMMF
GNFBKZFCPKEG\JGCG\K[ZG\,NJTGOJTOBGZFDRGHNTGNOFCBCTGNOFHF=
TNKEKIMP\FHGFZ.
Z’KXIYBKKHKYKFGEFKIKBNSVZKQPYGPZRF,"R\KCPXGG\KL",FYEPF
FNGPEFHGFZVRKGPHFKZKO,GHFGFJTONPFRYZBSVZFH‘FZ...ZPHNTRKKRKOTNKGRKO,MK
\KC\HF"ZDKPJZKFFBK"QSG"UCZGLFGB.
FYEP\FPG"N,HGFZNKGGZRG
M[TGSYCIKCGZHFPTGZZKOMGIFR[PG\GMGIFXEKYKOFFOTOMGIP[FZCRGTNKG
F[NGO...MKCFKG\OP\TSYKOCGFOPIE[KOFBGZFPIGE[[R\IE[CT\IKCGZG,GPHFKZF
126|�Æ�ł ØŁŁ�œÆøÆ����ł
F[MKRFGPBKZFPBG\GFBGZM\IKN\IKEG[FBH.GMNFTGSYKOCFIGHZKOGPTGZZKOBG\G
F\GTN\GBG\GFBGZFYGEO[DKNFZCK[PTGQCZKGIBKGICZKGC[T\IKCGZG.
Z’P[FYGZEGCKZG,FZP"Y,"BGZKYZ",[TZB,SKPQF
��ł�ø�Ø��ºø���ÆØ Ø
N[GQFHGFZFYEG[FGBPSGDNNR[PFBU[BKRGPCKQMNNPF[BGPZ.MP[NFRMRS
NIRG\[NCG[O,BUTNVK[NBNYIMNGOPMNPYGOZKIJGCYNJT]PG.
Z’P[FIKKOBVZKOPSEKNYGC,"EDNPIRFBVZKO",NKYGJKO
GPK[NBHMFNFCKQCHGFZBUTNVKMQKYZB,MKFN[GQPSGDNNHMLFR[PFGNFBKZF
HGFZRVNB.*
SKEGZZ’[C\KZB[YGCTZ,SEZFNKPGE,EUKH
NKPGEFHGFZFGB[NPG\DEGNBNFRV[,GBUTNVK[BKRGPCKQ,FN[GQ[NFHGFZNCE
PSGDNPBGE.
Z’IRGLFRKLPBNSY,SEZFNKPGE,BG\C
PK[FGBCTNTSYDEGN,KFKFZGCNKPGEGCHGFZBU[BKRGPCKQ.MKPFBMV\NG[BKRG
PCKQ,BVKNGMLFGBSDGNF.
Z’[RKBGZHNPQPNBEK,PBPZKFBEPG"ZFHYQFYXZKO,EU\YTB
*ECZKOEGPKORK\QNPXGBDOCPYGZG\FCBKO:SKEGZ[TZF[PKO,CSEZFNKPGE[M\CGFYEPGRKO;FZ"PVBVZK[,
"BGZXEKYKO",SKPQB,STKUJH;SVZ"PJFBVZKO",SKPQ\YVB,S"YKH;"BGZNK[ZKO",C[OFZCKPYBCZKQ;Z’KTYC
YBVKN,SKEGZ"YGNKTYC",SEZMGGR\FNKPGE;Z’IKKOFMFQ,"FRFDG\JGCG\",BG\PF.
PYGZG\BNFGMQPYGZG\RGSVKOTNBGEG\I[KCG\NKPGEFHGFZPGCBKOCSVZ"NZBG\JGC".RK\QNPXGBB\FSVZ
CB\Z"YCNFNTO"www.kab.co.il
127 | ���ł�ø�Ø���ºø��ÆØ�Ø�
BP\[PYGCNCKEKRG,[DOPK[NBKETMNGO,BUTNVKMQN[GQFHGFZPSGDN
NHMLFRV[.
Z’XCKBNKPNL[VKZBPEKRGC,PFZX"B,FGSVG\PFZX"B,BG\J
PHPQB[ZFXKWGHZIBGZKYZG\[N[RKPBGZG\FDEGNKO,SVZF\KYGRKOGSVZFHGFZ,
YKKPGGYKCNGFKFGEKOYFNTE\K[ZBN,NFIHKYCNKPGEFYEG[[NF\KYGRKOGFHGFZ,
KIKEGZCKOPRTZGTEHYQ.GFDO[BKQNBNKEONF[KDGNFCKQSGEBPZG\JFGZG\
[CSVZKOFYEG[KOFBNF,BUTNVKMQ[G\KOCXPBB\ECZKFOGP\NFCKOCYZKB\O
PBGEPBGE.
Z’KGSUIKKOPCDEBE,FCQBK[IK,"CRKFG",FYEPF
NKPGESVZFHGFZR[DCPBGENJFZGNYE[FRV[.GBVKNGBONBKETPFBGPZG[GDF
CG[DKBG\FZCF,FGBI[GCNVRKFYEG[CZGLFGB.MPG[M\GC"GE]DNfTNKKBFCF",
VKZ[GZCG\KRGH"N,GEKNGDGTNKKBFCF.
NPFFECZEGPF?N\KRGYYJQ[BKRGKGETECZGPECZIXKKQ[N\KCG\CNTDK[VF,
GBCKGGBPGKXIYGNG,K[PIGNYGNG.MLKG[CC[PKOK[IYGK[PI,M[FBK[FK[ZBNK
K[NGIKCFC\GZF,GZGXFNNPGEBLBKQET\GP[D\BGBKQNGPK[KNPERGGNGPE
M[KGET,CGGEBKTG[FRI\ZGINKGXZGGCBC[MZG.FRFMKMQ,BKQPYGOVJGZNPK
[BKRGKGETNNPGE,BKQJTRFHGVGJZ\GNKGOFEKQ,MKKMGNNNPGEMPG[KGET.
Z’BNKTHZCZKXIYVVG,"VNBKGTW",TZLHGFZ
PKKGMNsKIDGENYEG[\SVZFHGFZG\GTN\G,B[ZECZKGXVGRKOGRS\ZKOMNVKEKO
CGTZKOPBKZKOGPHFKZKO.V\ITKRKKO,PYGZFIKKO,IKKFRV[G\,\GMGZXGUBFCF,
ECZKGPNFKCKOB\FNCCG\NBFCFGNKZBFB\F’FRMCEGFRGZB.GBUPK[BKRGPCKQ
\GMKG\VRKPKG\ECZKG,MNI+LFJGTPGGNGPEN[GRG,ECZKGFPFPSGDNKONR[PF
NFBKZFGNHMMFMRGET.
FYEP\CK\EKQBPSJZEONEVGSFHGFZ,\YS"E
[PTRGCVKZG[PVKBEPG"ZFHYQCNKBHRK,[K[CIKR\JPJGOFPGIGMG’,GNHFPGTKN
YZKB\ECZKFHGFZFYEG[BU[NBKETPF[BGPZ.
"IRFBZKBN"NZ’KXIYBKKHKYFNGKBV[JKKQPFBPKN,[PG\,TP’SE
128|�Æ�ł ØŁŁ�œÆøÆ����ł
œØ��� ø�
BPZFCTN[OJGCH"N...BPKZ\FHGFZPSGDNNR[PF.
SVZR\KCZ["K,C[OZ’FNNPVBZKJ[
MNBG\GBG\[NSVZFHGFZGM\CKPZ"Q~FBZ"K|...FO\KYGRKODEGNKONR[PFN\YQ
MNFDNDGNKO.
Z’KXIYBKHKYKFGEFKIKBNSVZKQPYGPZRF,"RGXZISE",VZYE,P[RFM
CRKKGBIKK,\ZDKNGTXPMONNPGECECZKFHGFZGF\KYGRKOC[YKEF.GPK[NBZBFBGZ
FHGFZP\GYKOPEC[,NBZBFPBGZG\PKPKGGNBJTOJTOF\GZF.GTGE[FGBPJFZ
FRV[GPHMMF,BVKNGBPKZFCTNPBPQF[V\KKOSDGNFG\KYGQFRV[PBGE,GCVZJ
SVZF\KYGRKO[FO\KYGRKFRV[PP[PMNVDOGSKDGIGNB\.
Z’KXIYBKHKYKFGEFKIKBNSVZKQPYGPZRF,FYEP\SVZ"TXKTEQ"
KZDKNNNPGECYCNF,[YZKB\FYCNFFKB\KYGQNTGGQHF.GNMQRYZBGFPYGCNKO
PIXEKIYNB~YGXZKF[EF|TN[O[MGZ\KOMNFYNKVG\.GNKPGESVZFHGFZFGBCMNN
\KYGQHF.
"YZRG\XEKY",BG\RD
IP[EVKOPHGFZFYEG[CMNKGOFGB\GTN\DEGNG\KYGQDEGNNRV[NFBKZFGNHMMF
GN\YRF,GFGBPZVBG\KYGQNIJBKOGNV[TKO[NFRV[.
"PJFBVZKO",SKPQ\YJG,S"YH
M\CGFPVZ[KOGHFN[GRO:FNGPECHGFZFYEG[P\YQTGNPG\FTNKGRKO,GFNGPE
C\KYGRKOPCZKIFYNKVG\GP\YQTGNOFT[KF.GPHFFJTOKSEZCK[PTGQCZKGIBK
FHGFZFYEG[CI[CGQDEGNGSVZF\KYGRKOCI[CGQYJQ.GHF[M\GC"GKCZBBNYKOB\
[RKFPBGZG\FDEGNKO",ZPHNSVZFHGFZFYEG[GSVZF\KYGRKO...FZK[NKPGECFO
FGBECZDEGNN\YQTGNPG\C[PKOGCBZW.
Z’IKKOIGZK,"ISEGBP\"
129 | œØ�����ø��
ŁØ�ł�Æ
BPKZ\HGFZPSGDN\NJFZ\FNC.
"BGZK[ZKO",PKZBEMKB
GECYRV[L\PKENVKF[D\LCSVZFHGFZGCM\CKPZ"QFBZ"K.GECYRV[LPBGE
CKZBFGBFCFGFMRTF,[NB\FKFMGGR\LINKNFNFKG\ZCGZCK,MKHFGTCGEFHZF
PP[.GNMQBIKKGCRKK,RV[G\KYZG\,DCGFKOGZPKO,\ECYGRV[MOCSVZFHGFZ.
Z’KXIYBKHKYKFGEFKIKBNSVZKQPYGPZRF,"RGXZISE",VZYE,P[RFB
CKY[PZCG[KRXNPQFDBG\GFVXKZNGPBGETNHF,GBPZNG[KNPEHGFZ.GBPZNG,
"BRKNGPEHGFZ",F[KCNGZCG,[KNPEFZCFHGFZ.
"PEZ[VRIS",PZ’VRIS[VKZBPYGZKW
�Ø��ª��łÆø�����Ø��ª��ł
FN[GQ[NFHGFZPSGDNN[MKRFGNR[PF,NYZGBCGKG\ZPMNTSYF\GZF.
\KYGQNKNFG[TRBZCB
PKNRGDEGNPFSVZFYEG[FHF,SVZFHGFZ,KVZ[FEZMKOKSYNFPSKNF,KMRKSBFCF
GKZBFCNCG[NBEO,KNPERG,KEZKMRGCPTDNKXEY,NFCKBBG\RGBNFPRGIFGBNFRINF.
FYEP\FPG"N,HGFZEVGSPRJGCF
NBK[KDBGZIG\IKKOBNBTNKEKNKPGEFHGFZ...GCEGZFHFBKBV[ZNFP[KL[MKRF
TNKGRFBNBTNKEKFHGFZGM\CKFBZ"KGFZCIKKOGKJBNCNCE,[RBPZGCZGIFYGE[.
GCEGZFHF,PKFBK[FIVWIKKO,BGFCKPKOPCNKNCNG\KGOCN\KYEG[F,NZBG\JGC
TGNOFCBCTGNOFHF,KECYRV[GCSVZFHGFZGCM\CKFBZ"KGFZCIKKOGKJBNCNCE.
Z’KXIYBKHKYKFGEFKIKBNSVZKQPYGPZRF,"FKMNFCZMF",ECZKO,RI
130|�Æ�ł ØŁŁ�œÆøÆ����ł
BPZFBZ"KH"N,[NKPGEKGOBIEPSVZFHGFZGSGEG\F\GZFFGBMRDENKPGE[RF
\PKPFPV[J.GCHMG\HFFYC"FKBZKLKPKFOCJGCG[RG\KFOCRTKPKOFTG[ZGFMCGE
KIEKGKFKG\PKOCCRKOGCRKCRKOGC\KOPMNJGC,PNBKOCCZM\F’GCZM\BNKFG.
FYEPF,HGFZEVGSNKGGZRG,\ZR"C
NKPGEFHGFZCDZSBCTNPBCGRFTGNPG\.GMN[MQBOKHMFNNPGEGNFCKQVKZG[
PBPZ,KT[FCG\KYGQNPTNFC[TFBI\,PF[NBKT[FCNKPGEFV[J[RF\PKPF.
Z’[NGOCQP[FCGHDNG,"MSBPNL",\KYGQPD,BG\S
FJTO[M\CGH"NMKNKPGEFHGFZFYEG[RGZBGR[DCPBGE...CMNF\GZFK[VZE"S
~V[J,ZPH,EZ[,SGE|GCMNNKPGEBKRGRKMZFSGEMNN,GBEZCF,FYGZBG[GRFET\GTN
FV[JNCECBKQPCKQBOK[SGEC\GZFMNN.PF[BKQMQCSVZFHGFZFYEG[,
[FSGEG\FOCDNGKGFNGPEKGETMKKECZRVNBG\GZHK\GZFGFGBNBK+E#T,GNHFPGTKN
PBGEN\YQFRV[.
Z’IKKOPGGNGH’KQ,"RV[FIKKO",PTZM\H
BKQSVYMKMNNKPGEC\GZFFYEG[FRK[BGZOFGBPZGPO,GCVZJBOKFKFN[PF
CBPK\KG\,GEBKCGRFC[PKOPTNKG\KGGP\YQFTGNPG\GPKKIEFEGEKO,BPROB[Z
DEGNNKPGEFHGFZ,FKKRG[FPYZBGP[RFGF\NPGEFOPNGC[KOPBGEGBKRGRKMZ
CFOFSGEMNN,NBMQFHGFZ[PECZCSGEKF\GZFCVKZG[,GBKQV\KFYGZB[NBKCKQ
MKECZKGCTGPYKZHKF\GZF.GNMQNFKG\S\ZK\GZFDNGKKOCNKNCG[FQPHFKZKO
GPBKZKOFRV[.
Z’IKKOKGSUEGEBHGNBK,FIKE"B,FDEGNKONFIKE"B,PTZM\SVZKO,BG\C
NKPGESVZFHGFZPZGPOTNMNNKPGE,DO[NBKETPF[BGPZ,GBU[KJTFCYZKB\G.
GFGB\KYGQDEGNNR[PF,NVK[FDO[MNF\GZF[PG\KG[NFYC"F,PMNPYGO
R\NC[FCMPFSKVGZKO,GBEOFYGZBGPCKQFSKVGZKORG\QET\GTNV[JFV[GJ.BCN
SVZFHGFZFQFSGEG\TXPOCDNGK,GFYGZBKGET[FOSGEG\GS\ZK\GZF,BNB[BKRG
PGCQPYGXZFP[KDGTGPYFPG[D.
Z’IKKOKGSUEGEBHGNBK,FIKE"B,"PGZFCBXCT",BG\PE
131 | �Ø��ª���łÆ�ø�����Ø��ª�ł
PF[BRGZGBKO,[K[CRKBEO[BKQET\ORP[M\BIZSVZKOYEG[KOGRGZBKOPBGE,
MDGQSVZKFHGFZGSVZKFBZKH"NGMKGXB,BUTNVK[K[CFOIKEG[KORGZBKOPBGE
PBGE,FPBKZKOTKRKKOGP\GYKOMEC[,GFORP[MKOEGGYBBIZTRKKRKOBIZKOMDGQ
IYKZG\=ETMKHFGPIP\PHDO,MK[BKROKMGNKONSCGNB\FECZFYEG[CBP\.
GCBP\CGGEBKK[NGCIKZFGK[NGMGIN[CZB\PHDGFZT,BCNPBIZ[RGNECPHDZT
MHF,FGBXZKLNSCGNPZKZG\DEGNN[CZB\PHDGGJCTGFZT.
Z’RIPQPCZSNC,[KIG\FZ"Q,P’
FNGPEFHGFZPYZCFDBGNF,GMLM\CFZC"BP\NKTYC"H"N,CFYEP\SVZGP[+O
FHGFZGF\KYGRKO.GFIZKEFZCFFZCTNPK[NGPE\GZF[CM\CG\GZF[CTNVF,
TGR[GDEGNBONBKNPECSVZFHGFZGIMP\FYCNF.
FYEP\FPG"N,HGFZNKGGZRG
BKRGEGPFIKG\G\TRGDNKPGEFRDNFMNKPGEFHGFZGF\KYGRKO.
"PEZ[VRIS",PZ’VRIS[VKZBPYGZKW
FTKYZ=SVZFHGFZGF\KYGRKO.
"KG[ZECZKBP\",SKPQNJ
��ł-����Ø��Ø��ØÆ�ł�
ET[MNSVZFHGFZGIKGCNKPGEGGMG’,FMNPXGG\T[FNECYFCGGNKET[K[BNGYK
PXGK,CKEKTFYEG[FCVZJGCKKIGEKOGBFCFGKZBFGBIEG\.
Z’KXIYBKHKYKFGEFKIKBNSVZKQPYGPZRF,"R\KCPXGG\KL",[CKNFKIGE,[CKNC,BG\D
[PTGRKBIKKGZTKK,FICZKOFP[\GYYKOGPCY[KBP\BPK\\TCGE\FNC,NIHG\
CRGTOF’GNCYZCFKMNG,RV[K\[\GIIG\ECYCSVZFHGFZ,MB[ZKEGTPVKYEPGRKRG
SDGN\TSYSVZFYEG[.
Z’XCKFKZ[BKKMR[JKKQPHKEKJ[GC,"SGZPZTGT[FJGC"
132|�Æ�ł ØŁŁ�œÆøÆ����ł
KEGT[NKPGEFHGFZPSGDNPBGEPBGE,GET[TNKEKNKPGEFHGFZRT[FI[Y,GFN[GQ
FYEG[[NFHGFZPTGZZPBGENTCGE\F[OK\CZL.
Z’RIPQPCZSNC,[KIG\FZ"Q,Y"I
BKQ[KTGZGTZLNPTN\FFGDFCECZKBNYKOIKKO,CSVZFHGFZGMNFRNGGKOBNKG,
GCECZKIMPKBP\GCKG\ZCM\CKFBZKH"NFCZGZKO...MKTNKEKFTSYF\PKEKKDNG
[TZKBGZFGV\IKIMPFNMNFFGNLC\GOCEZLF’,B[ZIPEFRV[GNYZCFBNFKMN
PNLFMCGEIKFTGNPKOCZGLFGB.GTNMQKFKGCZGMKOMNFP\RECKONTSGYCMPF,
BVKNG[TFBG[\KKOCKGOPEKKGOCKGPG...GPI[CFJGCFFYC"FPXZVFNPT[F,
GKKI[CMBKNGTGPEFGBMNFKGO\PKECIXZG\F’GP[MRG\KGCSGEG\F\GZF.
FZBK"FYGY,BDZG\FZBK"F,I"B,TP’VF
FNGPEFHGFZ,[FKBIMP\FYCNF,RT[FCQNYEG[CZGLFGB.
FYEP\FPG"N,HGFZNKGGZRG
K\IHYMNCZK[ZBNNNPGECHGFZFYEG[,BU[KTCGZTNKGMPFRKSKGRG\NFVZKEBG\G
INKNFPNNPGECHGFZFYEG[.GMQBOTCZTNKGMPFRKSKGRG\PCRKBEOFPDG[PKO
CIGPZ[NFO,[FONKXRKFEGZZIPRBNKXNQ,GFGBKG[CCKRKFOM[G[RFCKQFIGIKO...
K\IHYCTNRV[PK[ZBNFZGXFNFKECYCECKYG\FCGZBCZGLFGB...BUTNVK[RZBF
NGCPYX\BKHFVTPKO[FGBM[G[RFCKQFIGIKO,BNK[DKITNHF.IHYGR\IHYCMGI
FBKQSGUCZGLFGBGCZGL[PG.
Z’BNKTHZCZ[OJGCVBVG,EP[YBNKTHZ,CFYEPF,EZLFYGE[,BG\KC
�� Ø�Ø��ªø Ø���ª��ØØøł��
FCTN[OJGCXKGGFNBR[KG,[YGEOMN\VKNFKNPEGPBPZKHGFZ.
Z’KXIYCZK[TKFTJKF,"EGZ[JGC",TRKQHGFZ
133 | ��Ø�Ø��ªø���Ø���ª��ØØøł�
YGEOF\VKNFNPTJCEKCGZMNPF[BV[Z,GNNPGEBKHFTRKKQCHGFZFYEG[BG
C\KYGRKOBGCHGFZIE[.
SEZFKGOGBHFZG\FYGE[CS’"CK\BFZQ"
NBK\VNNTE[KNPECHGFZFYEG[,FQZCFQPTJ.
"[NIQFJFGZ",SKPQXD,BG\C
K]H@F+ZNNPGECMNNKNFYGEOF[KRFBGCBDEFBGCHGFZFYEG[.
Z’KIKBNPKMNPHNGJ[GC,FRFD\Z’PKMNPHNGJ[GC,BG\MB
PM\CPGZRGFCTN[OJGCNFZCZ’EGEPPKYBNBKGC,TXF[NBNKZBC[KRF,NNPGE
PBPZBIEP\KYGRKHGFZYGEOF[KRF.
"M\Z[OJGC",C[OZ’K[ZBNCTN[OJGC,FCT["J
BOHMFKNPECHGFZFYEG[CB[PGZG\,MKCHMG\GKXBGK[ZBNPFDNG\[EGPFNNKNF.
SKEGZ"[TZF[PKO",CSEZFNKPGE[M\CGFYEPGRKO
SVZFHGFZCGECGYRV[K,TEB[ZC[MCKGCYGPKCGRY[Z\K,NBRIGNB[YJNCK,MK
CBP\FSVZFHFKEGTGPVGZSOSDGN\T]SYGCG,GFGBPYGZNMNSVZKKZBKO.
P\GLPM\CCTN"TJZ\XCK"NZCGFZBK"FPBVJB
K[RGFDKONNPGEHGFZFYEG[MGNGCMNF[RF,[PINYKOFEVKOMVKFKPKO[NMN
F[RF,GB[ZKFOGB[ZKINYO.
Z’BNKFGCQSGNKPQPBRK,"MSBBNKFG",[TZE
BPZFDBGQFXEKYZCK[NPFCNGLH"NP[OZCGFIVWIKKOH"N,[TNNKPGESVZ
FHGFZBKQ[GOFDCNFMKZGCGPEZ[.GFKFFIVWIKKOPTGZZNMGNO[KNPEGMN[C\
B\FHGFZ[NBG\FVZ[FGBVKNGNCIGZKO.
Z’KGSUCQ[NPFPVGH’KQ,FGSVG\CRKQKGSU
134|�Æ�ł ØŁŁ�œÆøÆ����ł
\YRG\ZB[GRG\,NYCGTNKPGE\PKEKB[ZNBKVSKYFNKPGEFYEG[FHFCSVZFHGFZ
FYEG[G\KYGRKO,NNPGEMNBK[PFOINYGHFBIZHF.
"KZKOP[F",TRKKRKORVNBKOPZ’P[FIKKONGXBJG,FZPI"N
\KYQCK[KCF[NG[KNPEGHGFZG\KYGRKOGHGFZIE[CNKFVSY,PTNG\F[IZTE
XB\FMGMCKO.
"KZKOP[F",TRKKRKORVNBKOPZ’P[FIKKONGXBJG,FZPI"N
GCMNNHFDOMQ\KHFZGCRKKPBGENNPGE,BGTNMNVRKONGPZCMNKGOCCGYZF[MO
BNKCBZKYRB[KTGZHGFZFYEG[,GECZHFPGTKNPBGENJFZ\FRV[.
"ZIPKFBC",SKPQD
ZBGKNYCGTTXPGNNPGEIP[EVKOCHGFZCMNKGO.GFGB\GTN\DEGNG\KYGQDEGN
NRV[,NFBKZFGNHMMFGN\YRFGNMNG\YGXKO,PKEG\ZTG\G\BGG\ZTG\,NHMG\
CRGTOF[O.
Z’KXIYBKHKYKFGEFKIKBNSVZKQPYGPZRF,"R\KCPXGG\KL",CFYEPF,[CKNF\GZFB,BG\NB
BPZPGZK~FBZ"K|HMZGRGNCZMFNZCBCZFOFNGKTXFJGCFNTRKKQF[DF,[KNPECHGFZ
EZLCYKBG\CNCE,CNK[KTPKYCTKGQBZCTKOBGIPK[KOTNKQCMNKGO,G[KYZBCSVZ
FHGFZVTPKOZCG\.
Z’IKKOGKJBN,M\CKFBZ"K,[TZZGIFYGE[
KZBFNSKKOHGFZK[QGHGFZIE[GF\KYGRKOCMN[RF.BLBOKNPESEZFVZ[KG\[N
FHGFZFYEG[TNSEZF[CGTG\,NBKSVKYNVTPKO[RKKOG[NG[F[CGTG\CVZ[F
BI\,EFKKRGCVZ[G\DEGNG\.
NMQZBGK[KYCT[KTGZFNKPGEPFHGFZFYEG[G\KYGRKOD’EVKOCMNKGO,[KGMN
NF[NKOMNFHGFZK[QGIE[G\KYGRKOCMN[RF.GBIZNKPGED’EVKOKYCTNKPGEG
C[BZSVZKFPYGCNKO,GKNPESVZKFPYGCNKOTNSEZ[KMGN,TE[KSKKOMNSVZK
FPYGCNKOFRPXBKOGMG’,BLFHGFZFYEG[GF\KYGRKOKHFZNSKKPOCMN[RFMR"N,
GMHFK\RFDMNKPKIKKG.
Z’BNMSREZHKSYKREPFGZERB,"KSGEG[GZ[FTCGEF",[TZF[K[K,[TZFRKXGW
135 | ��Ø�Ø��ªø���Ø���ª��ØØøł�
Ø�Ø�Æ�Ø��ª��ł
SVZFHGFZ,K[NGCMNKGOVKZG[BIZ.
"EDNPIRFBVZKO"NZ’P[FIKKOBVZKOPSEKNYGC,V’CB,TP’VE
M[NGPEHGFZKTKKQNIMP\BP\CMNPKNFGPKNF.
SKEGZZ’[C\KZB[YGCTZ,SEZFNKPGE,EUKH
M[NGPEHGFZKTKKQCMNPKNFGPKNF,MKMNBG\FGBIKEG[CVRKTXPG.GECZKOFRZBKO
MV[JBKROBNBSGE,MKFHGFZMGNGBGZF.
Z’IKKOFMFQ,"FRFDG\JGCG\",BG\PG
CNKPGEFHGFZFKFCGMFFZCFTE[KHMFNFCKQ.
TNZ’RIPQPCZSNC,[KIG\FZ"Q,I
�º�œ��ł��º��œ���
MNFJGTOPSVZFHGFZKJTGOCTXPG,B[ZBKQIMPFCTGNOMIMP\TPYKS\ZKJTPK
\GZF,GMNFIMPG\PCNTEFNBVSG\GFGRI[CG.
Z’XCKFKZ[BKKMR[JKKQPHKEKJ[GC,"SGZPZTGT[FJGC"
FVNKDPBGEMPFVTPKOC[CIDENG\YEG[\F"\KYGRKHGFZ".GFKFZDKNNTSGYCG
CKG\Z...GBPZ,[CSVZF\KYGRKOMNGNKOMNFIMPG\[CTGNO.
TNZ’RIPQPCZSNC,[KIG\FZ"Q,YM"I
136|�Æ�ł ØŁŁ�œÆøÆ����ł
łøÆ"Ø��Æ�łœÆ��Ø��ł
NTGNOBKQMGICRGNFV[KJF\GZFPPNCG[KF,BONBZCK[PTGQCZKGIBKGICZKG.
Z’P[FYGZEGCKZG,FZP"Y,"ETB\BNYKBCKL",JH
FKFZ[C"KPDNFSGEG\F\GZF,GICZKOPY[KCKONYGNG,GP\ICZKOTPGNFKG\CIKCGZ
HF,MNBIETGRFINYG...GFRFZ[C"KXKGGFNZCKBCBNFKG\MG\CGPSEZB\MN
FECZKOB[ZKECZG.
Z’P[FIKKONGXBJG,FZPI"N,"BEKZCPZGO",TP’ME
FRFZ[C"KIKCZSVZFHGFZ,NVKFFBZFB[ZFDKTBNKGCFK\YRGCPTZF...HFG
IKCGZDEGNGRGZBFPDNFTGPYFSGEG\CCKZGZZCTNF\GZFTXPF,GHFGRYZBDKNGK
F\GZFCVRKPKG\F.
Z’P[FIKKONGXBJG,FZPI"N,"BEKZCPZGO",TP’ME
ZYCKPKZ[C"K,BIZKK"D[RFB[ZFKFCPTZF,RV\IG[TZKFIMPFTNKG,NFBKZNMN
K[ZBNTEYWFKPKO.
Z’P[FIKKONGXBJG,FZPI"N,"BEKZCPZGO",TP’KD
137 | łøÆ"Ø��Æ�łœÆ��Ø���ł
�2
�ª��œÆ��æ���æ�ł��ł
�ª��æ�ł��ł
�Ł�Ø Æ�łØ*
B(ZXGRKCFYEPFHG,NCZZBKHFECZKOV[GJKONMBGZF,MNGPZ,B[ZKEKFMN
PP[P[G\CFO,GFZCFEKGR[VMFCMEKNCZZO.GCMNHB\,TEKKQNBFDTRGCFONKEK
KEKTFCZGZFGPSVY\.
[BNFB’.PFPFG\RG?
[BNFC’.PF\VYKERGC[N[N\FPXKBG\FBZGMF,[BRGJCTG\YJRG\FKPRF?
[BNFD’.FRF,M[BRGPS\MNKOTNTXPRG,BRGPZDK[KOB\TXPRGPYGNYNKO
G[VNKO,TE[BKQMPGRGNDRG\.GM[BRGPS\MNKOTNFVGTN[T[FBG\RG,FZKBRG
PIGKCKONFKPXBCZGOFPTNG\,[BKQMPGFGN[CI,MKFMZIFGB,[PVGTNF[NO
\XBRFVTGNG\[NPG\.
[BNFE’.NVK[F[MNPIKKC,FNBFGBK\’**
FJGCGPJKC,[BKQNPTNFFKPRGK\’.
GBKLCZBPNM\IKNF,MNMLFZCFCZKG\,[\\TRKRFG\\KKSZRFCMNKPKFKG\Q?GFNGB
PEZLFJGCNFJKC?GTNMNVRKO,NBNFZTMNML?
[BNFF’.BKLBV[Z[PFRXIK,[BKQNGZB[K\GBKQNG\MNK\,\P[MRFCZKG\FGG\
GMNG\GRVSEG\?
~...|
D(BPZGH"N,B[ZFBEOFGBPZMHMNFPXKBG\,[MNFTGNPG\,FTNKGRKOGTGF"H
~TGNOFHF|FD[PK,GMNPNGBO,NBRCZBGBNBC[CKNG)HGFZ,\HZKTP’(.GIKKCGB\
FBEONFBPKQ,[C[CKNGRCZBFTGNO)SRFEZKQNH,T"B(.[NMBGZFY[FNFCKQ,
[C[CKNFBEOFYJQFHF,[BKRG\GVSTZL[N[TZFCTZLPXKBG\FTGF"H,GPMN[MQ
CTZLMNFTGNPG\FTNKGRKO,[BKQYWNFOGNZGPPG\O,JZIFYC"FNCZGBMNBNG
C[CKNG?GMQ,NPFNGNBEOMNHF?
*PGCBKOMBQYJTKORCIZKOP\GL"FYEPFNSVZFHGFZ"G"PCGBNSVZFHGFZ"PB\CTNFSGNO.B\FJYSJKO
FPNBKO[NIKCGZKOBNFRK\QNPXGBCSVZ"M\CKCTNFSGNO"CFGXB\FPMGQNPIYZT"[FZCB[ND,GMQCB\Z
"YCNFNTO"www.kab.co.il
**Z[KP\ZB[K\KCG\GYKXGZKPKNKOFPGVKTKOCM\CKCTNFSGNOPXGZV\CSGUFRSVI)TP’166(.
141 | ��ª���æ�ł���ł
E(GCMEKNFCKQMNBNGF[BNG\GFIYKZG\,\ICGNFFBI\FKB:NFS\MNCSGU
FPT[F.MNGPZC\MNK\FCZKBF.MKBKBV[ZNFCKQ[GOECZCBPXTPNBM\G,BNB
PSGVG.GHFCZGZFGB,[BKQNLVGTNCNK\MNK\.MKZYPK[BKRG[VGKCET\G,\PXBFG
VGTNCNK\MNK\.~...|
G(GMCZFGZGRGIH"N)TKKQTWIKKO,[TZFMNNKO,V"BC\IKN\G(,[NBCZBFYC"F
B\FTGNO,BNBCMEKNKFRG\NRCZBKG.GMBQBRGXZKMKONF[KOB\TKRKRGGMN
PI[CG\KRG.MKFGBSGUFMGGRFGFPT[F[NCZKB\FTGNO.
GK[NF\CGRQ:MKGGQ[PI[C\FCZKBFFKK\FCMEKNKFRG\NRCZBKG,FZKFMZIFGB,
[CZBCR[PG\PKE\ZXGQDEGNFTEPBGE,NYCNB\B[ZI[CNK\QNFQ.[FZKPKE\
DGENG[NMN\TRGDGMNFRBF,PEGEFCPKE\DGENG[NFZXGQNYCNBG\G.TE,[MN
[FZXGQNYCNDEGNKG\Z,FRFC[KTGZFHF,PKE\F\TRGDDEGNFCKG\Z.GMN[FZXGQ
NYCNGVIG\KG\Z,FZKCBG\FFPKEF,RVI\[KTGZF\TRGDPFYCNF.FZK[PI[C\
FCZKBFCTXPF,PIKKC\CFMZINCZGBCR[PG\,ZXGQNYCN,C[KTGZPGVZHCKG\Z,
FP\BKONPKE\F\TRGDFDEGN[MNKMGN\GI[CNTRDB\FR[PG\.MKF\TRGDFDEGN
GFZXGQNYCNFDEGN,TGNKOCYRFBIE.~...|
J(CZGIRKG\,VGTN[KRGKFXGZFMPGDZHQ,FPVZKECKQFD[PKKO.GMQ,[KTGZ
FFZIYF,MVK[KTGZFVMKG\FXGZF.GPMBQ\[MKN,MKGGQ[RJCTCR[PG\FZXGQNYCN
FRB\GMR"N~...|[XGZFHG,BKRFRPXB\MNNCFCGZBK\’,MKISG[NGOPPKKYCN,FZK
[KRGKXGZFFHF,[F[KDGFR[PG\,VGTNNFVZKEOPTXPG\GK\’,MEPKGQFDZHQFIGXC
FBCQPQFFZ.
CBGVQ,[T"K[KRGKFXGZFFHF,KXBGFR[PG\PMNNCGZB,GRCENGFKPRG,NFKG\
RCZBKO.~...|
K(GCMEKN\YQECZFVKZGEFHF,FPGRITNFMNK[NFR[PG\,CZBK\’B\MN
FTGNPG\MGNO.GFCEKNONC’PTZMG\,CSGEFM\GC"HFNTGP\HFT[FBNYKO".
[FQ,E’TGNPG\BCK"T~BXKNG\,CZKBF,KXKZF,T[KF|EYEG[F,GNTGP\OE’TGNPG\
BCK"TEJGPBF.
GFJCKTB\FZXGQNF[VKT,CPTZM\BCK"TEYEG[F.
GFSKZPFO,B\FZXGQNYCNNTXPG.
GR\QBG\GCPTZM\FTGNPG\BCK"TEJGPBF.GRPXBGCDNNG,RVZEKOPFCGZBK\’,
GPMNFTGNPG\EYEG[F.GPJTOHF,PMGRG\FYNKVG\C[O"P\KO",MPG[M\GC:"HCIK
P\KO".GMQFZ[TKO,FRP[MKOBIZKFO.MPG[BPZGIH"N:"FZ[TKOCIKKFO,RYZBKO
P\KO".MKFZXGQNYCNFPGJCTCFO,CFVMKG\FXGZFPYEG[\GK\’,PVZKEQPIKK
FIKKO.GFQZIGYG\PPRGK\’,PYXFBNFYXF.~...|
142|��ª��œÆ���æ����æ�ł���ł
KB(GR[\N[NGFTGNPG\,TENPXKBG\TGNOFHF,FD[PK.EFKKRG,NPYGO[\FKFCG
PXKBG\,DGUGR[PF,GMQHPQ,YNYGNG\KYGQ.~...|
KE(GFRLPGXB,CFMZI,[K[D’PXCKONR[PG\,CEZLMNN:
PXCFB’=FGBPXKBG\QCB"SC"F~BKQ=SGUCZGLFGB|,CPI[C\FCZKBF,[MCZK[
NFQ[OXGZFFT\KEF[NDPZF\KYGQ.
PXCFC’=FGBPXKBG\QCCIKR\[\BBNVK[RK~[[\BNVKO[RF|,[R\INYGT"KC’
FPTZMG\FR"N,NDGUGRV[,GRK\RFNFQFTCGEFC\GZFGPXGG\,*
MEKNFo+LB\FZXGQ
NYCN[CFQ,GNFCKBGNCIKR\ZXGQNF[VKTRI\ZGINKGXZO,GNBNTXPOMNN.GCP[L
HPQPXCFHF,NBKDKT[GO\KYGQNDGVKO,ZYNRV[G\CNCE.MNGPZ,[XZKMKONCTZ
PYZCO,MNCIKR\FYCNFNTXPO,[FKBCIKR\FDGU,GNFK[BZCCIKR\ZXGQBL
NF[VKTCNCE.[HFGXGZ\FZXGQ[CRV[G\.~...|
PXCFD’=FGBDPZF\KYGQ[NFR[PG\,BIZ\IKK\FP\KO,[BHKDKTF\KYGQ
F[NO,DOBNFDGVKQ.MKBHKFVMGDOB\FYCNFTXPF,[FKBXGZ\FDGU,[\[ZF
TNKFXGZF[NF[VTFJFGZF.GRT[KOZBGKKO,NYCNNTXPO,MNFJGCGFTGRDGFRGTO,
[CPI[C\FCZKBF.GTOMNHF,KHMGNECYG\FIHYF,PMGIF[GGB\XGZ\ONKGXZO.MK
NBKYCNGMNHFPXEZXGRONYCN,BNBPXEZXGRONF[VKTRI\ZGINKGXZO,[FZKK[
NGK\’FRBF,[PYCNKOPPRG.~...|
JH(GBKQNFY[G\NVKHF:BOMQR\CJNFPB\RGFCIKZFI"G~ISG[NGO|,MKGGQ[BRG
PGMZIKONF[\NOGNYCNFPXCFD’CFINJ,PMGI[MCZFGBPXGK,CPXCFB’.
GFTRKKQFGB,MKC’EZMKOFMKQNRGF[K"\~F’K\CZL|CPXCFC’,MEKNFCKBRGBNPXC
FD’:
FB’=FGBEZLYKGOF\GZFGPXGG\,TNEZL[R\CBZNTKN.
FC’=FGBEZLKKSGZKQ.B[ZFKKSGZKOCTXPO,PPZYKQB\FDGU,GKMZKIGBG\RG,
NCSGU,NFo+LB\FZXGQNYCN[CRG,GNYCNXGZ\FZXGQNF[VKT,GNFKECYCGK\’.GFGB
TNEZL[BPZGIH"N)SRFEZKQXH,T"C(:"BOB\OIGHZKONPGJC,JGC,GBONBG,BRK
PTPKETNKMOPNL,MFPQ,GCTNMGZIMOFGBKIHKZB\MONPGJC".
*"TCGEFC\GZFGPXGG\"FKBFTCGEFTN\KYGQFZXGQNYCN[CRG)FBDGBKHO(,CTHZ\FPBGZFPIHKZNPGJC.BGPZTN
MLFZCCZGL[NGOB[ND:"CHPQ[KMGNNMGGQCTNPR\NF[VKT,BHRYZBPT[FHGCIKR\’PXGGF’")FZC"[,PBPZK
"[NCKFSGNO","CTRKKQF[MZ[PYCNKO"(.GCTNFSGNOPEDK[:"MNF\GZFGFPXGG\NBRK\RGBNBNXZUCFOB\
K[ZBN,[VKZG[GNV\ICRGIG[FMZ\FZTFPGJCTCRGPNKEF,[CMNNG\GFGBPGDEZNRGCECZBFCFTXPK\[NRG,
GNCGBNKEKFJGCFRYKCNKCZ,FPGDEZC[O:BFC\HGN\G,[FGBFPTCZFKIKEGFPKGIEBNBFC\F[OK\CZL")CTN
FSGNO,PBPZ"FIKZG\"(.
NFZICF,TKKRG[GCCVZY"NFKG\MPGFCGZB"TP’81,GMQCBDZ\K"HGC"FYEP\VKIMO"PB\CTNFSGNO.
143 | ��ª���æ�ł���ł
GHF[BPZGH"NTNFM\GC:"CT\FBIK[RF.BOHMG,BIK[RF.GBONBG,CT\F".
VKZG[:BOHGMKOTNKEKEZLFB’,[FGBT"KYKGO\GZFGPXGG\,BHBRGPPFZKOB\
F\KYGQ[NRG,GBKQBRGXZKMKONKKSGZKQY[KOGPZKO,GBZKMG\FHPQ[KSVKYNYCNO,
[KIHKZGBG\RGNPGJCCTNMGZIRG.GBONBG,CT\F,EFKKRGZYCT\[FKKSGZKOKDPZG
B\F\KYGQ[NRG,G\DKTNRGT\F\KYGQCTNMGZIRG.~...|
KI(GBKQN[BGNMNN,TNPXC[BZCZKG\FTGNO,IGWPFBEO,P[GO[FBEOFGB
PZMHMNFCZKBF,MPG[RZBFNFNQCBG\N"J,GMN[BZFCZKG\,BKQNFQI[CGQGTZL
[NMNGONTXPQ,HGN\CBG\GF[KTGZ[FQPGTKNG\NBEO,NFCKBGN[NPG\G.GTNMQ
FRFTGNG\GKGZEG\TPG,CNK[GOI[CGQNTXPQ.~...|
KJ(GCGBGZBF,CT\[MNCRKFTGNO,KSMKPGVFBIE,NCJNGNCTZB\FZXGQNYCN
NTXPO[CFO,GNBKFKFNFO[GOZXGQ,BNBNF[VKTNICZKFO,BHFKGP\CJNKOMN
FEBDG\GMNFPHKYKOPFBZW,GMNBIEFKFCJGI,CIKKOCZKBKOG[NPKO,[FZKMN
BIEPB\RGFKFNGTGNODEGN,[KEBDCTEGGKPNBB\XZMKG.
BPRO,CHPQ[MNBIE,BKQNGBNBFZXGQNYCNNTXPG,PMBQMNFEBDG\FKKSGZKO
GFPNIPG\GF[IKJG\,[BKQNRGPVNJPFO.[FOPINK[KODGVKRG,CMNPKRKPING\
GPMBGCKO.GFRLPGXB,[MNBNGFKKSGZKOFPXGKKOCTGNPRG,BKROBNBDKNGKOPGXTKO
NTKRKRG,CMEKNEIGUBG\RGNCJNB\YNKV\FDGUFZTF,GNYCNXGZFF[NPF[NZXGQ
NF[VKT.GFGBB[ZBPZRG,[EZLFKKSGZKQCTXPG,PSGDNNFCKBRGBNXGZFFZXGKF.
GET,[FPXGG\[CKQBEONICZG,FQYGEPG\NPXGG\[CKQBEONPYGO,MKFF[VTF
NICZG,PCKB\FGNF[VKTNPYGO.~...|
ND(GT\FR[BZFNRGNCBZPF[BPZGIH"N,["MNFTGNPG\,FTNKGRKOG\I\GRKO,
NBRCZBG,BNBC[CKNFBEO".[NMBGZF\PGFPBGE:[C[CKNBEOFYJQ,[BKRG
BVKNGCTZL[TZFEYFMNVKFPXKBG\[NVRKRGCTGF"H,GPMN[MQMNVKFTGNPG\
FTNKGRKOFZGIRKKO,KJZIFCGZBK\’NCZGBMNBNGC[CKNG?GTGEKG\Z\PGF:NPFNG
NBEO,MNBNGFTGNPG\FZGIRKKOFBEKZKOFPZGCKO?
GXZKL[\ET,[MNRI\ZGI[NKGXZRGK\’,NKFRG\NRCZBKG,FKBCPKEF[FRCZBKO
KZDK[GBG\GK\’,[FGBFP[VKT,GFGBFPFRFBG\O.B[ZBH,K[NG[T[GTKODEGNKO
TPFO,MBC,FP[\T[TTOCRGFICKCNG,CFCPKEF,[FCQPZDK[GPMKZDEGN\G
GZGPPG\G[NBCKG,GBCKGPZBFNGMNFBGXZG\[FMKQC[CKNG.
MPG[BGPZFM\GC)KZPKFN"B(:"FCQKYKZNKBVZKO,BOKNE[T[GTKO,MKPEK
ECZKCG,HMGZBHMZRGTGE,TNMQFPGPTKNG,ZIOBZIPRGRBGOF’".
GFS\MNFKJCCM\GCFHF,G\GMNNF[MKNGNET\B\F[T[GTKOFDEGNKO[N
F[K"\,TOBG\OF[NPKO[HMGNFZDK[GGNFMKZDEGN\G,CMNBG\OFEZMKO[FMKQ
144|��ª��œÆ���æ����æ�ł���ł
CTEO,TE[KCGBTPFOCKIS[NBCGCRGFKYZ,MBCTOKNE[T[GTKO[NG,MMN
FPCGBZCM\GCNTKRKFP[MKNKO.
GBKQNFBZKLCMDGQHF.MKEKNRGNET\,B[ZC[CKNFRI\ZGIGF[T[GTKOFBNG,TO
F[NPKOFNNG,FKFMEBKNGNCZGBB\MNFTGNPG\,FTNKGRKOG\I\GRKOKIE,MPG
[K\CBZNVRKRG.~...|
NJ(GBIZ[R\CBZ[MNF\MNK\FRZXFNFCGZBK\’,PMNFCZKBFB[ZCZB,FKB
NKFRG\NRCZBKG,CMEK[KMKZGBPK\KG\GGDEGN\G,GKYCNGPPRGMNFJGCGFRGTO[FMKQ
CTEO,GC[KTGZFPCGBZCM\GC"FCQKYKZNKBVZKO,BOKNE[T[GTKO"=FRLPGXB
CCKZGZ,[F\MNK\FHGNB\IGN,NBTNFEGPPKOGFMEGZKOFDEGNKO,MPGFBZW
GFKZIGF[P[,GNGKFKGHGFZOGPKE\OMPF[KFKG,GNBTNPKQFXGPI,GNBTNPKQ
FIK,[FZKISZKOPFZD[HGN\O,BVKNGPCRKPKROFEGPKONFO.GBKLKIGNTNKFO
FFZD[FBNYKGFJC\G?
BNBZYPKQ"FBEO"CNCEG,BIZ[MCZK[CFOFFMRF[NFZD[HGN\GMNVKCRK
PKROFEGPKONFO.FRFBIZFTCGEFC\GZFGPXGG\,[PFVMKOFZXGQNYCN[NFO
NZXGQNF[VKT,GCBKOCF[GGB\FXGZFNKGXZO,[BHPYCNKOMNFPEZDG\[FGMRGNFO
CTGNPG\FTNKGRKO,FRYZBG\"RZRI"K"~RV[,ZGI,R[PF,IKF,KIKEF|,[CHFRT[GPGM[ZKO,
NYCNB\F\MNK\[CPI[C\FCZKBF.FZK[\MNK\MGGR\FCZKBF[NMNFTGNPG\,
NBFKK\FBNBC[CKNFBEO.
P(GKGETBRK,[BKQECZHFPYGCNMNNTNET\INYPQFVKNGSGVKO.GBKROKMGNKO
NFSMKO,B[ZBEO,F[VNGFBVSKCTKRKFO,KFKFFPZMH[NMNFCZKBFFDEGNF
GFRK[BF.BCNFOEGPKO,MBG\FF\GNT\[RGNEF\GLFXRGQ.GFKBKG[C\[O,
GIG[C\,[MNTGNPG[NFYC"FFGBMNMLPZ,GMNMLI[GL,GMNMLYJQ,MPKE\
FXRGQ[FKBRGNEFCG.
BCNCZDT[CYTFB\YNKV\FXRGQ,GIGJV\PCJPCIGWNXRGQ,FKB\PFFGBGPZ\:
"BRKI[C\K,[MNFTGNOFGBMPKE\FXRGQ[RGNE\KCG.GT\F,BRKZGBFNVRKTGNO
DEGN,RBGZ,BEKZGKVFNFVNKB!"
MQBG\O,FP[GYTKOCYNKV\FZXGQNYCN[NFO,[CFRGNEG,GNBRKSGNYCNF\CNKQ
FPKGIEKO[FO\GZFGPXGG\PT[KG\,FPSGDNG\NCYGTYNKVFY[FFHG,GNFVMF
NZXGQNF[VKTRI\ZGINKGXZG.GEBKFGB,[FOPGMZIKONFINKJ,TNBVSG\O
GZKYRG\O,MPG[FOCBP\.GNBKGMNGNFTNG\TNFET\,[MNFPXKBG\FDEGNFFHG,
NBRCZBFBNBC[CKNO.
BMQBOFKGTGSYKOC\GZFGPXGG\,NF[VKTRI\ZGINKGXZO,CMNFJFZFFRBG\F,
GKCGBGNCYGTYNKV\FZXGQNYCN[RGNEGCF,GKYCNGFZXGQNF[VKT,FNB\MUFKG
TKRKFORV\IG\,NZBG\GNF[KD,B\TXPOGB\MNFPEZDG\[NFIMPFGF\CGRF
145 | ��ª���æ�ł���ł
GFET\FCFKZF,FIPGEG\GFRTKPG\TENMNG\RV[,[FGMRGNFOCTGNPG\FZGIRKKO.
GBHFKGBGPZKOCTXPO,PF[BPZGIH"N:"BGZIJGC,PFFGBBGPZ=MNPF[JZI
CTNFCK\,NBJZI,BNBC[CKNK".
PB(GTEKKQR[BZNCBZ:SGUSGU,NPFNGNBEO,MNBNGTGNPG\FTNKGRKO,[CZB
K\’C[CKNG?GBKHFXGZLK[NGNBEOCFO?
GXZKL[\ET,[PXKBG\MNFTGNPG\RINY\NF’TGNPG\CEZLMNN,GRYZBKO:
B.BEOYEPGQ,
C.BXKNG\,
D.CZKBF,
E.KXKZF,
F.T[KF.
BPRO,CMNBIEPFO,K[VZJKOTEBKQYW.GFO,CIKR\F’FSVKZG\MI"C\G"P
~M\ZIMPFCKRF,\VBZ\GPNMG\|,MK:
TGNOBEOYEPGQ=FGBM\Z,
GTGNOFBXKNG\=FGBIMPF,
GTGNOFCZKBF=FGBCKRF,
GTGNOFKXKZF=FGB\VBZ\,
GTGNOFT[KF=FGBPNMG\.
GFBGZG\,FPNGC[KOCBNGF’TNPG\,RYZBKOKIRZ"R~KIKEF,IKF,R[PF,ZGI,RV[|:
[BGZFKIKEF=PBKZCTGNOBEOYEPGQ,
GBGZFIKF=CTGNOBXKNG\,
GBGZFR[PF=CTGNOFCZKBF,
GBGZFZGI=CTGNOFKXKZF,
GBGZFRV[=CTGNOT[KF.
GMNBNGFTGNPG\,GMNB[ZCFO,RMNNKOCF[OFYEG[K"FG"FGYGXG[NKGE,MK:
TGNOFB’,[FGBBEOYEPGQ,BKQNRG\VKSFCG,GTNMQPZGPHZYCYGXG[NKGE[N
F[O.GTNMQ,BKQBRGPECZKOPPRG.GBRGPHMKZKO\PKEZYE’TGNPG\BCK"T:
GFK’=FKBTGNOBXKNG\,
GF’=TGNOFCZKBF,
G’=TGNOFKXKZF,
F’\\BF~F’\I\GRF|=FKBTGNOT[KF.
146|��ª��œÆ���æ����æ�ł���ł
PC(GFRFR\CBZGF’TGNPG\,[FOMGNNKOMNFPXKBG\FZGIRK\,FRP[M\PB"S
C"FTETGF"H.BPRO,FOMNGNKOHFPHF.GK[CMNTGNOPFO,MNNG\F’FTGNPG\,
MR"NF’SVKZG\MI"C\G"P,[CFQPNGC[KOF’BGZG\RZRI"K,[FQMRDEF’
FTGNPG\,MR"N.
GPNCEF’FSVKZG\MI"C\G"P,[CMNTGNOGTGNO,K[DOE’CIKRG\,EXI"P~EGPO,
XGPI,IK,PECZ|ZGIRKKO,B[Z:
B.R[P\FBEO=FKBCIKR\PECZB[Z[O,
C.GCIKRG\FIK=FQFPNBMKO[CBG\GTGNO,
D.GCIKRG\FXGPI=RYZBG\C[ONCG[KO,
E.GCIKRG\FEGPO=RYZBG\C[OFKMNG\.
GRCIRG\MPNCK[G\HGB\HG.
MKCIKR\FPECZ,[FKBR[PG\CRKBEO=PNCK[G\TNF’SVKZG\,MI"C\G"P,[FQ
BNYKG\,[CBG\GTGNO.
GCIKRG\FIK,[FQFPNBMKO=PNCK[G\TNFR[PG\.
GFXGPI,[FOFNCG[KO=PNCK[KOTNFPNBMKO.
GCIKRG\FEGPO,[FQFKMNG\=PSCCG\TNMGNO.
GTRKKQFF\NC[G\FHG,P[GTZ\CTRKKQ[FOP[P[KOHFNHF,GP\V\IKOHFPHF,MTKQ
[CBZRGCEXI"PFD[PKKO[CTGF"H~...|[D’FCIKRG\,EGPOXGPIIK,NBKXBGC[CKN
TXPO,BNBZY[\GMNFCIKRFE’,NF\V\IGNF\TNG\TNKEKFQ,[FKBPKQFBEO.
GTNMQ,BKQ\VYKEQ,BNBN[P[B\FBEOGNFGTKNG.MQFGBCMNFTGNPG\FZGIRKKO,
B[ZFD’CIKRG\,EGPOXGPIGIKB[Z[O,NBKXBG[O,BNBMEKN[P[GNFGTKN,B\
CIKR\FPECZB[Z[O,[FKBR[P\FBEO.TNMQRCIQ,[MGNOPNCK[KOTNR[P\
FBEO.[VKZG[G,N\GTN\G.
PD(GFRFFBEOCT\[RGNE,K[NG\MUCIKR\RV[EYEG[F.GNBRV[PP[,BNB
CIKR\BIGZKKO[NFRV[,[VKZG[GCIKRFBIZGRF[NF,FPMGRFPVB\YJRG\F,
C[O"RYGEF".
GFKBPNGC[\CNCFBEO,MNGPZ,CCIKR\ZXGQNYCN[CG,FP\DNFCTKYZGCNCG
[NBEO.~...|
RF(GFRFR\CBZFKJC,PF[TPERGNTKNCBG\P"B,[[BNRG:NPFNGNBEO,MNBNG
FTGNPG\FTNKGRKO[CZBF[K"\C[CKNG?GBKHFXGZLK[NGNBEOCFO?
MKT\F\ZBF,[BKBV[ZMNNNBEO,NFDKTNT[KK\RI\ZGINKGXZG,HGN\TNKEK
SKGTO[NMNFTGNPG\FBNG.MKC[KTGZFJFZF[NFZXGQNYCN[CG,P[KDFBGZG\
147 | ��ª���æ�ł���ł
GFPEZDG\[NR[P\G,FRYZBKORZRI"K.GMNPEZDF[P[KD,FZKFBGZG\[NBG\G
PEZDF,PSKKTKONGCJFZ\G.GMQTGNFCPEZDG\KG,TE[HGMFNFDKTBNF[T[GTKO,[N
\MNK\FMGGRF[CPI[C\FCZKBF,MR"NCBG\N"D.
GHF[BPZGCHGFZ)RI,BG\S"D(TNFPBPZ"FCBNJFZPSKKTKQBG\G".G[GBN:
"CPFPSKKTKQBG\G?"GBGPZ[PSKKTKQBG\GC"R[P\BYEK[B".MKBKBV[ZNCGB
NJFZFFZXGKF,NPI[C\FCZKBF,HGN\T"KSKGTMNFPEZDG\RZRI"K[NFR[PF,
MPCGBZ.~...|
RH(GPMBQ\CKQB\FKC[G\GFI[MG\,[PXBGRGCEGZRGHF,[NBR[PTMPGFQ
CMNFEGZG\[YEPGNRG.[FGBP[GO,[BVKNGFTGCEKF’[PJGKEKFOPFTSY
CSGEG\F\GZF.
GMCZFP[KNFZPC"OH"NP[NBPK\KTNHF,GBPZ,[BO[GZF[NBNUBR[KO
SGPKOFGNMKOCEZL,GK[NFONVIG\VYIBIECZB[O,FZKFOCJGIKOMGNO,
[KNMGCEZLFK[Z,GNBKVNGCVIKOGPMPGZG\,NFKG\ORP[MKOBIZFVYI[CZB[O.
BCN,BOISZNFOBG\GFBIE,CNKSVY[KM[NGCMNECZFPGJNCEZL,GKVNGMGNO
NCGZ[I\.
MQFECZ[NVRKRG:
BOFKGNVIG\TGCEKF[K"\TGSYKOCVRKPKG\F\GZF,GFP[KMGBGZ[NOPB"SC"F,
FZKMNCRKFEGZFKGRP[MKOBIZKFO,GMGNOFKGCJGIKOCEZMO[NBKKM[NG.
GBODOTGCEKF[K"\SKNYGB\TXPOPIMPFHG,BKQVNB[MNFEGZRM[N,CDNNO.
GPDGENXTZK,NBBGMNNFBZKLCHF!
RI(BPROKET\KFSKCF,[FKBCTKYZP\GL:
B.[R\PTJFFBPGRF,CMNN.
C.GFBPGRFCYEG[KTNKGQIMPKFEGZG\,CVZJ.
D.GSVZKFYCNFGFHGFZ,PNBKOPP[NKOD[PKKO.
TNMQRVNFVIE,TNMNBIE,[NBKXB[MZGCFVSEG.MKI"G,YZGCNFKM[N
CVSNGEPG\.
GFKB[FTKZRK,NT[G\CKBGZPSVKY,TNM\CKFBZ"KH"N.GT\F=TNFHGFZFYEG[.
GFSZ\KFVIEFHFNDPZK.MKCKBZ\KGFGMI\KCTNKNB\FRP[NFZGIRK[NMNECZ,
[FGBPGV[JPMNEPKGQD[PK,NPTNFPFPYGOGNPTNFPFHPQ,MPG[KZBGFPTKKRKO.
NPTQ,NBV[ZNMNFPGQCK\K[ZBN,NNPGESVZFHGFZ,GNF\IPOCBGZGFYEG[.
148|��ª��œÆ���æ����æ�ł���ł
GYZB\KFCKBGZC[O"FSGNO",NFGZG\,[\VYKECKBGZKFGBC\VYKEMNSGNO:
[BOK[NLTNKKFPNBFMNJGC,BKRLISZBNB"SGNO"NTNG\CG.GBH,MNJGC
FTGNOCKEKL.
BPRO,BKQ"FSGNO"PJZFMNVKTXPG.MKBO\RGICPEZDG\FSGNOGNB\KMRSBN
FTNKKF,BHNB\G[NOMGGR\L.MQFECZCCKBGZ[NKTNFHGFZ.MKNCBZECZKFO,
FTPGYKOPMNTPGY,TESGVO,TGENBRCZBFCKJGKNHF.
BNB,T[K\KTNMNVRKOCCKBGZKHF,EZLGPCGBNMNCQBEO,[KGMNTNKEGNTNG\
GNFTPKYGNFS\MNCSVZFHGFZDGVG.MKZYBH,\G[NOMGGR\KCCKBGZKHF.
RJ(GFRF,MNFPXGKKOBXNSVZFHGFZFYEG[,MNGPZ,FPCKRKOPF[M\GCCG,
FSMKPGVFBIE,[SVZFHGFZFYEG[IKCZGF\RBFBNYKZCK[PTGQCQKGIBK.
IGWPFZIGYKOPIMPFHG,[K[PFOFPVYVYKOCKKIGSGHF,GRGJKONGPZ,TNSPL
PT[KG\CEGKG\PP\RDEKFIMPFFHG,[PICZGFGBFPYGCNZ’P[FEKNKBGQ,BG
BIZKOFSPGMKONGCHPQ.
S(GBRK,M[BRKNTXPK,FZKPKGO[HMK\KCBGZF[K"\,NF\CGRQPTJCSVZFYEG[
FHF,NBTNFTNNCKNIYGZCKKIGSG.GFGBPJTOV[GJ,MKNVK\GMRG[NFSVZ,TNF
CNCKPTN\KYZF\RBZ[C"K,NBKQTZLKG\Z,TNMNF\RBKOFYEG[KO.
GBOFKFP\CZZNK,CCKZGZDPGZ,[PICZGFGB[OBIZ,MDGQZ"PEKNKBGQH"N
GMEGPF,FZKBH,FKFDENBXNKPTN\FBK[Z"PEKNKBGQH"N,KG\ZPMNF\RBKO
FYEG[KO,GDOZ[C"KCMNNO.
BPROCBP\,NVKPKE\TGPYFIMPF[CSVZ,BOFKK\KPGXBCCKZGZ,[PICZGFGB
BIEPP"IFRCKBKO,FKFHFPYGCNTNNCKCKG\Z,PNKKISGNBIEPF\RBKO.GPMN[MQ,
BOFKK\KPGXB[P[FZCRGYKCNBG\GPFZSKRKPF[K"\TXPG,BHFKK\F[GMM\ET\K
NDPZK.MKNGRBFGNGKBFIKCGZMHF.
GNVKML,MKGGQ[HMK\KNTZGLCKBGZPSVKY,F[GGFNMNCTNTKGQ,NFCKQPTJPF
[M\GCCGCSVZ,BRKIG[C[MCZRVJZ\KCHFNDPZKPNJZGITGE,GNFMRKSTXPK
CIYKZFFHB\.MKMNP[MKNCHGFZ,NBKGMNNFS\VYTGE,[PICZGKGMNNFKG\BK[
VIG\CPTNF,PF\RBZ[C"KFYEG[.
SB(BMQ,NVKHFR[BN\F[BNF:NPFNBFKFRDNFSVZFHGFZNEGZG\FZB[GRKO,[CNKSVYFKGI[GCKOCPTNFKG\ZPEGZG\FBIZGRKO,GFKGZBGKKONGKG\Z?GKIE
TOHF,K[N[BGN:NPFNBRDNFCKBGZSVZFHGFZTEFBZ"KH"N,GNBNPYGCNKO
[YEPGNG?
GF\PKFFFTGNFTNMGNRF:NPFNBRDNGCKBGZECZKFBZ"KH"NGECZKFHGFZ,PKPK
FBZ"KH"NTEEGZRGHG?GR[BN\F[BNF:FBOFGM[ZFEGZ?
149 | ��ª���æ�ł���ł
GF\[GCFFKB,MKFTGNO,CP[LHPQYKGPG[N[\BBNVK[RK~[[\BNVKO[RF|,FGB
MPGVZXGUBIE,[K[NGD’[NK[KO=ZB[,\GL,GSGU,EFKKRG=IC"E,ID"\,RF"K
~IMPFCKRFET\,ISEDCGZF\VBZ\,RXIFGEKSGE|.GHF[BPZGH"N:"C’BNVKO\‘Fe,C’BNVKO
\GZF,GC’BNVKOKPG\FP[KI")SRFEZKQXH,T"B(.
MKCC’BNVKOFZB[GRKO,[FOCIKR\ZB[GIC"E,FKGFBGZG\PGTJKOPBGE.
GFKGRI[CKONCIKR\ZB[CNKDGU,[BKQCGBNBBGZG\ERV[.MKK[TZLFVGLCKQ
MNKONBGZG\:
MKCMNKO,FMNNFGB,[FMNKOFZB[GRKORDENKOCMNVZXGU,P\IKNF.
GCBGZG\FGBNFVL,[BGZG\F\I\GRKOP\NC[KOCVZXGU,P\IKNF.
GRPXB,MNTGE[BKQCMNKOZYFTNKGRKONCE,EFKKRGMNKOEIC"E,KGZEKO[O
NF\NC[ZYBGZG\ERV[,[FOFBGZG\F\I\GRKOCKG\Z.GH"[TNC’BNVKOZB[GRKO,
[FOCCIKR\\FG.
GCC’BNVKOF[RKKO[NFTGNO,[FOCIKR\ID"\EMNKO,KZEGR\NC[BGZFZGI
CTGNO,[FGBSGE\GZF.GTNMQBPZG,TNC’BNVKOFBPXTKO,[FO\GZF.
GC’BNVKOFBIZGRKO,FORFK"P~RXI,FGE,KSGE,PNMG\|EMNKO,GTNMQP\NC[CTGNO
CHPQFFGB,BGZER[PF,[FGBFBGZFKG\ZDEGN.GTNMQFOKPG\FP[KI.
DOFEZLFGBCMNVZXGUVZJK,[CMNKOEIC"EID"\,TEFIHF[NG,FBGZG\
PMGSKO.GBKROP\IKNKONFBKZ,ISEKOFPDGNKO,[VKZG[GF\DNG\FBZ\IMPF
TNKGRF,BNBPIHFGNPJF,EFKKRGCRFK"P[NG.
GFGBFSKCF,[PJZOF\IKNGNF\DNG\FMNKOERFK"P,CVZXGUFTGNO,[FOC’
BNVKOFBIZGRKO,FKK\FIMP\FHGFZCMNN,GIMP\FYCNFCVZJ,PMGSFPQFTGNO.
BNBCHPQFBZ"KH"N,[MCZR\YZCHPQF[NP\FMNKO[PIHFGNPJF,R\DN\FBH
FBZ\IMPFFTNKGRFCFKTNO,T"KR[P\FBNYKZ’KXIYNGZKBH"N,[FKFPGMQNYCN
FBGZFDEGNFHF.GTNMQDKNFFTKYZKO[CSVZFHGFZ,GDOIMP\FYCNF,TE[FTPKE
CXEMNFZB[GRKO[YEPGFG.
GTOMNHF,MKGGQ[FMNKOFBNGTGENBR[NPGNDPZK,[FGBRVJZCHPQF’BNVKO
[N"C,MRGET,TNMQNBFKFFTGNOTGEZBGK[K\DNGECZKG.GNBFKGECZKGFYEG[KO,
BNBYRKKQNKIKEKSDGNFPGTJKO,[NBRK\RFNFOFZ[G\NDNG\OCTGNO.
GMT\,CEGZRGHF,BIZ[MCZYZGCKOBRGNDPZC’BNVKOFBIZGRKO,NVKMLRK\RF
T\FFZ[G\NDNG\ECZKGH"N,GECZKFHGFZCTGNO,C[KTGZI[GCPBGE.CBGVQ,
[PEGZRGHFGBKNL,K\IKNGNF\DNG\ECZKFHGFZ,CMNVTOKG\ZGKG\Z,TE[K\DNFMN
F[KTGZF[NO,[CIVWF[K"\.
150|��ª��œÆ���æ����æ�ł���ł
SD(GNVKHF\CKQ,[CBP\BKQYW,N[KTGZPTN\O[NEGZG\FZB[GRKOTN
FBIZGRKO.MKHFFMNN,CMNFVZXGVKQ,[NFTGNPG\G[NFR[PG\,B[Z"MNFHLRCZZ
\IKNFBNFVZXGU".
GNVKML,RCZZG\IKNFFMNKOEIC"E,PFTGNOGMQPFR[PG\.GNVKMLFKGFR[PG\
[CC’BNVKOFZB[GRKO,DCGFG\NBKQYW.GTOMNHFNBKMNGNYCNYGP\BGZ[NO,
PVB\FIKSZGQ[NFINYKOFRPGMKO,PFTGNOGPFQTXPQ,[FOID"\RFK"P,MR"N.
GMQBI"M,CC’BNVKOFBPXTKO,[R\CZZGFMNKOEID"\BNFTGNOGMQPQFR[PG\,
FKGFR[PG\CBP\PCIKR\TXPQ,TGEH#jG\TEPBGE,MKMNKOEID"\PTN\OYZGCF
NIC"E~...|GTOMNHF,TGEFKGFBGZG\PMGSKOCTGNO,PJTOISZGQFMNKO,[PIHF
GNPJFPFTGNO,GMQPQFR[PG\.
GNVKML,CEGZRGHF,[FDO[PFG\FR[PG\FNNGFKBFDZGTF[CPXKBG\,MKTNMQ
NBKMNGNF\CZZNYEG[FTEFKGO,TOMNHF,FPFFP[NKPKOB\VZXGUFTGNO
GVZXGUMNNG\FR[PG\,PCIKR\FMNKO.GBKQFPNBMFR[NP\,BNBTNKEKFO.MKT\F,
C[MCZR[NPKOFMNKOERF"K,GK[T\FMNFMNKO,ZB[\GLGSGUCVZXGU,RP[MKO
T\FYGPG\[NPG\[NFBGZG\,CZB[\GLGSGU,NMNFMEBKONFO,EFKKRGRZ"Q~RV[,
ZGI,R[PF|[NPKO,MR"N.GNVKML,ZYTOF[\NPG\Q[NFR[PG\FRPGMG\FNNG,KMGNKO
FBGZG\FTNKGRKONF\DNG\,GNBPYGEONMQ.~...|
SG(GET,[CMNECZK[VRKPKG\GIKXGRKG\:
GCMNNG\FTGNO=RI[CKOK[ZBN,HZTBCZFOKXIYGKTYC,NVRKPKG\FTGNO,GT’
BGPG\,RI[CKONIKXGRKG\FTGNO.
GMQCK[ZBNTXPO=K[VRKPKG\,[FOTGCEKF[K"\F[NPKO,GMQK[IKXGRKG\,
[BKROP\PSZKONTCGE\F[K"\.
GMQCBGPG\FTGNOTXPO=K[VRKPKG\,[FOISKEKBGPG\FTGNO,GK[IKXGRKG\,
[FOFDSKOGFPHKYKO[CFOGMEGPF.
GMQCTGCEKF[K"\,[CCRKK[ZBN=K[VRKPKG\,[FOFHGMKONFCKQR[P\VRKPKG\
F\GZFGSGEG\KF,GIKXGRKG\,[FOBG\O[BKROTGSYKO,BNBCINYFPT[F[C\GZF.
GMQCMNBEOPK[ZBN=K[CGVRKPKG\,[FKBCIKR\"K[ZBN"[CG,[FGBSGE
FRYGEF[CNC,GIKXGRKG\,[FKBCIKR\"BGF"T"~BGPG\FTGNO|[CG,[FGBFDGUTXPG.
BNB,[BVKNGCIKR\"BGF"T"[CG,RI[CKOCGMPG"DZKO".MKNFKG\OECGYKOTN
FVRKPKG\,FOEGPKONDZKXEYPBGPG\FTGNO,[CBGGF\ECYGCMNNK[ZBN.
SH(GCFKG\FBEOPK[ZBN,PDCKZGPMCEB\CIKR\VRKPKG\G,[FKBCIKR\"K[ZBN"
[CG,TNIKXGRKG\G,[FKBCIKR\"BGF"T"[CG.EFKKRG,[RG\QZGCJZI\GGKDKT\G,
NFDEKNGNFTNG\CIKR\VRKPKG\[CG,N\GTN\RV[G,GJZIFPGTJ\,C[KTGZFPGMZI,
151 | ��ª���æ�ł���ł
FGBRG\QNYKGOCIKR\"BGF"T"[CG,EFKKRGNXGZMKFDGU.EFKKRG,MPG[RBPZ)BCG\,
V"B(:"T[F\GZ\LYCTGPNBM\LTZBK",FRFBH,DGZOCPT[KG,DOCVRKPKG\
GIKXGRKG\EMNNG\FTGNO,[CRKK[ZBNTGNKOC[NPG\OPTNFPTNF,GBGF"T,[FO
FIKXGRKG\[CMNNG\,KMKZGGKI[KCGB\TZLCRKK[ZBN.
GBOI"GNFVL,[FBEOFVZJKPK[ZBN,PDCKZGPI[KCB\CIKR\IKXGRKG\G,[FKB
CIKR\"BGF"T"[CG,TNCIKR\"K[ZBN"[CG,GMPG[RBPZ)ECZKO,M"I(:"FDZB[Z
CYZCL",EFKKRGFIKXGRKG\[CG,"KTNFTNKLPTNFPTNF","GB\F"CTXPL,EFKKRG
FVRKPKG\,[FKBCIKR\K[ZBN[CL,"\ZEPJFPJF",BHDGZOCPT[KG,[DO
FIKXGRKG\[CMNNG\FTGNO,[FOBGF"T,TGNKOPTNFPTNFGP\DCZKOTNK[ZBN,
GP[VKNKOBG\OTENTVZ.GCRKK[ZBN,[FOFVRKPKG\[CTGNO,KZEGPJFPJFI"G.
SI(GBN\\PFTNHF,[BEOVZJKKDZGOCPT[KGPTNFBGKZKEFNMNFTGNO.MKHFG
"IGYGNBKTCGZ",B[ZFMNNGFVZJ[GGKO,MC’JKVG\PKO.GMN[RGFDCMNNMGNG,RGFD
DOCVZJ.GBEZCF,FVZJKOTG[KOMNPF[CMNNMGNG.MKNBK\DNFFMNN,BNBNBIZ
DKNGKFVZJKO[CG,GNVKPKE\OGBKMG\O[NFVZJKO.GGEBK,[PT[FFVZJ,NVKTZMG,
PGZKEBGPTNFB\FMNNMGNG.
GCHFK\CBZNLPF[PGCBCHGFZ,[P\GLFTSYCSVZFHGFZGCIMP\FBP\,KHMG
NXB\P\GLFDNG\NDBGNF[NPF)\KYGRKO,SGU\YGQG’(.[NMBGZF,PFTRKKQNKPGE
FHGFZNDBGN\O[NK[ZBNPCKQFBGPG\?
SJ(GCFPCGBZPGCQFKJC,MKDOF\GZF,K[CFVRKPKG\GIKXGRKG\,MPGMNNG\
FTGNOMGNG.GNVKML,DOFTGSYC\GZF,K[NGBNGC’FPEZDG\.
GCFKG\GPDCKZJZI\GCVRKPKG\F\GZFGSGEG\KF=RPXBDGZOC[KTGZFHF,[PTN\
VRKPKG\FTGNO,[FOK[ZBN,\TNFPTNFPTNF,TNIKXGRKG\FTGNO,[FOBGF"T.
GMNFBGPG\,KGEGGKMKZG,C[CIO[NK[ZBNTNKFO.TE[KYGKOFM\GC)K[TKF,K"E(:
"GNYIGOTPKO,GFCKBGOBNPYGPO,GF\RINGOCK\K[ZBNTNBEP\F’".GMPGMQ
FM\GC)K[TKF,P"J(:"MFBPZF’BNYKO,FRFB[BBNDGKKOKEK,GBNTPKOBZKORSK,
GFCKBGCRKLCIGXQ,GCRG\KLTNM\U\R[BRF".
BCNBOI"GNFVL,[FBEOPK[ZBNP[VKNPTN\VRKPKG\F\GZFGSGEG\KF,FERF
CEZMKR[PG\KRGGPEZDG\KFQ,GMQCINYF[MNGJTPKPXGGF,MNVKPTN\IKXGRKG\
F\GZF,FERFCINYFPT[FCNCE.GBVKNGBOTGSYVTOCVRKPKG\F\GZF,FZKFG
PYXKCNF[TFPGTJ\PHPRG,C[TF[NBKGOGNBNKNF,MPG[FKK\FI"GECZ[BKQ
XGZLCG=FGBRPXBDGZOCHFNF[VKNGNFGZKEPJFPJFB\VRKPKG\FTGNO,[FO
CRKK[ZBN,GNFDCKZB\IKXGRKG\FTGNOTNKFO,[FOBGF"T.GK[VKNGGKCHGB\CRK
K[ZBN,GKI[KCGB\K[ZBNMPG[FKGECZPKG\ZCTGNO,GBKQNTGNOIVWCFOI"G.
152|��ª��œÆ���æ����æ�ł���ł
GNBTGE,BNBDGZPKOCHF[BVKNGFIKXGRKG\[CBGF"T,P\DCZ\TNVRKPKG\[NFQ
TXPQ.MKFDZGTKO[CBGF"T,[FOFPHKYKOGPIZKCKFTGNO,P\DCZKOGTGNKOPTNFTN
FVRKPKG\[NFO,[FOISKEKBGPF"T.GBHFOTG[KOMNFIGZCRG\GF[IKJG\
FBKGPKO,[CRKEGZRGFKGTEKZBKKFNFO,F[OK[PZRGPMBQGBKNL.
FZKNTKRKL,[DBGN\K[ZBNGMNPTN\K[ZBN,\NGKCNKPGEFHGFZGCVRKPKG\F\GZF.
GNFVL,MNFIGZCRG\GMNKZKE\O[NCRKK[ZBN,FOPIP\[THCGB\VRKPKG\F\GZF,
GF[VKNGPTN\FPJFPJF,GT[GBG\FMPG[FKK\FI"GECZ[BKQXGZLCGMNN.
T(GHF[BPZGC\KYGRKFHGFZ)\KYGQN’,R\KC\RKKRB(:
YGPGGF\TGZZG,C[CKNF[MKRFFYEG[F,[FZKK[NMQNCZKYQ,CNKCKRF,NET\
GNF[KDBG\F,BT"V[FKBC\GMMO.GSGEFECZ,YGNBGPZYZB,MDGQYZBRBFK[TGRL,
GBNPKPYEG[KO\VRF.GFKBBGPZ\,PFBYZB,MNFC[ZIXKZ,MGNOFPFMCFPG\
[BGMNKOIXKZ,GMNISEGMXKWF[EF,MNISE[TG[KO,NTXPOFOTG[KO.
"YGNBGPZYZB",[YGNEGVYCNCG,[NMNBIEGBIEPK[ZBN,NYZG\GNF\VNN,
NFZP\F[MKRFFYEG[F,[FKBMNNG\R[PG\[NMNK[ZBN.
BCNF[MKRFBGPZ\"PFBYZB",MNGPZ,BKQCKMGINFZKOB\TXPKPTVZ.C[CKN
"[MNC[ZIXKZ",MGNOFPFMCFPG\,BGMNKT[CGIXKZ,MNGPZ,[TG[KOFPXGG\CNK
ET\,MPGCFPG\.
"GMNISEGMXKWF[EF",MNFISEKO[TG[KO,NTXPOFOTG[KO,MNGPZ[BKQ
MGGR\OCPXGG\[TG[KO,[\FKKRFCMEKNF[VKTRI\ZGINKGXZO,BNBZYN\GTN\
TXPOFOTG[KOFPXGG\.GBVKNGFJGCKO[CFO,[PSZGHPROTNTSYF\GZF,NBT[G
HF,BNBN\GTN\DGVOTXPO,CNKMGGRFFZXGKFCMEKNF[VKTRI\ZGINKGXZO.
CT\FFKB,RBPZTNFEGZ,ZGIFGNLGNBK[GC,NFTGNO.EFKKRGZGIFP[KI,FXZKL
NDBGNB\K[ZBNPMNXZG\KFO,TENDBGNFF[NPF,NYKKOFM\GC"GPNBFFBZWETF
B\F’",FZGIFHFRS\NYNGGFNL,GBKRGPBKZCTGNO.
BGKNFONBG\OBR[KO,FDGZPKO[ZGIG[NP[KIKS\NYGKNLNGPFTGNO,GNBKGMN
N[GCNTGNO,[FPFFOFTG[KOB\F\GZFNKC[F,MNGPZCNKP[FGNINGIK\[N
[MNGET\.MKPXJPXPKOZYCINYFPT[K[NF\GZF,GBKROZGXKONF[\ENGNFCKQ
CIMP\FYCNF,NKETGNF[MKNCSGEG\F\GZFGJTPKPXGGF.
BGKNFO,[FODGZPKOCPT[KFOFNNG,[KFKGTRKG\GIZCGIPSGCKHFGFZKDG\
GF[PEG\CTGNO.
TB(GJTOECZKFOFGB,MPG[CKBZRG,[CFKG\MNTGSYKF\GZF,PHNHNKOCVRKPKG\
[NFO,GCVRKPKG\F\GZF,GPRKIKOBG\FMPGECZ[BKQXGZLCGCTGNO,GKTSYGCF
ZYC[TF[NBKGOGNBNKNF,GFPFCFMTKGGZKOPD[[KOYKZ=[CHFFPFPDCKZKO
153 | ��ª���æ�ł���ł
B\IKXGRKG\OTXPO,EFKKRG\GTN\DGVO,GMQIKXGRKG\F\GZFFPFPI[KCKOTN
VRKPKG\F\GZF.
GBHFPFDGZPKOCPT[KFOFNNG,[MNCIKRG\FIKXGRKG\[K[RQCTGNO,PDCKZG\B\
TXPQTNMNINYKFVRKPKG\[CTGNO.MNBI\NVKPFG\F:
B.MKFIKXGRKG\[CMNNK[ZBN,EFKKRG"TPKFBZXG\"[CFO,P\DCZ\GPCJN\B\
FVRKPKG\[CMNNK[ZBN,[FODEGNKF\GZF.
C.GMQFIKXGRKG\[CBGPG\FTGNO,[FOCTNKFIGZCQ[CFO,P\DCZ\GPCJN\B\
FVRKPKG\[CFO,[FOISKEKBGPG\FTGNO.
D.GMQIKXGRKG\MNFTGNO,[FOBGF"T,P\DCZ\GPCJN\B\CRKK[ZBN,[FO
VRKPKG\FTGNO.
GCEGZMHF,MNCTNKFIGZCQ[CBGPG\FTGNO,PZKPKOZB[,GZGXKOCTKYZNF[PKE
GNFZGDB\CRKK[ZBN,EFKKRGMPG[BPZGH"N)KCPG\S"D(:"BKQVGZTRG\CBFNTGNO,
BNBC[CKNK[ZBN".EFKKRG,MPG[M\GCC\KYGRKOFR"N,[FODGZPKOTRKG\GIZCG[GE
GFZKDG\GF[PEG\,CTGNOMGNG.
GBIZ[CTGGRG\RGFZCKO,RT[KRGTEKZBKKFNMNFBPGZC\KYGRKOFR"N.GNBTGE,
BNB[PKE\FEKQVDTFEGGYBCFJGCKO[CRG,MPG[BPZGH"N)C"YS’(:"GBKRF
P\IN\,BNBPQFXEKYKO\IKNF".GPMNFVBZ,[FKFNMNNK[ZBN,CBZXG\VGNKQ
GNKJBGMG’,NBR[BZNRG,BNBF[ZKEKO[CBZXRGFYEG[F.
FRFPT\FPGJNZYTNKRG,[BZK\FVNKJF,N\YQB\FPTGG\FIPGZFHF.GMNBIE
GBIEPB\RG,[ZKEKFVNKJF:KYCNTNTXPG,CMNRV[GGPBGEG,NFDCKZPMBQGBKNL
B\VRKPKG\F\GZF,GNK\QNFB\PYGPFFZBGK,MI[KCG\FTNPTN\IKXGRKG\F\GZF.
GBHKHMFMNBIEGBIEPB\RG,NFDCKZPTN\VRKPKG\GTXPG,EFKKRGCIKR\"K[ZBN"[CG,[FKBXGZMKFRV[,TNCIKR\IKXGRKG\GTXPG,[FKBCIKR\"BGF"T"[CG,[FKB
XGZMKFDGU.
GKDKTMGIFHFDOTNMNNK[ZBNMGNG,TE["TPKFBZXG\"[CRG,KMKZGGKETGB\
F[CIGFPTNF[NDEGNKK[ZBNTNKFO,GK[PTGNFOGKXKK\GNFO.
GMQVRKPKG\BGF"T,[FOISKEKBGPG\FTGNO,K\DCZGGKMRKTGB\FIKXGRKG\[NFO,
[FOCTNKFIGZCQ.
GMQVRKPKG\FTGNO,[FOK[ZBN,K\DCZGCMN[CIOGPTN\O,TNIKXGRKG\FTGNO,
[FOFBGPG\.
GBH,MNBGF"TKMKZGGKGEGCPTN\K[ZBNTNKFO.
154|��ª��œÆ���æ����æ�ł���ł
GKYKKPGFM\GC)K[TKF,K"E(:"GNYIGOTPKO,GFCKBGOBNPYGPO,GF\RINGOCK\
K[ZBNTNBEP\F’".GMQ)K[TKF,P"J(:"GFCKBGCRKLCIGXQ,GCRG\KLTNM\U
\R[BRF".GHF[M\GCCHGFZ)R[B,EUYMET"C(GHFN[GRG:CIKCGZFHF[NL,[FGB
SVZFHGFZ,KXBGCGPQFDNG\,CZIPKO".EFKKRG,MPCGBZ.BPQMQKFKZXGQ.
�Æ���æ�ł��ł
�Ł�Ø Æ�łØ
B(FKG\,[TGPYFIMPF[CSVZFHGFZFYEG[,SDGZGPSGDZCBNUPV\IG\,G[V\RG
FBRG[K\,ENFCKG\ZPNFPXKBNRGCKJGKRBPQGPSVKYMEKNVZ[ECZBIE[CSVZFHF
TESGVG.GFCKBGZ[T[K\K,BKRGBNBSGNO,NTHGZNFPTKKQNTNG\NDGCFO[NFECZKO.
GNFS\MNGNTKKQCECZKFSVZTXPG.NMQ,PXB\KNRIGWNFMKQB\FPTKKQ,GNK\QNGEZLGPCGB,CDEZKORBPRKO,BKLNFDG\GNF[MKNCFSVZ.
C(CZB[GRFXZKL[\ET,[MNFPEGCZCSVZFHGFZ,GBVKNGCECZKBDEF[CG,FGBTZMKO[NT[ZSVKZG\,FRYZBG\MI"CID"\RFK"P~M\ZIMPFCKRF,ISEDCGZF\VBZ\,RXI
FGEKSGEPNMG\|,GXKZGVKTZMKFQ.CEGPFNM"CFBG\KG\[C[VFFPEGCZ\,[XKZGVKFQ
PSVKYKONRGNDNG\MNIVWGMNIMPF.MQFTZMKOGXKZGVKTZMKO[CT[ZSVKZG\,
PSVKYKONDNG\MNFIMPF[CSVZF[PKO.
BMQ,K[CHFD’DEZKO,[XZKMKONFKHFZCFOPBGE,[NBNXB\IGWPFO,CT\FTKGQ
CECZKFSVZ.GP\IKNFBXKTBG\OCYKXGZ,GBI"MBCBZBG\OCFZICF.
D(DEZB’.MKK[E’BGVRKOCEZMKFF[MNF,FPMGRKO:
B.IGPZ,
C.XGZF[CIGPZ,
D.XGZFPGV[J\,
E.PFG\.
GMQFGBCFT[ZSVKZG\,MPG[BCBZNFNQ.G\ET[CPFG\,GMQCXGZFPGV[J\
[CT[ZSVKZG\,BKQNHGFZTSYMNN.BNBZYCIGPZ[CFQ.BGCXGZF[CFQ,CTGEF
PNGC[\CIGPZ.
E(DEZC’.CFKG\,[MNNG\MNFPXKBG\FBNYK\,CY[ZTOCZKB\FR[PG\GEZMK
YKGPQ,RCIR\NRGCD’FCIRG\,[FQ:
155 | �Æ��æ�ł���ł
B.BKQ=SGUCZGLFGB,
C.TGNOFBXKNG\,
D.D’FTGNPG\,FRYZBKOCZKBFKXKZFT[KF~CK"T|.
\ET,[BKQFHGFZTGSY,BNBCD’FTGNPG\CK"T.GMQCB"SC"FGTGNOFBXKNG\,
C[KTGZ[CK"TPYCNKOPFO.BCNCB"SC"FGTGNOFBXKNG\,CCIKR\OM[FONTXPO,
BKQFHGFZTGSYCFOMNN.
F(DEZD’.FKG\,[K[CMNTGNOGTGNOPCK"T,D’CIKRG\:
B.FT[ZSVKZG\,[FQFBNYKG\,FPBKZG\CBG\GTGNO,
C.R[PG\,ZGIG\,GRV[G\CRKBEO,
D.K\ZFPXKBG\[CG,FPMGRKOPNBMKO,NCG[KO,GFKMNG\,[NVZJKFOBKQPSVZ.
\[MKN:[BT"V[FHGFZPZIKCCKBGZMNFVZJKO[CMNTGNO,PMNPYGOXZKL
[\ET,[TKYZECZKFHGFZ,PZGMHKO\PKEZYNCIKR\R[PG\CRKBEO[CBG\GTGNO.
GPF[PECZGPCBZ[BZFCIKRG\,BKRGBNBMEKNET\F[KTGZ[FR[PG\PYCNG\PFQ.
GPF[BKRGRGDTNYCN\FR[PG\,BKQFHGFZPECZCFO,BVKNGPKNFBI\.NVKML,B\F
XZKLNF[MKN,CMNECZFPGCBCSVZFHGFZ,ZYCPF[RGDTNYCN\FR[PF.~...|
KB(GK[NF[MKNMBQ,BNGE’BGVRKFPG[MNG\,FPGCBKONTKNCDEZFB’,[FO:
B.IGPZ,
C.XGZFPNGC[\CIGPZ,
D.XGZFPGV[J\,
E.PFG\.
BNB,[BCBZBG\OPYGEO,CECZKOFPGI[KO[CTGF"H.NP[N,M[B\FBGPZ:"BK[
DKCGZ,BGBK[BPK\K,BG[YZQ"GMEGPF,FZKNVRKL:
B.FIGPZ[NG,EFKKRGDGVG,
C.XGZFPNGC[\CIGPZ[NG,EFKKRGDKCGZBGBPK\KBG[YZQ,
D.XGZFPGV[J\.MNGPZ,MK\GMNNFV[KJFXGZF[NDKCGZ,GBPK\K,G[YZQ,PTN
IGPZFBK[,GNF[MKND’XGZG\FNNGM[FQNTXPQ,CN\KPNGC[G\C[GOIGPZGDGU.
EFKKRG,NF[MKNFPKEG\[NDCGZF,GBP\,G[YZ,GNFCIKQCFQPTNFBGDRG\,C[TF
[FQPGV[JG\PMNIGPZ.
E.PFG\G[NFBK[.
156|��ª��œÆ���æ����æ�ł���ł
KC(G\ET,[BGVQFE’,[FGBPFG\FBK[,M[FGBNTXPG,CNKFIGPZ,BKQNRG\VKSF
CGMNN.MKF’FIG[KO,GFEPKGQ[NRG,NBKXKTGNRGBNBDKNGKVTGNG\[NFPFG\,GNB
MNGOCTXOFPFG\.MKNP[N:
IG[FZBKKF,PXKTNRGZYXNNKOPQFPFG\FRZBK\,CTZLF\Z[PG\OPGNFBGZ.
GIG[F[PKTF,FGBZYMGIFMBF[NBKHFPFG\CBGGKZ.GBGGKZFREIFPMGIG,PMF
TNF\GU[CBGHRKRG,GBRG[GPTKO[K[BKHFPFG\CYZC\RG.
GIG[FZKI,FGBZYBGGKZKGXBPFPFG\GPMFTNTXCKFZKI[NRG,GBRGPZKIKO.
GMQFJTO,FGBZY\GNEFPRDKT\BKHFPFG\CTXCKFJTO[NRG.
FZK,[MNE’FIG[KOFBNG,BKROPXKTKONRG,ZYDKNGKO[NFVTGNG\FPSGCCG\
PBKHGPFG\,GNBMNGOPQPFG\TXPF.
GBVKNGIG[FPK[G[,[FGBFIHYPFIG[KO,FPCEKNCKQIONYZ,GCKQPGXYNZL,
FZKMNBNGBKROBNBDKNGKVTGNG\[C\GLFPFG\,GFPFZYPYZKO[NFPFG\.MK
FIOBV[ZNYZZG,GFYZBV[ZNIPPG,GFPGXYBV[ZNFVGLCPNBM\FMKPKFNRGHNKO,
GFRGHNKONBGGKZKO,EFKKRGZYDHKO,[MCZVYTNDPZKPPRGMNF&CI+QPF’FIG[KO,GTO
MNHF,TGEFPFG\YKKP\CG.[FZK,B\FKMGN[GCNFVGLB\FBGGKZKONRGHNKO,
GFRGHNKONPGXY.
FZKCTNKNNTKRKL,[F’FIG[KONBKDNGNRG[GOPFG\,BNBZYPYZKOGDKNGK
VTGNG\PQFPFG\.GRGET,[MNPF[BKRGCBBNKRGCPGI[,BKRGCBDOCEPKGQ[NRG.
GPF[NBKCGBCEPKGQ,NBKCGBNTGNOCPI[CF.GBKQNRGEZL,BKLNF[MKNBG\G.
FZK,[BKQNPI[CF\VKSFMNNCPFG\.GNBTGE,BNBBVKNGPFG\RGTXPRG,NBRGET
NRGPFFKB.MKBRKPZDK[GKGET,[BRK\GVSPYGOCTGNO,GBRKPGXY,GBRKIO,GBRK
IG[C,GMEGPFPDKNGKVTGNG\PFG\K.BCNBO\[BNRK,PFPFG\KTXPK,[MNBNG
FDKNGKORP[MKOPPRG,BKRKKGETPFNF[KCNL.FZK,[FF[DIFPRTFPPRGF[D\MN
PFG\,GBRGP[KDKOZYDKNGKOGEKPGKO[NVTGNG\,FP\DNG\PFPFG\KO.
KD(GBGVQFB’,[FGBFIGPZ,EFKKRGBNGFDKNGKO[NVTGNG\,FP\DNG\PMNPFG\.
K[NRGCG\VKSF[NPF,MKFOPSCKZKONRGCFSVYFDPGZF,B\FPFG\,F[GMR\
CIGPZ.CBGVQ,[BKQBRGSGCNKOMNGO,PIGSZF[DFCFPFG\M[FKBNTXPF,GFKBNB
ISZFNRG,MPG[NB\ISZNRGBXCT[K[K\NKERG.GF[D\FIGPZ,EFKKRGDKNGKVTGNG\
[NFPFG\,EKFGPSVY\NRGNMNXZMKRGGF[MNG\KRG.FQNF[D\K[G\RGTXPRG,GFQ
NF[D\MNFK[G\[PIGWNRG.
KE(BGVQFC’,[FKBXGZFFPNGC[\CIGPZ.FKBDOMQF[DFPCGZZ\GPSVKYF
NDPZK.MKBRGP[MKNKOBG\F,P\GLRKSKGRG\PP[KKOPT[KKO,[BRGPGXBKOBG\O
157 | �Æ��æ�ł���ł
CF\RFDG\MNIGPZ.GPCIKRFHG,CBFNRGMNF[MN\RGFDCGFF,[BV[ZNSPGL
TNKFNGGEBG\.
JG(BGVQFD’,[FGBXGZFPGV[J\.EFKKRG,BIZ[FXGZFR\DN\FNRGVTO,CTGEF
P\NC[\CBKHFIGPZ,K[MGICEPKGQ[NRGNFV[KJBG\FNDPZKPQFIGPZ,GNF[MKN
BG\FCPGV[JPMNIGPZ.MPGFPTNG\GFPKEG\FJGCG\,FCBG\CSVZKFPGSZ.[BRG
PECZKOPPKEG\BP\,G[YZ,GMTS,GDCGZF,GMEGPF,M[FQPGV[JG\PMNIGPZ.GBRG
PKKISKONFQPTNG\BGDRG\,BVKNGC[TF[FQPGV[JG\.
G\ET,[BGVQFD’FHF,BKRGPYGCNTNET\FP[MKNKOFHFKZKO.P[GO[BKBV[Z
NSPGLTNKGCPBFBIGHKO.MKCFKG\OR[VJKOCPGV[JPFIGPZ,FOTNGNKO
NJTG\CFO.
NP[N,CTNFPGSZFBKEKBNK~...|PZGCTSYGCPTN\FBP\M[FKBCXGZ\F
FPGV[J\PFIGPZ,FRFBVKNGCT\[KXKNBKHFBR[KOPPK\FTNKEKF[YZ[KBPZ
NFO,KGMNNFINKJCTXPG,[BVKNGMNFTGNOKNLNBCEGQ,FGBNBKVNKJECZ[YZ
CMGGRFPVKG.GBKQHFET\\GZF,[FZK"BKQNLECZ,[TGPECVRKVKYGIRV["
)KGPB,V"C(.
BMQ,BOFKFP[MKNFXGZG\BP\G[YZMCT\[FQP\NC[G\CIGPZ,BHFKFPGCRO,
ZYCTZLPGTKNBGPHKYNFIGPZ.MNGPZ,MKBIZRKSKGRG\PZGCKO[FTGNOR\RSFCFO,
GZBGZGCFIGZCRG\GFRHYKO[BR[K[YZDZPGCECZK[]YZO,GB\ZGCF\GTN\KG\
[BR[KBP\FCKBGC[PKZ\OB\TXPONGPZZYECZKBP\,CBGNKEKFSMPFB[ZBKQ
PTNFKG\ZI[GCFPPKE\FBP\,GBKQDRG\MPKE\F[YZ.GBOFBKEKBNKSJFKFPCKQ
B\HF,BHFKFGEBKPSMKONET\\GZF,GFKFPGXB,[ECZF[YZ,NFXKNBVKNGBEO
BIEPPK\F,FGBNBKQTZLKG\ZI[GC,PMNDGENFG[]CIF[NPKE\FBP\FPGV[J\.
FZK,[BKQMNNGEBG\,CBG\OFPG[MNG\PBGVQFD’,[FQXGZG\PGV[JG\.GBKQXZKL
NGPZ,CXGZG\PGV[JG\,[TGENBR\NC[GCBKHFIGPZPTGNO,[F[MNG\MDGQBNG,FQ
ZYBKCGEHPQCNCE.
JH(GBIZ[R\CBZNLFKJCBNGE’FBGVRKO:IGPZ,XGZFCIGPZ,XGZFPGV[J\,GPFG\,CECZKOFPGI[KKO.
[R\CBZ:
[BGVQFE’,[FGBFPFG\,BKQNRG\VKSFCFMNTKYZ,
GBGVQFD’,FGBPG[MN,FTNGNNJTG\,
GZYFBGVQFB’,[FGBFIGPZ,GBGVQFC’[FGBXGZFPNGC[\CIGPZ,FOCNCE
RK\RGNRGNF[DFCZGZFGPSVY\,PXEFF[DIFFTNKGRF.
158|��ª��œÆ���æ����æ�ł���ł
FZK\GMNNFCKQCTHZ\O,DOCPXKBG\FTXPKOFZGIRKKO,EFKKRGCTGNPG\FTNKGRKO
BCK"T.MKBKQNLVZJYJQCFO,[NBKFKFRINY,TNVKE’BGVRKOFNNG.
MKBO\KYINP[NBKHFVZJCTGNOFCZKBF,FZKK[[OMNKO,[FODGGQFBEGO,
[BGZFCZKBFTGCZTNKEGNCRKFCZKBF,MR"N.GFRFFMNK[CCZKBF[FGBXCT
FBEGO,FGBCIKR\IGPZ,BGTXO,EFKKRGBGVQFB’.GBT"V[FGBZYXCT,[TRKKRG
PYZFGDKNGKVTGNF[CTXO,PMNPYGOMCZBPZRG,[BKQNRGF[DFCPFG\TXPG,
BNBZYCDKNGKVTGNFPFPFG\.GB\FDKNGKVTGNFFHF,BRGPMRKOC[OTXO,BG
IGPZ,BGDGU,BGMNK,MR"NCBG\K"D.GBGZBNYK,FP\NC[GTGCZEZLFDGGQBEGO,
FGBFXGZFFPNGC[\CFTXO,EFKKRGBGVQFC’.MKTNMQRZBFFBGZTXPG,CCIKR\
BGZBEGO,[KGZFTNF\NC[G\GGFBZ\G,EZLFTXO,[FGBCIKR\FDGUGFIGPZ
MR"N,EFKKRGFDGGQBEGO.
GBOBPRO,\ZXFNFV[KJFBGZFBNYKPFTXO,[FGBFDGGQBEGO,GNEGQCGM[FGB
NTXPG,CNKF\NC[G\CTXO,FZKHFMCZ[KKLNBGVQFD’,EFKKRGXGZFPGV[J\
PIGPZ,FTNGNFNYCNJTGKG\,MR"N.GNVKML,FGBBKSGZIPGZCF[MN\FTGNPG\
FTNKGRKO.G[GOPYGCNBPK\KNBKTSGYCHF,GPMN[MQCTNKFHGFZ.GBKQXZKLNGPZ,
C"PFG\"[NFVZJECZKBF,[FZKBKQNRG\VKSFCFMNTKYZ,BVKNGCPFG\[N
TXPKOFD[PKO,PMN[MQCTXPKOFZGIRKO.
FZK,[K[NVRKLE’BGVRKO:
B.FMNKECZKBF,[FGBSGEDGGQBEGO,FRCIQNTXOBGIGPZ[NFCZKBF.
C.F\NC[G\BGZBNYKCFMNKECZKBF,[FGBXGZFCTXO.
D.BGZFBNYK,M[FGBNTXPG,CPGV[JPFTXOECZKBF.
E.PFG\[NFVZJ.
GFRFR\CBZFKJC,DEZFB’:[PC’FBGVRKOD’GE’,BKQPFOBVKNGPKNFBI\CMN
FHGFZ,BNBZYPPGCQFB’GFC’CNCE.
KH(GKIETOHF,K\CBZDEZFC’.GET,[MPG[CKBZRGE’FBGVRKOCVZJB’,CTGNO
FCZKBFCNCE,MQFOCEZLMNN,CMNNG\E’TGNPG\BCK"T,B[Z:
D’DGGRKO,BEGOKZGY[IGZ,[CD’TGNPG\CK"T,FOCIKR\FIGPZ,BGFTXO.
GDGGQNCQ,[FGBCIKR\TGNOFBXKNG\,FGBFXGZFFP\NC[\CFIGPZ,EFKKRGCD’
DGGRKO,FRYZBKOCK"T.
GCIKR\B"S,M[FGBNTXPG,FGBSGEFPFG\.
GFGB[BPZRGCDEZFB’,[CCIKR\FPFG\,BKQNRG\VKSF,[FGBBGVQFE’,FRTNO
CMNFTXPKO,GBVKNGCFTXPKO[CTGF"H)MR"NCBG\K"C(.
159 | �Æ��æ�ł���ł
GCIKR\DGGQNCQ,M[FGBNTXPG,CN\KPNGC[CD’DGGRKQ[CCK"T,EFKKRGBGZFIMPF,
M[BKRGP\NC[CCKRF\VBZ\GPNMG\,FZKFKBXGZFPGV[J\PIGPZ,[BKQNRGTSY
CG.GBKQFHGFZPECZPBGVQFHFGNBMNGO,BNB:
PBGVQFB’,[FGBD’DGGRKCK"T,FRI[CKONIGPZ,[FOD’FSVKZG\CKRF\VBZ\
GPNMG\.
GMQPBGVQFC’,[FOFBZ\BXKNG\,FPNGC[CD’DGGRKCK"T,EFKKRGBGZFIMPF,
FP\NC[CCKRFG\VBZ\GPNMG\,[FOCIKR\XGZF,CT\[PNGC[\CFIGPZ.
PC’FNNGTGSYSVZFHGFZCMNFPYGPG\.
GNVKML,BOFPTKKQNBKHFZ,NFDEKZPI[C\GGFCR\G,NF[MKNECZKFHGFZ,CMN
PYGO,ZYCDEZO[NC’FBGVRKOFRHMZKO,PKEK\CNCNNGMNFTRKKQ,MKKGXKB
FECZKOPP[PTG\O.~...|
KJ(GT\FRCBZDEZFD’:[BT"V[FHGFZTGSYCMNTGNOGTGNO,PCIKR\FSVKZG\,
[FQFBNYKG\FPBKZFCBG\GTGNO,GMQPMNVZJKEXI"P,[FOFRCZBKO[CBG\G
TGNO,PMNPYGOTKYZMGGR\FHGFZ,YGNT\ZYBNCIKR\FPECZ[CBG\GTGNO.
GBP[KNNLPFGKG\[CTGF"H.MKR\CBZNTKN)CFYEPFNSVZFHGFZ,BG\P"C(,B[Z
E’FPKRKO,EGPOXGPIIKPECZ,[CMNTGNOGTGNO,GBVKNGCTGF"H,FOE’INYKFZXGQ
NYCN.GCMNBIEPFO,K[CTZMGTXPG,BNGFE’PKRKEXI"P.
G\PXB,[FBEOCTGF"H,XZKLNFHKQGNF\DENPMNE’CIKRG\EXI"P[CTGF"H.MKDO
PHGRG\KG[NFBEO,K[CGBNGE’CIKRG\,FRP[MKOPE’CIKRG\EXI"P[CDGVG[N
BEO,[FO:
B.ZGXFNYCNNVKPKE\YKGPGFFMZIK,CMEKNF\YKKO,
C.ZGXFC\GSV\KG\ZPPKE\YKGPGFFMZIK,G[GBUNPG\ZG\,BNB[PXJPXO
C\BGG\CFPKG\CNCE,
D.[GBUN\BGG\BRG[KG\,MDGQMCGEGPP[NF,
E.[GBUNPG[MNG\.
GFORP[MKONGCE’INYKFZXGQNYCN[CG:
B.ZGXFCYKGPGFFMZIK,FGBCIKR\FEGPO[NFZXGQNYCN,
C.ZGXFC\BGG\FCFPK\,FGBCIKR\XGPI[NFZXGQNYCN,MKBKROCBKOBNB
NFDEKNGNTRDB\FMNK[NG,[FGBC[ZFDGU,
D.ZGXFC\BGG\BRG[KG\,FGBCIKR\FIK[CZXGQNYCN,MKFPFPDEKNKOZGIG,
E.ZGXFCPG[MNG\,FGBCIKR\FPECZ[NFZXGQNYCN.
160|��ª��œÆ���æ����æ�ł���ł
M(G\PXB:
[CIKRFB’,[FKBPKE\YKGPGFFMZIK,
GCIKRFC’,[FKBPKE\\BGG\FCFPKG\FK\ZG\TNPKE\YKGPG,FGBPYCNGRKHGQ
PECZKOFRPGMKOPPRG,[FOEGPOGXGPIGIK.
BCNCIKRFD’,[FKB\BGG\BRG[KG\,MDGQPP[NFGMCGE,FGBPYCNGRKHGQPCRKPKRG
F[GGKOBNKG.
GCIKRFE’[NFPHGRG\,[FKBFPG[MNG\,FGBPYCNGRKHGQPCIKRFTNKGRFPPKRG,
EFKKRGPTXOFIMPFGF[MN,[FOZGIRKKO.
MB(GMPGFG,\[MKNCTZMKO[NFTGNPG\FTNKGRKOFZGIRKKO.MKFTGNPG\
RI\PKOHGPHG,PPTNFNPJF.GMNCIKRG\EXI"P[CTGNOFCZKBF,PRKIKOIG\PO
CTGNOFKXKZF.GPEXI"PFKXKZF,RI\PKOEXI"PET[KF.GPEXI"PET[KF,
RI\PKOEXI"P[CTGF"H.
GR\CBZNTKNCFYEPF~NSVZFHGFZ|BG\P"C:
B.[FEGPPKO[CTGNPG\FZGIRKKO,PMGRKOC[O"FKMNG\",
C.GFXGPI,PMGRF[OC[O"NCG[KO",
D.GFIK,C[O"PNBMKO",
E.GFPECZ,FGBCIKR\"R[PG\"[NFBEO[CBG\GTGNO,
F.GFT[ZSVKZG\[CMNTGNO,FOFBNYKG\.T["F.
GR[PG\FBEOFQFPZMH[CMNTGNO.GFGBRKHGQPMNFPXKBG\FZGIRK[CBG\GTGNO,
MEZLFPECZFD[PK,FRKHGQPMNFPXKBG\FD[PK[CTGF"H.CBGVQ:
[CIKRFB’,[FGBFZXGQNYCNB\YKGPGFFMZIK,FGBPYCNPFBZ\FKMNG\
GFNCG[KOB[Z[O,
GCIKRFC’,[FGBPG\ZG\CFPKG\,FPDEKNKOB\DGVG,FGBPYCNPCIKR\FPNBMKO
B[Z[O,[FQFBZG\ZGIRKG\,PKG\ZG\TNPKE\YKGPG,MEKNFDEKNB\FMNKO
FZGIRKKO[R[P\GP\NC[\CFO.
FZK[CIKRFB’GCIKRFC’,PYCNFGBPCIKRG\RPGMG\FKPRG,[FOFFKMNG\
FNCG[KOGFPNBMKOB[Z[O,[FORPGMKOPR[PG\CRKBEO.
GCIKRFD’,[FKB\BGG\BRG[KG\,[FQPDEKNG\B\ZGIG[NFBEO,FPYCNCTGF"H
PCRKPKRG.
RPXB,PYCN[ODOMQPCRKPKRG,EFKKRGPMNFR[PG\FRPXBG\CBG\GFTGNO,[TN
KEKFQPDEKNFBZ\FZGI[NR[P\G.
161 | �Æ��æ�ł���ł
GCIKRFE’[NFZXGQ,EFKKRGNPG[MNG\,FGBPYCN[OPFSVKZG\[CBG\GTGNO,
[PFQPYCNCIKR\IC"ENR[P\G.
FZK,[R[P\FBEO,[RPXB\CMNTGNOGTGNO,XZKMFNF\DENGNF[\NOPMN
FCIKRG\FRPXBG\CTGNOFFGB.GFGBFDEZFD’[BPZRG,[XZKMKONKET[MNECZK
FHGFZ,CMNVZJGVZJPFTGNPG\FTNKGRKO[TGSYKOCFO,FQPSVKZG\,FQPR[PG\,
FQPPNBMKO,FQPNCG[KO,FQPFKMNG\,BT"V[TGSYKOCFOM[FONTXPO,PMN
PYGO,PIGKCFPTKKQNF[MKN,[FORBPZKOCTKYZMNVKF[KTGZ,[CIKR\R[P\FBEO
B[Z[O,PYCN\PFOGRKHGRFPFO.CBGVQ,[MNECZKFOPZGMHKOCXZMKF[NFR[PF.
GBO\[MKNFMNTNVKYGFHF,BH\CKQG\XNKIB\EZMKL.~...|
MD(XZKMKONFCKQB\F[OB"SC"F,MPDGEZNRGCDEZFD’:[MNFPEGCZCSVZ
FHGFZ,FGBPZGMHCEKGYCKISMNVKFR[PG\)MR"NCBG\M"B(.CBGVQ,[F[OB"S
C"F,BKRGMNNNCIKR\PIGKCFPXKBG\,M[FGBNTXPG,BNBPCIKR\PF[MN
FTGNPG\GMNFR[PG\MNGNKOCGK\’,CSGEPI[C\FCZKBF,CCIKR\"SGUPT[F
CPI[CF\IKNF",[FGBFY[Z[MNFCZKBFCMNNF,TEDPZF\KYGQ,PYG[Z\CGK\’
C[OB"SC"F.
GFGB,PF[BRGPMRKONTKNCFYEPF~NSVZFHGFZ|BG\K"D,C[OPXCFB’[N
FR[PG\.NFKG\,[MNFR[PG\K[NFQPXKBG\CGK\’,M[FQPNBG\CMNFTGRDGFZGL,
CDGCFFSGVK,B[ZKYCNGCVGTNCDPZF\KYGQ.
ME(GBP[GNNLP[N,PFGKG\TGF"H.NP[N,BEOFZGXFNCRG\CK\RBF:
FRF,CPI[CFZB[GRF,FGBZGBFNVRKGCK\PFGEZCMNIEZKGGVZJKGGMG’,MPG
[KFKFCDPZCRKKRG.
GBIZHF,FGBPI[C\MRK\FFGXBFNVGTNNMNVZJKF,[FGBKVZJBG\OBN
FVGTNKO,MNVZJCT\GGHPRG,PTXKOGBCRKOGCZHNGMEGPF.
GBIZHF,FGBP\IKNCRKKQFCK\,CVGTNTEFDPZG,MPG[FKFPSGEZNVRKG
CPI[CFZB[GRF.
G\ET,[CIKR\B"SC"F,FGBSGEPI[CFZB[GRFFR"N,[FKK\FMCZPXGKZ\NVRKG,
MNFCZKBFC[NPG\FFSGVK\.
BNB,[BKQFP[NEGPFNDPZKNRP[N:MKBXNGK\’,FT\KEGFFGGF[GGKO,GFPI[CF
DGPZ\CGK\’,GBKRGXZKLNMNKPT[FMPGRG.GNVKML,FGBCGK\’PXKBG\PP[K\.
GCIKR\TGNOBXKNG\,FGBSGEMPGF\MRK\FPI[C\K\CVZJKF,PF[KGXZLBI"M
NDNG\CT\[K\IKNGNCRG\FCK\CVGTN.
162|��ª��œÆ���æ����æ�ł���ł
G\[MKN,B[ZC’BNF,[FQFPI[CFFZB[GRF[FGBB"SC"F,GMQF\MRK\
FPI[C\K\[NVZJKFFGXBFNVGTNCHPRG,BKQTGE[OBVKNGP[FGPQFP[FG,
PCIKR\FRCZBKO.[FZKTEKKQFGBCMGI,GNBCVGTNPP[K.
MPGBXNFBEO,BT"V[IG[CCMNFVZJKO,PTXKOGBCRKOGCZHN,B[ZKGXZL
NT[G\CHPQFFGXBFNVGTN,TGEBKQCGBNBIGPZPI[C\KTXPG\K.GBKQCGPTXKO
GBCRKOPP[KKO,BVKNGP[FGPP[FG.GMNFFVZ[FGB,B[ZBXNFBEO,BKQ\MRK\
FPI[C\K\RI[C\NPXKBG\PP[K\.BCNCPI[CFFBNYKG\,FGBPXKBG\PP[K\,
NBKQTZLKG\ZGKG\ZPPXKBG\FRCZBKOFPP[KKOTXPO.
GFRFR\CBZ,SGEB"SC"F,GSGETGNOFBXKNG\.[MNFPEGCZCFO,FGBZY
CY[ZTOCZKB\FRCZBKO,BNBCTGE[FOCMGI,GTGENBRDNGTXPG\OBVKNG
P[FG.MTKQ[FP[NRGCBEO,FIG[C\MRK\FFGXBFNVGTN,[BKQCGPTXKOGBCRKO
GCZHNBVKNGP[FG.
MF(GD’FTGNPG\CK"TGTGF"H,FOCIKR\FFGXBFPMGIBNFVGTN.MTKQFBEO
FCGRFCK\GCVGTNPP[,GPCKBFTXKOFBCRKOGFVGTNKO,TEDPZCRKKQFCK\.~...|
MG(CBGVQ,[BKQNLMNVZJYJQFPIGE[CTGF"H,[NBKFKFRP[LPB"SC"F,
PCIKR\PXCFB’[NFR[PG\.GPB"SC"FRP[LBNTGNOFBXKNG\,EFKKRGNKIS
FVZJKF[KKLNECZ,FPIGE[CTGF"HCVGTN.
GPTGNOFBXKNG\,RP[LFIKEG[ND’FTGNPG\CK"T,[[OP\DNFFIKEG[CVGTN
PP[.GKGXB[OPCIKR\BNYKG\NCIKR\RCZB.
GNKXKZF,GNT[KF.TE[RP[LN\I\GQ,FRPXBCTGF"H.
GFCQHFFKJC,G\P[KNMNECZNRGFDCCRKKQFCK\BXNBEOD[PK.GBH\CKQFKJC.
GR\CBZ,[BKQNL[GOIKEG[[K\FGFCTGNO,[NBKFKFRP[LP[GZ[GFMNNK[CB"S
C"F.GP[GZ[GFVZJKCBXKNG\.GBI"MTGCZEZLCK"T,GPYCNCIKR\RCZB.GBI"M
FGBP\FGGFCTGF"H.G\[MKNHFFKJC.~...|
NB(P\GL[PI[C\FCZKBFFKK\FNKFRG\NRCZBKG,PMBQBRGNPEKO[K[NGZXGQ
NF[VKT.GP\GL[BRGPGXBKOCTGF"H,[FP[VKTP\DENCYGZ\ZGIGCT\[P\ZCKO
FPYCNKOPPRG,GFGBP\BGGFNZKCGKFPYCNKO,FRFPCIKRFHGBRGBGPZKO,[FPGIKQ
P\DENKOCBXKNG\,CT\[F\I\GRKOHGMKONYCNF[VT\FBXKNG\,BG[PVZRSKO
BG\G.GMQNFVL,CT\[BKQF\I\GRKOMEBKONYCN[VTG,RPXBKOFPGIKQC[KTGZFHF,
MPG[P\PTJKO.MNGPZ,[BKQPK[KYCNPFO.
NC(G\EPFHFBNRZ:[CKQBO\ENKYPPRGBNUBNVKZCKZCCG\RZG\,BGNB\ENKY
PPRGMNGO,NB\PXBPIP\HF[GO[KRGKCBVSPF,CRZTXPG.
163 | �Æ��æ�ł���ł
BG,MPGBEOFZB[GQ:CKQBOKXBGPPRGZCKZCCG\CRKOMPGRGFKGO,GCKQBONB
FKFPGNKEMNN,NBFKFVGTNHFTNBEOFZB[GQTXPG,[GO[KRGKP[FG.
MQTGNOFBXKNG\,M[FGBNTXPG,BKQCGI"G[GO[KRGKP[FG,CKQBOF\I\GRKO
PYCNKOFKPRG[VTGC[VTDEGN,GCKQ[BKROPYCNKOMNGOFKPRG.GMNFDENG\
FBPGZF,ZGCX\ZYTNF\I\GRKOCNCE.
ND(BPRONVKHF,N[OPFFKFNFONCTNKFHGFZ,N\BZB\MNF[KRGKKOFBNF
CTGNOFBXKNG\TXPG?FKFNFONGPZCPVGZ[,ZYMNVKFPYCNKO[CCK"T,GNB
NFZCG\ECZKOMNMLCBXKNG\,[RXJZLN\ZWTNKFO\KZGXKO?
BMQ,K[CHFSGERPZWPBGEGPBGE.GFGBSGE"GCKEFRCKBKOBEPF")FG[TK"C(.MK
CBP\,K[CHFIVWBNYK,[BNGFEKPGKO,FP\VTNKOZYCR[PG\FPYCNKO,K\ZBGBN
FR[PG\,MPG[FGBK\’TXPGP[\\UTPFO,MEKNFDEKNCKG\ZB\F[D\FR[PG\.
CEGPFNBC,FPXJPXO,NFZBG\NCRGKYKZGFYJQ,CVRKO[NXTZGCVRKO[NRI\,
BT"V[BKQCGNBPQFXTZGNBPQFRI\MNGO,BNBTG[FHB\,ZYNFVTKNB\CRG
FICKC,GNFZIKCFCR\G,CMEKNF[\T[TTPG.GZYBIZ[KDEN,K[MKNGKET,[MNPF
[T[FBCKG,NBFKFCG[GOPP[KG\KG\Z,BNBZYCMEKNF[\T[TTPG.
MQFGBCTRKKQB[ZNVRKRG:BT"V[MNBNGFEKPGKOGF[KRGKO,P\IKNKOZY
CF\VTNG\FR[PG\,GCFOFOPS\KKPKO,PMNPYGOCIVWBNYKP\EPFNFO,MBNGFO
RZBKOCGK\’TXPG.GTG[FK\’GK\’HF,CMEKNFZIKCGNFDEKNB\F[D\Q[NFR[PG\
CPKEFFDEG[FCKG\Z,[FGBCMNNPI[C\FCZKBF,CMEKNKFRG\NRCZBKG.
NE(GBN\\PFTNHF,MKMPRFDFHF\PXBDOMQCF[D\RGFD[PK\.MKNP[NIG[
FZBKKF[NRG,[BRGZGBKONVRKRG,TGNODEGNTRYKGMNPNGBGFRFEZ.FZKCBP\,BKQ
BRGZGBKOMNHF,BNBZYCVRKPKG\RGTXPF.MNGPZ,CPGIFBIGZK[NRG,K[[PFMTKQ
PMGRFVGJGDZVK\,FPXKKZ\NRG[PFMNFRZBFNRG,GNBMNGOPIGWNRG.
GTNMNHFT[FK\’NRG[OCPGIRG,MTKQZBKPNGJ[,FPFVLNRGMNECZFRZBF[O
[RZBFBG\GPIGWNPGIRG,PGNVRKRG.GBUTNVKMQ,PF[BRGZGBKOPIGWNRGBKRG
TRKKQBPK\K,PMNPYGOMPFK[NRGNFGEG\NF[DI\GK\’GK\’,[T[FCPGIRGB\FZBK
FPNGJ[FHF,NBV[ZNRGNZBG\GNF[KDMNECZPIGWBNKRG.MKCHFR\QCRGMGI,
NF[MKNMNECZCET\GCF[DFCZGZF,NPEGEMNECZ,PCVRKOGPCIGWGMEGPF.GNGNB
HF,FKK\FRTEZ\NRGPZCK\F[MN\RG.
MQFECZCIVWBNYK,CPG[MNG\FBNYKG\,BT"V[MNBNGF[KRGKORT[KOCVRKPKG\
FR[PG\FPYCNG\,PMNPYGOFQZGBG\B\FMNCP[VKTTXPG.MKZYCEZLFHF,FQ
HGMG\NYCNMNFPG[MNG\GMNFRGTO[CPI[C\FCZKBF.
164|��ª��œÆ���æ����æ�ł���ł
GMPGMQ\[VGJPFP[NFR"N:BT"V[CVGTNBRGZGBKOFMNPPGNVRKRG,PMNPYGO,
MNCTN[MNKGETCCKZGZ,[MNFRZBFNRGBKRGBNBCVRKPKG\PGIRGCNCE.
MQFR[PG\,BT"V[MNFEKPGKOFQZGBG\CP[VKT,PMNPYGO,BKQNFQSVYP[FG,
[MNBNGFOZYCVRKPKG\QTXPQ,GNBMNGOCP[VKT.GEGYCECZKO,MKBKQCMGIK
NFZIKCOKG\Z.~...|
P(GYZBTXPGC[PG\:"BN","BNYKO","[EK","XCBG\","BFK"F".CMEK[KMKZG
BG\GK\’,CMNPKEFGPKEF[CG.MKT[ZF[PG\[C\GZF[BKRORPIYKO,FGBSGET[Z
FSVKZG\,MPG[M\GCCHGFZGKYZB,BG\YS"I:
B.SVKZ\FM\ZRYZB\BFK’,
C.SVKZ\FIMPFRYZB\KF’,
D.SVKZ\FCKRFRYZB\FGK"FCRKYGEBNYKO,
E.SVKZ\FISERYZB\BN,
F.SVKZ\FDCGZFRYZB\BNYKO,
G.SVKZ\\VBZ\RYZB\FGK"F,
H.C’FSVKZG\,RXIGFGE,RYZBG\XCBG\,
I.SVKZ\FKSGERYZB\BNIK,
J.SVKZ\FPNMG\RYZB\BER"K.
PB([BONBFKFP\V[JBGZGK\’TNMNFCZKG\,TNKEK[R\NC[MCKMGNCBNG
FSVKZG\FYEG[G\,BKLFKGFCZKG\HGMG\NFMKZBG\GK\’,GBKLFKFPYGKOFM\GC
"PN‘BMNFBZWMCGEG"?
VKZG[,[CHFP\ZWB\FIVWFBNYK,NFZBG\BNFR[PG\MPG[CGTXPGFKF,BNG
F[KRGKO[CFSVKZG\.[FGB,CMEKNK\QPYGONFR[PG\,NFMZFGF[DFPSVY\CGK\’.
MKBHKYGKOFM\GC:"PNBMNFBZWMCGEG".
165 | �Æ��æ�ł���ł
"Æ����ł�,º��øØøÆ�����Ø���ÆøÆØ��ª,�º�
�œ�ØØÆøÆØ��,�øºœ�Æ,�ØØ�ł’���Ø�œ�ª,Æø���,
º��ø��ª �,ø��ø���œº��º��º�.�º��ø����
�ø��Ł,º� º��Æ�ª")��łœ�łØ�(.
łØ���łø,øº������œ��Ø� Ø�œ�œ� غ���غ��Æ��ª,
�º�º���Ø��œ ���œÆ�����œ�Ø ł�ÆøÆØ��ª.
Æ��æ��,"�ª���œØ���º�œ�Æ�",��œ�
ł�øØœØÆ�œ��Ø��łØ�Ø�Ø
B"SC"F=BKQ=SGUCZGLFGB
BCK"T=BXKNG\,CZKBF,KXKZF,T[KF
BGF"T=BGPG\FTGNO
CK"T=CZKBF,KXKZF,T[KF
D"Z=D’ZB[GRG\
EXI"P=EGPO,XGPI,IK,PECZ
F[K"\=F’K\CZL
G"Y=G’YXGG\
I"G=ISG[NGO
IC"E=IMPF,CKRF,ET\
ID"\=ISE,DCGZF,\VBZ\
K\’=K\CZL
MI"C\G"P=M\ZIMPFCKRF,\VBZ\GPNMG\
MP"[=MPG[M\GC,MPG[RBPZ
RF"K=RXI,FGE,KSGE
RFK"P=RXI,FGE,KSGE,PNMG\
RZRI"K=RV[,ZGI,R[PF,IKF,KIKEF
TGF"H=TGNOFHF
166|
�3
"��ł��"���łØ Æ�łØ
œ�º�� ØØ ØBCZFO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169
BFCF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172
BFC\ICZKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175
BGZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177
BG\KG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178
DCZKOGR[KO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180
DNG\GDBGNF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185
FJCT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190
HKGGD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193
JGCGZT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196
KPG\FP[KI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .198
KXKB\PXZKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203
KXZFZTGKXZFJGC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206
KZBF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209
KZG[NKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210
K[ZBNGFTPKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212
PJZ\FIKKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218
R[PG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221
TNKG\GKZKEG\CEZL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224
TRKKOGT[KZKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227
TZCZC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228
XEKYKOGZ[TKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232
YGBPXTK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234
ZCK[PTGQCZKGIBK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240
ZXGQ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243
[NGO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244
[PIF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246
\GZF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247
\GZF=NKPGECNKNF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252
\KYGQ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255
\VKNF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260
\GMQTRKKRKOPVGZJNPBPZK"HGFZNTO"PGVKTCSGUFRSVI)TP’263(
�Æł
F\TGZZG\G\[GYFVZ[\NLNL
º�(ºØ�øł����Æ"��œ��œłłœø��œ�œø��ø�,�ت�����Ø
��ł�,�C��E.�ªœ�œ��Œ,�œ���œ��Œ.
łº�(�Ø�Øł���ł�?���Æł� ,ø������œłłœ����Æ"�,������ł�.ºØºøł���œ�ø�øØ��ÆÆ�ł��ª��ł�,�������œłłœ,ø����Æ"�.��ł��ø�ø,�����ŒøÆł��œØ.ƪ���ø�øº��Ø .�łÆł��øø���ø�ø��Æ����Øł�,��ł���Æ��,��ª�Ø�ø�Ł�ƪ�øƪº��œ�Ø ,���ø�ø,ø�łØ�ø�ø��øŒ���Ø��Æ��
�Ø���Øł.ƪ����Æ��º��œ���Ø��.łºª(ÆÆ�łł��ø��Æ����ºœ��
�øº�,��Øł�ª���ł�,��ł,ƪ�Ø,øØø��Œø�ØŁ�º���,ø���Ø��œ .ºØ�øł����Æ"��ø�ø��Æł� ��Ø,��������تØÆł�.øºœÆ,�ª�Ø�ł��e�ł��.�ª�����Æ"�,ø�ł��œ,ªØÆł�,�����Ø.
GKKYIBCZOB\[ZKVZ[\NLNL
��(ØØ���Æł �œø�¨łØ�øœ,ø��øغ�ÆªÆłØ ŁÆØ .ºØ�Ø�łøœ��ª ���Ø��øœ��ºœ��łı��łÆ�Øł���.º�ºœÆ,���œ��ł�,���œ��ØØ .�ø ��,ØØ���Æł ,��øغ�ÆªÆłØ ,�ªØ�œ�,º��łØ � ªłºØÆ�Ø�ªł.�º�ºœÆ,ØØ���Æł �œøłØ�øœ.
�Ł(�œ�ŁÆ���Ø.��ł���Æł� ,��ªÆØ��œ�Ł��Ø?�ø ø���Æł���ªø,øªªœØª���œ���.
�œ���ø�øłøÆ�ł�,��� �łØ �Øłœ,øœØ���œ���øœø�� .�Æł� �Ø���ØØł�œ���øØ ,øł��ØØœ���ØØłœ�œ��øØ .�º�����Ø� �ºœÆ,º�Ø�ø�œ .
BCZFOG[ZFPJFZKOB\CRKFTGNOVZ[\GKZB
��(�Æł� øł��Ø�œ��Ø ŁÆØ���º��ª ,�����øØ �Ø���øØ .�Ł ø�Æł� æ��Ł�łÆ�Ø�ª ,�ø ø��Ł�ł��ł�Ł�ł,øºœÆ,�ØØØœ�Ł�ł�Ł������ª,øŁ�ł���Æł� ,øØ��
�œł�øŁ��.��(�º�æ��Æł� ÆŁÆØ��ºªØ
�œ���œ��ªł��ø��Æł� .�ª�ł�œ�Ø ,�æªØ ,�ø ���œ�Ø��Ł�łÆ�Ø�� Æ�Ø .
169 | Æł��
CBZ[CTHGFZIE[,\GNEG\
º�(�Æł� �ł��œÆ�ł��Ø ��Ø�,���ºœ,Æ�łøÆ...
�(�Æł� ºł��œ�Æ�ł��.ø��
ØØæª�œ�,�ø ø�Ø�ª�œº�Æ�Ø�� ,øØƪ���Æ"�.ºØ�øºł��œ�,��Ø���Ø �ØØ ø�Ø� ��æ�Ø �� .
DNDGNG[NBEOFZB[GQVZ[\CFZ
æŁ(�Ł�ø��ª ,øÆł�,Ø��’���Ø .�Ø�����ƪ��ł�.�łºØÆ,�ÆØ�Æ����,ÆŁØ�œ�łø�œł�,øÆłœ�,�ºØæ,�œ��Æ"�,Æł��ø�ƪ��ł�,ºØœł��Ø�ƪƪ��ł�.Ø���ŁØ�œ�ł,�Æł� ,ø�Ø������ª �ł�ø�.
��ł�Æł� ÆœøÆ�,øÆł���Øƪ��ł�,º�����œ,øø�Æ��Ø� .��œØ����ø�Ł��ª œł�,øÆł��Ł�,Æ�ØØ��łøÆ��,Æ�ØØ����Ø�œø�ª �ł �تØ�Ł�,���ØŒ�œ��Æ"�øºØ�œ�º��� .
P\RG\NCRKFVKND[KOVZ[\IKK[ZF
łæÆ(�Æ�Ø��Ø��øØ �øł��Æł� ,�œ��Æł� �œ�œ.���œ�œ?�����Ø�Ø�ªł�œœ�œ�œø���ªø�Æ�œØ�œ��œ,ø��ø�œø��Ø�Øł��Ł���.�œ� �� ,ºªØ��ø�Ø ��ªł�œ.º��ł,øØŁ�ł�œ Øø�Ø��œ��ªł�œø���ªø�.Ø����œ���º� Æ������Ø��,ø�Ø�ÆØ��.
łæ�(Æ�Ø��Ø��øØ ,Æ�Ø�Łł�.��ł�œ�Ø��øØ �ø ø�ØØœ��Ø��ø�Łł ø�łød.�Ø��øœ�,ø��ł����.Ø�ø�� ��Ø���Æ�,ºªØø��Øø�Ł
���Ø���.ƪ��Ø,ƪø�Ø��Æł� �Ø�ØØ Æ� ,ƺªØø��ØłØÆ���łºŒ.ƺªØøØ���Øœœ��Æ�ªªØ���ø���Ø�,��œ�Æł�º� .º� �º����Ø.�ª���,���łı�ª .ºØø � �Ø�غø�Ø ø��Ł���.
łæª(ºœÆ,złÆ�º�œø�����º�œº�Æ�Ø�ª .��� ,ø�Ø�Æ�Ø��Ø��øØ ø��Æł� .��ł,ºØÆ���łłØ�ª ,����Ø �œ ����ªØ ºØø��Æ�Ø�ª .��œ��łı�ª ,Ø���Æ�,Æł,Æ� Æ�,º���ºø�Ø .
SVZKFIMPF[NCRKYEOVZ[\GKZB
(��łłÆØ�Æ�,Ø ��ª��øœØØł��œ��œ�ø�Ø�Æ�Ø�ª .��ł�Ø��œ��º��ø�ØØªØ �Ø�Ø�ª ,���æ�łØ��º��ø�� ,��Øø�Øæ�ł��ª...
�(��łœØ�� :Æ�ØØ,�ªÆłØ øÆæ�ł�łÆØ �ªÆłØœł�,�Æ�Øø�º ��œł���æ�łØ ��,ºªØø��ØŁ�ƺ ����ƪœ�º�����ªªØ ø��łº��,��Ø
170|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
�æø� œæł���łÆªœ��Æ"�.Ł(ºØº�æ�łØ ����œØ Æ�Ø�ª .
�ø øÆ�Ø�ª �º�Ø �ØØłøœ��º����Øłø��Æł� ø�œ��Æ�Ø��Ø��øØ ,øºœÆ�Æ�Ø��Ø��øØ �øł��Æł� �œ��Æł� �œ�œ.���łºŒ��øºÆ�º����º���ªªØ .
�(�Æ��łØ������ø�Ø�Æ�Ø�º�,øºœÆ,ØØœ��Æł� �œº��øł��Ø���.�������ªøø������ø�œªÆ�Æ�Æł� ,��ł������ª���Ø��Ø�Æ.ºœÆÆ,����’�Ø�Æ�Ø.ºœÆ,�œ�Ø�ÆƪØ.
BNF\GNEG\F[PKOGFBZWaF]CZBOVZ[\NLNL
łº�(ºœÆ,ªÆł�ª���ت�Ø�øłØ .º�ªÆłØ��Æ"���œ.ø��Ø�øłØ ,ºØº�øłÆł����Ø �œ�� ,���Ø��� �ª,����Ø��œ�ŁŁ�º���º��.��ł��Æ"����� ,���Œø�œ��œ�ŁŁ?��ł�,łØÆ�ø�� ,�Ø�Øغ���ª,ºØ�Ø�ÆØØæªø�Ø��ª.
łº�(��ł���Æ"�,�łØ��؜ت���تƜºŒ�ªØ���ª,�Æł� ,ø��Ø��Æ�œØ.�ت�ª�� ��Ø�.
ºœÆ,���œ�ªœ�ø�Ø ��łıa��ał�� .��œ�ł�a��ał�� ,���Æ�Æł� ,ºØÆ�Æł� �œ�ØØ �� .
łº�(�� �øØÆ���Æ"�,�œ�Æł� ,œØªøØ�����Æ�Ø ,øØ�łØÆ�œÆØœ���ªø,Øøł��œł�.��ł���Æ"�,�ª ��ªœØª���œ���,Ø�Æ,Ø�����Ø"ÆøÆŁØ º� �ªØ�Ø .�ت�œ�ØØ �� ÆøÆØ�.
SVZFKXKZFHGFZIE[,K\ZG
øŁ(ª�Ø,øæ�łø��ª �ł�ø��Ø��Ø�Æ,æ�ł��Œ,æ�łØ�Øł�ø��Æł� �ÆØ�.�Øł,ø�溜ƪ��ł�ø��Æł� �ÆØ��ØÆ��łÆ��œ�ł�Ø .
�º����æ�łØ ��ªØ�Æ�ÆØ�,�Øøœ ØøÆ���Ø ,�º��łÆ�.�ØØ�Ø�Øø�Ø�Æ,ºØ��Øø��ª �ł�ø�.
BCZFO,[ZF,KXIYGZCYFVZ[\NLNL
�(��Æ"�ł���º����Ø��Æ�Æł� Ø���.�Æł� ���ø����ø��,�ł��Ø�.�ø���øł�.�Ł����ø,Æœ��ø�æ���.ł���ªø��Ø���.��ø��ªø��łÆ��.Ø�ł�ł��ł��Æ���.�Ø��łø���Æ�º�œ,�Øتł�Æ�Ø��ª ����Ø�����,ł��Æ����Øłªœ�Ø�
��Ł���łı.��ø�Æ��Øœ��Ø��ø��ª�Ø�ł�ł.
�(�ø����ø��Æ����ª �æ�Øłœ��º��,ÆØł���º��.��ø��Æ����ª ÆÆØ��.º�øºœÆ,��Øł�œ�’�Ø��º��.�º��Ø��ø����ø��Æ��,����تØØł���º��.�Æ���ø��Æ����ª �تØ
171 | Æł��
œøÆ�,���ł�œÆØ��,��ł�œøł�.ł���ø��ł���,��ł�ªœ,����øŒ��ª ���ÆØł��Æœł�.�ł�� ��ł�œł�øƺœÆ.��ø�øº�Øœ,��øŒ�����øØ ŁÆØ .�ø����ø���ł"�)��ø,ł�,�ø��(��øºØ ��Æ"ª)�º��,ÆØ��,ªœ(:
��ø����ø��,�Æł� ,��øŒ�æ�Øłœ��º��.
��ø��,øł�,��øºœ�æ�Øłœ�ÆØ��.
�ł�,Ø���,��øŒ�æ�Øłœ�ªœ.���Ø�Ø�ø��ªœ.
���ø,łÆ��,��øºœ�æ�Øłœ�ªœ.�Ø��ø���ø��ªœ.
�(ºØ���Æł���Æ"��œ�����łÆ�Ø檜:�ø,ł�,�ł,�Ø .ƪ������ø����ø��,�ø��,ł�,��ø.��ø����ø��,�Ø .��ø��,�ø.�ł�,ł�.���ø,�ł.
�Ø �ºł,ƪ����ø����ø��,�Æ��
��º��.���Ø �œ�Ø ª�ªø�.Øø��œ �Ø ����ł�łØ ,ø� Ø�ł�ł,æ���.
Øø�ø�ªø,��Æ�,ƪ����ø���Æ���ÆØ��.Øø��œ��ø�ł�,ø�Ø�ºœÆ,��ØÆ�ƺ�œ����ªø,ø�Ø����Æ���ª�Ø�ł�ł,���ø,���Æ�ø�æ���.
ł��ªø���ºł,ƪ�Ø��ł��Æ��æ�Øłœ�ªœ.Øø��œł�Ł��,�Ø�ł�ł.�Ø���ł,�øłø��øØ����.ł��Æ���,���ł���,œ�ª�ø����øªŁ���,�ÆØ��ªŁ���.
Øø�ł�ªø,ƪ�����ø�Æ���ø����ªœ.Øø��œ��łŁ��,���ø�Æ��Ø��ª�Ø�ł�ł.
Ł(�º���ø��,ø�Ø�œøÆ�,ÆØ��,�œ�Ø��Æ�œ���ø,�øÆł�œÆº��øƪø��œøÆ�,�øŒ�œ�Ɯغ�æØœ�ÆœØ�ªłøœ.
�Æ
K[YRKPR[KYG\VKFGVZ[\\ZGPF
ø (��ł��ø������Œ,ø�ÆØ�ªÆłØ��Æ�ÆØ�� ��Ø�,�Øł���Ø�,ÆØ�� �œ�œ�,���ºœ.�œ��œøÆ����Æ�,ø�ÆØ�ÆØ�Ø� ,ØM��Ø.����Ø���Æ�ø�ªÆØ�œł�Æł���œ�øØ��,�øØ��Æ��,�Æø��ł�����ø�,ºø�ø�Ø ������œªÆ�Ø �ł�œ��Æ���ø��ª.������Æ���œ.
ø Æ(�øØ�œ��Æ��œ�øŁœ�ª’ł�œ,ª’ł�œ�œªÆ�Ø Ø�ª,� œŒ�����,���ºœ.ª’ł�œ�Ø Æª’�œØœ,����œØœø�ø ��ªøœ�ØÆ��,�Ø�Ø œ�œ�Ø œ�ØØ Æ��,�øÆ�ø�øØł�øØłØ œ�ØÆ��.��ª’�œØœ��Æ"�.���łºÆ��Ø���"�œ"�)�æª�Æł�,œ��łœ��ºœ(,���ØÆłªÆ�œø��œ�º�.
172|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
ZBFIKKOTOBK[FB[ZBFC\VZ[\PYW
(ł����ØØ �Øø��øł��Æœ.��ł���Ææª�Ø���.ł���ØØ ,���ØØ ø�� �Æ�,ºØ�øłØ����ª ��º�ƺł�Ø��Øœ.
( �Øø��øł��Æœ.��Ø�º�æœ
Øøł��,ø�Ø����Æ�,�ø øÆ�ºœÆ��Æ�,øºœÆ,��Æœ� ��ÆœØC.�œØ?��Æœø�ª�Ø�Ø����Æ�,øºœÆ,�º��øºœØC�æª.�æª,���ªØ�Ø�.
FKMNFBFCFVZ[\GB\IRQ
���(º���ªłØ ��ªłØ Øø��ªØ�Ø Æ� ���,�ªł��Ø��º� ����œ ø��Æœ�ª� ��øłœÆ� ,ºØ��ªłø�� ��øłÆ�غ������º�,�ø ø��Æ"��œøłÆ��Æ��Æ�.
���(�غ���,��Ø���º�,��ł���Æ�,���Æ��ª�º�.º�øºœÆ,�Ø łÆØ ��غ��ºÆœ�œ���Æ�.�º��ªÆ��Æ�.ºØ�ø ��ªø�Ø�����ºŒ.Ø’ª�Ø�,�º��,�Ø���łª������ıø��
ø����,ºœł,�� ,ºØÆ��Æ�øł��Ø��ºœł,�Ø���łª������ .�’
ø��Ø�,ÆØ��,�Ø’,�º��,�Ø����łªœ����,����Ø Ø�ªÆ��Æ�,�Ø� ��łªØ �����.º����Ø��’ª�Ø�.øºœÆ,��ł,ÆØ��,Ø���ª�,�º��,�ÆØ��Ø��œœ�ت����º��,�œªÆ�Ø �� Æ��Æ�.
���("�,�Øł���Ø���ºœ,ºø� �œªÆ�Ø ��Æ��,�œªÆ�Ø Æ��Æ�Ø�ª,�œ�ƺ��,øªłº œ�ت����Æ��Æ�.����,�øłØ’Æ�’,�’ ’,’ �’��ł��,�œ�øłØ ��Æ��Æ��Æ�.�º���ł���Æ�.�º��Øø��Æ�œ���Œ,��øłÆ��Æ���Ø�.�ø ��,��Æœ�œ�’���ØŒ.
BFCFFKBMNNF\GZFVZ[\GB\IRQ
���(��Æœ�œ�’���ØŒ.��Æœ,�Øłø,ø�łØŒ��ª ��œ�øłÆÆ��Æ��Ø��,øº�ƪ�ø�łØŒ��ª �ƪ���Æ"�,ØƪÆ��Æ�.ø�Ø��ŒÆª�º���Æœ��Æ"�.ªÆłØ ��,��Æ�,� º���œł�,�ø øøłœ�ªÆłœøÆœł��º��º��.
��Ł(�Ø��ŒªÆłø�ÆØÆ���Ø��Æ"�,º�Øø��Æ�œºł�Ø,º�øºœÆ,ƺ��ÆÆŒ.ƺ�,���Øłø?Æ�ÆÆŒ�Ø��łØŒ��ł.º�,Æ��øŒ,Æ��ªŒ,��ƺ�
�ÆÆŒ?���Æ��º��Æ’�ÆÆœ,��ªŁÆ��ªł.ƺ���øŒ,ÆÆ’��øœ,��œŁÆ���œł�.ƺ���ªŒ,ÆØ�ø����ºæ�ÆØłø�,���ª��ł,�ÆØ�ø���łØ��œ.
��(�Øø��Æ�œ��Æ"�,�œŁłÆ�æª�º���ªªØ ,ø��æª º�,�Ø�ª������ºæ�.��Ø�����?��Æł� ,ø�ø ��ÆœłØÆ�,�������Æ,���ø,�ºæ�.
173 | ��
��(��Æ,ø�Æł� ���ø�Ø��ł�����œ��Æœ�ª�.���ø,ø������Æ���øœ���œ��Æœ�ª�.�ºæ�,ø�Ø��ªÆ�łøœªłºØ ,œØ�����œ�º��� .�ø ���œŁłÆŁł�ø�æ�Øłœ�æª.º�øºœÆ,�æª��Æł� .
�Øø��øłÆ��Æœ�ª��º����.��ª,���øº����œ�œÆłºØ ÆøÆØ�.��øºœÆ,�æت،ØÆłºº�.��œ�ł�ØÆłºº�,���ØÆłºº�.ø��æØªØ ,�œ
ø�º�æ�Øłœ�æª,ØÆłº�øºØ��,���ł�œº�.�łØø��Ø��øºØ���œÆłºœÆøÆØ� .
THFMPGG\BFCF,Y[FM[BGNYRBFVZ[\GKIK
œø�(øØ��غ�œ ��ÆŒ,łø�Ø�łø�Ø�ø.�Ø��º�æœØøł��,���Æ�,ø��œł��œø������Æ"�,����تØ�ø�œ��ªØ�Ø .ø� �łłØ �ÆØœ�Ø �œ�œ�Ø Æ��Æ�,��ª�Ø ��Ø�Ø ª�Øł���Ø�,ø��Ø �"����Æ�.øÆø���Ø�ø��œ�ł���œø����ƪÆ�œ��ª�øœ�Øłœ.
œø�(��łø�œªÆ��Øł���Ø���Æ���Æ��,�Ø��ØÆ��œø����Øł���Ø�,�Ø���łœ,øØ��غ�œ ��ÆŒ.ªłºø��œ ,ºØ�ø�œªÆ�Æ�� ��ª,����Øø�æł�ø ,�łØ�ø�łłøØ�œÆ�œ�� ,�Ø��æł����,º��łøØ��º���ł�ø��ø�łø .ºŒ��ł�º�æœØøł��,���Æ�,����œªÆ�œØÆŒ,����Øø�æł��Œ��ŒÆ��œ,øØ��غ�œ ��ÆŒ,ºªØøØø�łº��łœØÆŒ,º�œ�œ ��ø�Øłº��łœÆ�œ�� ø�œªÆ�Æ.
œø�Æ(ºØ��º�œ��Æ�.���Ø�º�Ø�łª�ł������.ºø��Ø�øœø��ª ��æœ������ ,ł����øł��,�ł���ŒÆº��ØÆłØ���,�����Ø,º�ø�æÆæ�Ø��ÆØ Æ�Ø�øŁØ ,��Øłª�Ø��Ø��,Æ�ø����Ø�łª�º��ØÆłØ���.�Ø�ªÆł�ø�ÆØœłº�Ø ø�ł���łª����.ºŒœ����Æœ
º�æœØøł������Æ"�,ºœ����œÆø�ø�ł�ł����Ø�łª����.
œø��(�ø�ºø������.º����Æ,�Ø�������øł��,��Æœ�Ø����Æ�,���ºØ�ø�Ø���ø������Æ�.�º��,ø�łØŒ��ª �����œ�øœ,ºªØøØœ�øł��Æ��Æ�ø���,ºØ�œŒºŒ�Ø��œ�Ø�ØÆ�Øø���łœ.
�ø�ºø������,º�øø���ø�ÆØ�Ø� ø�łøØ �łªœÆ,ºŒ�����ø�ÆØ�Øø����Æ�����,��Ø�łª����Æ�.
œø�ª(ø��,Æø�ø�łØªØ �œ�łøØ Æ,�ªØØ �� �Ł�Ø� ����łØªØ �œ ,�ø��� .ºŒ�Øø����œÆ��Ł�Ø ,�øƺ���øØ �øªØ øøœ�,���œ�øłÆ�øł���Æ�.
œø��(łø�Ø�łø�Ø�øø��ÆœØ�.ø��ÆœØ�,��ø��Æœ�øł�Ø���œŒ�ø�ł,Øæª�Ø��,���ł�œØ"�,ø�œłłøł�.�ø���ª�Ø��,øºœÆ,ø���œ�œ�ł�øØ.��øł�ø��Æœ���Æ�ø�º�æœØøł��,�øºØ��,����Æ"�.
œø��(�ø ��,�Ø łÆØ ��غ��ºÆœ�œ���Æ�.ºØºøÆ��Ø�Ø�,�Ø ,�æª,ª�æØ�øłØ�œ���Æ�,�Ø��ºÆ�ø��Æœ�ø���.º�øºœÆ,Ø�Ø�œ�Æ��Ø.ºØÆœ��łœ��º��øÆ�ø���ª�Ø��
174|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
�����Æ�,���øøł�,��ØœÆ�Ø�æªØ .ºøÆ���Ø�Ø�Æ�æªØ ø�,��º�Ø �Ø ,��ø�ØŁ�œ�øłØ��,�Ø��ºÆ�Æ���œ��łœ��º��,����ªłÆ����æØ��ø�Ø �œ��łœ�,ºØ��ÆØø��º��Æ�æªØ ,��º����Øł�ƺ��ø��œ.
œø�Ł(ƺ��� ��ºłłª���ł���Æ�,�łł��Ø����Æ�.º��Ø��,ø�Ø��łłœ���Æ�,łª�œ��łØ,º�øºœÆ,øØ��غ�œ ��ÆŒ.ªłŒ�� ,ø�Ø���øÆ������Æ��łª���ł��ºł.���Æ�ºł�ªÆłæœ ��,ªÆł�Ø����Æ��łœ���Œ.
�Æœ�ÆłØ
PPNIPFNBFC\BIGGFVZ[\BIZKPG\
æ�(�����ŁÆ���Ø øÆœ��Ø � Ø�ª.��� ��ÆłØ ,Æø�øØøÆØ Ø�ª,�Ø� ��łªØ �����.�œ�Ø��� �ł�Ø º��øØ øØ�����,øł�Ø ��ł����œ��.���łºŒ,��łØ ��ØœÆ��Æœ���.
��Æ"�,������ł�Ø� ?�����ŁÆ���Ø øÆœ��Ø � Ø�ª.��Ø��"� ",Æ���º���� �øºØ��.��ª,�����Æ"���øØÆ�ªØÆł ,Øø���œ
��ø��Æ� .��øºœÆ,���ªÆłØł�Ø�’�Øø��ł�,Ø�øÆ�’Øø�,ikœÆæ�ł�غł����Ø.
æ�(�œ ,��ÆłØ øƺ��,º�ø�ØØœ Æ�ÆØÆœ,Æ��Æ�,��ª �º�,� �º���������œœ�łª�����,ªø��Æ"�Øø���º ,Ø�ł��غ ø� ,Ø���Æ�ºœº ø� Æ� .��øºœÆ,�����ØØłØØ�ªÆł���ø� ÆŒ.
BFC\ICZKOVZ[\MK\[B
�ª(º�����ÆłØ ø�Ø� ��ÆØ ���œ��,�æœ��Ø ���� Łł ø��Ø��� .º���ÆłØ ÆØ�Øø�łÆØø��Æ�Ø��Ø,��Æœ��øł��ØØœ�ÆØ�Ø� .�ø ��ƪł�Ø�æœ�łØ-œł�Æ��Ø,ø�Ø���ł,º���ÆłØ ø�Ø� ��ÆØ ���œ��,�ł�Ø ��� ,ø����ºœÆªłŒ�Øøł.ªøøØ �� Æœł�.ºØ�œł�,
��Æ������œØøÆ�.�Æł� ��Æ�œØ���,Ø����œ�Æł� ,
ø�Ø�œ�Æ�Ø �� ��.Ø�Æ,ø�Ø� �Ø���Ø ÆÆ��Æ�Æ���,�œ�Ø ł� ��Æ��.��ÆłØ �łØºØ ��Øœº�� ,���øœÆ� �� .ø� Ø�æłÆ� ���Æ�,���Ø Æłº ����,Æ�Æł� ,Ø���,Ø�Æ,ø� �æª,�Æł�,œ��łœ.
175 | �Æœ�ÆłØ�
[C\BIKODOKIEHGFZIE[,IY\
��(�����ŁÆ���Ø øÆœ��Ø � Ø�ª.øÆœ��Ø ,�Øłø�œ�Æłœ���,
�Øł���Ø�,Æ�ª�,��ºœ.� ,���łÆœ�œØøł��,ø� ��łºÆ��ØØ�ª���.
DKNGKSGEG\F\GZF=NICZKOVZ[\VRIS
œøŁ(��łłØ���Ø���,ªÆłØ ��æœ�Ø ,�łØºØ ��œ��œ ÆøÆØ���ÆłØ ,ø�Øøæœ �� 檜�œł�����ł�œ .ø�łøØ ,��łœø��檜�ø�� �øŒ.��ª���ºæ�
ø���.�Øø��łªø�����œ,�Ø�ø�,�œ��ŒÆøº���øŒ����.��Øø��ø�,����Øł�.�ø ��,Øø���ª ���œ,檜�œł��æœ�Ø ,��ÆłØ .
N@EeZCPYGO[NBR[KPT[FVZ[\CB
���(�� ��تł�ª ���Æ�� ø��øØ�ø�ªłØ Æœº,�ø ø�Ø����
ø��B�BÆØ��łøØ ,ºØ���œ�øÆ� .� ��ÆØ��ªØ�Ø ,�ŁØÆØ �Æ�ºœ .
NFKVZEPZ[TKOVZ[\GBZB
� �(��ÆłØ ,ºø� ƪłŒ,�łØºØ ��ºœÆ�Æ��ª.� ��ºØ ÆØ�Ø� łøØ� ,���øØ ø�Ø� ��غ����Œ,�łØºØ ��Ø�łª�� .øºœÆ,ƪغ�Æ�Æ�ØØœ�ł���łœ,ø��łª����ł��Ø ,
º�øºœÆ,Ø�Æ��ÆØÆ�ª�Æł�.�Ø��łØŒ��ł,ØÆ�,�ø�łÆØ .����ø ø��łª����ł��Ø Æ�Æ�ƪ��Æł�,��øœŁ���ÆłØ��Æœ,�º����ł,ØÆ�,Æ�ø�Ø�ت.
FYGEIIGZCSVKRFVZ[\R[B
Ø�(º��Øø�œªÆ�Æ��Æ"�ø���œ�œł�,ºÆغ�����ØØ ���œ,� ø����� ø��Ł�.º�øºœÆ,øØœ �œ .
ØŁ(º��ØøÆł���œ�œł�,ºÆغ�,�� ����,�� ��Ł�,��
�œ��,�� �º����œ.�ø��ØłªØ�Ø ,�øŁØ Æ��Ø�,� øŁ���ªÆØ�Ø� ,ł�����Æ�œ�æ�Ø��.��ł��Æł,����œ��ª�?��ł�,���º�œ�Œ,���œ�œØØ��Ø�ª�.��ł�,�łØø�Ø��ŁÆØ Ææ�Ø��ÆØ�ª.
176|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
ICZKO[TGSYKOC\GZFPGDRKOVZ[\GB\IRQ
�Æ(ƺ��øØ�łØŒ��ª �ø º��ª�œ��Æ"�.º��Øø��ŒÆªłŒ,ø�œØØł����Ø�æŁØ ,غ���’ªÆłØ ,�ªł��œ�Ø��������.º�Ø�Æ,Æø�ø�Ø��œØØł����Øø.��øÆ�� �Ø�œ�Ø��.
����Øø�œ�Ø���øÆ�Øœł,ø�Ø�ÆłØ �ø�ø�øæ�Ø ÆªÆłØœł�,��ªØœł�øÆ�º�.ºØ�Ø� �œØØł�Ø ���Ø�æŁØ ,�ø ø�øºØ����Æłœ�� ���œøæ�Ø Æœł�.
��ł
FGNLG@BfZTERMfQFKGOVZ[\GK[NI
�(Æ���ø��Æ"�Ø�Ø Øøł��Ø�Ø� �����œ,��Ø�œ��� �œ��łª��Ł���ª.��łºŒØ�œ��� �œ���ł,�Ł�ª����.ªø��Æ"�Ø�œ��� �œ�øłØ ��Ø�Ø ��œ�Ø ��łÆł�œ�� .ø��œœ���Øøœ ÆÆœ��œ.���ƪ����ø�ł,ø��Œ�Błª��ºB��Ø .
�(º���øø���Æ"��Øøł����ªØ�Ø øÆ� ,ø�øØ ��Ł��Ł��Æ� ��œ.ƪ����ª ��œ�Æ�øŒ,œ�تÆ�øŒ�Ø��øº�.øÆœøł�Ø ���Øł�,�łØºØ ��œ��œ�Ø���ł
�Ł�,º�œ�ø���Ł.��łºŒ�Ł�ª����.º�ƺ�� Øœł,ªø��ØłØ �º���łºł�Ø.
�Æ(ºŒ� Øøł��.º���ØøÆ��ł���,�Ø��Æ��Æø���œ,���øÆ���Ł�Łªø�œł��.�Æ��øÆÆœ��œ��Øł�,��ƪ����Ł�Ł,ªøØœ���Øøł��,غłØœ�œ�º��� ������ �Æ�.�ø ø��Øł�Æœ�Ø��Æ� ��œ,�Ø��ºØ�Ø��º�.�Æ�Øøł��,��łø�� ��Œ�ł�Ł�Ł,ªøØœ���,Ø�Øł�� ��Æ"��� .
RV[,ZGI,R[PF)RZ"Q(VZ[\NLNL
���(��ø�Ø��œłłœœ�œ����ªÆ�œÆ��.ºØ��ł��ł,ø�ł�œ�œ�øÆ,ø��ø�ł,�ªÆ�Æ�œØ��,�Ø���łª���,�Ø��œœ�����Æ.ºø�ł�ø�ł�œœ������Æ�œØ��,���ø�ºØæ���ł��Æ�,��Ø�ø�Ø,ºØ��øł���ł�ø�ł.�ł��Æ������º��ª�ł�ł�.
��Ł(���łøø�Ø� �œœ��Ø ,�ł�ø�ł�ł��Æ�ø�Ø,�ø��ł��Æ�ºØæ���łæœ ,ø�Ø��ł�����ª��øøł���ł��Æ�.��º��ª�ł��ø��.�����łø� .Æ���øØøÆ�ł��ł�’�łœ�����:
�.�łø�ł,�ªÆ�Æ�œØ��,ø����Ł��º� ,
177 | �ł
Æ.�ł��Æ�,�øł���ł�ø�ł,
�.�łæœ ���ª,�øł���ł��Æ�.
º�����ª �ø� ƺ�,øØø�� º�
�’�łœ�����,º�"�Æ�ł��ł,ø� �ł"�.����ł���ª Æø �ªø.º�øºœÆ,��ªBøØ �øłÆ�łı���.
BGZFDRGHGBGZ[CGP\YKKOFTGNOVZ[\BPGZ
�(��łÆŁeÆŒ�øł����z�Øł�ØŒ.��łÆŁÆŒ,º���Ø�Ø�ł�ł��Ø�ø��ł�,ŁÆ.øºœÆ,Øł����Ø �œ��łºØŁÆ.�����ł����,øÆø���Æ"�ŁÆÆ� ,�Ø����œÆº�Ø ,Æ�œ�ØØ �� ,�ª�Ø.�øł���œ�Øł�ØŒ,ø�ł�Ø�ø���Æ"�ºøÆł��� ,����œ��ªØ�Ø �œØª
�Æ�.º�øºœÆ,�øł���œ�Øł�ØŒ,��œ��æØ ÆŒ.
ØøÆ’�łœ:
�.�ł������ªØ�Ø �œØª�Æ�,�Ø���ØłÆ� .
Æ.�ł���ł�ŁÆ,���øŒ���ł����,���ØłÆ� ƺ�Ø ,ø�� �ª�Ø.
BKQSGU=NBK[SGUVZ[\VYGEK
øæ(ªÆ�œ ��ª�Ø�æ�.ºØº��øłØØ�ªø��œ������ØÆ��Øœ�œ���ø�Ø��ø����ª,øł��º��ł��œÆ,Æ�Ø�æ�.�Ø�æ��Ø��ª��ت,���øœæ�,���øœł�ø,��º��Ø"��ł�ø�,ø��ºœł,
��Ø�ł�øæ�.ł�ø��ª��Ø��,�º��æœ ,��ªœŒ���øÆ�,�º��.ºØ��º��Ø�����ºœł,º�øºœÆ,��º����Ø�œØ���.ø�æ�,���ł�æ�ªÆł,���ºœ,æ�º���łœ.�Æ�ø��Æ�Ø�æ�,��Øøæ�.
��œØ�œ
CZKB\FTGNOCBG\KG\VZ[\GKD[
Æ(�º��Æł�Æœł�,�º��øœº��Æœł�.º�ø�œł��œ�Ø��ÆÆ’,º��Æł��� ÆÆ’.ºØ�Łł øÆł���Æ"��œ�� ,���Æ�,Æ�º���œØœ���Ø,�º�æº���œ��œ���ł,Ææªłœøł"�
��Ææªł�Æ�"ª.
�(�º�æ��œ’��ł����Ø,ł��Œ�Æł��Ø�œ�� .��ł����Æ"�,��.ºØÆŒœØªØ �łÆ��ªØ�Ø ��œ,øºœÆ,�œØœœ����œ���øØ .ºœÆ,
178|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
���ªøØœ��e.��œ�ł�,���ªøØ,���,���eªøØØ,ø� ��ªØ�Ø .�ø ���� ��ØØÆł�ÆŒ.
ª(Æ��’��œØœ,øØ�,��,łØø,º���ª��ªÆ��Ø��.��ł�����Æ"�,�Ø�º�ºª�ØœøØØÆł�ƺ��� .ºØ�œ���œØœ,ø��ł�ƺ ø�ł,ø�ł�Ø�ø��� ���ØØ.
�(Æ���œØœ�’�’,º�º��,ªø��Ø��œØœ��œº’.ºØ�øØłª��º’
���ºœł,��ª���Ø�Ø œ�œ�Ø ,ªø�œ�ØØ �º�Æ�œÆ’,ø�Ø�æØ��Æłº�,Æ�øœº���� �Æł�.
�(�łØ��’��ł�øº���œØœ,����Ø��łØŒ�Æł�Æ��� ?ºŒ��,����ø ø��ł�Æ��łł,���Æł�Æ��� .�ø ��,����Øø��’�Ø��œ�æª�Ø�,ƺªØø���œœº��Ø���æŁł���ł�,���ł�œ�łł,�º����Æł�Æ��� ,�øœº���� ÆÆ’Æ�Æł�.
FBG\CVZ[\[PKRK
ª(���Ø����œÆ’�œ����ª��ªæœ����ª��ª?Æø�ø�ª Æ���œ�ÆłÆœł�,�łØ�Ø��œ����Æ���øœœ��.Æø�ø�ª æ�ł�œØ�Ø����,��Œ�ªłŒ��ł,�łØ�Ø�æœ����ª���ł,º��Æ’,º�øºœÆ� Ø œ�Æ�Ø,Ø�ØØ ��ÆŒ.��Ø����œ�ªøØøÆØœ�Æłaœł���Ø Æ��Ø ,��Ø�ø����.�º��œł��œ�œ,��ł��Æ�Ø�ª �ºł�œ�ł�œ�œ ,��غ �ØøØ ��ł�.
�(Æ’�Ø��łœø�Ø��œ,���ª
���Æł .����ª�����ø�Ø ,�Øł���Ø�,����ª��Ł���łı,���ºœ,��Æ"�,Øæª,���Æ� ��Æ��œ .
�(�’�łœ�Ø�Ø �ªøØ ,�’�Ø ,����Ø Ø�ª,� º���œł�.� �œ�Ø �œ�Ø �º�,�œ�Ø �œ�Ø �ø�ØØ �����,��ºœ,� aØœ�º�.�º���ł�Ø ÆØœ,ºØ���’�Ø øÆÆ’,�ł��Ø ��’�Ø ª�Øł���Ø�,� aØœ.�ø ���œ��œ�œł��Ø�Æ’,ºØ�Ø��œł�,�Ø�ł��œ�� .
IPK[FPGXBG\FVFVZ[\NLNL
Ł(���łÆ�Ø檜,ø� ª’Æ�Ø�œ,�º��ÆØ��œ��łœ��ºœ,�œ�øŁØ �º"Æ)22(�œØœ,�Ø��Ø ���Øø����œ���:���"��ł�,Æ�"��ø�œØØ ,�غ"���ØC,ªŁ��"œ��ø�,�æøł"ı�øØ�ØØ .
ºØ����Øø����œ� º��ªºœł.�"Æœ"�)�º��ÆØ��,œ��łœ��ºœ(� �łÆ�Ø檜,�Ø �øł��ł.�łÆ�Ø檜� ��Øø����œ���,ø�œ�øŁØ Æ� º"Æ�œØœ.
BG\KG\=HMZKOGRYCG\VZ[\GKXB
łæ(º�º"��œØœøÆ���ÆØœ,� �ºł��Æ�,��œº����Æ��º��ª.
ø��œØœ�øØغœ�Ø�Ø�ø������ºłØ ,�øØغœ�����Ø����Æœ.
179 | �œØ�œ
�œØœ��ºłØ �ø�Øœ�Ø �Ø�Ø ,�œØœ���Æœ��œ�"�,�œ�Æł�º��ø���ª.��ØØ�ª�ø� .�º�
�Øøت�œ�ØØ�ªØ �� ,���ł�º��œ ,�øłØ���Æ� ���Æ� �Æ�.ºØ��Ø�łØØ�ª�ø� ºł�Ø.
�ÆłØ� øØ
MKRZPXGGFG\GZFBGZVZ[\\ZGPF
œøºŁ(ºØ�ł���.���łø�����,ø��øØ �ºœÆ,���łø�øÆœ.ø����Øø��øØ �Ø���ºœÆœł�,�łØ��ÆłØ �ºØ Æœł�,��ØłØ ��ł���
ø��øØ �œ��œÆ�����.��øØ ÆœØ���ł���,��ÆłØ Æœł�,��ª�Ø����Øł��ł���,ø��œØ��ø����ø��øØ �œ�ØØÆÆ.
B]t@F=B[F’VZ[\CZB[K\
łØ�(Ø��ł��ª ,��œ�� � ���ØØÆøł�ÆøłØ,���œØØ�ł��M�.ø��ø�œ�Ø�,��Ø�ø�Ø�ªº�œ�,��Ø��ºÆªø��ÆØœ.º���øØ Æ��Ø���º��Æ��Ø�ª ,�Æ����œØØ�ł��M�,���œ�����łœ.
ºØ�ø �M�Øł��ø�’,º��łø��œ
��łœø���ø��ł��"ø,��øł�Æ�œ�’,ø�Ø����Æ�.��øøØÆ��œ����œØØ�ł��M�,ºØ�æØÆœ��łœ��º�����Øł�Æ���łø�º���a�æªØ ø�Æ��,�Øœ����ø �M�,ø����łœ��º����º���ø,º�øºœÆ�Ø��ł�’��ø.���ø �ø"�,ºØ�ø�øłÆ�’.
TKYZFCK\FGBB[\GVZ[\CZB[K\
ł�(Ø�ł�ÆØœ���øœ,�ø ø�øºØ���Ø���æœ��œ�ÆØœÆ�ºœ�øœ.º�ø��ª�,øºœÆØÆØ��Ø��������øł��Ø�,ø��ł�ª����ł,º�ø�Ø�Æ���øł��Ø�,�ø ø�øºØ��Æ���ÆØœ,Æ�ºœłÆ��.�łØø�øºØ��øł�ÆÆØœÆ�ºœ�øœ.
ł�Æ(ºØ�Ø��Ø���,ÆØ��,�Ø��
����œ�����ºł,�Øł���Ø�,���Æœø�ÆØœ�œœ��.�œ�Æł�ºł��Æ�,�"�.���Ø��Ø����ø�œÆłºœ�ÆłŒ�œ�"�.ºØ���,�Ø��œœ��,�øºØ��,�Ø������œ�����ºł,º��łÆ�ª ��Ł�,���Æø�ø�œ���ÆØœ,��ºłÆ���������Æ��œ�ÆłØ�ª.���Ø��œœ��,�øºØ��,�ø�œÆłºœ�ÆłŒ�œ .
180|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
PIRFK[ZBNVZ[\GKYFN
��(ºœÆ,º�ªłŒ�Øø�����œ.�����Œ��œ.�º����œ��Ø�,øøł��� Æ��Æœø�,��Øœ��øØ �Łł ø��Ø��� .��ł�����œØ��,ºØªØ�ÆØ�ø�Ø� �œ�øÆ� ,ƪØ���œ�œ.
��(Æø�øøØøł���œ���,�œº�������Ø ,�Ø����Œ��œ����
ÆØ���øØ ÆœŒ����Øøł��.ºØ�øł���ø�,ø���Œ��œ����ÆØ���øØ ,����Øøł��ÆØ�Ø��,�ت,���Ø��œº����øØ Æ��Ø�� .º�øºœÆ,Ø����ø��œº�ªœÆ�ØØøł��.��� ��ÆłØ ,ø���Ø� ��łØª�œ Æ�ƪ .
��(���Œ��œ���Ø���łª���øØ ,ªø�� ÆØœ���ªø.
NFJFIZCFP\FVM\VZ[\GKYZB
øº�(ÆØ ø��ª�ª ��Ł�ı�ªœÆł���œ�ª� .�ø ø��Øø��Ł��œ�Ø��,Æ��Ø����ø,º�øºœÆ,��Ø�ø�ÆŒ.�º�������,ƺ����ø��ÆłØ ����Ø �ØØÆØ ���Ø��Æ"�,��øØ ø��ªªØ���ø�œØªØ �ø�Ł�Ø� .º�øºœÆ,�Ø��ø�Ø����øØ �ø�Æ.
øº�(����øØ ��ł�œ��Ł��łÆ
��œ��ºœ.��ø����łÆ��œ��ºœ,�������Ł��łÆ��,���ł�œ�łÆ���œ�� ÆłØœ.�łÆ��’����ª .��Ł��łÆ����œ��ºœ,���Ø �Ø��ÆłØ ���Ø ��Æœ.
øº�(...ºø�ÆØ�Øøł��ł��,øØøł�����Ø ªłº ,����Ø Æ�œ���Ø�ª� ,����ł,�øØ ø���œ,�ØŒ�œ�ø�Łœ,�ØŒ�œ�ØøÆœø����œłłÆ� ,�B����œø�Ł�����ÆłØ .
ECGZFGIRFVZ[\GKYZB
øºŁ(øœØ�øØ �Ø����œÆ� ,��łøÆ�ø���Æ"�,øº���ÆłØ øÆ� ��Ø��łºŒ.��ªÆł����.���
��ł�,�Ø��ªøº�’,ºØ�Ø�a��zE.º��ºœÆØ �����,ø�Ø��œ���œ�œ������Æ� .
FKMNKR][PG\FRYCG\VZ[\[NINL
���(...øØø��غ�œ�ł��Ø,ƺ��œ��Ø Øª�Ø ,Æ�� ø��łºœ�łø��Æ��,ºØ��łºœ��Ø������,�Ø��ºłØ �º�æØ º��.
���(Æ�غ���ªØøÆœØ�Æœ�ł�,º��łÆÆœ���Ø �øØ �ª��Øœ��.
º���œ��œ���Øø�����œ�łØª�Ø Æ�ت��º��.�’��Ø Æº�Ø ºł�Ø �ºłØ�Ø ,�����ł�ø��ø���ÆØ������Æ��.ÆœØ�Ø��œ��� ��Ø����œøØø��,ł���łœ�ø�,�øœ�����Ø,��łœ,�øłØ���Ø,ø�ت�œØ�ł���.
181 | �ÆłØ���øØ�
�����œ����Ø�ªø��Øœł�º��.���(ÆœØ���łœ����øØ ,æ�œ
Æ��œ�œł�.º����Æ�łœø�ØÆ� ���,Æ�Æø�ł,º��ÆøØ��ºłØ ,�ı��ø�Ø� ��ØłØ º�ºŒº�ÆøØ��ºłØ .��œ�œł�ø���º��ØØ �œ�Æ� ���,��æ�œÆ��ÆŁ�Ø��Æ� ���.º�����øØ �ØøÆœ ÆœØ�Æœ�ł�Æ�غ���ª,��ł�œ�øØ ø���œ.ø����Łłº��Æ�ł��Ø�Ø� .
���(Æ�غ���łØøæł�Æœ�øł,º���øØ łÆÆœ���Ø ��.�’��Ø ÆØ �ºłØ�Ø ���Ø�,����łœØæ���ªØ�Æ��.�Ø�ø���Ø��œ���Ø����œøØø��,ł���ł�łœØæ�,ø����øœ����Ø,��łœ�øłØ�œØ ø�łœØ�Æøł�ø�Œ�����Ø.��łºŒ��łœ��ø�ł��øØ ,æ�œÆœøÆ�œ�łØÆ��� ,��ªœ�ø�.º�����œø���Øø�º���œ��œ.��łºŒ��łœ�æ�Æ��œ�œł�ÆŁ�Ø��.
��Ł(Æ�غ���łØøغƪ,�Ø�ø��ø���ÆØ������,º�����Ø łÆÆœ��.Æ�غ����Ø��ºłØ�Ø º��,����’��Ø Æº�Ø �Ø��ª��øÆ�œ�łØÆ��� ,�Ø�º�����øØ ø��.���łœøØłœ�Ø Æº�Ø ,�Ø��ƪ��œ�Ø���º��,œØ���łØ ��ÆØ���œ�œ�Æت�.º�����ªØ�Ø øÆ���ª�,��øØÆØ
����Ø�œø��.º�����ºØ �ªøØ �ªØ �øÆ�Ø ���ø ��ªø.
ł(Æ�غ���łØøªÆł���ÆØ��.� º�,º���øØ ø���ªœ���łœÆøØł�,ø�Ø���ł�Æ� ���.�Øł��ø��œ��ªØ�Ø �øØ �ª��Øœ,�ÆªØ ���Æ"�.���Ø����غ�œ,Øø�łÆ��غ�œ�æœłØ ø���Ø��œ��ªøœ,ø����æł���œ.�Ø��Øøł���œ�.ƺ�Ø ���ƪ�.
ł(ƺ��Ø���œº��Ø º� Ø�ª.�ø øøœ��Ø���Æ��œ�Ø��,ÆØ�Æ� ���ÆØ�Æ� ���.��Ø�ø�� ���,���œªÆ�œ��ø��Æ�ø��,�łÆ�ł.��Ø�ø�� ���,����Æ��.�º�º�øł�Ø,�Ø���ł�Ø�,�Ø���ł�Ø�.����ł��,��Æ� ���,��Ø�ø�� ���,���ł��ł�ł.��غ�œø��łÆ�Ø��œ��ł�Ø �غ�œø�Æ�œÆŁ�œ.���ºØœØ�ł�œÆ� .�øłØ��� ø��ªØ�Ø ,�ÆłØ ��Æœ,���ºØ ƪłŒ�ØøłÆ� ���,�ºØ �º��œ��Ø øÆ� ���.
łÆ(��Ø�øÆ� ���,ø��ØłœØœł�Æ�Ø�ø�ø�Æ� ���.a�Ø�
ø�� ,Æ�Ø�ø�� ���,Æœø��ø�� º��ª,ºø�œªÆ�œ��ø�œ� �,øØ �Øłœ,Ø��Ø �� �łœ,�øØ �łœ.� ��ø�œ����łØ ø�œ�ØØłØ .
CZMFNR[KO=EZLFDCZKOVZ[\GKIK
œ�ª(�’�ºł�ØÆłŒ,ØÆłŒ�œÆØœØøł��.���ºœÆÆ’��Ø ,ØÆłŒ?�’�ºł�ØÆłŒ,��� ��ÆłØ .ØÆłŒ�œÆØœØøł��,������øØ .ºØ��ºłØ �łØºØ ��œÆłŒ�œ�Ø��,��łºŒ��øØ ,ø�øØ �Ø���œÆłºœ����Æłºœ ø��ºłØ .
ºø��ºłØ �œÆłºØ ,���œÆłºœ��øØ .º�øºœÆ,ºØ�łÆªÆªÆØœ.ø�łØŒ�º�ł���œ�Ø��,��łºŒ�ÆØœ,ø��ºł�ª ���Æ�,ºªØøœœÆłŒ���.
œ��(��øØ �Ø���œÆłºœ�����ºłØ ,ºø� �œÆłºØ œ�Ø��,�Æłº�
182|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
�ø���ºłØ ,�œÆłºœ,�Ø���łØºœ�Æłº��Ø�ªœ���.�����ºœÆ,ØÆłŒ�œÆØœØøł��,���łø��øØ �Ø���łØºœ�Æłº��Ø�ªœ?�����Æ"��œ�œæ�œÆłº���ºł,ø�øØ�Øø�,ºªØøœœÆłŒ����øœ.º�ƺ��� ,�œ���Æ"�œæ�œÆłº���ºłø�ø��Øø�,ºªØ
øœœÆłŒ�œæ�œ�.ºØ�ø�ª �ø��Øø�,�œ��Æ’���Ø ,��ª���ª��øœ.����Æ��º�,�������øœ.�º�ºœÆÆłº��Ø�ªœ��øØ ,ØÆłŒ�œÆØœØøł��,ºØ������.��� ��ºłØ ��Æ�Ø � ����,� �œ�Ø �����łºŒ.
PK[NBR[BBK[FFGBVDGO
VZ[\GKYZB
æ�(�ª ºØØ�łØÆ,�����Ø��Øø���ø��Øø�.ºØ�łÆ��Ø��łÆ�,Æłºœ�Ø������œ���,����������Ł�.��ø�,øºœÆ,�ª ºØØ�łØÆ,���ø��,ø�Ø����ª ,��ƺ���ª ��,�øºØ���Ø�øł��Ø,�ø ø���� ,��ł�Æ�� ,Æ�� �œł���º�.º�øº�,���Æ����łØÆ�łÆ�.
æª(�ªÆ�ÆØ���ºØ�Ø ,øºœÆ,œ���ø����Ø�’.�Ł ø���Ø�ø�Ø .�ø ��ºœÆ,�ª ºØØ�łØÆ�º �łÆ���’.�ª ������ºł��Æ�,��ł�Ø���łØÆ�łÆ���,����ł.
æ�(�ªÆ�ÆØ��,ºŒ� ,ª�Ø�Ł ø���Ø�ø�Ø .��Łłœ���Ø��º���łÆ�œøÆ� ,øÆøÆØ��œÆłºØ �Ø�Ø œ�œ�Ø .�łÆ����ø�������º���łÆ�œ,���Øł�ØØ ���łØÆ,�ø ø���Ø�ø�Ø�Øø�.�º����Øł�ØØ ���łØÆ�łÆ�,º�øº��ªÆłØ �Ø�Ø ,º��Łłœ,ø�Ø� ł�ØØ øØœÆłŒ�� �تØ� .
æ�(œ���ø����Ø�’œ�º��œ .�����ø�ø�º�ºŒ?�ø���ª øÆ�
���Ø���º�,�Æøł��ø���ŒÆ��ÆØœ�Øøł������ø����.Æ���Øø���Ø���Œ,ł�����Œø��Øø��Æ���Ø .��ł���Œ,�Ø���ºÆªØ,ø�تØ�� ����Æ������º�.ÆœŒºŒ,œØ������º��œ�ÆØœÆøÆØ����Œ.ºØ�øł�œ�,ø���Œ�Ø��º��Æ���Ø�,�Øø����ł øØæœ�����Œ����,���Øœ����º���ł��œ��Øø.
æ�(ºŒÆœø�º�æ�ªÆ�ÆØ��,ÆتØ� �Łłœ,ø������º�,���ºœ,�œœ�����Æ��œ���Œ,�Øł���Ø�.ºØ�øł�����Œ,ø�����øØ Æ�Ø��Ø ,��ł�����Œ,ø�تØ� ØÆ������º��øłœ��,�æœ�����Œ����.ºøł�œ����º�,øÆøÆØ� �æœ�����Œ����,�ت,œ���ø����Ø�’œ�º��œ .
æ�(º�����,�ø ø�Øø�Ø��øØ,���� ,��Æ���Ø ���Ø���Œ.�ªøœ���Œ�æœ�����,�Ø�øł�Æ�� .���ºœÆ,�ª ºØØ�łØÆ�º �łÆ�.�Øø��ł��ª ,Ø�łØÆ.�Øø�Ø���ł��ª ,ø���Æ�œØ�øØ,��Ø�łØÆ.
183 | �ÆłØ���øØ�
BEOMNGNPHMZGRGYCBKIEVZ[\R[B
��(�ª ��º��ø��ºł��Æ�.ºØ�Øø�œ�Æł�ºł��Æ�,��ł��ª ,����Øł�ø�Ø .��ª���øøł�Æ��.��ª,���øøł�Æ�æª.�Øø�������ºł��Æ�,�Ø�Æ��Øł��,����,���æتœ.�ø ����ł��ª º���º�.ºØ�ø��ł��ª ,øł�Æ�æª.øºœÆ,��łœØ� �æªØa��.�� �Ø�غ���ØÆ�œ,� �������ºł��Æ�.
��Æ(ºœÆ,�æª�’�� ª� �Øł�Ø.ºØØł�Ø,� º���ª ,�ºł��Æ�,ø� ��º��Ø�ÆØł��.�æª�’�� ª� ,� �º��Ø ,�Æ�Ø ��ª��æª.� ���Ø �����,�Æ���� ��Ø�,�Øł���Ø�,�� �œ�œ�,��ºœ.�Øł�Ø,�º��Ø ø��Ł�,�º��Ø �ºł��Æ�.ºªØ��غ��Ææª�ª ,ø���ºł��Æ�.�ª�œ�Æ�ØÆ�Ø ,�ø ø�º��Æ�ØÆ�Ø .
R[PF[NHMZGR[PF[NRYCFVZ[\\HZKT
Ł(�Øø�ºØœ�łØ,��ª�,�Øø���łœœ�Ø��Ø�ªœ�ºł.�łØ��ª�ø��Æ"���ł��ŁØ��� ���ºł���Æ�,�œ���ł,�Øø���łœœ�Ø��Ø�ªœ�ºł.� º�,���łØºØ ���łœ��Æ"�.���ª�Øø��Æ"��Æ�Ø�ÆØ�ŁØ��ø��ºłÆØ�ŁØ��ø���Æ�,�ø ø�Æ�Ø�Æ�,��ł�Ø�,� œ�Ø��ºł���Æ�.
�’øœ�Ø Æ�ª ,��Æ"�,�ÆØ,�Ø�.ø�ÆØ�œ���Æ�øÆ,�Ø���ª øÆ,��Æ"��œ���ø��.� �ŁØ���Ø��ºł,�œ���Æ"��ø��ø��ºł.� ��Æ�,�œ���Æ"��ø��ø���Æ�.����,øÆ��ø�Øø���łØ�œ�Ø��,ª���ØØœ��ŁØ��Ææ����ºł,� ��Æ"���ø��Æ�
�ø��ø��ºł.�Æ����ø��Æ"��Æ�Ø�aŁØ��,ø�Ø�
ł�Ø���ø��ø��ºł�ø���Æ�,��øÆœ���ł�ø���Æ"�.ø� ���Æ�Ø�Æ��,��ø���ø��ø��ºł,���ØØœ����łœ�ŁØ����Øœ�ºł.����,øÆ’����łØ �Ø� æœłØ ���œ��.
Ø(Ø�ª��ºł.ºØºØ�ø��łœØ�ªœ,ø�ºœÆ��łºØœ�łØØ�ª�,���Æ�ØłØ�œ�Ø�ªÆł.�Ø��łØŒ��ł,�Øø�ºØœ�łØ�ª��ºł.��,ºØœ�łØØ�ª�?
�Øø�,�Ø ø��łØ��œÆł�ªØ øØ�ªœ,�Ø��Ø��Æ�Ø�,�����ªø��,� Ø�Ø��ºł.�º�ºœÆ,�Øø�ºØœ�łØØ�ª��ºł.
NHMG\NCRKOVZ[\GK[C
�æ�(����Øø�ª æ�Æœł�Ø �Ø��,��ł�ØØ��ªÆÆ�Ø� ,ø�Ø���تÆ�Ø ,�Ø���� ��غ�æ���Ø�œø���Æ"�.Æ�ł��Ø ,� ��ØØ�
���º�æÆ,�Ø��Æ�ł.ºØ�Æ�ł���ł��ª��.�Øø�Ø��Æ�Ø ª��ø���łøÆ���º�æÆ,ø�Ø���Æ.
184|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
� �(a�����øœ��ØŒ.���Ø��łØŒ��ł��œ��,ºØØ�ª�º��øÆŁØ �ØØªØ �œ��.���Ø�ł�ªÆłø��ł�,��� �ł,�ø ø�ł�����łŒ,ºªØø�ªÆłØœœ��...
����Øø���ł�Øœ����ª ,���łØª��œ�øłø����Ø,�º��� ����łª���łØ,ºØ�تØ�Æ�Ø ,øº���ª
��ت,�ø�łº���ªªÆ�Æøłø����Ø,ºØº�Æ�����������Æ.Æ������º��ª º�ŁÆœ��œÆøłøłœ��ØØ ,��œ�Ø����ª �ł�ø���øºœª�œ�ØØœ��œØ ,����Øœ,Æ�Ø��æ�.º�ªø����æ���ª ø�ø�œ��ØØ ,ºØ��Ø���łØÆ�,�Ø���Øœ���œ�Øø �Øłª�����Øœ.ºª�ت��.
��(������œ�’Æ�Ø ,���łł��ØØ ø���ø��,º�øºœÆ�ØØœ���ø�ª�Ø�łł�Æ�łł��ØØ ,ø��Æ�Ø�œ� �Æ�.����ł��ºœÆ����.�Ø��º�
��ÆØ��œ��ª Æ���œ�’��?Æ�Ø .�Æ�Ø ��ºØ �œ����œ�’.�º�,�øłØ��ª ø�º��Æ�Ø ,øØ��ª�œ ªłºØ�œł�.
���œ�����
TNP[MCKCNKNG\VZ[\\HZKT
(��øºÆØÆ�Ø�œÆØ�øœØ�œø��Æ���øØ.º�æœØøł����ł����Ø��Æ"�,ÆØ�ø��������œ,�ø ø�Ø�ØøÆœÆØ�ø�ł��Ø Æ�Ø�,øºÆœ��ł.�ø�Ø�øºÆœÆ�łı��łœ,�Ł���,��ł�,��øºÆØ��Ø�Æ�øœ,ø��ØøºÆœÆ��œ,���œ�º���Ø�œ.�º�,ÆØ�øœØ�œø��Æ���øØ,øØ�Ø��Ø����.
Æ(ÆØ�øœØ�����œØ.ºØ�Ø�ªłº���ª�ÆØ,���ł�Æ�غ���Æ��œ.
�ł�œØ����Ø.ºØØøÆœØÆØ��Ø ��łØ .���Ø� ø�Ø ,���ł�Æ�Ø,øºœÆ,�ø� �����Ø .
�(��øºÆØÆ�Ø�œ.��ł�º�æœØøł��,�øºØ��,��øºÆØ�œł�œØ���Ø,øÆØ�øœØ:øØ�ª��Ø�ø���œØ,��ø���,�ÆłŒ�œØ,��Ø�Ø�,Æø���ø���,������Ø.ø��Ø����Œ,�Øł���Ø�, º�æœØøł��,ØłøØ º���ªØ�Ø Øłøœ�����ªø�,��Ø��Ø�Ø ,º��Æłºœ����œÆ� .
DNG\F[MKRFVZ[\GKYZB
ø�ª(ÆØ ø��łÆÆØœ���ªø��Ł�,Øøł����ºÆ��œ,łØ�ØØ ���ł تØ� �øłœ���ł,º�æœØøł��,
�øºØ��,��łø��ÆØœ���Œ��ºœÆ��œ��łØ� ,���Æø�øØłª��øºØ��,��ł�,��Œœ�Ø���ƺ��ªØłœØ,ÆØœ���ªø,
185 | ���œ�����
�Æ�ØØ,Øøł��,�Æ�Ø,�Øł���Ø�,ø�œł������.ºøØłª�,ł�œ������łÆ,º��ª �æØªØ �ø�ŒÆœº,�غ���ªø�ÆØœ�øł�Æ�ø.
ø��(���łØ�����ÆƺØ,�œł�ø��Ø�Ø �œ�œ�Ø ,��Ø�������,ª��� ø���Œ,�Øł���Ø�,øł�Æ.ł�����Œ����Øł�œ�� �œ�Æ�.ªøØłªº���ªªØ º�����œ���ºØ �����,���ØÆ��œ���Ø �� .º�øºœÆ,��Æł���ø�,��Øƺ؜�łłØ ,ł���ƺ��Æ�Ø�,�Ø�����Ø�� �Æ�Ø�,ºØ���ØÆ���� œ���Ø .ºØ�Ø��,���ø ø���Œ��ªø������������Æœº�.
ø��(ł���ƺ��Æ�Ø�.�Ø��łØŒ��ł,ø�øºØ���ƺ��Æ�Ø�.ł���Ø�º�æœØøł��,�øºØ��,�øœØ�Æ,�øœ�Øł���Ø�,øºœÆ,Ø��ÆØ�Æ�œł��.ºœÆ,ł���ł�.ºœÆ,�øØÆØ�łœ
�ÆØœ� �Æ�Ø ø���.øº����ºœÆØ æÆÆØ ��øºØ��.
ø��(�Øłø��ł:ºØ�Ø��,�Øłø�Ø�,�Ø��ª�ÆÆØœ������Ø.�Ø��,ºØ��Æ"��æœ�������œł�����º�.�Ø��,ø�Ø���Æ�Ø�.�Ø��,øø�,�øºØ��,�Ø�ø���ª�,���Æ��œ.
ø��(��Ø���� �œ�Ø���øºØ������œ?�ÆØœ���ªø,øø �ØØœ�øł�.��łºŒ�ØØœ��æÆÆœº��łıØøł��.��łºŒ,ºøØ�������łı,�ª�œŒ��ªÆł,ØøÆ�ø �’Ø�Ø .�ÆØ������,����œ,�œøÆØ �ÆØœ���Œ,�Øłø�Ø ,�ł���Ø�,�غ�ØøÆ�ƪª.
ø�Ł(�����Øøł����łı����łÆÆØœ���ªø,ªøØøł��º� �����ØØÆØ ���Ø���Œ,ªø���Ø�Ø�� �����ØØÆØ œ�Ø��.º�øºœÆ,nØ��øłØE�œØ ªłŒ�ł�œØEa�e.ºØ�øł�øØ� ��ºÆłø,º�� ��øŒ��łØ� .
BZCTDNGKG\VZ[\MK\XB
æ�(ª’��Øœ�Ø.�’º��ª�’��Ø�œø�����.��’,œ�,�Øł�,��Ø��Øł��ø�����.�Æ’,Æ�,�Æ�Ø ����Ø ,æ�Ø ���Ø ,øÆ�Ø��ø���æ��� º���æ�Ø ,���Ø Æ� ,���Ø��Ø ø�œł�.�ø ����ł�Ø �Æ�Ø ����œ,�ø ø���Ø��Ø �Ø .��Ø����’�Ø���Ø��ª��ø�����,��œ�’��Ł��.���øŒ.��œ�ª’�Ø�œ� łÆ�,���ø�����,�øŒ���Øœ� .
æª(��Ø��ª’,œ� ,��ł�œÆłø���ø��øł.º�øºœÆÆØæ�,ƺłøł�ªł�.º�øºœÆ,Øø�غ�œ�Æł�,��Æ�ł�ø����Ø��.�ÆłłØ����ºłø����Ø��.łØ�Æ�Øœł�,���ł�œ�Ø .
�Æ���øØ �łÆØ ØøÆ.����œłÆØØœ,ø�Ø�łØ�Æ�Øœł�,ªłø�łøØ �����øØ �łÆØ ,ø� ł��Ø º��øØ �łÆØ ,�ø ø�łªÆłØ�º�Ø ª�Ø ªØ�ø�ł.�Ø� ���ł,�Ø�łØ��ł�ø.
æ�(Ø��º�º�Øł��ºØ�Ø��Øø�Øøł��,Æ���łøØ øÆ�œªł,���ø� łÆłÆ.��Ø�Ø�Ææ����œ.�ø ����ıø��������ƪœ� łÆ�,
ø����œłÆØØœ.�ø�,�œ�Øłªœø��,œ� ����œÆ�Ø�Œ��œØœ,�Ø��œ����Øœ,�Øœ�ªœ.�łØ�Æ�łł���������Ø�œ��Ø ���ł�Ø ,øº� ØłªÆøÆØ��Æœ� ,Æ��œ�ª’,��ł�Œ.
186|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
CZIEGEKGEPFNLNXCKVZ[\[PG\
ł��(Æł�ªªØª���Œ��ÆØ���ł��ØØ�Ø .º���øœ��œø�øœ��Øøł������Æ"�,��œ�œ ø�Øøł��,øØ�Ø���Æ"�����Œ���œł��,���Æł�º�ÆØ�º�ł��ØØ�Ø .
ł��(�Ø��Ø�Æ� ø�º���ÆØ��ł��ØØ�Ø ,øÆ���ø��Æł�,��Œ�Ł�Ł���Øł�œł�ø��� øØ�����.�� œ�ت,�����Øł�œł�ø���łØ.ºŒ��łØøł��,łØÆ�ø�� ,
� ���ł�Ø øœæœ���ÆØ�Ø�,Ø�Øł��øœÆł�º���ÆØ�º��ł��ØØ�Ø .ø��Æł����Øł�œł�ø��� ø�Æ�œ,��� ø�Ø�Æ��ª �ÆÆł��ø .
��øºœÆ,��� ��œÆ�Øœ Æ�łı�ØÆØ� ,����æœØ ����œØ �º�œ ���łÆłØœØ�Øœ .ªÆł��ł.��ÆØØø�ÆØ���œ,���łœ���ł.ºŒ��łØøł������Æ"�,ø�º���ÆØ,ºØ�����Ø� ��ØØø�ø�łØøł��.
GR\\KP[MRKC\GMMOVZ[\CIGYG\K
�(�œœØ�øº�ØÆœºº .�øº�Ø,�øºØ��.�øº�Ø,��øº�ø�Ø,�øºØ��,�œ�øº��Æ�œØ� ø�Øøł��,ºØ��ºœ�� Æ��œ.�ø���ª ø�Ø���Æ�œ�Æł.��ł�,ª�ØÆ��Æ��Ø��øØø�Ø��ØŒ��Øł���ªł�Œ.��ł�Æł,�ØŒ�ªøœªł���Ø.��Œ���º���ªœÆØœ�ÆØ����,��ł,�łØ�øº�Ø���Œ,ø����łª��Œ�� .
�(ºŒ��Æ"�ł���ªłÆØøł��.������ª�ø�,�øºØ��,�łØª��Øøł��.��ł�� ,Øøł��,�łØ��øº�ø�Ø���º ,ºªØø����łª�º �� .����Øø��Æ"��œł�����,��øº��ÆÆتØ�,ºØ�øºØ����Æ��œ,��ø�łØ �œ���ª�ø�,ºø��ØÆ�ø�œ��øº�ø�,ØÆ��ªł����.�ø ��ºœÆ,�œœØ�øº�ØÆœºº .�øº��œ�Æتº ,ºªØ
ø�ªł�º .����ØøØøł��œ�Æ��œ,��øº�ø���Æ"���� ,���Æ�œ�� .
�Æ(��œ�����øØ�œº .ƪ����ª ���Æ�œ�Æł,ł���ªł�.��ø�,�Ł��ØŁœ�ÆØ���ÆØœ.��ł,�łØ�ØŁœØÆÆØœŒ,ºªØø���œł����Œ,��ØŁœŒ,�º�ØŒ.ºŒ��ł��Æ"�,�œœØ�øº�ØÆœºº ��œ����øØ�œº ,�łØ�ØŁœØ,�øºØ��,ÆÆØœº .ºØ�ø�ØŁœØ�º ,œªø����łª�º .�ø ��,��œ����øØ�œº ,ø���œł���º .
��(�œ��ºœØÆœºº �ØØœØ�º ����Ø .ºØ�ø��øº�ø�Ø���º ,œªÆª�Øø��Ø��Œ�º ,º�øºœÆ,ºØ�’���ØŒ�œ��ŒÆ�łÆ���E���Ø�Œ�œœ�ØÆØŒ���ØŒ,�Ø����Œ�ªø.
P[LFDNG\VZ[\MK\[B
º(��ł�Ø º�ł�Ø �ØÆłØ�� ,º��ł���œ,ø���œ��øŒªÆ�ªª
187 | ���œ�����
��Æ�.ºŒ��,�Æ���ø�øØøł��ØæÆ���œ���,��º����ÆŁ�œ
ø�ÆŁØ��œ ��Æ"�.ø�º�æØ �Ɯغ�æ؜ƜØ�ªłøœł�Ø º�������œøÆæ�łØ ��ªøØ ,ø��Ø Æ�Æ �æÆ�º���øÆ��Ø� .��������Øغ�Ø �æÆ�.
ºÆ(�º�œ�ØÆœøÆ�.�Ø� øغ�Ø œ���œłłÆœøÆ�º� Ø�ª,�ø øºœÆ,�Ø�ºØØÆ��ØŒº��ªÆłØ ����.ºœÆ,��øÆ�œ���Æƌƺ���Ø �øł�cØ�E.ºœÆ,øÆœª�’���ØŒ.��,� Ø�Ø��ت�ŒÆ����ø�Ø ,�ø Ø�Æ�Œ.Łł øº����ªÆłØ �œ�ØØ�Ø ,�Ø� غ�Ø ��œłł�� ÆœøÆ�.
º�(º��æœ�œº�ªłºØ øÆØ�Ø �º�Æ�Ø���œ,�����œ�� �œ����.ºØ��
Øœ���ÆœøÆ�ƺ�ªłªł,��ØæÆ����œ,��ØÆ�øøºł,Ø���ªØ�Ø�œł�,ØœłÆÆø�ł��Ø .
ºª(º��ł�œ�łØÆ��ªœœ�Ø�œ��Æ�Æ�Ø�.º��ł�,ºØªłº�ø��Æłœ,øØÆł�Ø�œø��ªøØ ø��Ø .ØøÆ� º��º��,ø��Æł�Ø�,���Ø ��ª�ø�ØØ ��ªø�œøØØ.º���ØłØ �Æ�Ø ø���Æłœ� ÆœøØØ. º���,����Øø��Æł�Ø����Ø ��ª��ªø�œøØØ,��øÆ��º�Ø�Æłº��ªø�œøØØÆø��œ.
��ºŒØøł��,ºØ�øŁ�Ł ��œ,� Ø��łÆœøÆ�,��øÆ�� º�Ø�Æł�Ø� º���łœ�ºœÆØ Æœł�.º�øº�,øº��ØØæłØ Æł�Ø� ����ø�œ�Ø����œ.
aT]v@dBIK[RFVZ[\GKZB
œ�ª(º��Øø����Ø�øŒÆ��œª�œ����?��º�œ����Æ"��œ�����,� ØøÆÆœøÆ�,ÆØ�� Ø�º�����ÆØ�� ��Ø�º�����,�تØ
œøÆ����ØøœøÆ�.º�øºœÆ,��Ø�’a�zd��Ø�øp�.�º,� ØøœøÆ�,��Øø��.���º,ø��ØøœøÆ�,Æœ�.
P[NFPNLGFPNMFVZ[\GKYZB
�(ƺ����Øœø��Øøł��,�º� ø�¨ ����ı,ƺ� �ØØøł��øÆØ ���Æ"�,Æœ�œØøł��,���ºœ,�ØØœ���łœ�����,Æ���ø��ł�Ø�.œ�Æ��œ���ł��Ø�º�.ºØ�Ø���œ��łºŒºÆ���Ø ø���Øœ���łœ.��ł������ªºŒ,øºœÆ,������œæØ�� Æœ�œØøł��.��ºœÆ,�������æØ����Ø��.
Ł(�ø����Œøºæ����º�,�ø�غ���غ������ت.ºø��Ø���
���,�ت�ØØœ�Æ�����º���ł����Ø���Œ.º��Ø�� ��œ,øœØØ ,ø�ø��Ø .Æ� ���ł��,�œł�����غ����Œ,�ø�ØŒ�œ����Œ��غ������łŒ.��ł���Œ,� ���œ�Ø��ºø�ł��Ø ,ø�Ø�œÆ�ºŒ���ØØ,�����Ø��Œ º�Æ�Ø�غ�Ø,�Æ�ø�œ�.
(ºø��Ø��Ø�,ł���œ�ø�ØØœ�øºÆœ���ł.�Øł��ºÆª���º�Æ������,�Æ�øœø����Œ��ª�,ªø���
188|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
�œ����ŒÆتØ,��Ø �œ�,�ÆØ����غ�,�øÆ��,ø��ØØ�łª����ª�� ,��Øœł������.
(ºŒ��Æ"�,ƺ�� øº�æœ
Øøł���ØØœ�Æ��œ,ºø��Ø����,�Ø�Æ����ł����Ø���Œ.œ�Æ��œ����Ø�º�,�����Æ"�Ø���ÆتØ�,Ø�Ø �œ�,Øœł����Ø�,ØøØÆ�œ���غ�.
MPKE\FMKSGKMQPKE\FDKNGKVZ[\GKZB
œ��(º�ªÆłø��æœ ,������º�æœ ,��ØÆ��Øø������Ø�����ø��æœ .
��ª �Æł�ƺ�łø��œ.º�øºœÆ,Øł�ł�,�ª Øe�ª.º�º�ØøÆ��,��øØ ��تœ�º�øº����øÆ�,�ø�øØ �ł�ł��æØœº��Ø .��º���تÆ�ÆØœÆłŒ,�Ø��’ØœÆłŒÆł��º�Ø ��łØ Æ��� ,øØ�غª�ØØ ł�ØØ ��Æ�Æœº ø��ł��Ø����Ø��ت�,����œ �º�Ø �ø��Ø øœø�Øø ªœ��Ø�ł�œÆ,�œ��ºØ �øØ �º�Ø�Æ���º�� łŒ����Ø.
��ª,���º�º�Øø�æł�œØ�Ø�ª�Ø ÆØœł,�øœ���øÆØ ÆØœł.º��łø�تœ�Ø�Ø �ª��ÆØœł.ªø� �Ø���Ø��º�ØÆ��Æ�Øø �Øæł�,�ø��œ�º�ªÆł�Øœłø�Ø��ø�ø�º� .ª���º�Øı�łæ,øºº�ø�æł�,��Ø�œ,�ª�Øœł,º��تœ
�ØÆ��øØÆœ�ª��Øœł.º������ º�Æ��œ��Ø�Ø ,
ø�Ø�ø �Ø�Ø�ø��� ,����تØÆ�Ø�œæœ�œ.��ØøØł�æœØ�œøÆ�ªł��,º�øØł��Ø�ØØ øÆ�,ø�ø�œ�� .� �Ø�Æ�æœØ��,��œº���ø�غ� .
���’ø�ø �Ø�,ø���Øł���Ø�,ø���Ø�ø�� œ�تÆ�æªØ �ºæØ ���Ø ���łœ�º��.�º����ت���œ�����ø���,’Ø�Ø ��.ºØ��ØøØł�æœØ���ºØæØøÆ,º�Ø�Ø��œØª�تœ�Ø�Ø.�’œœ��ª�Ø"�,���Æ�,øÆ���æªØ �œ��Ø ,º�Æ�Ø�œ�Ø�Ø�º��øÆ��œ,ł�����Æ��.��Øø�Ø�Æ�æœØ��,�º���œº����œ��ø��æœ ,�����.����ØøØøæœØ�œ� a��Æ��ı���, º����Ø���æ�Ø�œ��Ø�Ø��ª����ø������ø���,ºØ��Ø�ª���Ø�غ��ºł���Øœ�تœ�æœØ��.
FIG[L[NVRKFDBGNFHGFZIE[,CZB[K\
ø�(ƪø�Ø��ºØ ,ł�ø��øØŒ�ø�ł,��łºŒ��Øł��ł.��łłÆØ���Ø��łÆØØæØ,Æ��ł���Œ,øºŒ�Ø����œ ø�Øøł��:Æø�øØ�Øł�� ø�ø�����,œÆ��� �ł���ł�ł�,�øºœ��ł�øºœ.ƪø��,Ø�Øł�Ø� ��łø���Æ"�.ø���ł,ºø�ł�º����.
ºœÆ,�ł���º Øł�Øø�Øø�ø�ª���ł��ƺ��Ø�.
øŁ(Æ������œœłł������œÆ� ,�ØÆ�Ø,ØłÆØł,�łœłÆœœœ�ªø���ø��Ø� ø�Øøł��,ªøØø�Øł��Ø� ºø�Ø�ªł�.��łºŒœœ����Ø� ���œ ,�œŒø��œ��� ª�� .
189 | ���œ�����
CK\NIOVZ[\GKIK
�(�����ł�ø ��� ��ªøø���� ����� ,ø�ºœÆ��ł,��łœ�Ø�ÆØœ�� ?�ø ø���ø�ø���Æ"�,ºØØ�œø Æ������ø�,Ø"ª�ºæØ��������’Æ���,ø�Øłø,øØ�œø ,ºªØ
��ø�Ø �œ�ø Ø"�.ºØ�Ø��ø ø� Æ�Ø�,ªøØ����ºł���,�º�����������ø�Ø �œ�ø Ø"� "�.�º���ł���� �� ,��ø������,ºØ�� Æ��œ,�ø ø��Æ���ø�Ø �œø�ø���Æ"�.
CTHZ\FHGFZRXBPFDNG\VZ[\R[B
Ł(ºØ���Øø���æœØøł��Æ�������ł��.º�øºœÆ,ØœÆłłØœ�Æ�Ø�ł�łÆØ ,ø� ��ª�ŁÆ,�ªØ Æ�ØæØ�.�łøØłøØ ,��ª�ł.Øœ�ØØ Æ� ,���ª�œØøł����ØÆ�,�ł��œ .
�(��,��øºØ�Ø ØÆØ�.ºØ� ��ª
�ÆØ��,ı��ØØ ,ÆøÆØ� ���ł,��øºØ�Ø Ø��Øłº��ł�ł�Ø,Æ�ØÆł���ø�E,łÆØø��Æ�Ø��Ø,æ�ł���ł,���łø��Ø��Ø���,ø��ł�œœøÆ�,�����łØºØ �ØæØ�.�ø øœØªØ Øøł���Ł �ı��ØØ ,ø��æ�ł���ł,Ø��Æ�����œÆł��Ø ,Øœ�ØØ Æ� .
ŁÆ�
MEGZFBZWTDGNHGFZIE[,CZB[K\
œłØŁ(�� ����ººªł���.ºø�ø�øØ�����ł�,��ŒÆØ��ªø��Ø�œ�œ��łı.���ø�łÆ.Æ�œ�ø���ŒØłªÆ����Ø ø��ªł�œØªœ,Øłª��æaƺ���łıº��ØØøÆ.
œłº(ºø�ø�øØłª�œºæ����,��øŒ��,��Øł��œ �ØøÆØ �œ�œØ�,��œ ø� �Æł�ø�Øø���łı,�œ�œ�ł��Ø�.º���Œ��øŒ��ª��ª,��Øł��ª�ø�Øø�œ�œØ,��Ø�ØØøÆ�Ø��
ø���łı,æÆØÆæÆØÆ.œłº(º��,��Œ�łØłª�ƪØ�
ÆØ���Ø ø�œ�œ�Ø��ØØ�æ,ÆØ���Ø ���ºØ ����.�ƪØ�Æ����Ø�Ø�Ø ,�ºÆ�Ø�łø��Ø �Ø����Ø�Ø� ,ø��ØÆł���Ø��Æ�Ø�ª .��غŒ����ł��ø�ø,�����ø�øÆ�Ø�ª ,ø�ø ������ł�ø�ø.º��ł�ø�ø,��ø�ø�œ�º�.
� �ł�ø�ø���Ø�ł�ı��ÆØ ��ØØ�æ,�Ø�øł��ª�Ø��œº��� .
190|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
[KRGKKFBGGKZVZ[\GKYZB
��(º��ØØøÆ�œ����ÆØ��ººªł,����Ł�������.�ÆłØœø��ºªł�æÆØÆ,����Ø ��º��ª��,
�’)7(���Ø øƺªł� �’�ł�œ.º����ÆłØœøÆøø�ł�œ���ø�œÆ�ł�Ø��,��Ø�øØ�ØøÆ�ØłøØøƺ��� �� .
FBZWZGT[\VZ[\[PG\
ø�(łÆØØ�����Æ�łł���Øø��ªø�Ø�Øø�œ�œ��Ø��.ØøÆø łÆØØ���.ƪø�Ø�ØøÆ,ł����łıø�œ�ªªœ,�œ�Ø���øÆł���,ł��Æ�Ø �łØ Æ�łı,��łı�ØØœ���Øłªœ.
ø�(�ł�œ��Øø,����œłÆØ
Ø���,��ł�,Ø�ªØØ�ªØ,ƺ��� ,ºØœ���Ø�Ø Æł�Øøł��ª,����,�ø��Ø�,��œØª�øœ�º ł�łÆ�.łø��ø���łı�Ø�ÆøÆØ�º .ºØº����ø��łıłøœ,��Æœø� ����Æł�Ø,øØø��º ł�.
M[CRKBEOP[IK\KOEZMOVZ[\RI
�Ł(����ø�œ���łı?ºØ��łıÆœ�øØ��Ø�?�ø ºØ�ø�Øœº�Æøł�œªłº.Æø�øÆ�Ø�ª � �ªØ�Ø ,ø�łØ ��œ�œł�,����łı�œ���œº��ª�����œÆ�,�ø ø�øºØ��øł����łı.����Ø�Ø �œ�œ�Ø º� � Æ�ª�.
�(ºøÆ�Ø�ª �ø�ØœØ ªłº �Ø� ø�łØ ��œ�œł�,�Ł�Ø ���ØłØÆ� ,��,ºÆغ�,ª�Ø �œ�øºØ����� ,��łı�ø�łœ�ø�œœ,ø�łØ�øºØ���ª�Øœ�����Ø��øł��Ø�,���ø�œœ,�ø øł���łøł��Ø���ø�Øœ�� .
EGZFPCGNVZ[\RI
��(���Ø��ª���Æ"��œ�� ,�œªł��Æ�Æ�Ø ,��Æ�ø��ÆªÆł��ł?ºØ� �ø�Øœªłº ,Æ��ø�Ø �Ø�Ø �Ø œ�œ�Ø ���œ�Æł�ºł��Æ�ºł�Ø.ºØº��Øø�ø�Øœªłº,���ø�Øœ�Ø �ºłØ ��Æœ.º��ł,ø�� Æ�"ª�"���Ø�Ø ,�ł ø��Øœ�Æł.�º��ª�
Æ�Ø .Æ��ø� �Ł�.�Ł(��Ø �Øłœ�Ø ,��øØŁ�ł
�� ,º�ø�ø�Øœªłº Æ�Ø łœ�Ø .ªØ�º��ªªØ�,ø��ł�� �ت�º��ª�ت�.�Æ�º��ØØ�œœ� łÆ�,���Ø œ�œ�Ø .�łÆœ�ø�Ø ��œ�,���Ø �Ø�Ø ,�łØø���تØ�Ø �Ø�Ø œ�œ�Ø .
191 | �ŁÆ�
FMGMCKOVZ[\VRIS
øª(ººÆØ�øłÆØŁ,�ººÆØ ø��øŒ���łØ� øłÆØŁø��ł,øł�Ø ��ºØ ,���� �ł��Ø ?
ø�(��Æ"�Æł�º���ººÆØł�Ø�ª�Ø �Ł�Ø ,º� �ªØ �øÆ�Ø ���Æ"�.ºø��Ø��� �øÆ�,�ł��œ ��Æ"�Æø .øºœÆ,�º� Æø Ø�ł�.��ł�Ø �øØŁØ øłÆØŁø��ł,��ºœ�øÆ���ª� Æ�œ��� ø�æ�ł.��øºœÆø��ł Ø�غ ł�,�ØÆł����.
º���ªł�œ�����œÆ�"ł)�’ł�ø�œ(��ł�œººÆØ ,�ººÆØø�Ø .�Ø��øł���øØŒ��łœ�º���� ,
��º���æ�ł�øÆ�������Ł�.���ÆŁ���ø�Ø��æ�ł�œ�ººÆØ ,� œº��æ�ł�œ .��� ,��Æ"�Æ������Æ� Æ��� �æ�ł�øÆ�,ø����łœ��º��,���ø��ØłØ ��Ł�����.������æ�ł�ººÆØ .ºØ��Æ"�Æ������æ�ł,�º� Æø Ø�ł�,ºØ�ø ���ø��.ºØ��ø�Ø����øØ�Ø ,�Ø����ł�Ø Æø .Æœ��Ø�ø��Æ"���Æı�œ ���œÆ� ��æ�ł,������łÆ��ł� ���ØłØ �ł��ł��Ł�����,��Æ��º�øłÆØŁ.�Ø� �ł��Ø Æ�łıººÆØ�øłÆØŁ.
VGNIQF[P[VZ[\MK\[B
�(ºø��Øł��Ø���ł�,º���Æ�Ø���ł�,ø��łØ��ł,�øœ�Ø ��łø��ØłÆ�� �ø�ø,�Łł øØ�����Ø��łı,ÆªØ ��Ø.ºØ��łøØ���ø�ø,º��� øÆªØ �ø�ø?��� �ÆªØ ��ł��ø���łœ�ø�ł,�ł�Ø ��ł���,���Ø ø���ł��Øœ���Øł�.�øÆ�ø�� �Ø�Æ���Ø ø��ł��Øœ���Øł�.
�(� œ��ł,øƪ����Æ�Ø� .�łØ�Ø�Ø œØ�Ø ł�ø�Ø ,ت�º��,Æ���ø�ø�ø��Øł,�Łł øØ�����Ø��łı,ø���������ø���ª��ø�øØ��,�œØœ�ªøœø�ø ��Ø�
��ªøłø�œ�ł�ø.ƺ�����œØœ���œ�º����Ø�ø�Ø ,�º�Æ� ,Æł.��������º�朌��ł���,���ØłæÆØÆ�ø�ø�Łł øØ��,����ø ªøØ���ø�ø�œ�øŁÆ� .
Ł(�����������ت���Æ��ł��Øœ�ª�œ.� ÆªØ ��œ���ł�,�øłÆœŒ�ł�ø�ø,ø�������,Æ��ªœÆæØ��Ø ,øØłø�ł�ø�Ø �Ø�Ø �ª��Ø ,��ºØ ØªØ ��ªœ�ø�ø,�������œ���Æ��ł��Øœ.ª�œØØ�Øƪœ�łÆœ��Æ� .�łØø�ł�Ø���ªØ �æ�Œ�Ø� ��œ�ØØ .
TKRKG[NFBEOVZ[\GKIK
ø�(Ø�Øø���ª �ł���� �ł��Æ��,º�,º���ÆØ � �æÆÆØ Æ��.�Æ��Æ�øÆ����º�Ø ��ØØ�æ
��ª�,�æÆÆ�œ�� �º���ªªØ .�Æ���łøÆ��,��º��ØÆø�ø��Ø���Ø ,�ØÆø��ªœÆØ���Ø ,º����Æ���
192|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
�ªÆØ��Ø ,ÆœŒ�Æ��Æ�,�ł��œ��Ø��ØØ�æ.
ø�Æ(�Æ���ł�ø�ØøØ��Æ����Ø�,��Øłø�Ø ,ø�Ø������ .�ÆłÆØØøÆØ�,ø º��ł�ØØ�øƺ��Ø�,�ø�łøÆØ�.��ł�,ÆœØ�,øÆÆœ
Ø�����ł����ł��.�ł���Ø�ł�º����Ø�,ø�Ø���ª�����Øœ�º�,��ł��ø�º��� �ł��ø .ø �øºØ��øł�,ø�Ø��Ø�Øø�º��ł��ø�º�.
BEO=TGNOYJQVZ[\NLNL
ø�(º���ª�Ø � �øØø���Æ"�.ºØ����œ��Øłø���ª ��º����œ
�Øłø��� .º��ł,ø��ª º��Æœºº��ø��� ,��ł�� �Ł�.
����
FYC"FPHGGDHKGGDKOVZ[\NLNL
ø��(ƺ���ø�œ�œØªœ�Æ�Æ� ,º�����Ø�Ø �Ø�Ø ���Ø.øº���œ����œ��ºł��Æ�.ºøÆ�Ø �� ���,��Æ"�����Ø�Ø ,º�øºœÆ,Æœ���Ø����Ø.
ø��(�����º��,Æ��ø���łø��Æ"���ł,Æœ���Ø����Ø?�łØºœÆ,�Ø�º��ªøœ�œ�ø�ø.����º�ºÆł�ø�Æ�ø�Æł�øØœ.�ØØœº�,øØ�Ø�ØØ���Ø�Ø ªÆł�ªøƺ��Ø�,ø�łØŒ��ºłØ�Æœ���Ø����Ø?����Ø�º��ªøœ�œ�ø�ø,ºœÆ.��ø�Ø�º�������ø�øØø�ªø.����ºłØ�º��,��łÆœ���Ø����Ø,�łØ���ł,øÆ�œ�ø�ø��ª ��ª�� ,��ª��œ�Æœ��?
ø��(�øłØ� ��ªØ�Ø ,ø�ø�œØ� �œŁłœ���Ø���Œ��ªø�Łł øÆ�œ�� ,��œ�ÆøÆ��.Æ�œ�ø�ø��Æ"���Ø���ø�œ�� ,º����ł�œ��ø�œº� º��Ø ��ºł��Æ�,
ø�œ�ÆłØ Ø�ª.ø�Ł(��æłØ ÆتØ�œ�����,
�ø�Ø�,ø���ª�ØÆłÆ�Ø�ª ,ø��Ø��.Æø�øØłªØ �� ��æłØ ÆتØø��œ�����,� �œ�łªØ �����.���Ø ��ª��ªØ �œ�Æł,�łªœ��œ�ÆøÆÆ�Ø�ª .
ø�(ºø��Øœ��Ø�ø�� ,��Æ"�,��ºØł�œ��ºłØ ���Æœø����ł�œ��ø�œ,����Æł�œ º�ø�ØÆœ�Ø��,�Łł øÆ��� .�ºłØ��Ø� ,Æœ���Ø����Ø.ºø�œ�ÆłØ ,�øø�Ø� ����ª�ø����œ.� Ø�Ø�ø���ºł�Ø.ø��ºł�Ø�Ø�ø������ø��,���Æ�����ø����� .�ø ���Ø�º��ªøœ�œ�ø�ø,ø����Ø
ø��Æ"��ºłØ�Æœ���Ø����Ø, º����Ø����تø,������ł����ø�Ø��ª øÆ��� .ºØ�ø�Ø���ت������Æ"�,�º��ºłØ��Ø� .
193 | ���
ø�(�łØ��ªØ ,ø�Ø����Ø ��ª �����Ø�øتłºØ?ª�Ø,� �øØØøłØ ,���º���œ�Æł�Æœ��,º�
ø�Ø��ÆłØ �œ��œ ���Æ"�,�Łł ø�œ�ÆøÆ��.
ø�Æ(�Øø�øØØøłØ ,Æ�Ø���� ØÆ�ø�œÆœ��?ºœÆ,�� Ø�ºł�ª º���øØø�,ØØø�Æœœ��ت�º .ºØ�œ��ت�º ,��Ø�ª�ø�łØÆ����ªÆت,ª�ØØ������Æœ��.
ø��(º�����ø�œ�Æ�œÆ������ø�œ,�Ø��� Æœ��,غ�Ø ���ªØ Æł��Ø �œ��Ø�ø�� ,øØ�ªØ�ØØŁ�Æœ��ø��ª ��ł.����Øł��ÆłØ ��ł,�Ø��ø�Ø �øØ Æ�ª,�Æ���ªøØ ,ø��Ø�ªØ����łÆł��Ø .�ªØ���ł���ł,ºØ�œ������ø�Ø��Æœ��,���ø øØłª�ø��Æ�Ø�œ��łØØ ,��Æ��Æ���Æ�Ø�œ��Æ�.�º��Ø��Æœ��.�º���ł����������Æø ��ł,��łœø��Æ����łØØ .�º����Æ,øØØŁ�Æœ��ø��Æł.
�º��øØ �Ø�Ø ���Ø��Æ"�.ºØ��Øø�ºł��Æ����ª�Ø ,� Æ’���Ø ø��ø����œ.�Ø�œ���Ø º�ª�Łł øÆ��� ,� º������łø�ø��Ø�
ø��ª ���Ø��Æ"�?�łØ�Ø�º�������ł����ø��ºÆł?�Æ���Ø��œÆ�ł,øØø�ø�œ�����œø�Ø��� Æœ��,�øł��ªØ�Ø �Ł�Ø Æœ��ø��Æł�ØªØł��Ø ,��łºŒ,� �Æł�º�Æ�øØ
øØ��Øł�Æœ��,�łØŒ��Æ"��ØŁ�����œœ���,���ø����Ø,�ª�œ��ª���Ø�Æł.��º�ª�Ø,ºØØøłØ ªłºØ�’.º���øø���Æ"�,��ŁÆØøł.
ø�ª(���Æ�Ø Æ������ø�œ�Ø��� Æœ��,��Ø���� ���Ø �œÆœ�� ?�łø�ø�Æ�ØÆ�Ø�Ø��ºØ����ø�œ������œ,ø�łØºØ ���ªØ Æł��Ø �ØŁ����ł�œÆœ�� .���ºœÆ,ø��Ø�ªØ����łÆł��Ø .
ø��(ª�Øø�øØ �Ø�Ø ���Ø��Æ"�,ºØ�łØŒ���œ����œœ���.�øłØ��� ø�Øøł��,ø�œł����ªœ�œ ªłºØø���Æ"�,º���æœłœ����œ����œ���Ø.
ø��(œłœ�’œ�Ø��,�ø ø�º�Æ�.�øłØ����Øøæ�Æœł��Ø���łª����,ºØº��Øø��łª�œł���Ø�ø���œ,��º�ø��łª��ØØ�� .ºœÆ,ºØ���ØØE�łŒØ�ØE.ºœÆ,�łŒØ�Ø ø�œ�ØØ ø� ØæØ��Œ.
F[\GYYG\VZ[\NLNL
ł�(�øœ��œ�ø����Æ���ºłø���ø.º�ł���øœ��œø���ºł���Æ�,ªÆ�œÆ�,��Ø���ø.�Ø�º��œ�œ���ø��øœ��œ���Æ�,���œ�œ�.�º���øœ��œø��œ�œ�,���Æ�,Æ�øœ��œø���Ø�,��ºł.�øÆ’���øœł����ªÆ�Ø�Øłª.
ł�(�����Æ�º��œ�º�.ø���œÆ’���øœ�œÆłœ���ºłÆ��.�øœ��œ
ø�ø�Ø� �œªÆ�Ø �ø��ª.�º�º���º���Æ��.º�øł��ø�œØ��œ,�ºł��Æ�º��Ø Æ��º��ª.
ł�(��łºŒ,ºØ�øØłªØ �� ,��łªœ�����,��ºł����Æ�.������Æł,������Æł.��Æ"�����œ ���łºŒ.���Øœ����œ���Ø����ł,������Æ"�Æ�ƪ,øł���ت�Ø� ,��Æł�œ ºł�Ø,øØ�Ø�ºł��Æ���ø����œ.
194|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
BIE=HKGGDF[NOVZ[\GKYZB
�(�ØŒ��Ø����ª�ł����Ø��ø� ?º�øºœÆ,ø�Øøł���’���Ø��’��ª.��ª,�º�æœØøł��,��œ��ªœÆ��Æ"�,�Øł���Ø�.��Ø�ø��ºł��Æ�
��ł���ª,ºØÆ�� ø���Æ�øł�,��ł���ª,�ø ø�ºłÆ�Ø��Æ���ł���Ø��.��Ø�Ø���ª.ºø�œ�ÆłØ Ø�ªÆ’���Ø��,�ø����ª,����ł�Ø ��ª.
YRBF,\[GYF,BFCFVZ[\RI
��ª(�œłłœ��ºł���Æ��Ø�Æœø�����œ�.øØø�ªØ�Æ� ,�Ø��øºØ���æœ��œ���,œø�œ��Ø���Ø.���œłłœ��Ø�œø����Ø��Æ��Æ�,��Øł���Ø�,ºœø�œ��ºł���Æ�Æœø�����œ�.º�øºœÆ,��Ø�œØ�œÆłØœØ�zC.ø�œłł�ÆØ�œø��Æ���Œ.º�øºœÆ,�œÆłØœØ��Ø �œØ���,ø��Æ���Ø���.º�Æ��.
����º���øŒ�� �تØ���Æ�,ÆØ��œØ��Ø ÆØ������Ø ,º�øºœÆ,��ºœÆº��ø��.ºø�ø���Ø��œ��œ,�Ø���øºœ��Ø��Øł���Ø���Æ�.ºø�ø���Ø������œ,�Ø�
��øºœ��Ø��"�)�Øł���Ø���Æ�(ªŁ���,���ł�Ø ����ł,ø���œªÆ�a��Æ�ª�Øł���Ø�,�øŒ��Ø�ø�ª�ªø�,���º��Ł�������Ø .��œ�����,ø�Øł���Ø������œ���Æ�,ø����ł��ØœªÆ�Æ�.
ºøØø�ªØ�Æ� ,���œŒ�ª��ø�œ���Æ���ø�Ø��ªØ�,�Ø��œł��œ�����ł,���Æ�ø���Øł���Ø��œ�Æłœœ�ÆØœł,���ª� �øºØ��,��ø�Ø���ªØ�,º�ø��Æœ�Æł�œ�Æłœ��øœÆœø�����œ�,���ª,ø��œæœł ��ł.ºØº��Øł���Ø��Ø����ª,ø�Ø���œœªÆ���ø�Ø�����ł.
ZIX\KB\ZDNKKHGFZIE[,CZB[K\
��(Æø�ø��Æ"��ª ���ºœ,Øøł���Ø� ºøłØ ��Øœ�œØ����Ø�,���Øł,ø�Ø� ł�Ø ���œ�"���łŒ�Ø��Øł���Ø���ºœ,ºœÆ,�øŁœØ�œkz��zØ,�غº���Æø��,ł��œØ�œł��ØØ,�غº��Łp�� .
�øŁœØ�œkz��zØ,�ØØ����ºØ�ØØ ø� ����ª,��ÆøØ ,øºø�œ�ÆłØ º� � �Æ��Ø �kz��œø���Æ"�.ºø���ª����,���ø���º���ÆøØ ºªØ��œ�Æł��.�º���ł��Æ"�,�øŁœØ
�œkz��zØ,ºªØ��œœ����Øœ�º���ŁØÆ�Œ,�œ�Ø�Œ�œ��œºł�Ø.œ�,�غº���Æø��,�ØŒ�œ�ÆøøÆÆ����ÆøØ ,ø�Ø� ��ØłØ ���Æ��łØØ �ł��,ø�تØ�����ł�æœ����Œ.
��(ł��œØ�œł��ØØ,�غº��Ł�� .�łØł��œØ�œł��ØØ�ŁØ�����.����?ºØº�øł�œ��œØ�ªœØ�Œ,�ÆłœØ�ª���ł�Ł������Øł��ØØ.œ��ØŒ���ł��øØ ŁØ��œ��Ø�,�ºæœ����ªø,���łø�œ�Ø�Œ�º��
195 | ���
ÆœØ��ØØŒ��œœ����ØØ.�º����ª�,ºøł��Ł���Æł���� ,���œ�ª��º�������Ł�.���,ł��œØ�œł��ØØ,�غº��Ł�� ,º��ª �º�.
ºøł�Ø ��ł�Ø��œ�æŁł���ł��œ���œ���ºœ,øœ�Ø�ł�Ø���Ø� �Øł���Ø�,�łØºØ �œœ��ø�æŁł���ł�,º�øºœÆ,�œœØ�œ��Ø a���ØØE,ø�œ�Ø �œ�Ø����Ø��Æ�ªø�,øÆ����Ø�Ø �œ��łºŒ���łØ.
��øºœÆ,�łØł��œØ�œł��ØØ
�ŁØ�����,º�øł�œ��œØ�ªœØ�Œ,º��łÆœø���ºœ�œœ��œ��Øœł�Ø���Ø�.�ÆłœØ�ª���ł�Ł������Øł��ØØ,�تØ��ø�œ��œ�Ø����Ø��Æ�ªø�,ø�تØ����Ø���łºŒ�ł�Ø�����łØ.œ��ØŒ���ł��øØ ŁØ��œ��Ø�,�ºæœ����ªø.� øÆœ��łœœł�����,��Ø��łØŒ�œ���œø�Øœ,����ø��Ø��ºł��œœøÆ��Ø���æŁł���ł�Æ��ªø,ºªØ���Ø�,ø��Ø�����ª�œ���Æ��œ�ŁØ���ł��ØØ .
M\VGICTXKFKTZVZ[\BIZKPG\
øØ�(ºœ��Æ�Ø�Øłº�ªªØÆØ��Æ�Ø .º���ÆØÆ�º�æœØøł�����Ø��Æ"�,ø�Ø��øÆ�œ�ƺœÆ���.����øÆ�œ�œÆœ��,��ÆªÆł��ł,�ÆªÆłøØø��Æ,�łØ�,�Ł .
øØ�(ºØ�øºœÆœ��,����œ�øÆ�œ�œÆº�,Æ�ÆØ ÆłØ�ÆŁ .ºØ��œ��
��ł����º�,����Æ"�ł����º�.���œ������Æ�ÆØ ,øØøÆ�Æ��ª Øł�,����Æ"�����Æ��Ø �Ø�Ø ,�æª�Æł�œ��łœ,ø� �Æ��ª Øł�.��œ��ØøÆłØ�ª�Øœł�º�ø�ł�Ø��œ,����Æ"�,łØ��º�Æ��.��œ��,ŁØ �œ�,����Æ"�,�kB��œ�Ø .
Ł�Æ�ł�
BKQJGCBNBP\GLFZTVZ[\\XGGF
�(�Ø��ł����œ�Ø���œŒ��øŒ...�Ø�ƪœ��Æ"�����œŒ��øŒ.�Ø�ŁÆ����œŒ�ł.ºø��ª �º�æ�ªłŒł�Æ�œ,���œ����Æ"�
ƺƪ.�º�ø��œ�º���ŁÆłØ�ª,��æœ����łºŒ���ŁÆ.�Ø�ŁÆ����œøØ���œŒ�ł.ÆŁÆ����œ��ºÆªø���Æ"�.��ƪ�ø���.
BKQECZ[BKQNGXGZLVZ[\BIZKPG\
���(ø���Æ����,��œł���æłæº�Æ?��ł�� ,Æ�ł�º ��œø,�Øłø,
º�øÆ�ł�º ��œø,��Ø�º�Æ.ºØº�ø�� �łØŒ���,�łØŒ�� � º����.
196|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
º��ł,ø�Ø�ªÆłÆ�łıø�Ø���łŒ.�º���ª�,���ŁÆ��ª,�����Œ��œ,ø�Ø��ÆŁ����� ,ºØ�� �łØŒ�.
����ØøºœÆÆ���Œ��œ,�º�ÆØ �Ø��ø��تø�BÆ�,��ŁÆøØœÆŁ����� .�º��łØŒ,��ŁÆ��ł.
IEGG\FNKPGEVZ[\\GNEG\
��(�Ø�ł�ł��łŒ�� ,º���ø ø��łŒ�� .ºØ�����Ø�ł�ł,��
�ØØœ��ªœ��Ø�ªÆ� .
GFRFJGCPBGEVZ[\BPGZ
øº�(Øł����Ø �œº��øłø�,���ŁÆ��ª.Øł����Ø �œº��øłø�,���łæœ ,�łÆœ��Ø���øØ �łÆØ ØœøØ ,��Ø���ø�ł�Ø ��Æ�Ø�� ,ƺ� ºœÆ,���ŁÆ��ª.º� �øłœØ�� ,���Ø�Ø�� ,Æ�Ø�ª �Ø� ØªØ .
øºŁ(ƪø�Ø��ºØ ,ł���ø��ª��Œ���Ø� .��łłÆØø��,ª�Øø����Œ�øœ���æ.łı��ø������Ø� ,��øłÆ�����œÆ����ªłŒ,����
��ªÆ��ª�œ.ºø��Ø�� ,ł��œ ø�Ø� �Ł�Ø ÆªłŒ.��łłÆØø��,ÆłŒ�ł���øø����æ.ºØº��ØøØ机�Æ��,Æ���,ºø���Ø,����机�Æ�ª ,�Ø��Ø�����ª�Ø.º�øº�� �łÆ���.�ł��Ø,��œ�����ØŒł�����Ø�łÆÆ���Œ,ƺ�ªÆłø���Æ"��œ�ø�Ø�œø�,�Ø�������ÆØ�Ø�ƺ���øø�.�º�ºœÆ,ŁÆ�’�º�ł��Ø�º��øØ.ºœÆ,ØBªeŒ�’º��øØŒ.
FMNRXZLCTGNOVZ[\K\ZG
ºŁ(º���øø���Æ"�������Ł�,�º�����œ��œ��œ.�Ø��ŒªÆłÆ� ,ø��ª �łØŒ�ª�œ����ÆÆÆØ�Ø�,ºØº� ��œ��œ� ,�º���łŒÆ� .
�(�łØºœÆ� ØøBŒ���øÆ����ø.�Ø����ø�øŒÆ�Ø�ª ,ªø��øØ ������,��łØ ,�Œ�ł��œ���Ø.
�(���Ø º�øø���,º���Ø��œ��ª �ªÆłØ ��łØ .�تø���Æ"��æ�Æ�Ø�ª .�º�ÆتØ��Æ"�œ�Ø,�º����ø�تØ.�� �łØŒ
�� .� ���Ø��� �łØŒ�� ,��ø��œ ��Æ"�.�º��Ø���ª �łØŒ����ÆÆØ�Ø�ÆªÆłØ�� .ÆªÆłØÆ�ø���Æ"����œº��º��.
�Æ(Øł����Ø �œº��øłø����ŁÆ��ª.Øł����Ø ,�����Ø �ØØ ,ÆØ��.Øł�,ø�机����Øł�� ��ø�Ø��Ø� .�œº��øłø�,�º�ƺ����ª,������Ł�.���ŁÆ,�ªØ�Ø�.��ª,�ªø���.ŁÆ,���Œ�ØØ .��ª,���Œ��œ.�º�æª��ª.æª�����ø�机�Ø Ææª��º��.
197 | Ł�Æ�ł�
Ø��œ�øØ�
CRKK[PTBNVZ[\GBZB
ł(�łÆ��œø�Ø �ª�����ø�Æ�ØØø���,ÆØ�ø���Ø��Æ"�.��ł�,�Øø�Ø��Øø����Æø�Œ?��ł���Æ"�,º�.��ł�,�łØØø���ø�Ø��,����Ø�����ÆŒ,º�Ø���?��ł�,���Ø��ºł�غœØ��Ø,���Ø�ºŒ.��ª,���ø���œªÆ�Ø Æغł�Ø�ø���Ø�Ø .��ł��Ø ���تº��Ø�Ø .��ł��øł�����, º���,ºØ�ø�Ø��,��Ø�Ø��øºłŁÆ���?
łÆ(�Ø��œ���ø��ªØø���Æ� �Ø��.��ø���Æ"�º��ØŁ�œ�øłø�Øø���?�ł�Ø��œÆ�ØØø����ªÆ�œ��Ø�,�œ��� �����Ł�Æ�łı��ªø�,ÆøÆØ���Ø��øÆ� .
ł�(œØªØ Æ�ØØø����ø�Ł��łı��ªø�����łÆ�,Æø�ø�Ø�łØ���º�,º�ø��Ø��ø�� �Ø�łØ��Æ�Øø��œ.� غÆ�œÆ�ØØøł���øÆ���� ,ªøØø�� ��ºœø�Æ�ØØø���.
łª(œØªØ Æ�ØØø����łł����œ�ª�œÆ� .Øœ�æ�Æ�Ø
�ª �Ø� ,Øłº�� �����,��œ��Ø ,��œ��ØÆø�,��œæ�Œ�Øłø�Ø .Ø�ø������.�łı��ªø���œØ�æł�Æ�Ø�ª .
ł�(Æ�œ���Øœłł ��ª�æ��� �ł�Ø�łø�,ØłŒ�Ø�������’�ªøØ .Øœ�æ�ø �Ø ,Ø��ÆتØ� .ªøØ�æ��Ø�º�Æ�Ø�ª �º���Ø�� .��Øœłł��Æ"��Ø� ,º�øºœÆ,ºØ�Æ���’a�Æ��ł�.���łºŒ,����ƺ��œ��łı,غl��œÆ�ØØø�������łı,Ø�øałº��º�œø����,��ØØø�łº������ �� ,ø��Øøł��,���º�Øøł��Æ�ƪ,º�øºœÆ,�’�Ø�Œ�تØ�Ø�Œ.
ł�(�ø ø�ø ��ªø��ÆØ�Ø�,�œł��Ø�ÆØ�Ø�,�º��º�œ�ØÆØ�Ø�.�łØºØ ���ÆØ��œ�Ø�Ø���ø���,º�øºœÆ,�Ø�Ø��øªœ��B.�œØª�Æ�,�øØ�Ø�Ø�Œ��Ø.ºØ�����Œ���Ø ø��Æłł�,��ł�º� Æø �’,�ƪøº ��ª.ºœÆ,ÆØ ���Ø�Ø��’��ªø���ª.
CKB\FP[KIVZ[\[PG\
��(łÆØø���ø��œØªØƺ�,��ł,�Ø��ØøØ�ł�Æ�œ���,�øłØ���ø��ØøØ�ł�غ���Ø���Æ�œ���.�Ø��ØøØ�ł�Æ�œ���,�ø ºøØÆ���Æ"����ª�œ��ØØ��,�øºØ��,Ø机��Ø� ��ªØ ��,ƺ��������Ø ��,Ø机�ƺ���øØ ø�º�
��ª��ª,��Ø�Ø������ªØ�,øºœÆ,�ÆØŁ�Ø��ł.º���łœ��łœØ�Ø�Øøł��.
��(�øłØ�ØøØ�ł�Ø���Æ�œ���,�ø ø�œøØœ�ØØ Æ������Æ����,Ø�º���ł���ø�ø��œ���Œ.�������ºœÆ,e��ł�œØ k��łB��œ�ºæ�
198|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
eÆ���œØ kÆ����œ���Æ.��(��łø��łœ����œłłœ�
Øøł��,º���Ø ��ºØ� ØœØØ�Ø�ª�Ø� ,�łłØ º����łœłœ,º� Æ����œÆ�Ø �Ø� ,œÆ����łœ��łœ,���ł���øº�œ�œ�ł�ø��,��Øœł���ª��ø�ª������Ł��łÆØ Ø .º���Ø øÆ� Øł��œ.
�Ł(Æ������Øœłł��Œ��øØ����œ�����ª�,��� ø��ł����Ø�ł,Øœ���Æ�łı���Ø�.ÆØ ø��øØ�Ø���ø ,Øœł��º��� ,º�Æ�Ø�� Øœ�Æ�ÆœŒ�łœÆÆ�œøÆ�Æ�Ø ,��Ø�øÆ��Ø���.�������ºœÆ,Æ�Æ�łœ�łØ Æ��Ø�œ�ł���Ø��ª�’��ªł���a��e�B�łBı��łı.
�(���Ø��ª�’,���ł���ø�º��� .��ªł���,���øØ�.a��e�B�łBı��łı,��º�øłØ� ��øØ�,Øœ���Æ�łı���Ø�,�ø ø���� �ł�ø�ø��łÆÆ�łı��ªø�تØ�øł,ø�ø ��Øœ���ø œ�Ø���º��� ,�ø Øłł����œ�º��� .
�(��ł�łÆØ Ø ,ø��ªØ� ��łı�ø�Ø �Ø�غ��� ��øØ�Øœ���,Ø� ��ª��ł�ººÆ��ª�����ŁÆº���ÆØ .�’ººÆØ ��łØ �æÆÆØ
�ººÆ���.Øø������ƺ���ªªØ ,�’��Ø ÆØ ,ªøÆØ Ø .º�Æ�Ø�� ł�Ø .
�Æ(�œººÆØø��� �����Æ��تØ�ø���ŁØ ����Ø �º��ª,�º�Æ� ªøÆ��œ ƺ�łÆłÆ.ÆØ ��ł��Ø��œ .� øØ ������Ø�غ��� .º�ƺ�Ø Ø ,ªøÆØ Ø .���łøÆØ Ø ,Øœ���ººÆ���,Øœ����øØ�,ªØ"Æ�ªø.Ø��ł�ª��øº��ª �º�.ÆØœ�����øØ�,�ª����Ø��ł��.
��(���łØ"Æ�ªøØ ,Ø��œ��øØ�ÆœŒ�ª������ł�Ø,ø Ø�Æ�œ��Łłœ���ºœ.ºøØłª��łı,Øœł��øÆ�œ�ª��ø,º��ª �º�,�Ø�غ��� .��łºŒØœ�����øØ�,Ø�Æ���Ø�Ø łÆØ ,Øø�����œÆº��� .Æ������Øœłł��Æ"�Æ�Æłœ�º��Ø�� ,��Œ��øØ�Ø�Ø��ªÆº��� ,º���ºØ�� Øœłł��œ�ÆłØ�ª,�øœ������.
�ª(º����łØ�ØØøł��Øœ��º���ł����ØØ ,ØÆ��� �øœ��������Œ��øØ�.��Ø�øŒº��� ��Øø�øłØ .łÆØ � Øøł��Ø�œÆ�øŒ���.�º�ºœÆ,�����øŒØºæ��łı.
PNLFP[KI=FRGYCBVZ[\GKIK
œ�Ł(��Œ��øØ�ØØ�ł��Ø,�ø ø�Ø�����º� ,ºØ�Ø����Æ�ª�Øł���Ø�,�ł�Ø ����Œ��øØ�.�Æ���Ø���Æ����ªø�����,���Æ�ª�Øł���Ø�,ø�Ø����ł����,�����ø��Æ�œ���ø�ø,�Øł���Ø�.�º���ł�œ�Ø.
œ��(��Œ��øØ�,���Æ�,Øø�ŁÆø�ØŁœ,ØœØØ�ªÆ�������.��º�øºœÆ,������kCØÆ��Œ,��ºŒæœ ,��Øœº���œ���Æ�������Œ��øØ���Ł�.� ��Ł�,�Ø��,Æ�Ø�œ��Æ��,���Æ���Ø��,ºØ��Œ��øØ���Ł���øŒ�����Æ�,�º���ł��Ø
199 | Ø��œ��øØ�
º��.� ����,���Æ����,�Ø��Ø,ºØ�Ø��ł��ø�Ø����Øł�����,�����Øł���Ø�,��ł�œ�ø ��,�� �Ø. º���,��øØ�łºÆ���ł�Øł,
�� ø��Ø º" )ƪغºÆØ ���œ(,��º�Ø œ�œØ.Øœ�����Æ"�,���Æ�,Æ�������,º�øºœÆ,�����ºŒØÆ��Œ,º���œø�Ø� .
BG\G\FP[KIVZ[\GKZB
œ �(�ºłœØ�œÆłØœØØ�Æ.���Ø�Æ ’?’,�ªł�œ��º��Æ��
øØ�Æøł�Æ,œ��łœª��Ø�œ,����Ø.��Ø�Ø’øÆØ�ÆØł����º��øÆ�ł��.œ��łœØ檺��ª� .�º�ºœÆØ�Æ ’,�ł����ØÆł �Øæª,ø��ø��œ.
��ł������ł���œØøł��,ºØÆø�øØ�Ø���ªØ ����œ,Ø�Ø���ªØ Æ’,Æ����øØøØ.�º�ºœÆØ�Æ ’,�ł��øØ�Æ,º��łÆ�ØØøł��,Ø���Æ’.
œ �(���ª�Ææª�’��øØø�ł�Ø ��Øœ.Æ���øØøØ ø���ÆłØ��ª�œÆ����øØøØ,�’,œ��łœ,ø��ÆłØ��œØº�,��ÆłØ�ÆœŒ��łøØ ����������,�º��º��ÆłØ��ª�œ,Ø�Ø ���Ø�ø�Ø ��ت��ÆœØ�Æ.�������ªøØ�Ø����ºØł�,ØØ�øŒøøø�Ø ����,ø�������øºœ���ت�.�������ØØ�øŒøØø�ø�Ø ��łØ ,ø�������øºœ��ºØł�.� øÆØ ø�ØØ ø�Ø ����.
ºØº���ł��œ���Æ�Ł��eœ�ª��eœ.œ�Ø��Æ�Ł�œ,"�)’��œ(,���Øłł���Ł�����,�ł��Æ�.�Ø�Ø����ł���ت�.��łºŒ������ª�œ,�ł��"ł)�’ł�ø�œ(,���Øł������Ł�.�Ø�Ø����ł��ºØł�,�ł�ºł.æØ��Œø���Æ���Ø�����,��ºł��Ø��Ł�.��غŒÆ�تœØ���ºœÆœ�Ø��,�’��ª�œøł�,ø���ł��Æ�,���ł���ت�,øª
�Ø��ł�Ø����ت.ªø��øŒ����ºØł�.�º�ºœÆ� Æ’,Øø�’�øł�º�øłªØÆł,ø���ºØł�.ºØºœÆº��øØ�,øØ�Æ�Ø�œ�ºł��.ºØ�ł��Æ��Ø�Æ�øØ�,ºØ�Øø��ł�� ��.
º�Æ�����œØª�,ø�’Ø�Ø ��’Æ�ł��ª��ø� ,º�øºœÆ,�Ø��ł��Æ��º�ł����,�œ�Ø��œœ������ت�ø��ł��ª����,��łºŒ��ºØł�.���ت����øºœÆ�ØØ��’,œ�Øłł�øøł�Ø ,��"œ��"Ø)�æª�Æł�œ��łœ,����ªØæª(,���ØłØ Æ���œº��œ��ºł.�Æ�Ø�œ�����Ø���ł���Øœ,��Ø���ºœ,���ł�œœ,ł���������øÆ���������Ł�,ø���Ł �Øœ�ªÆÆ�Ø�œ���ت�,ø�Ø��ł��Æ�,ø�Ø���Øł������Ł�.�º��æłÆ���Øœ������Ł�.�ø ��œØ�øº��ø�Ø���ت�,øøø�Ø �����øØøØ ø��ªæ")66(����.��œœ����æª�’�ł��ºØł�,�ł�ºł,��Øœ�����Œ��øØ�,ø���ºłæª’,��łœœØ�øŒøøø�Ø ��łØ .
œ �(ÆøØøØ øøø�Ø Øœ�����Œ��øØ�Æ�łı���Ø�,���øØ�Æ�Øæ�.�º��� �Ø�Øø��łı���Ø�,���œØæ�.º�øłººÆøÆ�ª��ł�ØÆ�øƺºÆØ ø��ª���,ø��Æœ�øø�łœ�Ø�œ�Ø�Æł�ØøØøØ Ø�Ø ,����œØœłłÆ� ��ª���,Æ’��ºØ Ø��Æ�������œ,Øœ�Æłº���Ø
200|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
�ÆœØ�Æ,�ª�œ����� ,ø��œ����ºœÆ,œ�ł��Ø��Ø�Æ����Øø,�����غ��º����øœ���,�łØºØ ���ł��œ�ªø.æØ��Œ,º����ø�Æ���Ø�Æ��łØ��,º���øøØøØ øø.
ºØ�Łł �����ø����œØª�,�Ø���œ���łØ �ÆÆ��º��łœº�Ø ª�Ø��.�Æ����ºœ�����ª������Ø���ªø ����.��øœø��ØłØ Æ�ł��’��Ø ,�Æ��ª Øł�,��"œ)�æª�Æł�œ��łœ(,��ø��ø�ł�Ø���Øł,ø���ºœ�Ø���������º� ,���ø�łØº���Æ���Øł���Ø�Æ��,ø���ø�Ø����łœº�Ø ª�Ø��.�Æ������ø���,ø���ºœ���œÆ��ƺ�Ø �łœø����,��œ�Ø��łØº�ª��Æ���Øł���Ø��łœº�Ø ª�Ø��,º�øºœÆ,�Ø��ł��Æ��º�ł����.
º�øÆ���œ��ª�œø����ºœ,�Æ�œ����ºœÆ�’�Ø ,��łºŒ�Æ�ØœÆ�Ø�œ�º�Ø��Æ��ø��’�Ø ,º�Æ�����º��œ�œØª�,�łØŒ�ł������œ���œ���ºœÆ����ł��Æ�’�Ø ,��łºŒÆ�Ø�œ����,���Æ�œ��’�Ø .��ł��œ�Ø���º��ø��œ�ł�Ø���Ø��ø� ,ø� �’Æ�Ø�œœØ��.
�º��æªł���Ø :œØ���’Y�æ’)60(ªæ")66(��Ø,
Øœ���Ø�Ø�øÆ�Æ�ł���ت�.œØ��Æ’Y�æ")66(ª"�)73(
ø�Ø Æ�ł��ºØł�Øœ���ø���øÆ�,�º�Øœ������øØ�Æ�Øæ�Æ�łı���Ø�.º���œœÆ�œ����Æ�Ø �º��ªØ�Ø ,����Ø Æ��łœ�ø���.
œØ���’Y�"�ø�Ø ª���ø�Ø ,Øœ������ØøÆ�,�º�Øœ����øØ�Æ�ªª.
œØ��ª’YÆ�Ø�œ����,��Æ�º���øØøÆ�’��Ø ,����ø�Ø ªæ����øØøØ,Æ�Ø�ø��’Æ�’.º��ø�œ�Øø�œ,øØ���Ø�œÆłØ�œ�� ªæ�����øØøØ,Ø�Æ����œ�ªøœÆø��œ.
œØ���’Y����øÆØØ,ø�ø������ºœÆœº�Øœø��œ�,Ø�Ø�Ø ��ª���Æ"���Ø���ª���ªœ�ø�œ�ªøœ,øª���غ���Ø ÆłØ�œ�� ª�����’.
����łÆøØøØ øøØœ�����Œ��øØ�Æ�łı���Ø�,ø���øØ�Æ�Øæ�,��œ���Æ���œ.����’ø�Ø ª"�ø�Ø .ºØ��Æ��œ��Æ�ł��ºØł��œ���Øœ���ºœøª�æł�Æ�ł���ت�,ø����øøø�Ø ��Ø,�Ł �Øœ�ł"�)’��œ(.œ�ø��Ø�ł��ºØł�,�"ł)�’ł�ø�œ(,�����øØ�Æ�Øæ�œ�Ø��,ºªØ�œ���œº���ø���,�’ø�Ø ,øØł�ø���ºœœœ���º��,��Ø�������Ł�.ºØÆ���œ��ª�œ�œœ����ø���ø��ł��º��ØØœ���Ø��,ø�ØÆ����ø���ª�Ø��.�Æ�œ�œœ����ø���øÆ����Æ������Ł�,�Ø���łØº�ª��ø���ª�Ø��.
ººÆ��ª��ª���ł�ØÆ�øƺºÆØ ��ª����.ºØª’ł�œ� �"Æœ"�)�º��ÆØ��,œ��łœ��ºœ(,����ÆØ���ª���œ��łœ�ª��ł�.æª��ºØł����ł�’,œ��łœ,ººÆ��ª���ł�,øØœ���œ���ºœÆ�ø����Æ�Ø�œ����,����ø�ÆŁ�Æ���œ�ªø���ª�Ø��,�ª���,ø�Ø�ÆÆ�ØØ����ºœª���.���Æ�º�øÆ��œº�œ�’ººÆØ ªÆØ��,ø�’ººÆØ � �’æ�Øłœ��"œ��Ø" )�æª�Æł�œ��łœ,����ªØæª��ºœ(�º��Ø Æ�ø���.
201 | Ø��œ��øØ�
����ł,ø��Æœ�øø�łœ�Ø�œ�Ø�Æł�ØøØøØ Ø�Ø .ªØ�Ø ,�Æ�Ø �� Æ��łœ�ø���,�º�Ø ø��Æœ�ø.ªœ��ØØœ��ø��Æœ�øÆ���ª ,�ÆØ�������ºœ.ºØª’���Ø ,�Æ��ª Øł�ø�ł,� �"Æœ"�,ø�ª ��ÆØ��.�Æ�œ�,ø���ºœ�øØ���łœº�Ø �Æ�Ø�œ����,��ø�����øŒ��ƺ�Ø ø��,ø����ø�ł,����ø�ø��Æœ�ø�Æ��Æ��łœ�ø����Ø�Æ��ø�ł.��غŒ��ł,ø��Æœ�øø�łœ�Ø�œ�Ø�Æł�Ø.�æ�łøØøØ Ø�Ø ,��øØøØ �ØÆłØ ,øº��º����łœ�ø���.ø����Øø���ł�"ł,�º��� �Ø�����"łøÆ"�,øº����º���øł,� Æ�æ�łøØøØ .Ø�Ø � æ�Øłœ.
�º��ªØ�Ø øÆ��łœ�ø���ØØ�øº����œÆ� .�ø ø���ł�ØÆ����œ����,ØØ�øº� �ªØ�Ø º�,���ł�����.Æ’��ºØ ØØ��Æ�������œ,��ª���œ�� ��ª�Øøł��,ø���øØ�Æ�Øæ�.��ł��Ø�œ�øØ�Æ�Øæ�,Øœ�Æł���œ��ªØł��ª�œ�œØøł���� .��������ºœÆ,œ�ł��Ø��Ø�Æ����Øø.
º��ł,ø���ªØ�Ø ��łœ��ØÆ�Æœłœ�øØ ,���ºªØøØ�Ø��łºŒº�Ø �Øø��ø���.º�øºœÆ,����Øø.ø���œ�ªØ�Ø ��łœøØ�Ø��,Øœł��º�œ���øœø�Ø� Æ��,º��ł���ƪ���øœ��œ�ªł,������øœ�º��ªłœø�Ø ÆłØ�œ�� ª��,ø�Ø� Æ��,º��ØØ��øغ��º� ,ø�łØºœ�ºł�œ��œ�ªø.
œ(ÆøÆØ ø�øø�Ø ,��ł�’ø�Ø ��Ø�Ø�øØ�Æ�Øæ�,º���ºØ�� Øœ�æ��Øł��ª��ł�Ø,��Æ"�ØØł
�Ø� �øÆłª�Æ�Ø���ÆØø,Ø�ƪ�� .ł��œ ���ºØ ø��Æ��ł�Ø,Øø�łÆ� ,øØ��ł��łºŒ�øœ����œ��łœ.Æ������ØØł��Œ��øØ�ƺ��� ,Øœ�æ���غ���Ø º���Æ�œ�º���Ø�� .º�Æ�ØØøł��Øœ�æ�Æ���œØ� .
ºØº���œœ������Ø,ø�ØØ�����º�Ø�œ�ø���.Æ���,øغ��Æ�Ø�Ø�,º�Ø�Ø�Æø���,���ø� ��ªł���º���ªªØ .º���øº� ���ø���,ø���ł�ø�º�º�œ�ø���,�تØ��łœ����Ø�œÆŁ�º��ªØ�Ø º�œ�ø�����ÆªØ ���� ,�œ ���øºØ ���Ø�œ�Ø�Ø�,ø��Æ��ł�Ø,ø�Ø�ø���.ºØÆœœØ���ª’Ø�Ø���ø�º�œ�Ø�Ø���Ø�� ÆØøł��,�øØ�Æ�ªª,���øŒ������Ø.�º���Ø�����œ��œ œØ��.���œ�Ø��ØÆı��Øœ,� �œ�Æ�Ø Æ���œØ� ��ºœ�Øłø�Ø .�Æ�ª�Ø� ��ºØ �Łł ÆØ�œœØ���ª’,ø��œØ�����ºœ,øœ�Æ���łœ�’��Ø Æœº�,���œ�Æ�Ø º�Øøł��Æ�Ø �Øłø�Ø .
œ(ªø�ø���ø�Ø ��Ø����ø�Ø �����øØøØ.��Øœ�Æł�’Æ�’,øØø�ØœØ��Ø�’��Ø ����’,���ºœ,œØ���ª’.��,�ÆØ��œº���غ �º���ØØ ������’.��Ø�Ø��ØÆı��Øœ.œØªØ Æ�ØØø���,ø� �ł�ø�º�º�œ���Ø�œ�Ø�Ø�,º�ł�Ø�º�œ�ø���,Æ��������œłłØ�ª º��Ø�� ø��Æ��ł�Ø,�Æ��Øłø�Ø ������,øºœÆ,�æ�œØ�œº���ØØ ��Øłø�Ø ������.ºœÆ,ØœØ�Æ��ºØ�łı.ºœÆ,ØøÆÆø�Ø Øø���.
œÆ(��łøº�º�œ�æŁł���ł�
202|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
�Ø�Ø��ø���Ø�ƪ��� ,Øœłł’��Ł��,Ø檪�Øł���Ø�,��œ�Æł ��’��ªø�ø�œ�Øø�œ,º��œ ø�ØÆ���œÆłØ�œ�� ª��,ºªØ��ªø�� ,���ºœ,º�øºœÆ,Øø���’Æ�øØ.ºœÆ,Ø�غƪ�’�� ,ºªØøœœ�Æł��’ �’ºł�Ø.Øø���’Æ�øØ,��łØª�øØ,ø� ��ø�œø�œ�ªø�� ,øœ�ØØ��º� ÆłØœ�ªøœ.Øœ�Æłº����œº� º��ª.
œ�(�øłØ� º���,øØØø�łÆ� Ææ�����øØøØ,�º�æÆøÆœ,ø������øÆØØ.ºØ����Ø ��ª��’�ƪ,���ª� ��’ºł�Ø,���Ł�ø�œ�ªøœ��ø�Ø�� .�ø�œø���تÆ� ,øØ�ØÆ� ,ÆØ�ª �ø�œ�Øø�œ,ø�ø�ł�œ�Ø��,ø�œ�ªø,øºœÆ,�Ø���ø�łÆ�Ø���œłÆØłø�Ø �ªøØ��ł�,º��ºœÆ��ØØ ÆØłø�Ø .
SGEG\F\GZFP\DNKOCKPG\FP[KIVZ[\GKYZB
ø�(��łø�œ�ø�,ºœÆ,� � ������.ºŒ�Ø�� ºøØæœ�����łÆØø��,ø�ØØ�œ��º��ØØæœ�Æ� ,ØÆ�ø�ª ªÆł�º��,��ØØ����ØøØ��ł,Øø��º��� Æœł�,��ØØ����ØøØłłÆ�º��.�������ºœÆ,� º�ªœØøł��Øø�.ø� Øø�Æœł�,ø��تªłºØ�,Æ��� ,�ø ,�� ªÆł�Ø�Ø����,ø��Ø�Ø������Øøت
���œ��œ�œł�ªłºØ�.�Ø����ªłœ,øØØ�����Æ� .
ø�(œØª��Æ"����œæªœ��Ø Æœł�Æ�����Œ��øØ�,�ø ,ø������łıª��œ�’º�Ø �Ø �ºæØ .ºœÆ,��Ø��ªª�Øø�œ��Ø�Øø�œł�,���łª�œ�’,ºØº� ت�œØ���Ł� ª�ª� .
F\DNG\FIMPFNMNFTPKOVZ[\GKZB
œæ(ºøØ�Ø��łÆ�Ø�œ��øØ���Ø�œØ��œøÆ� œØªØ ����檜��º��,�ªœÆ� ��Ø �øÆ�œø������,Æ�œ����œØ����º�.��øºœÆºØ�����Œ���Ø .����?
�ØØ�Æ���øº�æœØøł��œ� ��ł,Ø�Ø �œ���Æ"�,�����Œ���Ø ø��Æłł���ł�º� Æø �’�ƪøº ��ª.
Ø�Ø�œ��łØM[G[RFCKQFIGIKO
VZ[\MK\[B
�(ºøø��ÆØ����Ø º�łØØœØÆØ��Æ�œ.ł����Æ"��øœ�œØøł��ºØ�
ø����,øØ�Øøø����œÆ�łıºØ�øø����Ø��,���ºœ.øø�����Øœ
203 | Ø Øœ� łØ�
łØ�,�Æ�łœ�º�ø�łøø�Ø øÆ� ,�Ø������œ�ø�ª��ÆØ����Ø ,��łØ��ºł�Ø.�º��łøÆØ ��œ,ø� ’��ø,�ÆØ� ÆØ����Ø ,���łØ .�����Ø ,�تøÆ������œø ,����Ø �Ø ,ø�Ł��� .���ł���øø��ÆØ�Ø� .
�Æ(ºØ�øł����Æ"�,���Ø��øø��
���Ł�œ��ÆØ�Ø� ,��ØÆø���Ø ,��ł�,�ø�œ,����øƺ� .Æø�ø��Œ���Łøø��,���Ø�Æ�ƺł,��Œ���ŒœŒº���Æ�œ,øłØ ø�ØŁØ , ª��Ø �łøØ ,��Ø�Æ�ƺłÆº���ØÆłØ ,�ÆØ���غ�,Øøƺł�ØÆÆØœ���Œ.
V\IKNKBIG\KZTKK\KVZ[\BPGZ
�º�(��ØØø���ÆØł,��ªªØª��.��ł�º�æœØøł��,��ØØø��Æ��œ��łØ .ºØ���œ�ØØœ��º�ø�ØŁœ�ø�����Ø�Ø�,�ªØ�Ø ø�ø����æœ��Ø ���Ø�ø����ºœ,øØ��,ø�ØÆ�ØØÆøƪ��ø�.�ÆØł�ø�ł�œ ø��غ�Æ��œ.��ªªØª��,����Æ"�,ø��ł,��ºł�œÆłØœØ.
�ºŁ(�œ�Ø�Ø,�œ�º�ªø���Ł,��Ø��œ��ŒøłØ ��Ø�Ø .�œ�Ø�Ø��œØ,ºØ��œ��º�æ���Ø��ÆŒ.ø��Øغ�æ���ØÆ�ØØ���ÆŒ.� �œ��œ�œ�Ø�œ�Œ,�łØ��Øæ�ł,ø��Ø����œØ.�ø ���œ�Ø�Ø.�º�ªª,
ºøł���º�æ�����Œ,��ł,tœ���ØøłØ�ª�,���øł��’.øłØ�ª�,���ºœ,���œ��º�æ�����Œ.���øł��’,�����œ��تÆ�Æ.�º�,�œ�Ø�Ø��œØłØØœØ.ºªØ���ª��Œ��ØœÆø� �Œ���Ø .
�Øł���Ø���ª��Æ�æªØ �ºæØ ��º��.���ºœ��ª��œ�Æ�º��Æ�Ø�æªØ ,�º���Ø��,���Øø��º���Ø����Øł�Æ�Ø�æªØ .��غŒ�Ø�ø��œ�ø�����œØøł��,����تØ�Ø��Øł���Ø���ºœ,ºØ���º��Ø ��æªØ ª�Øł���Ø�Æ�º��ª��ºœ,Øøł����Æ�Ø ø�ø� ��"ł)�’ł�ø�œ(.
IPWGPXFVZ[\\XGGF
ª(ƪ�����Œø�Ø��Æ�Ø�ت,����.Ø ��ª�Ø��øœ����º�.��ł,Ø�º�Æ�ø����Œł����.Łł øØ�º��œ�,��ØØ���ø ��º������łÆÆØœ.øºŒ.ºØ�ø�º��ł�����Ø�,��ł,�º������Ø�º�º���øł��,��غ����Ø��.
�(ºŒ,ºøØ��Øøł�����łØ ,���ØØªØ �Ø�ł�æªø������.��ł��Æ"�,ØŁ�Øøł��ł���.º�ª
øØ�º�ł����,��ØØł���� ��º���ł,��ı.ºØ�ø�º����,ø�Ø�ł���,�Æ��ªœÆæª�����,ø�Ø���ºœ,��ł��Æ"�,�º������ł�Ø�� ��ı,Ø�º��œ,ºØ�Ø�غ�ª���Ø��� .ÆØ �øÆœ,������ ��Ø�,ø��Øł���Ø�,ł�����ł�.
�(�º���łØÆØ ��ı,�Ø�ł�ł,øØØøł�����Æ��تØ��łÆ�œø��łØÆØ ����Æ�.��łØÆØ øœØ��� ��łØ ,�
204|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
ت؜���,�� Ø�ª.øœØ�� ��łØ ,�Øłø,�ı����łÆ�œ.���ı,�Ø�ł�ł,�øł�Æ�ø���Æ��تØ��łÆ�œ,�Ø�غ�
�ø�Ł���Ø��Øøł��.�ø ��Øøł����ªøØ �œªÆ�Ø Æ��Æ"�ÆØ ���Æł���ø��œł�.
YZKT\KOSGUGFBKKNF[XZKMFNNE\VZ[\C[NI
� �(Æø�øØøł������Ø ,ł�º�����Ø ,º���ØØ�Ø ,º�����œ��������Ł�,º� Æ�Æ�ØÆı�Øøł��.�œ�Ø�Øøł��Æœ�Ø���œŒ�łœ .
� Ł(Æ�Æø�,ł�Øøł�������º���ªªØ ,�Ø ��Ø��œł��Ø �Ø����Ø� ,��łØ� º�������Ø º�����œø���łØ ,�����Ø�Ø� º����Łł�Ø .�œ�Ø���Ø ����Æ"�...
�Æ(��łłÆØø��,�ØØ����œØø
Æ�łı,��Æ"�ø��łÆ�ÆøÆØ��.Æø�ø�Ø���œ,��Æ"�ø��łœ���Æ����.ºø�� �łØºØ �ł��Ø ��Ø ,�Ø��œ�œ��œ,��Æ"�ø����,���ł� ��Æ"���� .º�øºœÆ,º�ØØ�œł����Ø�Ø�Ø .
��(ºø�łØº��Ø�ª�Ø�æœ���º���ªªØ ,�øØ��ł�ø�ÆØ�ÆłºØ�,��œ�łØ����œ,��Æ"��ł� �Ø�,���Ø�����ø��ª,ø�øŒÆłœ�,�œ��œ�,�ł���œ�� ,��ت��ت.
PXGGFNSVZCKXKB\PXZKOVZ[\CB
� Ł(�æ�łÆøÆ�Ø�Ø�œ��łØ ���Æ���ª �� .º��ª ��æ�łÆØ�Ø�œ��łØ ø��ÆæØ�ł���Æø���,œØª���ø�� �øºØ���� �Æ�,ø�Ø�ø����º��ª,ø�����ª �ø��Æ�ª�,��Æ"�ø��ÆæØ�ł���ø�.
�(Æ�Æø���Æı��Æ"��œº���Æł�ø�,��ł�� ,�ºø��æØ�łø��øÆ�ø�Øø�æ�łØ Æ�ØØ,ø��Ø Æ���œØ.���œ�Æ�Ø º� Æ�Ø �œ�ÆłØ Øøł��,ø�Ø æØ�ł�øÆ�,øø��Ø Æø��œ�������ª� ,Æ�Ø �ªØ ���Æ"�,�º�����æØ ��Æłœ,�ªØ �� ��ªøøØø�Æ�łı,øø��Ø Æø��œ�����ø��ª� .
�(���œæ��º��Æł�����.Øøł��ÆæØ�ł����œ�Ø º���ª� .º��Œø�æ��º��Æł�,Æœø�øÆ�Ø �Æłœ�ªØ �,�º�Øł�Ø ���Ø,��ºÆª�º� .�ø ��,Øø�øÆ��æ�łÆæØ�ł���.ºØ����Æ�����ª ,�æ�łœ�ت���Ø��Æ"�,��łæ ��æƺ�����æØ øø�.
�Æ(������Æ�æ�ł�œ��æØ ?�����Æ"�ت�º�,º���ø�Ø�Ø�Ø����ł�º�?�����łæ �����Ø,���ø��ø���ت?���ª�Ø�łØŒ��ª ��łæ ��æ�æ�ł���Ø�º���øø�,�ø ø����Ø�œ�œ,º�����Ø�ø�����œ�Æ�Ø ł�Ø �œ ,�ªØ ���Ø��Æ"�,��ºÆª�Ø� ������Ł�.
205 | Ø Øœ� łØ�
FDBGNFFT\KEFVZ[\\HZKT
��(ºØ�Ø��œŒ��łı��łØ �ł��pe����œ.œØª��Æ"���ł�œ�����Æ�Ø,º���Ø�Ø øø����Æ"����Ø�Øøł�����łØ .�ł������ºœÆ��łØ ,�غ��œ ÆøÆØ�Øøł��.��ÆØ�����øÆæ��Ø�Ø ,�ÆØ����œ��łØ ?���œ��łØ �ØØœ�Æ��Œ��ª,Æ��ºœ��œ.º��ƺ����ºØ øÆ� .��ØœºÆª��Æ"�ƺ��� ,ت�º���ø�œø���Æ"�,º�
غÆ�ºœ�Ø�œ,���œ,��ØØ ,�ø øØ���º� �ø�łł�œØøł��.
��(��œœ�����ø�œø���Æ"�,øºœÆ,�Ø��’���Œ�º���łı.��Øœ�ªÆ���œÆØøł��,��ÆØ� ���Æ"�.º�øºœÆ,�ÆØ��œº���غ .��Ø�ª��Æœ�œ�ØØ�Æø���,�ł�œ���œÆ�Ø� ºÆœ�Ø��.º�øºœÆ,ºØ�Ø��œŒ��łı��łØ �ł������œ.
Ø�łł��Ø�łŁ�ÆC\IKNFFKXZFZTFGBMBGZI
VZ[\GB\IRQ
��(Ø�ł�ł�����ª��?Æø�øÆ���œ�Æł ��ª ,��ºÆł���Łł ø�ÆØ�Ø �œÆ�ø.��łø�œ�� ,��łº�º��ø.
��(Ø�ł�ł,Æø�øÆ���œ�Æł ��ª ,��ª����ª ��łÆ��œ�ł��
ø�Ø��ØÆÆØœøغÆÆت.�º�æ�ÆØœ�ø�ø���ł�,ł��ø�Ø��ØøغÆÆتøØ���ø �ªłº.ºØ�ø�º�æ�ÆØœ�Ø��ØøغÆÆت,���œ�����ÆØœ,�ø�Æ��ÆØœ,ªø����øº��ÆØœ�ªÆłøœ.
BKLKXZFZTPV\FB\FBEOVZ[\GKZB
ø�Ł(ºœÆ,����øœØÆ�œ,�Æ�Æ.����øœØÆ�œø�Ø�ł�ł,ø���łłœ�œ�Ø�ł�ł�ø�ŁÆ��.��œ�Ø���øø��ª�œœ�تÆ��,��œ�Ø���ø��œ���œ�œłœ�º�œ�œ�łœøÆ� ���.��Ø�ÆºØł�,�ł�ø���Ø��Øł�.
ø�(Ø�ł�łœ�ت�Ø��œ�Æł���ÆøœØ��øœ���,ºªØ��œœ�Æ�Ø�ª ,ºªØøØ��Ø�Æغ���ÆØ� ��� ø�ł�Ø Æ� ��Ø�œØÆ�Ø�œ ,º�øºœÆ,ªØ��l��ıº�ƪB.
ø�(��ª���øªªØ ���æØ Æ�łØ ,
�æœØłØ �� Æ�� �Ø øÆ�łØ .ØªØ øÆ�Ø�ª ��Ø �œ�� ��ºœÆ���œ��.
��ø?Æ�ł�� �œ�øłØø��ø��ª�Øœł�º� ,�œ�ت��œœ��øØ ,øØ���� ØøÆƪłŒ�ØøłÆ�� øº�Æ�Ø�� ÆłØ ø��.ºØ�ø��Ø�Æ�Ø�� ,�œ�Ø���œ�Æłø �� ,ªø�øŒ�œ �łøœ�ÆØ� ��� ��Ø ø�øªªØ ø��,�ł�Ø �œ .º�ªłŒ�Ø�ł�ł,ø��œ��œÆ�Ø�� ªø���Ø�Ø Æ,���ÆØ� ��� ��Ø�œ.
206|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
F\PGEEG\TOKXZFZTVZ[\PYW
���(�� Øł�Ø��ª Ø�ł�ŁÆ�Ø�ł�ł,Øøœª���łØ.� ��Œ���,ŁÆ.� ��,Øæ�Æœł�.ºØ�Ø��ŒªÆł�øÆł�œ�Ø�ł�ł,����œł�.� ��Œ,ŁÆ.� ��,Ø�ºØł�Ø ��Øœ�,ºªØ�øÆł.
���(º��Øø��机�,�łØ��Ø�ł�ł�����Œ��œ.ºØ���Œ��œØØøÆł����ØØ ��Øœ�?�łØ����ł��œÆ�Ø��ª .�ø�øø���ø�,�����Øœ��øØ .ø�ø �����ø� �Ł��œ œ�ت,ºªØ���øغ ��Øœ�.
���(���ª�Ø,ø��ª Ø�ºØł�Ø
��Øœ�,ºªØ�øÆł��Æø���ª ,ºØØ�ł�ł�Ø�øł����Æ�� ø����ø��œ�ØØ���œł�.ºø����ł�øÆłÆ�ª ,���œ�łª���,�Ø�øł��Ø.�º��łØŒ���ºØł�Ø ��Øœ�,ØØøÆł������Œ�.
���(Ø�ł�ŁÆ�łØŒ�ª�ø�œł�.Ø�ł�ł�łØŒ�ª�ø�ØØ��Ø����œł�.�ø ���łØŒ��ª ��ł�Ø�œ�ت��œØ ��ª�,Ø �ªØ�,Ø ��øÆ�,ø�Ø����������ª ,����øØ �ŁÆØ ,ø��ø�Æ� ���,ºªØøØ���ØÆø���Ø�.
[RKPNBMKOVZ[\\GNEG\
� (Æł�œ�’ªłºØ�Øø,� �ØÆØØø�Ø �Øœ.ø�Ø���ºØ Øø��ª ,ø�Ø�Ø �������œ�Æł�.��ª�Ø�Ø���ª�ø���.� ªØ ���ª .ƺ���ø��ø�,� ����Ø ø .�ł�Ø �œ Ø�łŁÆØ�ł�ł.
� (Æ���ª ��ØŁ�ł��øœª�Æ��œ�œł�,�œØ�ł�ŁÆø�œ�ÆłÆ,��ºÆł�œ�Æł�Ø�ł�ł,�ø�Ø
�,�Ø�ł�ł���Œ�ƪ�Ø�ł�ŁÆ.ºøÆ���ª ��ØŁ��,�œØ�ł�ł�œ����œ�Æł�Ø�ł�ŁÆ.
ºø�œ��ª Æ���ØŁ�ł,º����Æłœ���łØŒ��œ�Æł,º�øł�œ�ÆłØ�ł�ŁÆ,��,� �ØÆØØø�Ø �Øœ.ºØ�Ø�ł�ł,ø���ØÆØ,�º����ØØ�ł�ŁÆ.ºø��Œ��ª Æ��œ�œł�,���ØÆØØø�Ø �Øœ.���Ø�ł�łº��Æ�Ø ��ª,Øø�Ø��Øœ.
CMNNCCLVZ[\\ZGPF
œłæ�(��Æœ��Æ"�,ø�ª ��Æ,�Ø��œłł�����Æ,�ø ø��Æ���� ��œłłœ,�łł��Ø��Æ�...
œłæŁ(ƺ��ÆÆŒ,Æø�Ø�ÆÆœ,ø� ø�ØØ�łØ ,Ø�ł�ŁÆØ�ł�ł.º���ª��ł��Æ,����ł��ÆŁÆ,����ł��Æł.�ø �����ł,ƺ��ÆÆŒ,�Ø���łÆº�
�ÆŒ,øØł�ø�ØØ ,ø� Ø�ł�ŁÆØ�ł�ł.œł (ÆØ�ł�ł,�ØŒ��øł��ª
øØ��Æ�œ��Æ"��,ø�łØØ�ł�ł��Łł�ø��Ø�łÆ��ª �ƪœ�’,�ØŒØ��ÆÆ�œ��Æ"�?�������ƪœ��Æ"�Øœł�øÆ�,ºøØ�ł�ł����º���Ø,��ª �øÆł�œ,��Ø���Æœ
207 | Ø ł�ł��Ø ł�Ł�Æ
��Æ"�,�ø øت��łÆ�œØ�ł�ł�ƪœ��Æ"�.
œł Æ(º����æª�تتØ�.ºØº���øø���Æ"�������Ł�,�º���ł�ºªØ��ł�œºÆª,�º����ƪœ.ºØ�Øł��ƪ,øØ�Ø���Łł���ª�,øƺ���ø��ł��ø��ª�,�ø������Łł�ø��Øøł���ª�.ł��ø���Æ"�,øØ�ØÆ�Ø�ª œ�تÆƪœ,Ø�ºÆªłŒ���œ,ºªØ��ºœ�œ Æ�łÆ�ŁÆ�.��łøł����Æ"�Æ��,�ØŒØÆ�ƪł������Łł��ł���ª�,�Ł�Æ�Ø�ª �ªłŒ�ł,�ª���œ �ªłŒ�ŁÆ,ø��œ ø��Øøł���ª�Ø� ,�Ł�Æ�Ø�ª �ªłŒ�ł?
œł �(���ª�Øøø�ł���ª�.ƪ�����Œ,ø�Ø��Æ�Ø�ت,�Ø���Æ�œÆØœł,�Ø��œÆ��Æ�,ø��Ø�łÆ����Øø�ł�,�ø øº��ØøØ�łÆ��Ø�,���Ø�ł�Ø�Æ�Æ�غ����Œ.�ÆŁØ��œÆ�����øœł���ÆØÆ��Æ�.
œł ª(ÆÆØœ���ŒÆ�ı,�ØØœ����
��œ,Ø�œ�ł��Ø�œœ�ł.�Ø�Ø ��ł���Œ,��Øł���ł�œł��Æ�Ø��ØØ.�ł���œ�����,��ł��,�ºØœ�œØ�œÆ�Ø,ºªØ�ł�œł��ø�Æ�Ø��ØØ.������º���łØÆ�ø����Œ�œ�Ø����Æ��œ��ø��œ��œœ�œÆº��Ø�Ø�ØœØØ .� �œ�Æ������,ø�ł��œ�ÆØ,���łÆ�,�Ø�ø���,ª���œ����.��ø���ÆØÆÆ�,�º�Øæ���Ø�œ�غ�,�œ���œ�œ���œºÆª�ª�.�Ø�ł º�Ø�ł�����œ�Æ�?�Ø��ł,�œ�����.
œł �(�����Ø�,� Øø��øÆ�ƪ��,���?ª�ØØø��øÆ��º��Æ�Ø�œ:�(øøœ�º��œ���Œ.Æ(ø�ł����œ�Æ��º�ŁÆ���Ø�,�º���Æ���ø����Œ��Ø.�º�ºœÆ,���ŁÆ��ª.���ŁÆ,�����Œ��ØØ .��ª,�����Œ��œ,ø��Ø�ł�ł,ø��ª�ØŁÆ��ª��Øø��ØØ ��œ�ª�.� ���Ø���Łł����,���ØØłøØ �ªØ�Ø ����łœ��Ø�Ø ,øœØªØ ����Æ� �Æ�.
FZDCGFBGIGJF[TZFVZ[\GK[C
ł�(œØªØ �œØª�Æ���ªØ�Ø ,�ł�œ�œØ�ł�łº�ł�Æ�.Øœ��Ø��ł,�،غ���ºÆø�ł�Æ��Ø����?œØªØ �œØª�Æ��łøØ ,�ł�œ�œØ�ł�ł,ª�º�Ł�øł�.Øœ��
Ø��ł,�ØŒ��غ���ºÆø�œ�Ł�øł��ª�º��?���ÆºØ ���ÆºØ .��Æ"�ØÆł�œ���� ,Øø�Ł�œ�Ø�Ø� ,��Øø�ŁªÆ� ,Øł��ªØ�Ø Øø��.º�øºœÆ,�Œ�ªØ�Ø Øª�ø�Œ.
ZMKCFTNFIPGZVZ[\VRIS
œ�(Ø’ø�øªØ,�œÆłØœ,ŁÆœ�ø�ø�œ���ł�øª,Ø�ł�ł.ºØøªØ,�œØœøªØ’,ø��Ø�Ø���ª .ø�Ø��łªª,��Ø����łÆ��øØ,�تº�ÆØ�تœØ.
ºØ�Ø�ł�ł,��ø,º�Æ,�łØ�,ø�Ø��łªª,Ø�łÆÆ�æzł,º�łØ�ÆækB.��ÆØ��ł��ªÆ,º�øºœÆ,ªÆ�łÆ���Ø,�łØÆ�æœłØ .����ø�ºÆ��œ,��ø�
208|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
�º��Øœ�ªłæœ.��ø��º��ª º�Ø�œØ.øº�Ø��,ºŒ����ł�,�łØ��ªÆª.
œ�(�Ø�ł�ł��º�Æ,��ø,��ł�ł,ø�łºØÆØ �Ø���ø.�تø�ª,ø�œ�łºÆ�Ø��łø,ºœÆ�Ø,Ø��łºÆ��ł.ºØØ���������.�ø ����ł�ØÆ,�������ºØ�º .��ªØ�øłºÆ�Ø,�øłÆ�øłø�ł�œ�œ�Ø�Ø�.�œœ�Ø�Ø�,Ø’ªøªØ,ŁÆœ���ł.ø’ªœ�Ø�Ø��Ø�ø�ø�œ���ł.
œ�(ÆłºÆ��Ø����ø�Ø .º�øºœÆ,Ø���Ø�Ææł��ø�Ø .Æ,Ø��’�œ�ØÆ���æł�.�ø ����ت�Ø,�Ø���ØÆł?�ºÆø�œØ�ł.Øø��Øø�ø����ł,ø�Ø���ł�œłºÆ.��� ��øœª�Ø Æ����ł.�ø �����łÆ�Æł� ,Ø�Æø�œ��ł.�ø �����ł��øØ�,�ØłºÆ���ł.
ºØ�Ø�ł�ł��Æ�º����Ø���æØœ�œ��ª ��ø���.�łø�تØØœœØ��ÆØłº��ø�����Ø�Ø�,ø���Æ���łøœ�Ø�ł�ł,��º��Æ�łÆ�ø�œ,��Ø��ł��Ł�ø���ª .��Ø��Ø�ø���ø��ŁØ���ª ,ºŒ��
��ł�.ºØ�Ø’ªøªØ,�œÆłØœ,�����Ø,øÆ��挪�ØłØ�,���Ł�œ�"ł)�’ł�ø�œ(ªø���,ø��º�º�ø�Ø�ł�ł.�ªØ��ø�łÆłØœ�øł�œ,ø��غ����ŁØ�.ª��º�Øø��Ø�ŁÆœ�ø�ø�œ���ł,�ø��Ø.ø’ªœ�Ø�Ø��ł���’�Ø .
�Øœ�Ø�ł�ł�º��ª ,øغ�a�øBœ�œØØłºÆ�Ø.º��ø��œÆ���تØØ�ł�ł,� ºÆø�œ,º�øºœÆ,ƺ��ÆÆŒ,Æø�ØØ�łØŒ,ÆØ�łŁÆÆØ�ł�ł.����,ø� �º�łºÆ�Ø�ł�ł,���º�.�æł��Ø�Ø�ł�ł,øk�ÆøBłºÆ�Ø�º���œ�ø�Ø .º�ºœÆ,Ø��’�œ�ØÆ���æł�,�ø ø�º��ºÆø�œ�æł�.ºœÆ,�Ø���ØÆł�ºÆø�œØ�ł.ºØ� ºÆø�œ,�º��º��ø��œ.�Øø�º��ºÆøÆøØł�æØ ,�ø���Ø�ł�ł��ł�łºÆ�Ø,�Ø�ł�ł�Ø���łª�� .øøØ �œ��œ���œº����łœ.���ø��� �Ø�ł�ł��ł,ºØ��ł�œØœ��ł.º�øºœÆÆ�Æł� ,Ø�Æø�œ��ł.�ØłºÆ���ł.ºØ�º�ºÆø�œ�Ø�ł�łªø�ø��� ��ł�łºÆ�Ø,��ÆØ� ���ø��œ.
Øł�
KZBF=FPXGGFFZB[GRFFYEP\SVZFHGFZ,"VYGEKBGZKK\B,VYGEBYEPBF"
�Ł(Æł�øØœÆł����Ø .��Ø������ł�ø���º��,������ł�œØł�œ�’,���ł�œł�øØœ.øºœÆł�øØœ�º��Øł�œ�’.Øł�œ�’ł�øØœªœ,�ø øªÆł��,Øł��,��ł�ł�øØœ.����øł
��غ�æ�������.������œ�ØØ º��� ...
��(�Øł����łøœ�ø�øÆ�Ø�œ,øœØØ ���,�Ø�Æ��øłøºł�Ø,��œ�Ø�øłø�Øł��.Øø�ª øØł����Æ"�ÆøÆØ�
209 | Øł�
øØ�ØÆ�Ø��Ø�œ,�Øł���ø�����øºæ�,�º���Øł��œœ�ت.����,ø�Øł��ø��Øł����Æ"�,��ø�¨ �œ��øłøºØœ�œ���Ø��øłø,�Øł���Ø�œ�ª�����.Øø�ª �Øł����Ø��Æ"�,�ø øØł���ø�� �����øø���Ø�Ø� .øœØ�Ø�Ø
Øł�œ���,�Øł����ø� ����Øł����ø� �Æ�,�Ø��Ø�ł�Øł��øłø�.
��(�Øł��ø�Ø�Ø�ł��ø�ª ØØł����Ø�ª�,�ø ø��łÆø�ØŁ,�Ø�ł�øłøø�º����œ,�º���øƺ�Ø����Ø.
F’BGZKGK[TK,PPKBKZBVZ[\CPECZ
�Ł(�’�łØØøØ,��Ø�Øł�.ºØ�ø�ª �机�Æ�ł��Ø�,��Æ"���Øł�Ø,�Ø��œØØł���Ø�Ø œ�œ�Ø .º�
øºœÆ,�ØŒØ�ł��’,ºÆª�ØŒØł��.�’���ØØ,ºØ�ø��Æ"����Æ�ª ,�Ø��œØØł�Æ� �º�Æ�تØ�Ø .
Øł�ø�Ø
BKQ\GZF=BKQKZG[NKOVZ[\GKXB
�(łÆØ�ØØ�łÆØ���Ø��ØØøÆØ œ�œ��Ø��œø�øª��B�B.��� łÆØ�ØØ�ł���œ��Ø�,��łłÆØ�ØØ����Ø�,��º�œ�ªłŒø��ª�Ø,�øª���Øł,ø�����Æ�.��ł��Ø�,œ�Æ�œØ��ØŒ��ªØ,øØłø�Ø �łÆ��Ø���Ø�łÆ,º�łØ��º�Ø ��,�ø øØłø�Ø ���Æ�,ªØ�,�ªœ�ªØ�,��łÆœ��ªØ�øÆ�.ºÆł�Øœ�łøœ�æ����Ø���ØÆłØ�� ,Æ�œØ��ªØ��º�Ø ,��ØØ�łØº�ø�Ø ø�Øłø�Ø ,ø��œØ�łÆ,ø�łØº����ø�œł�����œÆ�,�Ø��ªœ,�ø
ø�œł��Ø�ı��ØØ ��ª�Ø�.º����ø�œł��œłłœ���Ł�,øÆ�Ø
�ª æ�Ø Æ�,ı��ØØ �Ø��æœ���Øłø�Ø ø����.�æ���œł���Ł�,øÆ�Ø�ª ��æØ���æ�Æ�,ı��ØØ ,�Øł���Ø�,�æœ����� ,����Æ�.
ø�Ø���ł�œ� ,º���ł�œØłø�Ø .�Ø��º���Øłø�Ø ø��Ł�,ºØ����º�Ø ºÆł�Øø�Ø łÆœ��ł�łÆ�Øłø�Ø .
�(�º�º����ø��º�Ø ø��Ø Ææ��œł�,��غ��� æ���,ºØºœÆ,�����Ø�Æ�تØØ ØªØø.���œł���Ø��,�Øł���Ø�,���ł���Ø�Æ,ƪø�������Ø���æ�,�ªØÆłø�Ł����.�º��Ø��łØºØ ���æØ��œł�.
�(��Ł��ø�����łØÆ�œ���Æ�.ºØºœÆ,� �’��Øø�łØł,�ø���ø�ªø�ł.��øæ�Ø Æœł�,�ªÆ�Ø Æ����Ø,���ł�œł�,�ª�Ø� �Øł��ªø�,���Æ�,���Ø�,ø���ª����Ø,ø�ł�Øł,�����øØ ���Ø ø��� ,�ªÆ�Ø Æø���.ºœÆ,� �Ø�,����Ø,��Øø�łØł,�ø���ø�ªø�ł,ºØæ����Ø�łÆ.
210|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
[PIGB\KZG[NKOVZ[\CPECZ
º(ø���œØłø�Ø ,�Ø�Æ�º���ÆØ�.º���ÆØÆ��œł����Ø��Æ"�,ºØƺ��� øªÆłØœł��ø�Ø ,��Æ"�º��Æ�œØº� ��øØÆØ �ªÆłØ.��Æ"�Æ��ªł�.º�øºœÆ,ƺ��� �øł��ºØł�œø�Ø.��ª,���øø��Ø���Ø ���Ø...
º�(ø���œØłø�Ø .�ø øø����Ø������œ,���Æ���øØøł������Ø Æ�łı��ªø�,øø �œ�Æłœ�Øø�ÆÆ��.�Øł���Ø���ºœ.����ø��œ�º�,ø���ø����ø��Ł�.
Æ���øØøł���Ø� ����Ø Æ�łı��ªø�,�æł��ª �ø����ł�œø���.º�øºœÆ,ø���œØłø�Ø �Ø�Æ�.�Ø�Æ�,Æ���øØøł������Ø Æ�...
º�(ºØÆø���œ��.�º�æœØøł��.øƺ����ø�Ø�Æ��œøºÆœ��ł,�Ø����ł�œø���,ªø��Æ"�ØÆ���Ø�Ø�Ø �œ�����ł,Ø��ł,�œ�łØ��ł��Ø�łØ,Øœ�ÆłØ�ª.���Ø���ł�œø���,ø��œ�º�.��,Æø���œ��.��º���Æ�œØ����Æ��œ��Łł�Øœ��ø���ø�檜���Œ.
IGPG\G[TZKOVZ[\CB
�º�(ø���Æ"�Øłø�Ø ø��Ł�,���ºœ,ºØ�Øłø�Ø ø����,ÆØ��.ø����œø��Øł��ªø�øłØ�.�Øø�º�æ,�Ø��º�æªøØ�œ���øłØ .�Øø��,�Ø���ªøØœ����ªł�œ�����œ.�Øغ���œ��œøłØ�Øł
��ªø�?�Øغ��œ����ªł�œ�����œ?��łÆØø��Æ�Ø��Ø,ø���œ�
�øłØ ø�檜��º��,���œ���œ�ªł�œ��Ø�œ.ºœÆ,Øł��º���ºeł�E�œ��Ø��ª��’.�Ø����Ø��ª��’?��łøÆ"Ø.
XKGQVZ[\BIZKPG\
� �(ºøł����Æ"��Æł��œ�� �œ�œ�,º�ºØ�ø����ø��œ.ø��œØłø�Ø ���ø�º���łı.�� ��ª�Ø�,ø��ł��Ø�,Øæª,��� ����œÆłºœ.��� ���ø��Ø�,�œ�Ø��� ��ØÆ�œ,����Æ��.��øºœÆ,�����Ø ªØÆłØ�ł��łı
���ł�ø�øª�Æ�.��Ø�,�º��Ø�Ø���Ø ��Ø,��Ø�ø�Ø�ø��œ�Ø�Øø��� ���Ø ��Ø.���œÆłº�Øłø�Ø ,���ºœ,�����Ø�,ø�Ø�Øæª.�Ø��œÆłº������,ø���Øł���Ø�.�º���ªÆ��ª�œ�øł,ø�Øł���Ø���ºœ,��ªÆ��ª,�œØØ�ªØ �تØ�Ø�.
KZG[NKO=[NPTNFG[NPJFVZ[\IKK[ZF
�Ø�(Øłø�Ø ,º��łıØøł������œœ�œØ�,ø�Ø����ºœ.�Ø�����œ����
��Ł�.Æ�����:ØøØłø�Ø ����,ø�Ø�ÆØ��,ØøØłø�Ø ��Ł�,ø�Ø�
211 | Øł�ø�Ø�
��ºœ,ºØ����œ��������œ��Ł�.����œØłø�Ø ø��������Æø�Ø�ªªØ ,������Ł�.Øłø�Ø ø��Ł�����Æø�Ø�ªªØ ,������Ł�.�º��Ø�º���.
Øłø�Ø ø�����Ø�ÆØ��,Øłø�Ø
ø��Ł��Ø���ºœ.�ªø�ØØ�øØœ��تœ�ł��Ø ÆªØ��º����Æ��.�œŒ�œº��œ����øª’Æ�Ø�œ,øØøÆØ����ºœÆÆØ��,ØøÆØ����ºœÆ��ºœ.����ø�تœ���ºœ�Ø�º���,ºØØø��ºœÆÆØ��Øø��ºœÆ��ºœ.
Øøł�����Ø
FCGZBFXKTB\F\GZFNMGNOVZ[\CNY
��(�’�æØ�ØÆ�,��º�øºœÆ,�����ºØÆ���ØŒÆÆ���.�æØ�ØÆ�,�����Ø� .�ł��øØł��,���ø��łÆ�ØøØłø�Ø� ł�Ø ��Æ�,�����Øł�Øøł��.�æØ��� �ł��Æ�łÆ�.��ºŒ,��Ø��Øł�Øøł����ł��ł�,���ø��łÆ�Ø��ł�,ø�Ø� ł�Ø ��Æ�,����æØ�Øøł����Æ���ł�Øœł�.
��(�تØ�Ø�œ����� ?��æª�Ø�Øœ����تØø��œE.�œł�Ø����æª�Ø�,�ł�ø���Œ�æœ ,ÆØ��.ºø��Ø��łø���,Ø���,�Æł�,ł����Æ"�Æ�ł���ª ł,ø�Ø��œłÆ��ø ,ø��ø,æ���.�æŁł���ł���ł,Øø�Ø�Æłł��Æ��ł���,� ���łØªª ł���,Ø�� �º�.��� �łØŒ�Æłł�º��º��� .
��Æ(�ł��œæ���,ø�łø�ø,��ł�,�œ�ł���œł�ø�Ø?��ł,��ºœÆÆ�.��ł,��œł��,ºØªØ����Æ"���ł�œ���� ø�łØŒ,øªØ������ øت,ø��غ���ªÆ.��łæ���,�æø� ,œł��ø�Œ��,ø�Œœ�Ø�,�Ø�Øł��œł��.��ł�œ������Ø.��ł,łØÆ��� ,� �œ��œ��œł��Ø,º�
��ø�œØœÆł,ºØº���ø�œØÆ�łØ��.� ��Æ��œł�,��œ�ØØ������œ.��ø�œØ�Ø��ººÆ��ªØ ,��ł��ø�غœª�Ø .� º�,�º�ØœÆŁ����� .
���(łØÆ�ø�� ,���Œ�œł�ø�Œ,��Ø�Ø��Ø�������Æ�.�Æ�� ŁÆ���ØŒ,�łØ� Æ�Øø�Ø�Æ,�� ł�Ø��œł�.���øÆ,ø��ł�Ø� �Łł�.����,�ł��øØł��.�øØł��øØ����ł�Øøł��,º��ł�æ���,øłø�øØł.��łæ���Æ�Æ,ª�Ø� Æ�Øø�Ø�ÆØ�Æ��œł�,ØÆł���� ,��غ��ø�Ł�� .�øØÆ���Æ"�º����Ø ,ºØ�œ�ƺł�Œ�œł�ł�Ø�.��ł�,�łØ��Ø��ƺł�ø�Ø,ø��ºł����Ø�ªØœØ.��ł���Æ"�,ºØ�ø�Ø��œ�ł��øØ�Ø��Œ���Æœł�œæœ���������łØ.��ł,ŁÆ.
��ª(��ł���Æ"�,ºØ�øºŒ,œ��Ø��,�ØŒ�ø�øØ�Æ��œ�Æ�Øø�Ø�Æ,ø�œ���ł.��ł�æ���,łØÆ�
ø�� ,�łØºØ �ø�ª�œ .���ł��ł ø��Æ�œ�ø�Ø ,œ��Ø� ,Æ��Ø�Æ��œ�,�������łø�Ø�œ�
212|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
�œ�Ø��.��øØŁ�����ł,ø�Ø��B���Ø,�œ����Æ"�,øØØœ��œ�Øøł��.��øºœÆ�ł��øØł��.�øØł��ø,
ø��æ���,øºœÆÆ,�ø��øØł�Ø.��,º��ł�Øøł��.
���(ºØ�øÆØł��,�œæ���,�ÆØłª �ł��łø���,Ø���,�Æł�,��ł��łØ�Ø�,�Æł� ,�æª.ł��Æ�� º�ª ł,Øø���.��ł,�ł���łØºØ � º����œ�ª ł.�ł���Æ"���ł�Æ,øłø�Øø���.��ł�,�œ�ł���œł�ø�Ø?��ł�ł�Æ,��ºœÆÆ�?ªØ����º���ł�,��œ���.��ł,�Ø�Ø.� Øłø��Ø��Ø��œØ��Æ"�,�Ø�Øłø�ł�,øœÆØłº���ø�œØ���Ø,��Ø檜��Ø��,ºØÆłºœ��Ø ���œØ,�œ�Æłº�ø�ª�œ�Ø ,øºœÆ�łłÆ.
ºœÆ,��łØœØ�œ�łÆØœØ�œ.ºœÆ,��Ø�Ø��ł��ª .
���(�œ�Ø���œ������ØłØÆ�.��ł�,łØÆ�ø�� ,ø�ØÆ�Ø Ø����Æł� ,���Æ�Øø�Ø���,œ��� ,�� �Ø�ł�Ø�.��ł���Æ"�,�Ø�Øغ�,ºØ�œ��ƺł,�Œł�Ø��œł�.�œ�Ø���œ������Ø.��ł,łØÆ��� �ƺł�ø�Øœ�Ø��,�ł���ø��ØØłøœØÆøÆØ��ƺł�,��œ��� .ºŒø���Æ"�,��øºœÆ��Ø��ł��ł�...
���(ºØ�ø�����Æ"��œ�œ����Øøł������øłØ �ø�ŁØ �øØø���,Æ��ł��º�łÆÆœ�ªø����Ø �ø�ł��Ø ,�øØÆ�� º�º�æ���ł�Æ.�º� ����ØÆ��œ�œ�œœ�Øøł��.
RT[FGR[PTVZ[\NLNL
øŁ�(ałº�’���ºØøØªÆł,�ø�Æ��ªÆł.�øłØ� Øøł���º�ø�ł��œ�� ,ø��Æ"�Æ�łÆ� �º�ø�ł��Ø .ø��œ �������œ.�º��œ��� �œł���ªø�,�ø øº� �ØÆł����ª��łæØ�Ø,��ªØ�øØ��ø�Ø�.ø��ł�ø��ª ��ø�.
øŁ�(ºØ�ø��ªØ�øØ��ø�Ø�,�ł���Æ"�����ºØ .��ł�� ,ªº���ØØœ ���ØØØ�ØªØ Æ� ,�º���Ø�Œ���Æ�ØØÆ�łı�ÆłØ �º �º�ªÆł,�Ø��º łøœ��ªø�œø�Ø,ªøØøł��Øœ�Æł�º Æ�łı.º�º Ø�ªœ�Ø�ÆłØ ��ªø�œø�Ø,�ø ø��ªØ�øØ��ø�Ø�,º����ºØ ��Ø�Ø øØ Æł�Ø,º�øºœÆ,ałº�’
���ºØøØªÆł�œ�Ø��,��łºŒºœÆ,�ø�Æ��ªÆł.
øØ�(ałº�’���ºØ.��� ��ªØ�Ø Æ�łı,ø� ��øÆØ ���Ø��Æ"�º����ºØ ��Ø�Ø Æł�Ø,�ø ø� �ØÆłØº�,ø�œ�ÆłØ �Ø�ł ,º�ØÆł��œ�Æł�ø��Ø.�ø�Æ��ªÆł,ø�ºØ ƺ�Ø �ø�����ł ƺ�ø�ø�łØºØ .
øØ�(�Øغ���ª�� , ����ªøØ ��Ø�Ø ?�øłØ� �غ�Ø ��ª���Ø� .�øłØ� �غ�Ø ��Ø����� .�ø��œø���Æ"��Ø� ƺ�Ø .�ØŒ��غ�Ø ��ª���Ø� ?�º�ºœÆ,�øłØœÆ�łœ�łÆØøº���łØE.ºœÆ,�øłØ�ª ��aŒ.
213 | Øøł�����Ø�
EGEKNKGBRKNGVZ[\RI
��(º�øł��Æ���œ���œ Æłºœ����ºł�Ø,Æ�Ø Øøł��Ø��Ø ����Æ�ƪ .�º�ºœÆ,ÆØ �ø�Ø�Ø,�łœœ�Ø��º .�łœ���æ�.ºØº���ø��æ���Æłºœ��Ø�œ,�Ø� Ø��Ø �����Ø ��łØ ,�ı�Øøł��Æ�ƪ.�ø ��ºœÆ,�łœœ�Ø��º .�º ,���ø�ł�Ø .�º ,���ø�ł���Ø .
�Ł(�º�Øøł����ł�Ø �œ��Æ"�Æ�Ø ,ø��æºØ ����Æ�.ºªØ�œœ����Ø ø����œ�����Æłºœ,øØœæ�Æ��ØœłÆ��łºŒÆø��œ ø�Øøł��,º�øłØØ��Øøł��Æłºœ��Ø�œ.�Ø ��ºœÆ,ªªØ�Ø��Ø�.ø��ł�Ø��œłÆ��.
�Ø(�ø����Œ,ø���Ø��œ��Æ
�æª�,ø��ø�ÆØ �æØ ,ºªØø��Æ���ŒØªø���Œł��Æ.��ł���Œ,œ���Øł���ø�� ��ÆØ�ƪ,��Ø�œØł�,ø��Ø��Ø�ÆœŒ�æª� ��ÆØ,ØÆ�º����øŁłØ ����Ø ,ØøÆ�����ø���,�æªæªœ�ø��� ��ÆØÆØ�ª.
��ø����Æ,����ªØ œÆøØ�Ø ø�Øł�œÆøłøł,��łØÆ��º����Ø�œ �øŁłØ ����Ø ,��łºŒØøÆ���Œ ��Æ,��œ�æª���Ø���º��ª�Ø� .ƪø�� ���ŒÆ�ƪ,ø�����º��łºØ,���œ��,���Œø�� ��ÆÆ�ƪ,�łØ ��ØœłÆÆØ�Ø� .ºŒØøł�� ��Æ"�.�ø ��ºœÆ,ÆØ �ø�Ø�Ø�łœœ�Ø��º .
FPYJZDKOIGHZKONBFGCB\K[ZBNVZ[\BPGZ
ł �(º�����łÆ�œ,’)70(�łØ ,���œœ�������Ø ø�ø�ł��Ø .ºØ�œŒø��Æ"���Æ�œÆ�Ø,ł��øº��øłØ Ø�Ø��ÆØ ø�� .º�øºœÆ,Æł�œ�’ªłºØ�Øø,� �ØÆØØø�Ø �Øœ.
ø��Ø�º����Łł�Ø ��Ø�Ø ��łØ ��Øœ��ÆØ �Øøł��.ºø�º�œø������łØ ��Øœ��ÆØ �Øøł��,º���ø��Ł����œº��º��.
PT[KK[ZBNYGCTKOFMNVZ[\GKIK
œØÆ(�Ø���łØøł���øØ ŁÆØ ���Ø��Æ"�,���Ø�ªØ �Ø� �Ø º" Æ� .�Æ�Øøł���ł�Ø �ø�ł��Ø ,��łØ �œł�ø Æ� ,ºØ� Øøł�����Ø�Ł�Ø ���Ø��Æ"�,�Ø
ø�ł�Ø º" �º�Ø ���Ø� .
œØ�(� ���Ø��øØºØ Øøł��Æ�øØ łØ ��ª���łÆ�łıØøł��,���Øø�ŁØ ø�ł�Ø º" Æ�łıØøł��,���������łı.���ºœÆ,ºØª�B�e��ª,ø�Ø����øØ ŁÆØ ºł�Ø.
214|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
CDNG\,K[ZBNRKHGRKOP[]KZ#KKO[NFBGPG\VZ[\\ZGPF
œ�(�º�œøÆœÆłºœ�œ�’���ØŒ.º����øłØ Øøł��,ø��Æ"�ł��Æ� ,�ØłÆ�œ ��Ø�º���Ø ,ÆøÆØ�Øøł�����œ����øÆ�º��� ,� ��Øøł��,���Ø���Æ"��œ����œ�� .œ�øØøł��Æ��œ,���œº��º��øº��� ��Æ�Ø ���œøƺ��ØØ ,ºªØø�œ��Øœ�� Øæ�Ø��Øøł��.
œ�(Æ���ø�ØØøł��Æ�łı��ªø�,�Ø�Øłª�� ������ �Ø�,� �œ����œ��Øœ��Ø º" ,��Ø º� �Ø���œ��Øœ.œ�øØøł��Æ��œ,�œ��Œ�ªÆłÆ�����ł,ø������Ø���œ�� ,Øøł����Æ�Ø �� œ��Øœ.
œ�(�ø����Œø�ºØ�æª��Æ�ØÆØœ,º����ø� øØ ł��,�º�Ø
Ææª� ���Œ,�œ�Ø �º�ÆØ ���ø���œ��łł.Æø�øÆ�ØÆØœ�Ø� øØ ł��ø����Œ,�œ�º��æª��º�ÆØ ,�œ��Æ�ØÆØœ���œ.
œ�(º����øØøł��øØ ł��ø��ª� ,����ø������Œ� �º�Ø º��æª��º�ÆøÆØ� ,�ø���ø�� � �œ�Ø ���œ,ø��œ��Øœ,�º" .º����øØøł���Ø� øØ ł��ø��ª� ,��ºØ Æ��œ,�æª��Øœ���º�ÆØ ,�� �Øœ���œ��Øœ.º�øºœÆ,ºº�Ø�º�Æ�ØØøł���œ��� Ł��Æ�ØØ .ºØ�º�Ø �œ��Øœ��Ø�ø�� ,���� ���æ.�Ø�Æ���Œ,øØøÆ�����ø���ø��ƪ,ø��ø�ø�ł�ø������º�.
M[K[ZBNRGVNKO,FODZGTKOKG\ZPMGNOVZ[\GKIK
���(��ÆØ�Øøł���º" ?Øøł��,ºø�����ª �œ,���Ł���º����ÆØœ�Ł��.��ø�º" �Ø��Ł�����ł,���Ø�Ł��ºø���œ.
���(Øøł��ø�œ,º���ªøœø��ª��ÆłØ ���,�Æł����� ��ªø,�Æł���ł���ªø.�ø�ł��Ł��.
���(�Æ�º" ,�ºłØ,ƪƪ��ł�,øÆ�ØØŁ���º���ªªØ ,��� ø�Ł��,�ł�ø�Ł��.�ø øŁ��œ��
øłœÆœº,�æł��Ø�łÆ���.ºØ�ø�œ,Ø��œº����Ł��œ���,�ø�ł���Æ�ØŁ����Ł���œ.
��Ł(����Øø���ø�� Ł��ÆØ�Æ�ØØ� ÆØ�Æ�Øœœ ,�Æ�Æ�ØØ� ,øº��Ł��œ����œÆ� ,Øø�� º��Ł���œ��łØ .Æ�Øœœ ,øØ��º��Ł��œ�� ,�Ø� غ�Ø �Ł���œ.��ø�Øøł�����ł�œØº��Ł���œ��łØ ,�ø øº���ªøœØ�����,øł��Ø�ª���ł.
[FG\K[ZBNCYZCTOBIZPIHY\BG\GVZ[\[PG\
�(Ø� ��Œ�ªø���łØ .º���Ø øÆ� º����ºØ øÆ� ,��
�œ���Æ��ø�œ ���ÆøÆØ�Øøł��.��łØ ���Øø�ŁØ �º��� ,ª
215 | Øøł�����Ø�
øÆ�Øøł���º�æø Æ��œ.���œ�Æł�º���Ø øÆ� .ÆÆ����œ����º���Ø øÆ� ,���ÆøÆØ�Øøł��,øØ�ØÆ��œ��� .�ªB ���œ����º���Ø øÆ� ,���ÆøÆØ�Øøł��,øØ�ØÆ��œ��� .ºØ��Ø ����ØÆø��œÆØ�ø�ł��Ø ,�ØØłªØ �º� ,ÆøÆØ�Øøł���œ���.
�(��łØ �Øø��Ø �º���Ø .ÆªØ ��ø��ł�Ø ,ºØ���łØ �Øø��Ø �º���Ø .ÆÆ��Øø��Ø ,º�øºœÆ,���łıºøªØ ��� ���Ø�.�ªB �Øø��Ø ,øºœÆ,����Ł���œœØŒÆ�ØØ ,Æ�Ø�œ���ª.
�(º� �Ø� ��Æ�Ø œ�����ÆøÆØ�Øøł��.ºØºøØøł��Æ��œ��� ,� �œ���Ø �ت�º���Ø øÆ� .
�ø øØøł��Æ�ƪ � º��ªº���Ø øÆ� .ºø�º�æØøł��Æ��œ��łØ ,�ت�ØØœ��Ø�����łØ ,�œ������ø�œ �����º���Ø ,øºœÆ,Ø� ��Œ�ªø���łØ .Ø� ,�Øłø�Ø���ØØœ��� ,ø�œ���� �œ���Œ��������ø�œ��łØ ,�Øœ��œ����ø���º�����Ø ø�ø�ł��Ø .
ºØ�œ�Ø���Øœ���ø����œ�����ø����,��łºŒ� ø�ø��Ł�.�ø ����ł�ºœÆ,Ø� ��Œ�ªø���łØ .�������ø�� ,�ªø�Ø�,ºØª�Ø ������Ø����ø���ø�ł��Ø ,œ��� ��ø��º���Ø øÆ� .���œ�ØØ ,œ�œø�øł����łı,œ�œÆªºØØ��Œ.ºØ���łØ �ØÆªØ .
SKC\XTZO[NK[ZBNVZ[\VRIS
���(Ø ��ªÆ��łÆØ��Ø�ł�º ��ª�Ø,��ł�������...
��ª(�œ ��łØ ,ø�œ �łÆØ ���Œ��Ø�Øœł�º�ø�ł��Ø .�Øø��łÆ�����Œ,��ø��œ�تÆ���ł,Æ��Øł��,Æ���łœ.�łØ�œ ����Ø œ�تÆ�łÆ�łœÆØ��Øœł�º�Æ�Ø�� .��,���łÆ��Ø��ł�ł�Ø��º��,�łØø���łÆØ ���Œ��Ø�.�œ ł��Ø ���,�º�Øø�º �ł�ł��Æ�Ø��,��ø�Ø���...
��Æ(�ø���øø���œ��Ø,��ºŒ.ª�Ø���łÆØ ����Œ��Ø�Øœł�º�ø�ł��Ø .ª�غŒ��,øØøł��,ø��œ ��Æ"�,�Æø�º��� .ºŒ� Øøł��ÆØ�ø�ł���œ,º��ÆÆØ���ØÆłØ .º�ø�ØÆłØ�����غ���œ�ØØ Æ� ��Ø�ł���ªÆ�Ø��Æ,
ºŒº���Ø �Ø� غ�Ø ��œ�ØØ Æ� Æ��Øøł��.� Øłø�Ø �Ø�ºŒÆØ�ø�ł��ł�œ,º��ÆÆØ���ØÆłØ .�º��Ø�Æ���ø�º��� ,º��Æø��Æ�����ØÆłØ .
���(Øøł������Ø œŒø�ł��Ø ,º���ÆÆœŒ��ØÆłØ .��Æ��łŒ��ø���Ø ø�º���ØÆłØ ,º���ØÆłØ �Ø� ØªØ ��ł�ł�Ø��º��,�����Æ,øÆ��Ø Æ�œÆ��.ø�ł��ØÆłØ ,�Ø���ł�Ø���łÆØ ��Ø� º��,ºØ�Ø�Æ� �Ø ,�Ø� ØªØ º� .º�ø�ł��ØÆłØ �Ø� �łÆØ �����Œ,ø����º���œÆ��,�øłØ Æ������Æ.ø�ł�ØÆłØ ł��Ø ���,�Ø� ØªØ ���º��.ºŒØøł���łÆØ �����Œ��ªø,ø�ł��Ø ł��Ø ���.
216|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
IG[L[CJG,[GRBCRGVZ[\[PG\
øª(ºœÆ,�Bø�CøÆŁø��Æ�.ºœÆ,��ÆœØ�œº ,��ł�’.ºœÆ,�œøø��œØ.ø��œØ��º�øºœÆ,�øŒøÆŁø��Æ�.ø��œØ�œ,�º�
�ø�˙ºœØøÆŁ���.º�øº�œ��تØ�º�Ø ,ø�Ø��øŒøÆŁ�� ,ø��Æ"��Ø�ł��,øØØ�łª�ı��ØØ ��Ø�ł���œ.
P[NFPJZGRK\BGFVKND[KOVZ[\C[NI
��(...ƪ�����Œ,ø��ª�Æ�Łł�Øœ��Ø��.ł�����Œ�Ø�łø��,ø�Ø����º�ø�ł��Łł�ØœœøÆ� .��ł,º����øÆœ��Ø��øØ º��Ø�Łł�Øœ���ø�Ø.�Ø����º��.���ø���.���º��ÆØœø�ØØ�Ø�ÆتØ�.��Ø����Œºł�,�œ�º�ªÆłØ���ŒØ�Ø��æłØ Æت��Łł�Øœ�.���ت���ŒÆتØ�º�º�Ø�Ø�ø�,º�Æ�Ø������,º��Æ�ØØ�łø����Œ,º���łœ���Œ.��ł,�œ�,º��ØøØÆ�ø�ªÆł�Ø,��غ��ªÆł�Ø,ªøتØ����Łł�Øœ�.
��Æ(ºŒ��Æ"��łÆ��ÆØÆœ���Æ�ø�ƺ�æœØøł��,���ºœ,���ت�º�Æłøœ�.��ł,�łØº��ø�ł,�Ø����øÆœ�����º� .��ł,øØøØ ������ºœ,
��œ�Ø�Ø�œØœ�œØ.���ø���,���,º��ÆØœø�ØØ�Ø�ÆتØ�.��Ø����Œºł�,�œ�º�ªÆłØ���ŒØ�Ø��æłØ Æت��Łł�Øœ�.���تÆتØ�º�º�Ø�Ø�ø�.º�øºœÆ,����ØŁœø�ø���øØøØ �ØÆłØ æÆØÆ��,º� ���Ø�łÆ���ªØ�����.
���(��ł���Œ�º�����������œø�ØœØ�æł��ÆتŒ,º�Ø��Ø�ø�ØÆ�Ø������Ø�ØÆتŒ.�º��������œœ�ØØø�łœ�Ø.º�øºœÆ,ø�łØøł��,ø���Øł���Ø�,���ł�Øøł��.�º�������,�Øø�łØŒ�Ø��غ��ªÆł�Ø,ªø�ªØ��Łł�Øœ�.øºœÆ,Æ��œØÆ���ł�����ªø.��œ�Ø����ºœ.�Ø�ø�Ø����Œ�º�.����ø�º���ÆتØ�,����ºÆª��Łł�Øœ�.
BN\KZBK\GNT\KTYCVZ[\GK[NI
ł�(º��Ø�� ƪغ" ,�œ��œ ��Æ"�œ�œøłØ ���Ø ØªØ .º� ��ºØ ��ł���Ø� .º� ø�ºØª�Ø øØ�����,���Ø �ºØ ����Ø ,�œłÆØ Æº��øØ �øØ ��ł,�œ�ÆłØ œ�تƺ� ��ł.
ł�(Øøł��,�Ø��� �Æł�º������œ ,ł�Æ�Ø� ,Æœ�Ø��.º�œ�œ,
ø�Ø����Æł�º�,���Æ��.Æ���Ø�øÆłœ�º�.�º���ł�Ø Øøł��œ�œ.
ł�Æ(��œØł�Øœ�œØ�Æ.��œ�œ,�Ø��ø ÆłØØ�Æ� ,º��œ�œ��ø�ŁØØœ��øØ,ø����Ø��Ø º��Æøغƪ,œ�Æøœ���ºØ ,���łŁØØœ��łœ�ł�œ�,��łºŒ��œ�łø�ø�ł��������œ�ØØ�
217 | Øøł�����Ø�
º��ª �º�øÆ�Ø��Ø�,ºŒ� Øøł��º�œ��œ�œ.ø����Øø�œØ ,Ø��łØ�ØÆ� º��ª �º�.
ł��(º����ł,ºØº��łÆت�Ø�ł,º��œ a�تØÆØœØøł��.����łø��œ��ººØœ,�øł����Øø�øÆłœ,��łœ
�œœ��œ,Øø��œ���º��ª �º�.ºŒØøł��,����Øø�œØ ,��łØ �œ�ØØ�.
ł�ª(Øøł��,��ı��ØØ ,�Øł���Ø�.�ø øÆ�ØØøł���œªÆ�Æı��ØØ ,Ø�Ø�� �ØØ ,Ø����ł,Øœ�ØØ�Æ� ,Ø�Ø� ��ª�ƪ�œ��Æ"�.
�Łłœ�ØØ
NFZFZCNCGHGFZIE[,CZB[K\
œø�(���Ø�œ���ØłªœØ�ł�œa��aØ����.ł��º��Øø��ª ��ł�ł�ª�ª�Æ�Æƺ�Ø Ø ��ø�øÆ�øØ,�ª�ª�ƺ��ØØ�Ø.Ø�ł�łÆ�Æ,
ø��a�ł�B��Æ"��œ�Æ�ø���Ø��,����ø�łÆłØœØ,�����ł�łÆƪœ��تÆ�Æ,��Ø�Œ��ł��Æ�.
Y[KG\FNCVZ[\CFTNG\L
��(º��� Æ�Ø�ª �øØ�Æ,ø�Ø� �ø�Ø�Ø ÆªÆłØ� ���º� .�łøÆ�Æ,����ƺ��ØÆłØ���,ø��� �œ��.Øøł��øłœ�œ�ø�ø,łÆ��Ø�
���ª .�ł����Ø�œ���łøÆ�Æ,øł���ø�ŁÆªÆłØ� ���,�Ø��ø�Ø�ÆªÆłØ� ���º� .
TKRKKONZBG\GNCNF[DKIVZ[\BIZKPG\
�(��łłÆØø��,œ����Ø�Æ�Ø�� ,ø�Ø��� Ø�ØØ �ł�œ,�Æ��ø�Ø�,�Ø� ØªØ ,�Ø� ø�Ø �Æ ��机�Æł���ª� .�ØŒ� Øø�Ø ,�Ø� ��Ø �ø�œ ,ÆŁł øØÆ��œ�Ø ,ø�øŒ����غæ�Ø� ,Æ���Ø�ª�ØœÆ�øÆ��� .
�(�ºł��ł��Ø� ƺ�Ø ,�ø�œ �ت�Æ� ƺ�Ø �Ø��,�œł��łØ����œ�º��ª,��łœ,ª�œØ
�œ�Ø œ��Æ�œØ.�Ø�œØØæł���,�æł�Æ��ł��.�º���eÆ���Ø,øœÆØØ��æº�œØ.�Ø��ØøØŁ����,�Ø��ØøØłł�Æ.
�Æ(œØªØ ªłœ���ł�Ø øØÆ�,ø�œł�œøœº��ÆØ�Ø� ,�º�Ø�ÆØœ�æ����� ,��ØØ����ØøØæ�łØ�œ�Æœł�.�Ø��œ�ªł,�º���������Ø�Ø�ºªł���,ª�ªłøØÆ���øØ�,�ªœœœłłÆ� ,øºœÆ,ºØº� ت�œØ���Ł� ª�ª� .
218|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
IMPFTNKGRFVZ[\\GNEG\
�Ł(º���ø��Æ"�ø�Æ�łı,�º���Ææª��º��,�º���ºªØ��łœ�º���Ø���Æ�Ø�ª ,ºªØøØ���ª��œ ��øØ æªœ��º��.�º���
ºł�Ø��Øœ.�øغ� � ªłºØ�œł�,�ø øªłºØ�œł�� ªłºØø���Æ"�.�Ø��ŒªÆł�Ł�,ø��Ø�Øƺ��ªłºØ øÆØ�Ø æªœ�º����Ø��.
VYKI\TKRKKOVZ[\GB\IRQ
��(œØª��Æ"�����Ø�ØØ ,ø���Ø�º�œ,øØ机�Æ�º���Ø��,��øØ���ø���øØ�Æ� ���,ºªØøØºØł�œłØÆ� .�øłØ� ��ªØ�Ø ,øØ�º
��º����Ø�,ø�Ø��º��º�œ���º��,�Ø�تØ�º�œ��تØ�,�Ø�ªÆ�œº�œ��ªÆ�œ.
FIMPF[FBEOXZKLNET\HGFZIE[,[KZF[KZKO
œÆ(��º��ø��ª �łØŒ�ªœ�œ�:�ªœ��机�Ææª�ª�,�ªœ�œ��,øت�Ø��,�ØŒ�Æł�,��Ø���Æ�,�����Ø�Œ,œØ������ØŒ�œœ��,�ØŒ��œØª�Æ�ƪØ����Ø��Œ�º�.
œ�(�ªœ��机�Ææª��ø��.���Ø���øøÆ,��Ø�Æ��,����Ø�Æ��Æ�����,ø��ŁØ��æł��,ø�Ø º����łÆ�Æł.�ªœ�� ø������Æ,���Øœœ���� .Ø机�Æ檜��Ø�Ø ø��� ��Ø�,�ªœ�ª�.º���Ø机���ª �œŒæªœ�œł�.
œª(º��Øø��Œ�� ���Æ��ت؜檜�œł�,��Ø�ØøÆ�łÆ��øØ ŁÆØ ,��Ø�Ø �œ�º��øłØ ø��� ���.
œ�(��ت��Ø,��łœ��ø�����Æ"�,��ł�Ø檜��º����Ø��,�ØŒ�œ�ł����Ø�Æ� ��Ø�.��ª�œØ檜��º��,ø��تœØ����ªœØª
���,ºªØø����Ø�ÆÆø�ÆØ�����ªł�œ��Ø�œø��ØÆ��ÆØ�Ø��.
œ�(��Æ"��øØÆ��ø��,� ��œªØ�Œ�Ø��Æ�øØ ,� �œÆ�œ,���机�œÆ�º���Łł øÆ�œ�º��,�Ø�ŒØªœ�œæªœ�� ��Ø�,��Ø�Œ,�Ø��œł�Ø��º��æ�º��Æ�ØتØ�.��Ø�ŒÆ��ÆØ����,œœ����Ø� ø�ØØ��� ,œ�ØØتœÆ��ÆØ�������,ø� Æ�Ø�ª ,ø���øØ ªøØ �œ Æ�Æ,ø���Ø�Ø �œ �ø��Ø ,� ØªØ �檜��Ø�Ø ø��ª� ,Æ� œªØ��机��ªœ,�� œ��ªØ.
œ�(Ø�ªØ ø�ÆØœłÆ ,øÆÆØœ��ªłø,��ªØ œł���øº�œ�łØ ,���Ɯغ�æ؜ƜØ�ªłøœ,øø � ��ªØ �º���Ø��.����Øø� ��ØªØ ,ºØØ�ªØ � ,�œœªØœÆØ�Ø�œŒªÆłØ��º��ø� ��łØ .
219 | �Łłœ��ØØ�
KGRF[KZENSVKRFVZ[\GKYFN
(Ø��øØłª���Ø�,������ø��ø���ª ,øØłªœ�� ���,��ØœÆ��ø��ª .��ł�œØ��,�ø ø��łø�øœœ��Æ��,���Ø�Ø��Æ� ���,ø�Ø��ł������ø���p��œ�,º�øºœÆ,��œ��Øø�œ�Øœ.����Œ��ª Æ� ���º��Ø�ÆØ ��ª���øÆœ��ØøÆł.º�øºœÆ,���Ø��ØøÆ���ØøÆł.
Æ(ºø��ª Æ� ����Ł��øÆø��Æł���ª�,ºØ�ª��Ø��ø�Ø�Æ� ���,���ŁØ���Æ"�ł�æł�����,ø����łœ�ªØ�,��ªœ�ت���Ø��Æ"�,�Æ�øœ����تØ����ª .ł�æł���Ø�����Ø�,��ºØł�œØø���ª �œ�ø�œ.
�(ºØ�ø�œ�ø��ª �تØæł�
ÆÆØœ�B�Ø,ºœÆ,Ø��Øłª��ØłºœØ�æ�Ø��ØøºÆØłª .����Øø��ª ÆÆØœ�B�Ø,�Ø���ø���œłłœ�øÆ���Ø�ª����ªœ�œØ.ºœÆ,Ø�łÆ��ØłÆ��Æ�.łÆ��Æ���Ø�ł�ŁÆ,ø���Ø��º�.Ø��ł�,���Œ�łª ,� �ł������ØŒ.�Ø��ø��� ,ºØ��Ø �œŒ�ªØ��º���øøØœÆ� ���,øÆ��œØŒ.
ª(�机�ÆªÆłØ ��,øÆ��ª�Œ.�����ºœŒ,øæ�œÆ�Æ� ���.œœª��Ø����Ø�ª�Œ.�机���Ø�Æ�œ,�ŁØ��æł��,��œœ������Ø.���ł�Œ,�机�ø�œ��Æł���łı,��łıœøÆ.�机�,� Øø�Œ�ºœ�Æœøœ���ØŒ.
BOKS\ZBK[CPS\ZKOVZ[\RI
��ª(� Øqœł�ØøÆ�æœłØ ,��Ø���ł���� �’...
���(ƪ�����ŒøÆ���ł��,ø��œ�œ�ł���ł����Æ�Ø �Æ�łØ .�Ø�Ø ,�łªÆ�Ø��ł��a��Œ,��Ø��œ ���ŒÆ�ØØ�œØ.��ø,Æ��æœØł
�� œŒ���Ø�œ��Æ�łœ.��ł���Œ,��ØøØœØ�œ���Æ�Ø ���,����ØØ�œ ł�Ø ��朜łÆ� .º�øºœÆ,� Øæœł�ØøÆ�æœłØ ,��Ø���ł���� �’.��Ø��øøØœØ���Ø�œ��Æ�łœ.øØœØ�ł�øŒ.�œ ,�ØŒœº���Øæœł���ØØ?
BEOGCFPFVZ[\[NINL
º(�ŁØ�øØ ,ø�Ø� ØªØ �Ø� �机�Ø Æ�º��,��łØ ø�� �����ŒÆ��ł�,�Ø���Æ"��ø�Ø��Ø� ,�����ł���ª ��ł��Æ���,��ł���ª.
ºÆ(ºøø����机�ÆŁØ�øØ ��,
ø��łØ ��,�ł��œ Æ���,ø� øØ �œ�� Æ�����ø,Æ��ø��łØ ªÆłØ ��...œØ��ł� ø����Æ��œ,���ŁØ�øØ ,����æłØ�����,�Ø�� �Ø���ø ,ŁÆ�� ø���ØÆ�Ø �� .
220|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
NVEG\VJZIPGZ=NVEG\RV[GVZ[\YGZI
�Æ(º�tŁłł� ,�º�Æøł�øłØ�łØÆe��’Æ�ª ÆÆ���,Ø�Ø��Œ,�œÆºł�Æ���œ�ª�.�����Ø���ªœ�Łł��ł.��ªœ���� �Æ�.�
�ª øØ�Œ�� ���,��Ø�ª���øł��ø�œÆœł�,œØª���ł��œ����Æ� ���ºÆœ�Ø��,º�øºœÆ,ØøÆ�Ø�Ø��Ø,��Æ���øł��ø��.
ø��œ
R[P\BEOFZB[GQVZ[\GBZB
�Æ(º��� ���øØ �Ł�Ø ,ø�Ø� ØªØ �Ø� �机�Ø ���� ����Ø Æ� .ø�łØ��Æ"�ºøÆł��œ�� ,ø��œ��ª Æ���,�œ�Ø��œÆœØ��Ø,ºªØøØæ�Æœł�Ø�ŒÆªłºØ.
��(ºØºø�Æł��ª �ł�ø�,���œœ����łÆØœ���ªøø��Ł�,���ºœø��ł�œ�ł,�Æ����ºœ���œ�œÆÆØ��,ø��ł�œ�łÆØœ���ªøø��Ł�.�łÆł�œ�� ,�"�œ"�)�æª�Æł�,œ��łœ��ºœ(,�œ�ÆłÆ��
���,ø��ł�ÆØœ���ªø,Æ��ºœ���œ�œÆÆØ��.���łÆł�œ�� �œ�ÆłÆ�łÆ�ªªØ ,ø� Ø檜�� ,�øł��Ø �ł,��Ø�Øœ�"�œ"�.�œ�Æłª’ł�œ�� ƪ’Ø檜�� ,œØ����Æ"��� ����ªÆœØ����Ø�,ø��ÆØ��,ø���ºœøÆ�ØØœ���œ�œÆÆØ��.����,ø������œ�Æł�ø�Ø��œ,�� ����œ�œ�,��ºœ,�� ��Ø�,ÆØ��.���ØØ�Æ’��ªœø�œ�ÆłØ�ª.
FKF,FGGFGKFKF=CC\BI\VZ[\BIZKPG\
�ª(��ø�Ø�ºÆł��,�øł��ØœºÆł�Ø�.��ø�Ø�ºÆł��,�Łł øÆł���Æ"�� ���,�Ø�Æł���œ��łØÆ ,ø��øÆØłœ�º�Ø .ªø��Æł��ø���Æ"�,�Æł�� ���,�ı �œł�,ø�Ø������Ø.�����œœ��ÆœØ��Ø,�œŁłÆŁłœØ,Æł�� ��.º���ø����Æ� ���,�Ø������Ø,Æœ�ÆłØ��,�œœ�����Ø.
��(º������Ø�Ø�� ,�����Ø Æº�ªłªł,�Łł øÆ��� ,�Ø
����Ø ���Ø��Æ"�Æ�łœØ� .��Ø�º����ø�œÆ�Ø�ª ,ªø��œÆ����� ,º�����œ���ØÆł�Ø,Æ�œ���ł���øø� Æ� ���.º���ø��ªœÆ� ���,تœ�º�ÆŁł øœÆ����� .��ª�,øº�����Æ�ªØ�Ø��œ.
��(º���ø�Ø� ����Ø �ªØ�Ø Æ� ���,��Ø�ø ,����,�Łł øÆ��� ,�œł��Ø ����Ø��Æ"�,�º�æØ Æ��Æœ� ��ª�,ª��Ø �œ�ø�,
221 | �ø��œ
ØłªØ �� .�ø��ø�� ,º�ø�Ø��øœł�Æ� ���,ºŒ�ØØœ��Łł øÆ���� .�œ������ªøø�œ��� ��Æ"���ª��ªø�,�ł�Ø �œ,��ºØ �øŁŁØ ,�Ł��Ø Æ��Æ���ø��œ� ��ª�,���Ø ��� �ø ,ª��Ø �œ�ø�,ØłªØ �� .� �º���łºŒ��łÆœøÆ����ØłØÆ�,������������ø���ø,�����ªø�ø�ø�ØŒ����.º�øºœÆ,��ø�Ø�ºÆł��,�øł��ØœºÆł�Ø�.
ºØÆœÆłØ�œ��ø�œ,ƪ ����,�Łł øÆ��� ���œ�œ����,� ����Ø Æ���Øœø��������,�øł�Ø���Ø�Ø��ø�øØ ø ÆÆœ��œºŁÆ����Øœ.����,øº���øØ øØø��ø�œÆ����ł��,ºøØÆ�Æ� ���,ºÆł� ����Ø ø��ÆÆœ
��œ.º�øØ� Æ� ���.ºØº��œł�øœØªØ ���ªÆ� ���Æ�øŒØ�Øø�Ø�ØØ� ,ºÆł�Ø�����œº��ø��.º��øØ� �łØ ºÆł��ØłØ Æ�ø�œ .º�øœØªØ ��ø�ØŒ�����ªø�Æ� ���,º�� ø .� œØªØ Æ� �����Ł��øœœøÆ�,Æ����ł��,��Øł������ÆÆœ��œºŁÆ����Øœ.ø� ��ºÆł��Øłø .
Øø��łøÆØ���ø���œØª���ØœÆ�ªØ�,ÆØ��œØª���ØœÆłø.ºØ�œØª���ØœÆ�ªØ�,����œºÆłø��ƺ��ªøœ�.�º��Ø��ł���Æ��� ���,���ł������� ,���Æ��łœ��Æ"�.�Æ��œ���ø���œØª���ØœÆłø,�Ø�ª��œ�œ�ø��Æ���œ�ÆøÆ������ .ºØ�Ø��ø�œ�����.
FR[PFMNGNFPFCGZBGPF[MKRFVZ[\\ZGPF
œ��(�Ø øØłø��ª ��ø��,�º������Æ"�øºØ�œ,�ø���Ø���ł�Æ�.��ø��łªªÆæ�łœ��Ø ,
�æ�ł�����,�’��ł��ØØÆ�Ø�œ�,��Ø�Ø Ø�تœØŒ.ø�����ƺ��ª Æø�ø�øØ���ø��.
BI\FKBKGR\K\P\KVZ[\IKK[ZF
��(��œ�Ø�Ø�œØœ�œØ,��œ�Ø���ø��.��Øøº��ÆøØł�øØłØ ,���ł�Ø ��ø��Æ�ø���Æ�,Ø�œØœ�œØ,ø ,Æœł�,�ł�Ø ��Æ�ø��ºł,�Æł� .
��Æ(Æœł���ł���ø��Æ�ø��ºł,º��Ø���,���Øø���ÆłŒ��ø��,��ºłŒ�Øø�º��Ø�ºł.º���ø��º��Ø
�ªł���Ø������,�Ø�º��Æ�Æ��Ø��ºłº���ªØłø��œ,��Ø��ØØ�.�º�ÆøØł�øØłØ ,ºø���Œø�ø� ø�,�ªÆł���ø��,ø���ªł���Ø������,�º���øÆœ�º���Æ�,�ł��œ�Æ�ø���Æ�,Ø�œØœ�œØ.�Æ�Æœł�,��ªÆł��Æ�ø����Ø���.�º��ł��œ�Æ�ø��ºł,�Æł� .
222|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
R[PFGBFCFVZ[\GKIK
œø�ª(���Øłªœ��ø�œ�� ���,����æœ��œ���?��ª�����Œø��ª�Æ�,e�ø���B�º�ł��ª��ª�.��ª��œªøØ�ª�,Ø��ª�œªłºØ�غ����Œ.ø����ŒøÆ���ª�,�œŒ��Æœ��Æ�ø���œ�Ø�,�ÆØ���œ��غ�,ø�� Æ�.
œø��(ºŒ��Æ"���تÆ� �Ø�,ø�Ø���ø����Ø����ªø�,ø��œ�ªœ�"�)�Øł���Ø���Æ�(,ø���º�ł,�� ���,øØœ�ª�ÆØ��ª�ªłºØ�غ����Œ.ºØ�ø���ŒØªøÆ���ª�ƺ�ł���,��Ø�œ��ÆØ���غ�,�œŒ��Æœ,ø���Ø�,�ÆØ���œ��غ�.��ø���Ø���æœ��œ�� ���ªøÆ���Ø�ÆøÆØ���ÆØ���œÆ�غ����Œ,ØøÆœø �� .
œø��( º���,ªłŒ�� ��,øÆ�Ø�º�łÆºØ ��łØªœÆ����Œ�� .�º ��ª�Ø�ø ,��ł�� ,����œ ÆºØ ?ºØ�Ø�Æ����Œ,ø�Ø�ł�ØøتłÆØ�غ Øœł,���Æ�غ��ÆØ.ºŒ�ø�,ø�Ø��º ,ł��Æ�Ø�º�łø� ÆºØ ,�º���ł,Æ�Ø �œ ��’���غ ,��œœ�ªª.
œø��(�Ø��ØØªØ ��º���ªØ�Ø ,�Øø��Ø Æ��Ø�� �Ø ��æœ���� ���.�� �Ø���ºÆª�Ø�,ø��Łł�Øœ�Æ��ÆøÆØ� ���غ ��غ����Œ,øØø��Æ� ���ŒÆº�Ø .ºØ��Æ"��Ø��øœø���Æ�ø�œ��ªØ�Ø .
œø��(�œłłœ���Æ�ø�º�æœØøł��,���Æ�,����Æ"�,�Øł���Ø�,�ø�œ��ªØ�Ø ��Ł��łłØ �œ�,�ø ø� Æ�Ø ��ª���Œ,�Øł���Ø�,��ª��ºł.�łØ�œłłœ���Ø���Æ���ª��ºł,�œłł����Æ�.����,ø��ºł�łł��ÆØÆœ���Æ����Æ�.�����Æ��œ�øłœÆ��Æ�����ºł.�ØøÆœ�ø���,ø����øÆ����Æ��łª���ł��ºł.œ��Æ�ł,ø�ø�œ��ªØ�Ø ,ø� �ºłØ ,�łłØ Æ���Æ����œ��Øł���Ø�.
œø�Ł(ºØ���œø�œ���Æ�,�Øłœ�Ø œ�œ�Ø ��ª�Ø �Ø�Ø ,�Ø�����Æ�ø�œ��ªØ�Ø .�øłØ� ��ªØ�Ø Æ� ���Æ� �Æ�,ø�Ø� �ªØ �Ø�Ø œ�œ�Ø .�º�,�ªØ�Øæª� ,ø��øł��łø��ªØ���Ø�,Ø檪�Øł���Ø�,��øł��łø��ø�œ��ªØ�Ø .ø�Ø� ��œ.
œø�(�æªø�º���,��,�ªØ�,��Øæªø����,Ø檪�Øł���Ø�,��Øæª��Ł�,Æ��Æ��ø�œ��ªØ�Ø .º�æœØøł��,���Æ�,�º��œ���ªØ�ø�������Ł�.�ªØ���ª��,Ø檪�Øł���Ø�,�ªØ���ª��,�ø�œ��ªØ�ø��Ł�,ØłøØ �œ�,�œ���Æ�.º�øºœÆ,�ªØ�Ø ØØłø�łı,���Æ�.��ªØ�,Ø檪�Øł���Ø�,Øłø�łı��,���Æ�,�ø�Ø��ÆłºœÆº�Ø ,�œ���œ��Ø �ª�Ø Æ��øº��Ø���ÆØ��,ø�øŒ��Ø�.
CRKBEOGPNBMKOVZ[\BIZKPG\
łº(�Ø ø�Æł��� ,�ªœ�ø�œ��ªØ�Ø ��ª�Ø ���Ø��Æ"�,�œºÆœ
���Ø.��Æ"��机�Æ��,ªø��Ø������łØª�Æ�łı,øØœ�ÆøÆ��.��ø�Łœ
223 | �ø��œ
������Ł�.º�øºœÆ,�Ø�’�øł�ªœØ���Ø.ºœÆ�ªœØ,�Łł øØłª�� ���.��łºŒ��ł�����ø�Ø ,����ªł.�ø�œ��łœ�Ø���œ�����ªøØ�œ.�ø ø���ª��ª �º����Ø��Æ"�,Æ�œ�����,º���Œ��Ø�,ø�º��œ���� ƪ Æ�ØØ .�ø ���ø���Ø�ø�Ø����Œ����,º���Œ.��� ø�œªÆ�a��ŒØœł����Œ.
łº(º��ł�œ��ªøØ ø����,����ºØ ,øØ ø�Ø�œø���Æ"�,º� Æ�Ø ��� ��ª.�ø�œ��ªØ�Ø Æ�œ�øœØ�ªł�œ�º��œÆ��ª.�º��œØœł����ºØ ,�ªł�œØ��Øœł����ºØ .º���ø�Ø�ÆØØ ø��,Øłª�Æ�ØØ� ,º���Œ,ø������Æ�Øœ�.
Æ’��ªœº��œÆ��ºœ,������œ��)�����œ�(.º���łœ��øºØ ł�a��œ��.��ªœ���������Æ�.�º���ł�œı�ªœŁÆł.ºØ���øØ ,ø��øºØ ���ºœ,� �º��Ø��Ł�,��ŁÆ,ø��ªœ�����
�Ø���œ��Øœ,�º��º���łœ.� ���º�,��ł,ø�œ��Øœ�Ø��ªœ�����,���æœ��Ø œº�º���łœ.�Ł ��Æ���Øœ��º��ª ,ºØ�øŁ�,���Œ��œ,�łł���ª �œ��ªœ�����,�ł��ØØ �æœ��ÆæØÆœ�.
Øø���Æ���ºØ ø�Ø�ÆÆ�Ø�ª .ø�łØ���ºØ �Ø� �œØ ,��ø�Ø�º�Æ�Ø�ª ,ºØ�øº��Ø � º����ª�ª����,� �œØ ÆøÆØ���.Øø���ÆÆ�Ø�ª ø�Ø�Æ���ºØ ,ºØ����ºØ ,�Ø� ���Ł��œØ��,ºØ���œ���Ø��łØŒø œØ��,��Øœ�Æ�Ø�œÆØ��,º�Ø�ł��Æ�����œ�������.�º�� �ªØ œ�تÆ�ªł����œº�ø�Æł�,�Ø��Øœ�ªł�œ���œÆ� .��ø�Ø�º�Æ�Ø�ª ,�º��Ø �����,�Ø� �Ł�º��œØ��.�º�ºø�ºØ ,�Ø Æ�Øœ�øØ�Ø �ªł�œ,ø�Ø���Æ���ºØ .Øø�ø�œ�ª�œ,øÆ�Ø�œ���������Æ��ÆØœłªø�Ø��ł�Ø���Ø��œ�� ,� �Ø� �œØ .º�øºœÆ,øÆ�Ø�œ�����øÆ� �����ÆØ�Æøłø .
��Ø�œ�ØłØª�œÆªłŒ
MK\ZGQFBGZP\GLFIG[LVZ[\\HZKT
��(ºØœł���ł�œŒ��øŒ.ºØœ�œ��ł�Ø��Æ������œŒ��øŒ.œØ����Æ���ø�ł.ºØ����ø�ł���Ø��ø���Æ�.�ø øØøø�ł,�œ����Æ��œºÆª.�ø���œ��ł,ø�Ø��ØøتŁ �œØ�œ,�Łł øŁ Ł �ł.�Øø����øØ�Ø�Ł��œ�?�Ø��ł,
����ł.ºØ�ªÆłØ øØøÆØ�Ø� Ø�æ��غœ,�łØ���ª�����œ�Æł,øº�Æ�Æ�ø�ł,Æ�ł�øŒ,Æ���ÆłØ�.ºØ� ���Ø����Æ� ,���Ø�ø �ø��ø ÆłØ�.º�øºœÆ,� �œ����œ��ø�����Ø .ºœÆ,ŁÆ�øłœ���Æ��,� �����œ��تŒ.
224|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
[PTGQPQF[GYVZ[\CZB[K\
��Ł(Ø��ł���Ø �ø��ª ,æª�’�Øł�Ø.ƺœÆØ��ł���Ø Øøæªø�Ø���������Øł�Ø.�œ��œ�������Ø ��ł:ø��ø��,�Ø��ø��ł,�ø��ª ,ºœÆÆØ��ł���Ø ,�Ø��º���ø ���Ø ���?
ÆØ�œØØ ,�ł���œ�������Ø ��ł���œ.º�øø�łÆØø��,ø�Ø��ł��œø��,��łÆØø��,��ł��ÆłØ,ƪ�Øø������Æ"�,ø���łÆœØ�Ø�Ø�ØøÆ.�łØœ��ø���œ�Ææª���,ºØº��Øøæªø���Øœ�łøœ���œ,œ��ø�ø�Øœ��łøœ���œ.
ºØ�ªø�檜ø�����º�Ø���ł,�Ø��تØ�ø�œ��łœø���ªł�œ��Ø�œ,ƪłŒ�øł��.ØøÆ� ��Ø
��łØØ ,ø�Øłø�Ø� �Ø�Ø.��Ø�تœ�ª��ø�Æ�Ø�œ��Ø ø���ªł��º��تœ�ª��ø�Æ�Ø�œ���łØØ ø��.�øł�œ���łØØ ,�Ø��łØ���������øł�œ���Ø .�º��ØØªØ ��تœ��Ø� ø����łØØ ø�øØ�,�œ�تœ��Ø�Ø�œØªØ ��øØ�.
��øºœÆ,º�øø�łÆØø��,ø�Ø��ł��œø��,��łÆØø��,º��łø�øł�œ���łØØ ,��łØ��,�ØØœ�����º�ºŒªø��ƪ�º���ªł�œ�ø���ª �øŁ,�ø�����ø�.�ºØłÆ��ø���łØ���������ø�œ��Ø ��ª���.��غŒœº���ł��ÆłØ,ƪ�Øø������Æ"�,ø���łÆœØ�Ø�Ø�ØøÆ.ø�Ø��ªł���Æ����.
KGONKGOKCKTBGPZ,GNKNFNNKNFKI#e&FET\FYEP\SVZFHGFZ
��(Ø �Ø ØÆØ��ł.Ø �ªø���Ø�Ø ��Ø�Ø ø����Œ.�æ�Øłœø��Øł���Ø����ł�œØ�Ø ,�øÆ�Ø �œ��ÆłØ ,øæ�Æœł�Æ�Ø�øÆœ...�Ø����Ø��,�ØØ�º��ªł���ø�ŁœÆ�Ø��,º��ł�æ�Øłœø����ºœ�ø�ŁœÆ�Ø��,�øÆ�Ø �����,�œ��ªœøº���ª��Æ���Æł.ÆłÆø��œ� �ø�� �ÆłØ ��ÆØ ...
�Łł ��ł�œØ��,�Łł ø�ºøł��œº�Ø��Æ��ø��,��Æ�ł����œ��ø�Ø��œł��Ø�ł����ŁÆœ���,��ł�œ���ºœÆø �Ø���ªŁÆł.ºØ���ºœ�Ø�����œ�� ��Ø�ø�Æ�Ø�ª ,ºØ�ø�Ø����ºøłØ ��Æ�º�����ŁÆø�øÆ�’ØœÆłŒÆª�Æ��øÆœ�ÆłØ��,�º��ºł�Ø
��Æ�����œŁÆł����ºœ.ø�������ºøØł��œ�æ�º�æ��œ��º�Ø��Æ��ø�����œ��ø�Ø,��ºœ����ŁÆø�øÆƪ�...
�������œŁÆł�ł�œ���łÆ���Ø �ØœØłØªœº�"�,º���ª��Ø��ø��.œªøº��ØØ���øÆœ�ø ���Ø Æ��Ø��,ºØ�æØÆœ�ØłØª���ª��,ø�ØØœ��ÆØ�œØØ ,Æ�Øœœ����ł�ø�œ,���Æœ�ØØ�,ø��º�Ł�ø��ª.�łØøƺ��ØØ���º�œ�Ø���ªø�ƪ�œ�’,�º���øÆœº��ØØ��Ø �Ø�ª.�ªłŒ��º�ØłØª���øÆœ��Ø���Ø�ª.
����łØ �Ø ØÆØ��ł...ºØ�تØ��Ø���ª�øÆ��ł�œØ��Ø�º�œøÆ����Æ�,ºØØ��łœØ��º�Ø
225 | ��Ø�œ�ØłØª�œÆªłŒ
��Æ��,øØ�Øł����œ��ø�Ø��œł���’ØœÆłŒ,Øœ�����Æ�Ø����º��ŁÆ�����ª�ø���øÆœ�ÆłØ��.���ł��Æ�Ø�,ºØº�����øØ ø�ØÆØ�Ø�ØłØª�ªøÆ����ł�łØ �œ�œ��ł�ø�œ,� �Ø��Ł�łØ �œ�,�ł�Ø ØøłØ �º���øł�ŁÆ,ø��Ø��Æœ��ł�œØ��.ºØ����œ ��øØ ��ł�Ø ��Æ���� ����ŁÆ���,����ª�œ�������Ø ���ºØ ��ºØœ��ø...
ºØº���Ø�œ���,ø� �ØłØªœ,�ØØæłØ ��øØ ,ø��æØ��œªÆ�œ�’,ªø�øØ�Ø �łÆØ Æ����ł��,���œ�,��łø� ��Ø�œ��øŒøÆØ�œØØ �ø� � ��ºØœ��øØ ŁÆØ ,�Ø��ºØ Ø�Øł�øº�º�ł�,øÆ�Ø���æ�œÆØ�œØØ ,����Ø �œ�ÆłØ º��øøœ���Ø ø���Ø ��ª�ª�Æ�ƪ.
����œº���Ø�Ø øØ��Æ����ł��,�Ø��Øœ�ªł�œ��łªœº���œ��Æłœ�,�œ�Æ�œ����œ�Ø���ªł �Øø����Øł�æ��� ªæ�...�º��øº� Ø ��ª��’.
��øºœÆ,�Ø����Ø��Ø��ªœ...ºØº�����Ø�Ø �ØØæłØ ,���ł�Ø �Ø�œ,øÆæØÆœ �ø��ªł�œ��œ��œÆ����ł��,���œ�,��łø� � ºØ Ø�Øł,�ø ø�œ�Æ�º� �ø�ÆØœ�ØÆ���ª�ªœ��ª�������œº���łıª��œ�’,����øº��Ø��Æ��Ø���Ø��ø�łÆ�øº�,� ���Ø�Æ�œ�Æ�ØÆı��ª º���Ø�œ.ºØº��Ø����Æ����ƪœł��œŒ��ØÆł ø�ł��Ø�œ...ºØł�º� Ø�ªÆ�ØÆı�øł�ØØ ��Æ��ªœ��ª����.����ł,øÆø��œ��ª��ø�ØÆ�Ø�ª,�øº���Ø�œ�łØ ��ÆØ �����.
GKFKTZCGKFKCGYZ,KGOBIEVZ[\\GNEG\
�ØŁ(Ø�ł����Ø ��łØ ,���Æł� ,ø���ł�Ø ,�Ø�Ø�,�łø���Œ�œ���ÆœØ���Ø ,ø���ł��æªØ .�º�ºœÆ,�Æł� ���Æ�ÆØ�Ø ,�ØØ�Æ�łœ��æªØ ���ØłØ .�����,º�øºœÆ,��Œ�Błª��ºB��Ø .�ø ��ºœÆ�Ø,Ø�ł����Ø ��łØ .
�º(��øŒ�ł��Ø��.��Ø���,ø���øŒ,��Œ��øŒ,ºªØ��Æ���Ø��Æœº.�º�,ºø�ø����,ºœÆ,Ø�غØ���Ø���zº��Ø��Ø�Ø�ł��œ,ºØ��øŒ���łØ.º���ª�Ø,ø���łØŒ��Øœ��øŒ���łØ,��تÆ�Æ�ªł�œºł�Ø.
Ø ���Øł���Ø�,�Ø�������Æ�.
�øłø �Æ���Øł���Ø�øº���Ø�Ø�,���Æ��Æ��œº����ø���.�ª,ø�ø������º��Æ�Ø�æªØ ,ø�Ø��غ�����ØłÆ�Ø�œº��œ��æªØ .�º��Æ������øŒ.� �ø�����Æ����œ ��Ø�Ø�,�Ø�ł��Æø ��Ø ��غ����æªØ ,ªøÆ�����Ø,ø����œ��æªØ �Ø��œ��挪�ØłØ�,���Ł��ø���.�����ºłØÆØ�Ø� .��º���œ�ÆøœÆ�æªØ .���Ø���Øł�Æø��œ.�Æ���Øł���Ø�,ø�º����Ø�Ø��º���ø���,���Æ�,��ø�����º���Ø�Ø�,�œØØ�ªØ ��Æ��.º�øºœÆ,Ø�ØłÆØ�ØÆ�łØ ��ª.
226|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
� ØØ��øØłØ
XEYFNTRKVZ[\CIGYG\K
º(�Ø�� �Æ�Ø�ª ,ø�Ø� ØªØ ,�Ø� �ø�Ø�Ø ÆºÆª�ª� .ºØ�Øø��ø ��ªøƺ�Ø ?�Ø��ł,�Øø�œ��ª����ØØ .
º(��Ø���ƪØ�.º���º�ƪØ�,Æ�� ø��ł��ª�,��ºœ.º�øºœÆ,œ�Ø����غØØŁ�.œ�Ø���œ�Ø��ø�ت,���ºœ.ºø�Ø��Æ�Ø� �Øł���Ø�,�Ø��ØØ���ł�œ�ª�.�Øø�œ��ª����Ø,ø������œ�ø ��ªøø� ºł�Ø,ø���a�łd �Øł���Ø���ø�Ø���º�.�ø ø�ª���Ø�ı��ØØ ,�Øł���Ø�.�ª���œ�œ�ø�œ��ª�,���ºœ.ºø�œ�œ��ª�,���œ�Æł��Æ��,�Øł���Ø�Æ��ºœ,�ø ��ªø����ø� .�Øøø��œłłœ�ø��Ł�,ø�œ��ª��,��ª�غ�Ø�ø��œ�ø ��ªøÆø��œ.ºØ�øø���Ł�ºŒ�œłł����.�º�ºœÆ,�øłØø�łØ�ø�Łø��ª��ƺ�œ.ø��ª��,��
��Æ"�.ºÆغ���ø��œ.ºÆ(�Ø�����ºœ,ø�Ø���Æ�Ø�
�Øł���Ø�,�ø ø��Ø�Ø���ø�º� ,�����ø�œ�Ø �.��Æ��,���ºœ,�Ø����ł�ø��,�����ø�œ����ø�ø,�Øł���Ø�.
º�(�Ø�øƺ�œ,�ø ø�œ�� �ł �,ºØÆ�� �Øœ�����Ø.ºØ���ºœ��ı�ªœŁÆł,ø� �º��łØŁÆ�ØØ ,� �Ø��º��łØł�œ.�ø ����ł��œ.�œø�ł� �Ø,���œ���ª��,�ł øı��ØØ ,ø��ł��ª��,øł��ı�ªœ,ø���Ø����œ,º�øºœÆ,�ª��œ�Ø���œ.����,º�ø��ª ø���Ł�,ø���Ø��œ��Ø,ø��ł��œ,º���ø�������ø,ø�øł��Ø����ØØ ��Ø����œ.�øłØ���ø�º��øœ�ø ��ªø����,�ØØ�ª� �Øł���Ø�.�ø �����ª����º�.
FVZ[\\ZGPF,PT[ZGINFVZ[\GKYZB
�ØŁ(��’�Ł�Ø�� ,œł���øł���,ø�Ø� ��łØøØ ,Æ�łÆ�� .º���Ł�Ø ����Ø� ����Ø ���ÆøØłØ ,�ø ø�Æ �Æ��Ø� ,�Ø� ����Ø Æ�ØØ .���ªØ�,ø��Æ"���Øœ�œ��ØØ ,�ø�Øł�œ�øØłØ ?ºØł���ØØ �œØ �łÆ���øØłØ .�łØ�œ�ØæØ��øØłØ ��Ł����Ø,ºØ�ø�Ø� ����Ø .ºøł����Æ"���Ø�ł���łøØ ���Æت�œ ���� ,���œ��� ø� Æ� ���,������ �º�.
�º(º�Æ�Ø�� �Ø� ����Ø �łÆØ �����Œ��Ø�,º����º�Ø ø���øœ�øÆ� .� ,�Æ�øÆł�ªk�,�œªk�ø��ł�.��� º�Ø���Œ.ºø����œÆ�łœÆ� ,łÆ,�ªØ��œ������ØØ ,��� ÆºØ ��Ø ���Ø���Œ,��Æ"���łÆ Øœł�º��ª .º�øºœÆ,ºØ��Æ�����øwı�eœ�Ø.����Æ"���ª,���Æ��łÆ�� .�Ø�� ����łøØ ø�ł��œ��.
�º(ºø�œłł���Œ��ø�Ø�Æ� ,
227 | ��ØØ���øØłØ�
�����œ ø���ØØ ,�ł���Ø�Ø���� ��Æ� ,��ºœÆ,ø��ø���œ.ø��ø�,ºœÆÆ’��Ø .��ª,����ø�Ø�Æ�� .��ª,����Ø�ł���ø�ł��� �œ��.º�øºœÆ,
ø�œØºØ�����Ø�ł���Ø.�º�,Æø�ø�łÆ����Æ� ,�Ø�� ����øØłØ �łøØ ���œ����œ ø���ØØ ���Ø��Æ"�.
�łÆłÆ
FTZCZCPTMCKOB\K[ZBNCDNG\KG\ZPFBGPG\VZ[\VRIS
ø �(�łÆłÆ� ø� ��łøÆØæ�,ø�œłÆÆØøł��º�ø�łÆØæ�.��œ�� ª�œ��Bı.�łÆłÆ�ºÆØ �œØøł��Æ��œ,Øœł����œº" )ƪØ
ººÆØ ���œ(.º�ø��ت�º�Ø ,�Ø�ºÆ,ø�łøÆØæ��ºÆ.ºØ�łÆłÆªÆ�Ø ÆØøł��ºø�łÆØæ�.�Æ���œ�� �Ø� ���k�ı,�øłzª���eł�.
F\ZIYG\PVRKPKG\F\GZFVZ[\R[B
�(��ł��Ø��łØ���Ø���,�ø���œ������ÆØ�������ø���,��ł�œ��ØØÆøÆ�,º��łøœøÆØ�Ø���ł�����.ºØÆøÆØ�Œ��Øł����œ.ºØ�œ��Ø��Æ"�łøœ,��œ��œ�ŒÆÆØœ��æłØ ø�Œ,Æ�Æł�ø�Œ,�øœ�ŒŁÆ,ºØ�œ����B����œ� .øº�ÆÆØœ��æłØ ��ÆØ�Ø� ,º�øºœÆ,�����B����øØ�.
�Æ(��ł�łØ���Ø���,ÆøÆ��ØŒÆø �Ø"�,ø��œ��ł�����ƺ�غ�œŒ,ºØ��Ø����Æ�łłÆ.ºØ�ØغœÆ,Ø��º�º�Øł�ºØ�Ø��Øø,�ł�Ø,���Ø��Ø��ł�����Æł���,ø���ł�ØØ,ØØœ��œłøØ �Æ�łB.�Ø� �ºØłØ �œØ,��Ø��øÆÆØ�Ø� ,ÆØ��łÆłÆ�łøØ ,ºº�Æ�œøæł�ÆØ�Ø� ,ºØ�º�œæ�łØ œæł�ÆØ�Ø� ƺ�ØłØł,ƺ��� øØøł�����łØ
ÆØ�Ø� ÆØ����ºœ.�ø�łÆłÆłØ �Øøł��,ø� �����Æ"�,ø���ł�Ø� ,��z����Ø����łØœØ,�ª �œ .�Ø��� غ�œ�øœŁÆ œ��تØ�º�Ø .
ºØ�ø�łÆØ�,ø��ł�łØ���Ø���,���œł�ªœ���Ø�Ø,ø��œœ������Æ�����ø���,ª�����ł�Ø,�����B����øØ�.ºØ�œł�,ø��łØ���Ø���,�œ�����øœ�����,ºØ�������Ø�ØœøÆ�,���ø�ł���ł���Ø��Øœ.��Ø��øÆÆØ�Ø� ,ÆØ��łÆłÆ�łøØ ,ºº�Æ�œøæł�,º��ł,ø� �œł��Ø ���Ø�Øœ�œł�,º�ø�œł��Ø �æØł��.ø�Ø���ł,�º�œ�º�Ø œæł�.
��(��øØ�Ø�Øł�Ø�Ł��æÆÆØ �Øł�Øł��Ø���.�łÆłÆ��łØ�Ø �œ ÆØ�Ø� .Æ���œłÆØ �Ø��œ�Ø �� ł�
228|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
ªÆł��Æ,Æ���ø��œ�Ø�œ������Ø��ø�� ,��Ø��ØØø�.º���º�Ø ��øØ�Ø�Øł�Ø�Ł�,����Ø Æ�łÆª��ÆØ��,��øÆØ ºº�ÆØ .Æ�Ø ��æ��Ø Æ��,�غ���øÆ��Æ��Ø�łø�Æł�øº���œ.ø�Ø� ���Ø �ºæ�Ø�ÆØ�Ø� .
�ª(���łÆłÆ,� øØłØ ,Æø��,Æø���,Æ�Ø�ł,Æ�ØØ��º��,����Ø
Æ�Øø�ª,ø� ªØØ�Ø ł�øØ� .ºØ������łı��æ���Ø� ,�Ø� ���ł,�Ø�łØ��ł�ø.��łłØ���Ø������Ø�,ÆøÆ��ØŒ,� ø�Øœ,Æ�Ø�’�Æ�œ���ØØøł��ØøÆ�ºłÆØ ,øº����ªÆłØ ��ØØ����،ƺ�غ�œŒœ��ł�œ ���Ø��Æ"�,��ł�œ�ª��ø�� .
CFPFGBEOVZ[\R[B
��(�łÆłÆ,� �Ø��łıø� �øŒ,����ł�Øøł��,���ÆªØ �ºłØ �Øøł��,�ø ø� ºÆ��œ.
��(Øøł����ł�Ø �ª .ØøÆØøł��Æ����ª ,º�øºœÆ,��z����Ø����łØœØ,�ª �œ .�œ����Ø����łØœØ,��� �Ø��łı,ø� ŁÆØ ��ª�ŁÆ.�ª �œ ,œ��تØ�º�Ø .
��(��Øø��Ø,Øøł��.��ł�Ø��łØøł��.�Ø,� �Ø��łı.Øøł��,� œ��تØ�º�Ø .ÆøÆØ� ���ł,Æ�ØØøł��Ø��Ø Æتł��.
��(º�ø�Ø���œ ��Æ"�Æ�łæØ�Ø,ºŒØ����œ Æ������ł��.ºØØøł��,���łÆ� ,��øØ �Æ�ØØøł����łı��łØ .��øØ ,�Øłø��ªı��ØØ ,�Øł���Ø�,��ØøØ ø��ø�ØÆ�,ÆØ��,
ø�Øł���Ø���Æ� �ÆØ��.º�øºœÆ,���Ø�Æ�ł.Æ� ,iq���Œ����Ø ,���Œ���Ø����Øøł��.�� ���ł,�ø��œº �º��Ø�øłØ ,ø� ��غƪ,�ÆØ��œº ��ØØ.º�,Æ�ØØøł��Ø��Ø Æتł��.ºŒØ�Ø��œœ��تØ��º�Ø Æº��ºÆª���.
�Ł(º�ø���łÆ�Ø��łı��ª�ŁÆ,ØœØØ�ÆÆœ�œØœ��ł,ºŒØ�ØÆ�������ł��,œ�œœ��تØ��º�Ø ,ºÆªø��Œ�ł��Ø�ææø��ª�.º�ø���ł�� Æœ�œØœ��ł,� œ�Æ��œ�œł��ŁÆ,� ��,ø œ���Æłœº ,ºŒØ��ł�� Æ�������ł��,� œ�Æ��غ œ��ت�º ÆØ�Ø�������œ,º��ª �łºÆ�ææ,ƪ��ø�ø�,�ŁÆ.� ��,ø ,Æ��œ,œ���Æłœº .
IPK[FPKRKOCTZCZCVZ[\CZB[K\
łºª(�’)5(�Ø�Ø � ÆłÆłÆ,ø� ��Ø�Ø ,�ØÆłØ ,��Ø ,ł��Ø ,���Ø ,ÆæØÆœ �����’�Øł������,��ÆØ��.ºØ����œ��ø����Ø .º�øØø�’Æ�Ø�œº�"Æœ"�)ºœł,�º��,ÆØ��,œ��łœ��ºœ(a�ªø�,º�Øøº��ª�a��Ø�œ.�
�’�Ø�Ø ��"�øÆłÆłÆ,øł�øØœØÆœø�� ����"ł",��"�ł".ºØ�تØ�ł�œ��Œ�"���Øœ��",����ø����.���’�Ø�Ø łÆłÆ,�łÆØ ÆØøł����ŁØ�Ø �œ .�ø �����œ�’�Øł������,��� �Øœ��aÆØ��.
229 | �łÆłÆ
Æ� Æ���Ø�Æ�Ø�œ���,ºØœØ���œ��œØœ" ���ø Æ� ,�œØœ�"����ø Æ��,œØø�ł����œØœÆÆ"�.º��łÆ"���Æ� ,Æ’��Æ��.�����øłÆ’���Ø�œ���ÆÆ��ł��œaø�œÆ� Æ��.�ø�Ø�Æ��,�øł����Ø�Æ�Ø�œł�øª��Ø�œºœł,º���Ø�œÆÆ"�,ø���ł�Ø�,ł�øø���ÆŁÆ.ºØ����Øø�Ø� �Æ�Ø�œøœ,���Øغ�Ø ��تÆ�Æ�ØÆł��ªÆÆ� Æ��.
łº�(��� ø�ø�ł,���ø���ł�Ø� a�Æ�,Ø���œº��Ø� ,��ø�ø�ł���Ø�œ���Æ��œ�ª’,��œ�ª ,���ł�øØ a� ,ƺ�łÆ.���ø ø��Ø����Ø�Æ�Ø�œł�øºœłª��Ø�œ.� �øØ º�Ø��æ�Øøł��.�Ø� ���ła�Æ�,ºØ������łı��æ.��� ����Ø .�œÆ�ł�Ø��ł�ø�ø����ø�Ø�Ø ªłÆłÆ,ø� ����Ø .� ºœłª��Ø�œ.
łº�(���Ø�Ø ªłÆłÆ,�Ø� ���ł,Øł�Æ�Ø����Ø �œÆ�œ��ª ºØŁÆœ���.��� �Ø��ø�Ø��łÆłÆ,º��łÆ�Ø�œ�º��ª��Ø�œ.� ������Ø�Ø ø����,º��łø��øºØ �������,ø�Ø���ºØ����tØ� ��Æ"��ø�Ø ,�º���ł�Ø ��Ø�Ø .����Ø�Ø ªłÆ��øºØ �� .
ºøł����Æ"��øœ��ª ,ø��ł����ºØ ,�ø��ª Æ����,ł���øœł�ø�º����ºØ���.ø��Ø�Ø�������º�����ºØ ,� Ø�Ø��ØªØ œ�œø�ØŁœ,º�ø���łÆØæ�,Ø���ª��ØªØ ���łı.
łº�(�º�ł�����ºØ ��Łł��Ø,��ł���Æ"�,����øºØœ�ºł�,�����œØª��Ł����ØŒ,����œ��ø�Ø�
�œ�œ�œØ.��ł�� ��Æ"�,� �œ �ØØœ ��Ł�Æ�łıº���ª ,�ØØœ �Ł�Ø Øœł���.�ت,Øł�Æ�Ø����Ø �œÆ�œ��ª ºØŁÆœ���,�ø�Æ� .��Ø��œ ��Æ"���Ł�Æø�ø��œ.
łº�(��Æ�Ø����Ø � �����,ø��ø�œø��łÆłÆ��Ø��Æ’,��øºØ �� ,ø� ��Ø�Ø ,�ø ø��Ø��� ��ªøœ ,���Bœ��łØ�øØ ø��ŁÆœ.�ø ��� ��Æ"���Ø��œ �łÆłÆ�� �Æ�,ø��Ø�Ø��� ���ø ,�œ��� øºł Æ� ���,º�øºœÆ,�ø� �ø��Ø���Ø.����œÆ�ł�Ø��ø�تłÆłÆ���ł���Ø�Ø ,ø� Æ�Ø�œ�º��ª��Ø�œ.
łºŁ(��ØÆłØ ,ø� �Ø���’ø��łÆłÆ,ø�œłÆÆØøł��.�Ø� ���ł,�����ØÆłØ �øł�� ��øØ�ø ,� ��øºØ ��ª��ø���ł�Ø� ,�Æ��Æ����Øł�ø���ø ,º��ł��ªªł�t���.
�Ø����ªłÆłÆÆ�Ø ÆœØº�æØœ�ªłøœ,�œ�Ø Æ� æ�łœł�Łł��ł�ø,�ØØ�º��ª�ºœÆ,Øł��ª�ł�øÆø�Ø ,Æ�Ø ÆœØ�º�æØœ�ªłøœ,��º��ªØł.�œ�Ø ø æ�łœł�,��º��ª��ª�.Łł��ł�ø,º��ªł�øÆø�Ø .�Ø� �œº�Ø �ø �’,����øœ��� ø ,º�øºœÆ�ø���ø .Æ�Ø�æŁł���ł�,�œ�ÆłØ �Øøł��,ø�œÆłº��Øœº�ł��łı,���Ø �œ ,�ƪ��øÆłœ��łÆœ,�Ɯغ�æØœ�ªłøœøø.�Ø� ���ł,��Ø �Æł��ª��ª���łı.º��ł,���Ø�œ�æŁł���ł�,���ł�œ�Ø ,�łÆ�œ��łıÆ�œ�Æłœ .�œÆ�ł�Ø���’ø��łÆłÆ,ø� ��ØÆłØ ,� º��ªÆØ��ª��Ø��.
230|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
ł�(�ł��Ø ,� �Ø��łÆØØø��łÆłÆø�œłÆÆØøł��.� Øł�øœ�ł��Øøł��,��Ø�Ø �œ �œ�ł�øØ �� .��Ø�Øø�� º����Ø� ,�Ø� ł�Ø ���Ø� ,� �ł�Ø ��œł�,�œł��Ø �����º����æ�Ø aœł�.º��ł,ø�œł��Ø ��œł��Øøł��ÆøÆØ�ŁÆœÆªØƪ��ł�.� ��Ø���œ�ØØœ��œØ .ÆœøØÆ���ª��Øøł��Øø��łœ ,���ł�Ø� ,z��aªº��ºł��.ºØ��Øœ œ�ªœ��øŒ,��ÆªØ Æ�ºł� ÆØ�œ��ł�Øøł��.�œÆ�ł�Ø��łÆØØø��łÆłÆ,ø� �ł��Ø ,� º��ª�Øł���Ø�ª��Ø��.
ł�(��Ø ,� �Ø���ØøØø��łÆ
łÆ,ø� �����Ø Æ��ø���łÆ� ��Ø ��ł�łœØŒ,º��łÆØøł����ØØ�Ø�œł�.�Ø� ���ł,ł��Ø Ø�øÆ��� º��Ø .ºØł��Ø ��Ø ø��Ø ��º��.��� ø���ØłØ �œ�� �œ�Æ�.æª�ªÆł��,�łÆÆØœ���ªø,���ł�Ø,��łı�ØØœ�œ�Æ�.ºØÆØœ���ªø��Ø�ł�� ØøÆ�� .�º���øƺ�Ø�º���łı�ØØœ�œ�Æ�.Æ’�Ø�ØłÆłÆ���ø�œłÆÆØøł��,�ł�Ø �łÆ�ÆØœ���ªø.œº�ºøØÆ���ł�Øøł��,ø����Æ"�,ØØ������ Ø�ƪ.�Æ����œØøł���Ø�œ�ØÆ��ØØœ ���ł�Æ��ØØœ���,ªøØ����œ,øÆ�Ø��øÆ�,ºØت�ºæØ�.
TCGEFHZFVZ[\MK\XB
�Ł(��ø��œ�ºłØœ��ªæ ��œ,ø��º��ª�øºØ��,��Æ�ø�æ���,�øł�ø����ØØœ���Łł�Øœ�,Øłøœ�œ�ÆØłœ�.æ������Æ�ø�,
ø������ł,ÆªØ �Ø����Æ"�,���łºŒø�� ���œ.��Æ"�œØª��ÆØł�œ ��� ���œ�œ .
�(� Æ�Ø�ª øØ �œ ���œ,���ł���� ,�����ø,��ÆØł ��� ?���,ºø�تł��Æ�ªł�t���ØªØ Æ� ,�Ø��ŁØłØ �� �øœ�Ø �� ,ƺ����ø�Ø��ŁØłØ �� �øœ�Ø �� ,�ØØłªØ ��Ø� øł�� ,�Ø�ªÆłØ Æ����łœøø,�łØ�ø���œÆªœººÆØ
���œ.�ø ���ª��Æ"���ÆØł�œ ���œ�œ ��� ,º��ł�����Ø ø�� øƪ��Ø� ,��Ł�� ł�œ���Ø .
�(ºøØøłÆłÆÆ� ,ØłªØ æ�����Æ�Æ������Ø ��œ�ø Æ� .�º���Æ"�ØÆØł ��� ,º�øºœÆ,�œł��Ł���,�ÆØł����łı.� œ��ł,øÆ�����œ���ł��Ø�ƪ��ł�,�ø øÆ�Ø�ª �Ø� ØªØ Æ� ?���ØªØ ø ÆłÆłÆ,����Ø �ºØæØ ��Æ"�øºØ�œ,Øøł��øÆØ�Ø� .�łÆłÆ���Ø�Ø Æ� ,��ØØ ��øºœÆ,�ø� �ø��Ø����Ø���Æت.
231 | �łÆłÆ
�ªØ�Ø�łø�Ø
FXEKYIKKCNYRG\B\FZ[TVZ[\\ZGPF
��(ØØ���Øœł����œº��Øø.��Øø��ł��Øø,ø�œ�Æł�Ø�ł.�øłØتÆ��Æ.øØł��Æ��Æ"�.º�øºœÆ,�Œ��ł�ÆØ.�ł�ÆÆØ.ŁÆ�Æ.ØØŁÆ�Æ.º� ���łÆ��Æ"�,º��ł��Æø���Æ"�,�ł��ø�.��º��,�øłØتÆ��Æ,����Æø���Æ"�.���,œØ���œœł�œØ,ºØø ������Æ"�,øøł�Æ,��Æ�� ��ł.
�Ł(��Ø���ØªØ ,ºØ��Æ"�ł��Æø� �øº�Æœº?ºø��ł�Ø ,øł����ª �łª���øœª���ł��Æ"�Æ�ÆÆ��øÆł��,ª�Ø��ØªØ øø øł��øºØ��.���łØºØ ���œ�œ�ª ���ƺæ����,��œ�Æł����ª���.�����ł�ł�ø�Ø ,����Œ�Æł,Æøºł����łØºØ ���œ,ºªØ��ºœÆøºØ���øł�Æ.ªº��łØºØ �łª���ł�Øø�ªØ����œ�œ.
�(��ºŒ�ªØ�����łØŒ�łª���ł
�łø,���œÆøºł���,ºªØøØÆØł����������,��º�Ø�æŁł���ł�,Øø��œ,ºØ��øÆ�º�Ø���Æł��œ.����øÆ�,øØœ��ƺƪ��Æ"�Øœł�øÆ���ł.�œ�œ���Ø�ØœØł��º�,�ø ø���ł ��º�Ø�æŁł���ł�,���œºÆª��Æ"�.���ºœÆÆ��ł�,łÆØ �øØÆ��.ºœÆ,ÆłØœØ�ØØœ��Øœ.
�(º��Øø���Æت�łø,�øœª�ÆøØ�ƪłŒ�ł,����Æ�’�Øœ,��ø����ºŒ�ª ��ł:�ł ��º�Ø�œ�æŁł���ł�,�ł øØœ����Æ"�ƺƪ,�ł ��ØØ º��� Æ�Ø�������Ł�.��ª ��ºœÆ,ÆłØœØ�ØØœ��Øœ��ØØ �ø� .�º��ł�œÆ�Ø �Æ�Ø,�º�Æ� ���,�º��� �Æ�.º�Æ�Ø�ªØ���غ��ª��œÆ� ���Æ� �Æ�.�º�æÆØ"ÆøłØ øÆł�Ø,�Ø��ØøØ����Æت.
XEKYGZTNG,Z[TGJGCNGVZ[\P[VJKO
œ��(�ªØ�,Ø�ł�ŁÆø�Ł.łø,Ø�ł�łø�Ł.ÆØ��Ø,����ø�Ł.�Øø���ı��ØØ ,ø��øŒ��Øł���Ø�,�Ø��ªØ�º��,�Ø��Ø�ł�ł.���ªØ���ł,���ªØ�ŁÆ�.�Ø�ŁÆ���œł�,º�øºœÆ,ºØ���ŁÆ�œœØ�º ,œłœØ��œ�Æ.
�ªØ�ł�,���ı�ªœŁÆł,���ºœ.�����ł��ªØ�,ºØ�øł�,ø���Ø�ł�ł.����ø øØ�ł�ŁÆø�Ł�Ø��ł��ªØ�ł�,øł���
œ�œłøœ.œ�Ł(łøŁÆ�,ø���œł�
���ł�œŁÆ,� º������ł�łø?�ø ø����Øœł�øÆØ�ł�łø�,�ŁÆ��œ�œłøœ,ºÆªœ�œłÆ.����Øøłø���ºœØł�œ��ªØ�,�ªØ���łØº����Øø,ºœÆ,� �B�ø��ªØ���ŁÆ,ºØ�ø ŁÆ���,ø��œ�œł��Øø��łø,�Ø����Øø,��ØØ��łÆœøÆ�Øœ�Æł�Ø�ł,�Ø�ł�łØ�Ø��łœ�œł��Ø.
232|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
PING\KFO[NXEKYKOVZ[\VRIS
�Ø(Æ�Ø�� ,� �ØÆłØ �� ��.Æø�øł����Æ"��œœł����� ,���º���ªØ���ªøÆØ�Ø� ,Æ���œÆ��Ø ,ÆøÆØ��œ�ł����º�.��Ø�����?ºœÆ,�����B����øØ���ªk���œØ�,Æ�Æłœ�ł�t���.Æ�Æłœ,�ØØ�,���œª ,º�Øø��Ø�ª ��ł,øÆ�Æł���Ø��ł����,ł����Ø����º��ØÆłØ���.
�Ø(�� �Ø��º��œ��ªØ�,���ºªØ�œœł����ªł�º�ł��œØ� .ºØ���æŁł���ł�Øœł��º�,ø�ªØ�ø�Ł���ªØ�,ºØ���Ø���øØÆ�º��� ,�Ø��ø�Ø�Æ� ,�łÆø���øø�Ł���ªØ�.��ªØ������œØØæł��ªł,�º����ø���Ø��Æ� ���Æ� �Æ�.� Øø�ªØ�ŁÆ�,���ø ø��Æ"��Ø�ª���º�ł��� .
�ØÆ(� Æ’��ªØ�Ø ,ø���ª���ªØ�ł��ø�Ø���ªØ�ŁÆ�,���ØÆ�����ª,Ø���Ø�.ø�º��ªØ�ŁÆ�,
�ø ø��Æ"��Ø�ª���º�ł��� ,�ªØ�ł�,�ø ø��Æ"�ª���º�ł��� .�Æ�ØøÆ’�ªØ�Ø Æ�����ª,ø���Øø���œ��Ø ,���Øøº�ŁÆøÆ� .
���øÆ�ªØ���ª�� �ø�ØØ ªØ�º�łœ�ªł,ø��Æ"��Ø��łØŒ��ºœº� ,º�ø���łØºØ ��ºœ���Ø�ª �����ł��œºªØ�œœł����º��ØÆłØ���,��º��Æ�ªØ���ªªØ.
�Ø�(� ������œ�Ø���œº���ØÆłØ ,���łØºØ ���Ø�ª �Æ’��łœ.��ºŒ,� �œłÆ�œºÆªØ ��� ,��º���ªØ�Ø �ºØ ºªØ�œœł����º��ªł.�Æ�Æ���ø�Ø� �łÆØ º�ºŒ,��ł��ªØ���ª�º�,ø�ł��ªØ�Ø � Æø� ,ºØ�� �Ø��łØŒøØ�Ø�ºØ º� .� �ł��� ,�ł��Ø � º���ªØ�Ø .���Ø ����Ø ��ªØ�Ø Æ���œÆº�Ø�Ø� ,ºªØ������ªł,Æ���ø��œºÆªØ Øœł.�œ��ªØ�Ø ,�łØ�ł���º�,�œº�ł.
BFGCG[NFPNLVZ[\\ZGPF
�(�øłØ� ��ªø,ø�ª� �Æ�ø�œ �ł��œ ��łÆ ��Ø.
�(�� ��ªø�łØºØ ��œ�Æł�Æ��ÆØœ�º�æœ,º��Øø��ªØ œ�Ø���œ�Æł �øºØ��Æ�ØÆł��ª.�ł�ø������ÆÆØœ�º�æœ�øłØ���,ø���ªÆ�ªł�œ�ªØ����øºØ��.º�øºœÆ,�ø�łØØØ�����Ø.����Æ����Ø��.�łØ��ª�,Æø�ø��Æ"�Æ��ÆØœ�º�æœ�Ø����ø øł�,�تºæ.�œ���ł,ø���ª���ø��ªØ ,�œ�ÆłÆøºØ������Æ�ªł�œ�ªØ�?
�(���,ƪ�����Œ,øø���º�Æ�Ø�Øł,øØØ����ÆØ ���ØÆ�� ���Ø.ªøÆ�Ø�Øł�ºØ��œ�� ,��ªØ ��ªÆ���� ���.ÆØ�ºŒÆØ�ºŒÆ����Œ,���ø �ª ���ø��ªØ .��ł����Œ,���Ø,Æ�Ø�Øł�Ø��� ?��ł�,�ª�Ø,��Ø��ª�œØ�œ��Ø�� ,�łØ� Æ�Ø ��łØØ���ªœ���Œ.��,�Ø�ŁÆÆØ�Ø���Œ,ØøÆø �,ªØÆł�,�ø���Æø����Œ.ÆØ�ºŒÆØ�ºŒ,Æ�º�� �œł�����Œ�� ,ø���œ �ø� .�Æ�� ��Æ�Ø�Øł���Ø
233 | ªØ�Ø��łø�Ø�
Æ�Ø ,��ª����ªØ �ªÆł���Ø���Œ,��ł�œÆøÆØ� ,��łøº� Æ�Ø ,�ت�Ø�ºæ�ł�����Œ.
Ł(��º��,ºØ�ø��ª��ªØ ����ÆÆØœ�º�æœ,�øºØ��Æ�����œ�œ,����øƺ�Ø�º� ����Ø ø ,ºØ����º��Ø� ø .�ت�œ�Æłœ�øºØ��
�,ØøÆØ Æ�ØÆł��ªø��غłœ�,�øØÆÆ�ªł�œ�ªØ�.� ��ª����ªØ ������ø ,ºœÆ,�ªÆ�œØ�Ø��Øø?�Ø�øł�,�Ø�ºœÆ,���,�Ø��Øø,º��ł��ª,øØœ�Æł�Ø��Øœ���Ø.º�øºœÆ,�Øø����Ø ,ø�Øłø��ØœÆ�ªł�œ�ªØ�.
������Ø
PT[FPZMCFVZ[\VYGEK
œø �(�Øø�łºØÆ�Ø�Æ�Ø�,ت��øł�øłÆ�øł,�غ�Æ�غ�,�ªł��Æ�ªł�œ,Øø����Æ� �Æ�.��ø��œ�º�,ºø�ø� �ø���ÆØ�Ø�,
��ºłÆ��Æ�,º���غ�œ,�ø��º��ø���ª�Ø�Æ�Ø�,�Ø���ø��œ���,��ł��ø��łºÆ�.ø�łºÆ�����ø��łºØÆ�łºÆ.
BGZ[RDNFP\GLFIG[LVZ[\\XGGF
���(��Æ"�������œ�æœłœ.º���œ�æœ�Ø ��Ø�Ø �������œ .����Ø,��������œøÆÆ’��Ø ªÆØ��.�Ø���œ ,�ø øت��
Æ�øŒªø���,øø �ø��ł��º��,�Ł �æł�æªØ .� ���Ø���øŒ,���Ø���łºŒ�œ�����ł�تØ�����Ø.
NIOGKKQVZ[\GBZB
���(�Œ�º�Æø������Œ,øœ�Æ�ÆŁÆØØ�Œ,ºØºÆłł������Ø �œ�øØŒ.��ł��ø���,ø��ł��ł����?
��Ł(º�ªÆłØÆ�º���Ø.�Œ�º�Æø������Œ,�Øłø,Æø�ø��ª ��ŒÆªłºØø���Æ"�,��Æ"���łÆ�œ��ø������.��,��� �ØØ�ø�º�øœ�,Æø��œ��Æ,�ø ø��Æ"�ł��
Æ�øØ.��(�Ø����º��Æ��ł����?��(ø������Øł�œÆ�Ø�ª ,�Łł
�œº�æœØøł��,���ºœ,Æø���,Æ�ªØ�Ø�,Æ�łª�æªØ .���� ,ºØ�� ł����ł��æªØ .��łºŒØœŁłÆØØ�,�ªø���,��łœ��º��øÆø���ªÆØ��,ºªØø���œº�,���ºœ,œØ���Æø���ø���
234|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
ÆØ�Ø�ø���.ºøœ�Ø�ÆØ�ø�Ø� ,��º��ÆłºœøłœÆ� .ºØ��œº�Øœ�ø��œø����ºœ,ø��łœ�ø���,
�º��,œœ�ÆøÆ�ł��æªØ øÆØ�Ø�,ø����ØłØ Æ�ø�Ø� ,ø� �� ØØ�.��øł����Æ"�Æ�øØ� ø�Æ�Ø�ª .
I[KCG\G[NFPNIVZ[\GKIK
œłæ�(��œøÆØœ���ÆłØœ���ØŒ.�������øƺ�ºŒ?�ø ø����ł��Æø� �œ��ł��ŁØ �œ.ºØ���,�ªØ�Ø �øłÆ�挪�ØłØ�,ø�ØØ������Ø,��ØØ�ªØ�Ø�ø���,����ł��Æø ��œØ��ªØ�Ø ªø���,ø� �łØ , ��æªØ øÆ�Ø�Ø�.� ���Ø����,���Ø���øŒ����Ø,���Ø�غ��� �æÆ��œ��łØłœ.��øºœÆ,ºØº�øł�ø�ŁØŒ��łı,�ª���ªØøÆØœÆ�.�ø�Ł��œ��łœ,����Øø��������,ø�ªØ�Ø øÆ�æŒøÆ��ł�Ø ���.�ª��Ø�ªØ�Ø ��łØ øÆ��ºœ.ºø��ø�Ł,���,����łı,���Æ�,���ª���ª,øغ���Æ���łØłœøÆ�ª�.º�ºœÆ,�ª��ø�Ł�º�ºØæ�Œ,ø��ª�
�ø� �تØ��ø�Ł,����.œłæ�(�����ÆłØœ,Øæª,����Ø,
ø������Ł�,ø�� ,���Æ�,�œ�ØØ �Ø.øºœÆ,� ��ÆłØœØØ� �Ø��,��œø�Ø �łı��ø�œØ.�ø ø�ØØ�������Ø,Øæª,��ł�����ÆłØœ���ØŒ,ºØ�ØæªÆłØœ,�ł�Ø ��Ø ����,ø�Ø ,���Æ�,��ł�œ�ø �������œ��œ.
œłæ�(º�øºœÆ,ºØ�ªØ��’�ª�œ��Æ.�������,Øæª,ÆØ ,��ºœ.ºØ�ªØ���Øæª,�ª�œ����ºœ.�Øø��łØª�œ ,�ł ����Øœ�.�º�ºœÆ,��œøÆØœ���,�����œŒ.ø��œ�łØª�œ�Øæª,���,�������,���Æ�.��Æ�����Ø� ��ºØ .
DNKFKOVZ[\RI
łØ�(�œ��ø�Æ��œ�Ø .Æø�ø�Ø ��ıÆ��Ø,�œ��œ�Ø ØłªØ ,��Æ"�ø���Ł��ªø��æª��ª�Ø�Ø�,�øŒÆ��ł��œ����Ø,ºæøºŒ,�Ø��ØøØøØ��œ.
ºø��Æ���Æ�œ�º��,��ł�œØ .ºø��Æ���Æ�œ��ø���Æ�ƪ,ø�Ø�ø���º��Æ�Ø�æªØ ,���œł��Ø ��Ø�Ø .ø�ł�œ �ø��Ø�Ø,ºØł��ø�Ø�Ø��º���Ø �œ��Ø �Øœ�Ø ��ø��.��� �Ø��Ø Øº���Æ��º��Æ�Ø�æªØ .
�º����Ø ��łØ ØłªØ .ºØ�Ø ��œ��œ,�ØªØłªØ ���Ø ��ø��,��æł�æªØ .
�Æ���ø ��ø�Ø ��,ø�œ��ı���œ�Ø�Øƺ��ª�.º���łØłªÆº��ª�.��ł��Ø��Æ�Ø��æ�.����øŒªøÆ�����Ø,��øØŒ��Ø�Ø�,ø���æª,��ÆØø��º��øÆø���Æ�æªØ øÆØ�Ø�.����łØ ���Ø ���� ��Bø��Ø �ø�Ł.ºØœ���ØłØ ��º����æªØ Ø�ªØƺ�œØ��Ø� Æø��œ��ł���.
235 | ��� �Ø
PKOZCKONBKGMNGNMCG\B\FBFCFVZ[\GKIK
œø��(łø�Ø�łø�Ø�øø��ÆœØ�.ø��ÆœØ�,��ø��Æœ�øł�Ø���œŒ�ø�ł,Øæª�Ø��,���ł�œØ"�,ø�œłłøł�.�ø���ª�Ø��,º�øºœÆ,ø���œ�œ�ł�øØ.��øł�ø��Æœ���Æ�ø�º�æœØøł��,�øºØ��,����Æ"�.
œø��(�ø ��ºœÆ,�Ø łÆØ ��غ��ºÆœ�œ���Æ�.ºØºøÆ��Ø�Ø�,�Ø ,�æª,ª�æØ�øłØ�œ���Æ�,�Ø��ºÆ�ø��Æœ�ø���.º�øºœÆ,Ø�Ø�œ�Æ��Ø.ºØÆœ��łœ��º��øÆ�ø���ª�Ø�������Æ�,���øøł�,��Øœ
Æ�Ø�æªØ .ºøÆ���Ø�Ø�Æ�æªØ ø�,��º�Ø �Ø ,��ø�ØŁ�œ�øłØ��,�Ø��ºÆ�Æ���œ��łœ��º��,����ªłÆ����æØ��ø�Ø �œ��łœ�,ºØ��ÆØø��º��Æ�æªØ ,��º����Øł�ƺ��ø��œ.
œø�Ł(ƺ��� ��ºłłª���ł���Æ�,�łł��Ø����Æ�.º��Ø��,ø�Ø��łłœ���Æ�,łª�œ��łØ,º�øºœÆ,ø�Ø��غ�Bœ ��ÆŒ.ªłŒ�� ,ø�Ø���øÆ������Æ��łª���ł��ºł.���Æ�ºł�ªÆłæœ ��,ªÆł�Ø����Æ��łœ���Œ.
\VKNFFRMNN\CD’YGGKOVZ[\GK[NI
��(œ�Ø��ø�łÆØ �����Ø��Æ"�,��Æ"��œŁłÆ�œ��œ�Ø��.�ø ø�Ø���ƺ�����Ø ,ºØ��ªø���æªØ ,�ø�Ø�Æłœ,�ø�ØøØł��Ø .�º��œ�º���ªªØ ,��ªØ�Ø�ø�������.ºØ�æªØ ��øºØ ��ªØ�Ø�,�Æłœ��ªø���,ł��Ø ���ª����Ø.�ø ø�º��œ�º�����Ø �ªªØ ,�øØœŁł����œ�ł�ø�ªØ��Ø
���Ø ,Øæª,��ø�غ��Øøœ�����Æ�,�����º���ØÆł.
�Æ�œ�Ø�œØ�ت�Ø��º����º���ªªØ ,�Ø��Ø�����Æ�����ª,�ø�Æ�ø�æªØ ,��Æłœ,�ł��Ø .�º�œ�Ø�œØ�ت�Ø���œ��œ��œ�Æ�º�œ�Ø�œ�łÆØ .ºØ�Ø���º��œÆº��’��Ø ,º�œ�Ø�œ�łÆØ .
EGEGC\[CTVZ[\RI
øŁ�(ÆœøÆ,ø�ªª���Œ�ØØœ�,�Ø ø�Æł��� .� º�,����œ����Æ"���łØ���ØœØ��ª �º�?
øŁ�(ºŒªłºØø���Æ"�,����Øø��Øø�����œ��ª ��Øœø�,��ªØ���ł�ø��œ�,��ª ø��Ø���ø���.ºØ�ø��Ø���,�ª����ø�ø��œ����Ø���ø�Ø,øÆ���łºŒ,�æœ��
��� .�ø��ªÆł���Ø��Æ"���ÆØł��� ,���Ø�ø�Ø,���Ø���.
øØ�(���ÆœøÆ�Øœ����ª ��łØ���ØœØ?��ƪ�,����Øœ���łı��ªø�º����ª øÆ�Øøł��.��œ���ø�º���ªÆł��ª.ºØÆœøƺ��łıØøł�������Æ�.œ�Ø�œÆ�ØØ����Æ���Æ��Ø�ª��łœ�ø���.��łºŒ�Æ�ØœÆ��Ø�
236|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
ª��Ø �º��’��Ø .�łØ������Ø�ª�º��Æ�Ø�æªØ ,ø�Ø���łœ�ø���.Æ�Ø�œªª���Œ�Ø����Ø�ª��Ø ��’��Ø .��غŒ,����ØøÆœøÆÆœ��ø�ªª�ØØœ�,ºªØøœº���Æ����Ø�
ª��Ø �ªª,�ØØœ��ºł�œ��Ø�ø���ª ��łØ�,ºªØ��Æ�������Ø�ª��łØØ ���łœ�ø���.ºØ�Ø��øł����Æ���Ø�ª��Ø ,�Łł ø�ØÆ�����Ø�ª��łØØ ,ø� ���Ø�ª��łœ�ø���.
BK[FMK\HZKTGKNEFHMZVZ[\\HZKT
º�(�º�Æ�Ø �ºł��Æ�º��Ø Ø�ª,��łºŒ�œ���Ø ,Æ�Ø Æ�ºłÆ��Ø��,Æ��Æ�Æ��Ø���.�Æ�,Ø�ª��ºł,�Øłø,ø�ºł��Æ�º��Ø Ø�ª��ªØ�Ø�,ø��Æ�Ø�œ�ºł.
� ��Æ�œ�ª,�Øłø,øº��Ø Ø�ª��Æ��ºł��ªø���,ø��Æ�Ø�œ��Æ�.��ªø���ø�ŁÆØœł��ªØ�Ø�,��ºł
øÆØ�Ø��º�,ø�Ø�ø�Ł.���ºł���,øØ�������Æ�,���ºœ,��ªø����,º�ªłºØº��Æ�,�º���ł���Æ�.�Æ��ºł�Ø����ªØ�Ø�ø����ºœ,���ø�Ł,���Æ��Ø��œ��º�œ,ºØ��ªø����Ø�ø�Ł,�º�ºœÆ�Ø,Ø�ª��ºł.
YGNDNDNFP\DNDNVZ[\GKIK
œ��(��������œ������Ł�����.�łºÆœæœ�œ��ºœ�œ����œ.���Ø�œ��,Øłª,��Œ�øŁŁÆ� .��ø�ł��øŒÆ��Ø��ªł�œ,�æaÆ�����æÆØÆ.
���Ø�Ø��Ø Æ�’���œÆ����ł��,��º�Ø �’��ªœ�� øł��ØłØ�,ø� �’�Ø Ø�Ø�ø������.º���ØłØ �تØ����Æ�’���œ���,ø��ºØ �œ����Ø Æ� ,Æ����ł��.��غŒ�º��ªłŒ��łœ Æø ����.
�’��ªœ���º��œ���.�º�Øø�’��ªœÆ�� ,�Ø�Ø�,�’��ªœÆøł�,�ø���,�’��ªœÆ�ØłØ�,����Ø.����øØø����ƺ���ª��’��Ø .º�����ł�ªÆł��’��Ø øÆ�ØłØ�,����Ø,ø���Øł���Ø����ł���.�º��º���œ �’��œ.
����ł,��������œ������Ł�����,�������Ø�Ø���ø���.�ªø��łœ�ø����Ø���Øł���ł���Ł�����,��ø���ł,�œ������Ł�����.�ªø�Łł ø��ø����œ�Æł �Ø�Ø�����Ø ��łœØæ�łœ,���œø�Ø�غ����ØłÆ�Ø�æªØ .��ø���ł,�łºÆœæœ�œ��ºœ�œ����œ,ø�łºÆœ��œ����œ,��łœ æ�łœ.
��łºŒ�œ������ø������Ø�Ø�.��ø���ł���Ø�œ��Øłª,º��łø���Ø�œ��æªØ ��œ��Ø ��Ø�Ø�,����Øł� ������Ł�,�º���ł,��Œ�øŁŁÆ� .
��łºŒ�œ������Ø�Ø������Ø.��ø���ł,��ø�ł��øŒÆ��Ø��ªł�œ.�Øł���Ø�,����Ø,���ł���ø�ł,��øŒØ����挪�ØłØ�,
237 | ��� �Ø
ø��ªØ�Ø .�º���ł��øŒÆ��Ø��ªł�œ,Æ���ªØ�Ø ,��Ø�ł���ø��Ø �����œ��łœ�’��Ø .�
º���ł�æÆÆ�����æÆØÆ,ø��Ø�ł��æÆÆ�œ�����æÆØÆ,�ØØ�ª�’��Ø ��Æ��.
BKKN\F[IZVZ[\VRIS
œł�(º�ØØ�œł����Ø�Ø�Ø ,º���øØœł���ØŒ���Ø .����ØøØø�ø��ºł�ø���Æ�,�º���ª,ºØ�ØØ���ł�Æ�ø��ºł,����ł�Æ�ø���Æ�.º�øºœÆ,º�ØØ�œł�,�øłœł��ø���Æ�.��ºœÆ,Øł�,Æ�ø��ºł,ºØ�º���ª,���ºœ.���Æ��Æ��’,ºø�Ø� �Øł���Ø�,Æ’��łœ��ª�Ø ,�Ø���ł�œ�ØØ�.Æ��Æ�Æ’,��łø�œ�Ł�,��ł�œ�ØØ��.
œł�Æ(�ØØ�œ�ø�ł��Ø��Ø���œł���Øœ,���ºœ,ø�Ø�ƺ��Øœ�� ł���Øœº��.ºØÆø�ø�ø�ª��œ�œ�,�Ø��łØº�����aª�,ƪº���Øœ,ø��º��Æ�œÆØ")ÆłØ��,Ø�Øł�,øØ�(,�Ø���ºœ��ł��,�ªłŒł��,Æ����غ����.�Ø��ł����º�,ªøÆ����łœ�����.ºªØøœœ�Æ�������ø�ł��Øœ,œ����� ��œ����.ºøÆ��,�œ�Æ�Ø ��Ø�º�ø�ł��Øœ,�Ø��ªœÆ���,����œ�º���œ��œ.�æØ����,œ� ƪ�Ø��œØœ�Łł��ÆØœ�.���ø�Ø�����œ���,�Ø�ø� �Æ�,º�Ø��º��Øœł��º��º��.
œł��(ºøØÆ��Æ�ł,���ł�ø�ł,ØÆ����Æ�Ø���œ.�ø ���Ø���ł�œ�ØØ�œ�ø�ł.�ø ø�łœøÆÆ�ł,ø���Æ�Ø ��ºØB�ª�.º�øºœÆ,º��ł�œ�łØÆ��ªœ,z�Ø�œ��a�Æ�Ø�.
œł�ª(�Ø�����œ���,ºø�Æ�ł�łØŒ�Æ�,ƪ�Ø��,�ø�łœ�æœ��œ���Øł.º�øºœÆ,œ� ƪ�Ø��,
œØœ�Łł��ÆØœ�.ºØ�ø��Øł�Æ�ł,ºÆłº��øÆœÆ���ø��.
œł��(��,�œłł����ªÆ����ł�Ø,�ł�ƺ���ł,�łÆØ ,�غ�æ����º .ł��Ø ,��.º���ªØœ�æ������ł�Ø�.ºØ�ø��Øł�ø�ø,º���ª��ª��æ�����.�Ø���ºœÆØ �œ���Æ�Ø��,����œ���ÆÆ�ł.�ø ����ł�œ�ØØ�œ�ø�ł.
œł��(���ł���Ø��œ�Æłœº�ØÆł��ºœ.��ł�œ�ØØ�,Æø �ºł.��ºœøØøØ �łæ�œ��œ��� øØ����ø ,�º�æœ�œŒ�ł��øŒ,��ºœÆœŒ�ł��øŒ.��ø��ª��œ��łØ���łł��Ø�,��Œ�ł��Ø�,�Ø����ø ���ł��ł.ºØ�ø��Ø�ø ,���Ø�����Æ"���ø��ł,Ø��,����Ø ��Æ��,�Ø��Ø��œ.�ø ���œ�����łœ�����Æ��œ�Ø��.���œ�Ø�������œ���œ����ªø��ø�łœ�Æ�ł.ºØ�ø��Øł�Æ�ł,��ºœ���Ø���ł�Øœ.
œł��(Æø�ø�� �łØŒ��ø�Ø ,�œ�æ�Ø ��Ø�º�ø�ł��Øœ,�Ø����ł�ø�ł�Æ�,Ł�œł�ø�ÆØ�ÆłºØ�,��œ�����ł���,��Æ"�ø����,�œ���ł��Ø �æ��� .�Ø�Øłªœ�ł�ø��ł,ł��,e�æ�œłœ�œ���.º�ø�ł��Øœł�œ��łØ�,�Ø�����œ�œ�.º�øºœÆ,º�ØØ�œł����Ø�Ø�Ø .�����Ø�Ø�Ø ø�œØØÆø,�� �����Ø ,��œł�.
œł��(Æø�ø�œÆłœ�æœ�œ,
238|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
ºø��Ø��ø�œ���ªœ,��œ�łØ����œ,����ł��,ª’��œ,º�øÆ��œØÆœø�,Ø��E�’ÆØ �ł�,ø��øØłø��Æłœ��.��Æ"�ø��œ�,���Ø���Øøœ�.��,Ø����ø��ª�ª��œŒ�łØ�øŒ,Æ�ÆØ���łØ ,�Ø���ŒÆ�ł,��ت�ØØ����,Æ��øŒ�œ�Æ�œ�� Æ’��Ø .
œł�Ł(Æ� �ł�ø��Ø��ª �������ø��Œ.Æ� �ø�ØØ�Ø��Ø �Ø ,øœØ º����Æ��œøÆ�łØ .�Ø���œ�œ��ت�.�æØ��ø�Œ,ØC�œ�æ�Æ�Ł���ØØ .ºœÆ,z�ø�z��ª�eÆ�Øł .
œø(Æ�œ���ø��Æ"��æ�Ø���ø����ø���,ºœÆ,���’Ø�����ØØ�œØ�ø�B�Øłœ.���’Ø�����ØØ�œ,� ��Æ�Ø �º�ÆØ �łł��’���œ.�ت,Ø�ø�B�Øłœ,�łł��ø,���œ�œ��Ø���ºœÆØ�Ø� .Æ�غ�ø���Æ"�,ø�����ºœ.º�������Ø øÆÆØ"�œ�Ø ��łØ ,ºÆª.�ØØ�ÆłŒºÆª�’����.ø�Ø����ºœ,���ł�œºÆª�’.
�Æ�ł��º���ØØ���ª��ø����ºœ...
ºÆłØªœø�Øł���Ø���ø�œ�Ø ,Ø�Ø�,��ø�œ��æªØ .���ºœ��ø�œ��Ø��,ø���,��ø�œ��º��øÆø���.��غŒ,���ºœÆØ ,ø�Ø���º��غ���ø�Ł,�ø�ª��œ��Ø�������ø��,�ł��º��øÆø���.Æ��øŒ�Ø ,ø�Ø����Ø�Ø��ł��º��,����ø��ø��Æ�œØ����øºØ ���.�łØº����øØŒ
���ø��,ºØ�Ø���º���ø�œ��� ªØ�Ø .º����ø�Ø���œ�ÆøœÆ�æªØ Æ�Ø�ª����Ø,��øºØ ����ªØ�Ø �øØ .ªØ�Ø ����œ��Ø �تØ��œ�,�Æ��Ø �ł���ªłŒł���.
º�øºœÆ,zœ�Æ��œ�ł��,ø��œł��œ��º��.º�,��łœØ���k���Ø�ł������Ø.���Ø��øØœœº�Æœ�Ø�œ��Ø��.�º�,�œ�øŁ����øŒ���łı.ºØ��łœ��º��øÆø���Æ�ØØ�Ø����øŒ.�Æ�����øŒ����ø��,ø����łœ�º��.ø���Ø��ÆØ����غ�����,��º��ªø���.�Æ���Æœø��øغ���º��,�Ø�����œ�łÆ�ªØ�Ø øÆ�º��Æ�Ø�æªØ ,ø�Øłø,ø�Ø��غ����ø�غ� .ø�Ø����ºœł����ØœÆø���Æ�ØØ�Ø�,Æ�� Ø�Ø�œ��º��,ø��ªłŒł���,ªøœ��ł�����,Æ����ت�Øł���Ø�,øø ØØ�ª�ø��� �Ø�Ø�.ø�������œ�تØ,ÆØ�Æ’�łœ���Œ.
����Ø��łØº��øÆ�����?ºØ�Łł øÆ�������Æ�����Ø,�łœØ����Ø Æ�,�Ø��غ����ø�غ� �ø�ł��Øœ,��Æ�œØ����øºØ ����.�Æ�ºøÆ�������,�œ�Æ�Ø ��Ø�º���Øœ,�ø�œ�� ��ł��º��.ø�ªœÆ�Ø� �����Ø,�łœØ���œ�Ø Øº�������º���ª.�Æ�œ��łœ��º���º���Ø��.º�øºœÆ,œ� ƪ�Ø��,ø��Æ�œ���º��,��º���Ø��.œØœ�Łł��ÆØœ�,ø�ø�œ�º��Æ�Ø�.
239 | ��� �Ø
łÆØø����ÆłØ���Ø)łøÆ"Ø(
FK[KCFCPTZFFYEP\SVZFHGFZ
��(ł’���æÆ�Ø�Øłł��øœØ�Ø�łØ ,ø�ØÆ�œ�œ��Ø .�łØ ����ł,�Ø�łØ �Ø�łØ ,�łØ�œ����œ��Ø ,�ł�Øœ �œ��� øÆ�Ø��Øø��.�غ��Ł,��ł,�Ø�łØ �Ø�łØ ,�º���øÆ���Ø.���º.�º�æÆØ ��º���.
ºØł’ø��Æł����Ø���ºœø�Øœ���ł�,�朜ł��Æ�Æ�ł���œ��ت�Ø����.�º�Ø��ł’���æÆ�Ø�Øł�Æ�øÆ�ØØ�Ø .
��(�Łł øØ�����Ø�,���Æ���Ø�łØ ,Æ�Ø�ø���œ����ºœÆ��ª,ºœÆÆœº,�øłł’ø��Æ�Ø��ØØ������ł� ł’���łÆ�.��Œł’���æ
��Ø.����œø�øœ��,�������ÆØ ��Ø ,�łÆ�ØøØÆ�Æ�ł�.ƺ��,��ł�Øøł�؜،ƺŒ.��ł�ł’ø��,�øłØ���Ø,øł�Øœ�œØƺŒ,ºØ� ��ł�Øœ�œØƺŒ,���Ø؜غŒ...
ºØ�łÆø�Ø øØøÆÆ�ł��Ø��ºł��ØøÆø œŒ���,ºªØ�ºæœØł��æ�Æœł�,���ªÆøł���œ��.ƺ��Ø��ł.�Ø�Øøł�؜،ƺŒ.���ł’ø��,�øłØ���Ø�øłł�Øœ�ØƺŒ,ø�������ł�Øœ�ØƺŒ,���ØØœØƺŒ,º��ł,ø���ØØœØ�º���Ø�Ø檜�œł�,ºØº�ł��œ�º�œ��ª���º�Æ�œ Ø"�ø�Ø ø�Ø��æœłÆ�ł�.
CTNFRZG\VZ[\K\ZG
œØ(ºØ���ØØE�łŒØ�ØE.�Øø�º�Æœł�����łª����,�º��ø�Ø�ØØ :��ªÆ� ���,��ªÆ� �Æ�.øºœÆ,�ØØŒ,�ø�łÆØ ,ø� ø�ØØ .º��Øø��łª����,��º�ø��łª����ØØ .�Øø��łª��łÆØø��,º�Ø���łª�º�.
œØÆ(...�Ø�ªłøłÆØø��Øæœ�����.ºØºø���ªØ ���ØłÆØø��,�ÆØ��Æ�œ�Ø �º�Æł,�º��œ���,
ºø��łª����,�Ø���ØªØ º� ,º���ÆØ æœ�Ø .
œØ�(ºœÆ,Ø������ł��øł�Ø,ØØœ��øÆØ �Øø����Ø .º�ł���ø��ØłØ ���º���łœ.�������ø��œ,ø����æł���º� ,���œø�ª�Ø������łœ.ºŒłÆØø��Æ�Ø��ØÆ���łœ,����Øł�º�,��ł��æł��������ø��œ.
SVZFHGFZ=\KC\RIVZ[\CFTNG\L
�(��øºØ�Ø Ø��Øłº��ł�ł�Ø.��� Æ�Ø�Æ��.��� ��øœª�Ø Æ��ł������ł�æ�ł���ł.ø��ºœØÆœ��,ø�œ�Æ�Ø Æ�ø�ØØ �ØłøÆ
���ºœ,���Ø ��ª�Øłø�ØØ ��ø���,øÆ� �œ�ØØ ,º��Æ��ØØ�ª�Ø�ł�œø�غ�.
æª�œł���ł�Æ�.�ØØ�ª,�ØØ�
240|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
��ø�.�Ø�ł�,�ØØ��ł�œł�.œø�غ�,º�œøºØ��,øº�æª
���ª�Œ,œøºØ��œ��ł�œł���ø�œ�.������łø�æ�ł���ł���.
FYC"FDGHZGXEKYPCJNVZ[\GKYZB
ł�(���ØØœ���ł�ø���ł�������� ,ø���Ø�łÆØø���ÆŁ��œ�.øºœÆ,�łØøł���ø�Æ�ª ,�ªØ��ø�Øł�œ���Ø .��Æ"��ø�Æ�ª .�Ø�ø�Æ��Æ"�?�ªØ��ø�.ø��Æ"���ł���ÆŁ�.
ł�(º��łÆØø��Æ�Ø��Ø,øØ ��ª�Ø�ØøÆÆ�œ�øł�ª.�ø�Ø�Øł���ø�ø��Øł,æœ �ł�’��Ø .ÆœŒºŒ��øŒ��ł,�ł��Æø�ø,ø�łØł�.��ł��łÆØ���łÆ�,Æ���łØØÆ�Ø,�ł��.ºØª�Ø��ł����ł�����,��Æ"�ł����ªØ�Ø.ª�Øøø�øØ Ø œ�Ø�����ªÆł���ø���ł,��Æ"��Ø�ø����ªø�ªØ��ªØ�Ø .º�øºœÆ,ºØ��Øø��’���Ø ªÆł,ºØ� �Ø��æª��ƪØ��ÆØ�Ø .
ł�Æ(ƪø�Ø��ºØ ƺł ���,ł���ø��ªø�Ø�Æ��Ø�œ�,��ŁÆ�łıÆ�ł.���łÆØø��,�غتØÆł�ø���ø.ø�Ł���ø�łØª�Ø.ł��łÆØø���œ�ø��œ�ª�ªœ.��ł�,��ø��ø,�Œ��ł���ø�����Ø�,��æØœ��æŁØ�,øłÆØø��Æ�Ø��Ø����Æ� .�º�Øæ���ø�œł�ø���Æ�ł��ª.��łłÆØø��,��ł��Ø,º�ø��ø�œ�œ���ł���Æ��ł,º���ø��Ø�Ø��ł���Æø�œ� ��ª�.
ł��(��øłÆØø��Æœ�Ø��.ƪø�Ø�œ���Ø ,ø�����ª��ł,�æ���łœ�غ�æ����º ,�º�œ���Æ�Ø �Ø��øłœÆ� ,ºØłÆØø��Æ�Ø��ØÆØŁ��œ�.�øłØŒłÆØø��,ø�ª�Œ
ł��ÆØ�łŒ�º�Æ�Ø�� .Æ�ø�ºœÆ,Ø���ø�,ø�ø�ø�������,�œ�,łÆØø��,��ł,��Æ"���ØØ ,����ł�œ��ÆŁ�.
ł�ª(ÆœŒºŒł��,ºØ��Øł�ø�ø�Æł�œ�ø�ł.��łłÆØø��,ª�Ø,ºØ�� �œÆø .�º�æ�ÆØœªłø,ºØ�ªØ��’,��ª�Bœ��Æ,ØøłØ��e��Ø�B.������Ø�B?ºØ�ªØ��’�ª�œ��Æ,�ø ªØøłØ����Ø�B.��Ø �Ø�Ø ø�Æ�Ø�� .ºØ�łØºØ �Æ�ø���Æ"�ł��Ø �º���ø� �łØºØ .
ł��(��ØøłØ��?Ø�Ø�ª ,�æ�ØłœªœØ�,�æœ �º�æœ�Ø ,�ºœł,Ø�Ø� ,�æ�Øłœ,ª�Øł���Ø�,ø��ł�Ø ��Ø�B,ł�Ø ���œ��ƪłŒØøł��ø�łØŒ�ł�œ.ø��Ø ª�Øł���Ø�ł�Ø ���Ø ªœØ�,º����Ø ªœØ�ł�Ø ���Ø ª�Øł���Ø�,ƪłŒØøł,�Æ�Ø��ŁœØ�Ø�ø���.
ł��(Æø�ø��Æ"��ø�Ø�Æ� ,ł���øØ� ø�Æ�Ø�ª ��Ł�ø� ºøłØ ,�œ���œØ�,ºœł,Æ�Øł���Ø�,œ��łœ.�机�Ø º������Ø ª�Øł���Ø�,Æ��Ø æœ�Ø ªœØ�,�œÆłºØ º� ,�ø ø�机�Ø ��Æ��ƪłŒØøł,Æ����Ø,ø�Ø��Ł��Ø�Ø����ø���.º�øºœÆ,ØøłØ��e��Ø�B,ø��Ø� ªœØ��Øł���Ø��机�Ø ��Æ��ƪłŒØøł,Æ����Ø.���œÆłºØ º� ,�ø�Ø �����ªø�œÆłºØ º����œ,����Ø º����œº��ª.����ł��’��ªø���ª.
241 | łÆØø����ÆłØ��Ø)łøÆ"Ø(
V\KI\FB]EZBHGJBVZ[\FBHKRG
º�(��łłÆØø��,���œ�øœł���Ø�.��Øł���Æ�Æ�ØÆø��� �Æ�.���ªÆłØ �ªøØ ø���Ø�؜تœ�,��Øł�����œ���Ø�øºØ��,ø��Ø��ł,øÆ�Øæł��æœ��œØ���� .ªœ��Ø�æœłØ Æ�ÆØ,ºªØ�غ�æÆ� �� �Æ�.
º�(ºŒ��Ø�æªł�œº ,ł’�Æ�غœÆ,ł’���łØ��ªÆ��,ø�ł��ÆłØ ØªÆÆÆ�Æ .� ł’�Æ����łØºœ�Ø.�Ø�ł’���łÆ�ØøÆ���Ø,��ł�ł’ø��,� Æ�Ø,ºØ��łØøÆÆ�� ��.� ł’���ł.
º�(�œŁ�ł’ø��Æ�Æø,ØøÆ.�œ���ł.����œØ Ø���Ø���º�ØłªØª��.����œØ Ø���Ø�,ºŒ��ª�Ø,ø� ��ł�Ø �œØ ,ºØ��Æ"���ł�
�Ø,��øł�ÆØ������ł�Ø �ØØ ,��ªØ�Ø ,�� �����ł�Ø �œØ ,�łøØ .æ��ºœÆ�ºØ�øºœÆ,��º�ØłªØª��,º����ØłªØ ����Œª��,
øØØø�łÆ�Ø�Ø� .�Æ���º������ł�Ø �ØØ .ø� ��ªØ�Ø ,�øł��Æ"�ł��ÆØ�ł ...
�(�œ�ł’ø����ł,��Ø�ªªØ�ØØœø�œ.º��Ø�Ø ø�ØØœØ�øłÆ� ���,Æ�øł��ª��øłœØÆ��Æ"�,�ø ��œ�,�ØØœø�œ.ø��º������ø�Æ��ø�Æø���ªÆłØ æœ�Ø øÆ�œØ���ªØø�,�æœ �º��æœ�Ø ,�tł�ø�ƪ��º�,�Ø��ƪ�,ø�łØ�º��œªÆ�Æ,���œªÆ�ƺ�,���º�.
FS\NYG\Z’[PTGQCQKGIBKVZ[\FBHKRG,BEZBHGJB
���(��łł’�Æ�,����ł���ł��ªø��ł�ØØ ,ªø�øœººªÆłØ.��غœÆœØ,�øÆœØ�ºœÆª,��ø�œØ.���łØ�œØł�øØ,ºØ��ł�Ø��ª�,���ØØœØغ���机�.ÆœŒºŒ��ª�œØ,ø�œØ����ł���ł,�łŒØ�Ø ø�œ�ØØ .��łºŒ,ø�œØ����ł,�ØØ ø����Œ.
���(º��œ�Ø ,����æ���ø���ÆØœ,���Ø��ØøØ�Ø��Ø.ºØ��غ�,���œø��ł��ø�Ø�æa�ÆØ �œ.º��œ�Ø ���œØ���łı�ØœØ.��łø��º���ø,ł�ØœØ�œ���ł��ªø,�ªø��ªøØ ,ø�æœ������ ,ø�œŁ�øºÆ�Ø�Ø�,��Ø���œ.
���(� ł’���łÆ����تØ�ø��œ�.��Ø�Ø�ºœØ��łøœ�œł��Ø.ł�
��ÆłØ �ƺœ,��غ��ªÆł.�œ�Ø���ÆłØ ÆƺØØ�,ł’���łÆ�,����’��Ø ,��غ���œ��Ø.��łºŒ,�œ���ł,�ÆØ�ÆØ,�’�Ø��ł��Øø�ł��ª.º��ł,�’�ª�Ø �ØÆ�łı,ø� ,ł’���ł,�ÆØłøÆ"Ø,���ł’���æÆ�Ø�Øł.œ��ø�łł’���łØœ ����,�łøÆ"Ø�ÆØ,�ø�ł��ªÆ� .œ�,��łø�æœ����Ø����ª����,øœ�œØ�Ø�ŁØØ�Ø �ØØœ�øª�,Æ��Øتł��ø�Ø ,����º�Æ,����œ�,ø��Øœœ�ªª��,��ø�Ø ,øØøÆÆ��Ø,Øøœ�Æ��ÆØØ ��ª�.��ÆłØ ,Æ�� ����ø�ØÆ����,Øøœª .
��Ł(� ł’�ØØ��ł��Ø��ł,ªœ��Ø����ł��ªø�ø�Ø��Ø�,œ��Ø�����,�����øœª�ÆØ�ł.� ł’
242|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
���łł’�Æ�����œ����,��ØŁ��øØ�ºæ� .ºªØ���œ��ØŁœ.�Øł���œÆ�Æ��ªœø���ÆłØ .º��ÆØœ�Ø����łØ�œŁÆØ .�����ØŁœ.���øœ�øÆ���ł’���łł’�Æ�.
ł(Æ��ºØ Æ�Ø��Ø�Ø �º�ł�Ø�łØ,øł�øØ�Æł�œÆ��� .Æ�����ƺ�Æ�����.�Øłø�œ Æ�Ø�Øł�,���Ø� Æ���Ø� ,øł�ø��ØØ�Æłø ,���øØØ�Æł��� .��łøØ�����ØŁ����ÆØœ,�ØØœ���Æ�Øł,�ø
�ØØœ���Łœ���Ø�.ø���.�غ�æÆ��œ�Æ���Ø���ø�ł’ø��,ØÆ�ø� Ø����øºÆœ .
ł(ºø�º�æ����ł�,ø���ÆœŒ��ł�.����Øø�łØø��łı,�ł�Ø����ºœ,º����Łł�Ø Æł�Ø�ø�ŁØ ÆØ ���ÆøÆØ�Œ,��ł’ø��Æ�Ø��Ø,ø�ª��øœÆ�Æƺ�Ø .�øłØ���������Ł�.º����łœ�Ø�Ø ø�łØ �,�Ø���ł,�œ��Œ��ıœ��œ�ª��ł�Œ��ı�Ø�Ø�.
ł���
FZXGQPDNFSGEG\TNKGRKOHGFZIE[,CZB[K\
�Ø(�øłØ� ��机�Ø ał��ø�� ,ªÆłØ ø�檜��Ø�Ø ,��ºœÆªłŒ��œ.��ºœÆ� ���,���Øł�� �� �Æ�.�Ø� ºœÆ,��øºØ�Ø Ø��Øłº��ł�ł�Ø,���ªØ�Ø�łÆØ ºººÆØ �� ª.�øłØ� Æ� ���Æ� �Æ�.
�œ �ªÆ�Ø Æ��Æ"�Æ��œ,�ł��
ø�� �ªłØŒ�œ ,øØ�ºÆƪœ ,º�Ø��œ������Æ��œ��Ø�Ø ,º�øºœÆ,Ø�Œ�Æł º�øł�Ø��œ�’.��غŒºø� �机�Ø ��łºŒÆł��ø�� ,� ØªØ æªœ��Ø�Ø ,ºØ� �机�Ø Æ�ŁØœøÆł��ø�� ,ØªØ �ØŒ��ÆØ ����檜��Ø�Ø .
FPG[NKOTNZXGQNCOVZ[\GKZB
ł�Ł(�机��ØØœØÆ�œ�� ����Ø,�Ø��� �ª,��������ªØ�Ø ��ø�Ø �ł���Æ .ø���łªeœ
aØ�Bæ�ø�¨�B.����º�Øæ���œ��������ºœ?ÆøÆØ�øºÆøØ�ł.ºØ��ª�,º��ºÆø�œØ�ł,��ºœø�Ø ���œ�œ�Ø.
TNPDENCCNGTNZXGQP[G\UVZ[\RI
øª(Ø��ł�’,�� ��ªø����œ�º� .Ø�ØÆ��æ ��ª .��ª �Øłø,��ª��ø�� .Ø���.ø�����Ø��
�檜��º��ø��ł�ø�Ø ,ªł��Æ�,ø�œ�łø .Æ�º���ø���,�øœª��øœ�ƪ�øø,ºªØ��łœÆ��Æ"�.
243 | ł ��
�Ø��łØ Æ�Ø� �øaœ�øłØ ��Ø�Ø .ø�œ�ƪ�,�œÆ�ØØ��Øł���ª�.
ø�(�� ��ªø����œ�º� .�ø ø� Æ�Æ��ªł����ª,�ªÆłØ Æ�ø���ªø,�º�,œ���ØØÆ�ł�� º��øłØ���øœ.�Ø��Øøغ�����œ�øØ� .�Æ�,��ł��Æ"�,���ø�,��Ø�Æ�Æ��œ��ªł�œø�����œ
��ø�ø�� ��Ł�.��œØ���ƪ�ø�� .
ø�(�ø ø�ØÆł���Æ��ª,ªØÆłÆ�ø���ªø,ºœÆ,��ØØÆ�ł�� ,�øłØ���øœ.ªØ���Ø���غ��ø�Ł�Ø� .�����ÆłØ øæ�Ø Æœł�,��Æ�Æ��ªł����ª,���œº��º��ø��ØØÆ�ł���,��ø�ł���øœ.
ø��
EZMKFEZMKRGTOGMNR\KCG\KF[NGOVZ[\GBZB
��(ªłºØ�ªłºØ� º��œØÆœØ�ø� .ªłºØ�ªłºØ� ,� �ł�œ�œł�,ºØ�Øø��ŒÆªłºØ�œł�,��Æ"��øł��Ø�Ø�eœ�øºØ��,ø��œÆł����� .º��œØÆœØ�ø� ,
� �øÆØ�Ø ø��œł�.ºØº��øÆØ�Ø ø��œł�º� ø� .ø� �����,ø� ���Ł�,ø� �Æ� ���,ø� �Æ� �Æ�.
FIGNYTNF[NGOVZ[\YGZI
�(�Ø��� �ª����ø� .ºøÆł���Æ"��œ�� ,���Ø�غ���œ�ØØ ,ªøÆ���ø�ł��Ø� ø� ,
øÆœ,ø��ø� ø���Ø�Ø �œ�œ�Ø .���œ�ØØ �� .�º��Øø�����ø� ,Ø�ƪ���� .
BOFOC[NGO,BKQFEKQ[GNJTNKFOVZ[\PYW
�æ�(º���ł�’,� ø��Ø º�łaØ º�����e�Æł.º�øł� º�,ØøÆø� �Ø�Æ� Æ�Ø����œ,��Æ"��ł� �Ø� �ªØ��Ø�ø�ŁÆ� .����Øøº� ÆªØ Æª��ł�,� � Æø� ,
�Ø��ªØ�ø�Ł�Ø� .øºœÆ,�Æeł�aØ ,ƪ��ł�,��łØ ,����.ø�Øłø,��Ø�� ÆªØ �aØ ,ƪ��ł�,�º��� � � Æ�ØÆł,����.
244|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
YZC\FXEKYKOPZCF[NGOCTGNOVZ[\GKD[
æ(�øłØ� ��ªØ�Ø ø�łÆœ ������ÆØ�ø� Æ� ,�ø øØªØ �ØØ�ª�ØØ�ª�øœ�łÆ���łÆœø� Æ� .ºØØæ�Ø�ª�,º�ªø���œ�łÆ�����,���Ø�ø� .ºØ�ø�œ�łÆÆØ�ª
Øæ�Ø�ª�,���œłÆ��ø� Æ� .�œæ��ø���������Ł�Æœø�œ�łÆØ�ª�Øæ�.º��øÆŁØ �Ø����Ø Ø�ª Øæ�.�łÆ���Ø��łÆœ�ø� Æ� .
FFGNLCEZLFBP\VZ[\PYW
��(łÆØ�Æ��Ø�ØøÆÆ�œ�øł�Øł�ª.ł���ª ��ªø�Ø�Æ�ØøÆ�Æ�ØŁ�ø�ØØœ�Æ�Łœ��ª��ł,�Ø�ØØ����ªłŒ,ØøÆØø�ø .ÆœŒºŒł����ø��ª,ø�Ø�Æ����,Ø��øłı�ł��œ���ø.ºø��Øı��ª ,ł���œ���ø���,ø�Ø��œ.� ��ª �����Æ�ØŁ�ø�Ø�ØøÆ�Ø�,�����ø�œ�œØ�,ºØ��ł�����ł,��ª �Ø��,ºØ� �Ø����łł���� ,�Ø����ÆØ�ª �Æ�ØŁ������,�Ø���ł�.
��(Æ���ØłÆØ�Æ���ł�,��ł�Ø,���øØŒ?ºØ��Æ"����ł���ØŒø�Ø�æØ ��,ø��Ø������ø,���Æ�ØŁ�ø����,���ØÆ�Ø� .
��(��ł�,º�Ø�Ø��ø��Ø�ª ł�,ø���œł�ØœØ����œØ�.ª,� ��غ�œØ��œł�œ�,���ØœØ��ØŁœØ�Łł ø���œØ��º���ø�Øł�Ø,���ŁłœØ�ø���º��Ø ��œłøø��Ø.��ªØ�Ø��,���ª,ø��œØ �����øœª�œØ�øœ��
ŁÆœ.�Ł(�ª�Ø �øØø����Øæ�.ºØ
ÆØæ�,�øØł��Ø��Ø,ª�Øø�Ø���ł� �Ø� ���œ����,�Æ���øø���,øø�º� º�Æ�Ø�ª ,���ª��Øæ�,ł�Ø��ø��Æ"�Ø��ł���æ��æ.
��(��ŒazB Ø�CaŁ�.���ª ø��ŒÆªłºØ�œł�.Ø�ŒaŁ�,ø��Ø�Ø�� ��غ����Ø�.e��w�øc�łºØØeª.�Ø��Øeª?�Øø�Ł��ªłŒ���œ,�Æ�ø���aœ��Æł,øł���ø� �ł�œ�œł�,Æł���œ� ��œŁł.Øeª,�ØØ�,øØ�Ø��غłÆØ�غ�Æ�Ø�ªØ�,ø��œ�ƪ�� �łœ�œ�ª ,ºªØ��ÆØ���� øØ�Ø���Ø ���.�ت�º��ª�ت�,�º�ºœÆ,Øeª.
��(�œ���ŒÆªłŒ���œ,��Æ"������Ø,ºªØø��Øœeª��Ø�Ø��غł�Æ�Ø�ªØ�.�Æ���w�øc�łºØØeª,Ø�Ø��غł�� .�øłØ� ���øØ ,���ºØ ƪłŒ��œ,��ºØ ÆŁ�Æ� ,ø�Ø� ���ªØ ��Æ� �����Æ� �Æ�.
245 | ø���
ø��
TCEGB\F’C[PIFVZ[\GKYZB
�Ł(ƪ�œ�’Æø���.º�ƪ�ø�ª ł���ƪ���Æ"�,�łØº���Øœ
Æø���,Æł����Æ,ºªØøœØ���ƪœÆø��œ.
[PIFTNKGRFVZ[\\XGGF
�ª(ƪ�œ�’Æø���.ºØø��œ��ª �øºœø�����łœ,��Ø��.
PYGO[NO,PYGO[PIFVZ[\GKIK
�Ł�(�øºØ���Ø��øł�,���Æ�� ø� .��Æ�� �æł,��Æ�� �� ,��Æ�� �Æ,���Æ�� �º�,Æ�� ø���.�ø ��º����ø�Ø ,øØæ��Ø���łª��ÆØ,Ø�Æ�Ø��Æ,��øłœ��Ø�øºØ��.
�Ø�(ƪ�œ�’Æø���,Æ����Ø
Æł���.�Ø�ƪœ��Æ"�,����œŒø���.�Ø��øºØ��øł��œŒ�Æœ,øºœÆ,
œ����Ø�����Ø�º��������.��������ø�ø��Ø ºœÆÆ��ł����,���?��ºªØ�łł�ł����ł�ø��œ,�Øł���Ø�,�º���’�Ø ,ø��ł��ø� .�’��Ø ����º��ª�’�Ø ø�.
SKC\F[N[PI\FNCVZ[\GBZB
��Ł(�Œ�º�Æø������Œ.�Øłø,Æø�ø��ª ��ŒÆªłºØø���Æ"�,��Æ"���łÆ�œ��ø������.��,
��� �ØØ�ø�º�øœ�,Æø��œ��Æ,�ø ø��Æ"�ł��Æ�øØ.
[MZG[NFP[PIB\FCGZBVZ[\VRIS
Æ(º��Øøæ�Æœł�Æ� ���,�º�øØØtœ��º��øłØ ,º���łœ�� ���.�º�,Æø�ø��Łł�� ���,�œł����ª�œ���Ø��ºœ�º�
ø�łØ�øłØ ,�º�ł�œ��łœ,�Øœ��ø�łØ ØÆ��Ø�ªØ�,�œ�Ø�ºØæ�����Ø
ƪ���Œ.ºØ�Ø�ø������Æ"�,���Æ�Øøæ�Æœł�.
246|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
FCKBRKFPNLIEZKGVZ[\BIZKPG\
�(�ÆØ��Ø���Œ�ªłØ.� ØÆØ��œØ���ŒÆ�ªłØ,��Ø���ø���ÆŒ,��غ��ØØ�œØØ.º���ØØ�œ,Æø�øº�æœØøł��
ø����œÆłºœ,º� ø��Ø ,�ªØ��Ø�øł���Æ� .�º�ºœÆ,Øø���ø�Ø œ����łı.
œ�ł
MNFJGCVZ[\IKK[ZF
łØŁ(��Ø�ØØ�ÆØŁ�����œ�œłœŒ.º��� øŁØ Æ�Ø�ª ,ø�Ø� ØªØ �Ø� �机�Ø �æ�Æœł�.ø�łØ�œł���º���ØØ ,º��Øłœ,º��ŁÆÆ� ���Æ� �Æ�.�ØØ ��Æ� ���,øØ��º�Ø�Ø ø��Ø Æ� ���,º�
øºœÆ,�œ�æ�łØ�ØŒ����.Ø�º��Ø�Ø �łºØ Æ� �Æ�,ÆøÆØ�ø� �ØØ ø��Ø ,� �ØØ ø�ø���,�ØØ Æ�Ø�Æœ,�ØØ ø� �ØØ ,�ØłœÆ� ���,�Øłœ�º�.
IKZG\PPNBLFPGG\VZ[\IKK[ZF
łº(�œł��Ø��Øłœ����Œ��œ,ø�Ø�غ��ø�Ł�Ø.
ƪ�Øø� �ª �Ø��œªÆ�Æı��ØØ ,ø���œł�,���Ø��ł �œ��º��� .����ø ø�Æ�œı��ØØ ,ø���œł�,�º��ı�ªœ,�ł �Øœ���� .�ø ��ºø�œ���Æ"��œł��Øøł��,ºœÆ,�łœ����œ.øÆØ�ł�,��œ�ł��łœ,����łœ.ºØ�ø���Øłœ����Œ��œ.�������
�Ł�Øøł��Æ��,���Æ�œı��ØØ ,ø���œł�,���Ø�ł�Ø ,øØ��ł��œ�� º�œ�Ø��.
��Æ"���ł,��Ø��łœØ���Ø �œ Æ�Ø�Ø�º�º .º��ł,Æ�Æ�œ�œł�,ºØ�ø�ØÆ�œ Æ��º ,ø�Ł�œ ,�º�º�ª œ�œ�.�º�º��Øøæ�Æœł�,�Ø�غ��ø�Ł�Ø�œ��ø�łø��øØŒ�� .
IKKOTNKGRKOVZ[\GK[NI
��(�øłØ� Øøł��,ø��Æ"�ł��Æ� ,�œ��� œłœ��œ,ºªØ��ºœÆ���ØØ� .ºØº��Øøæ�Æœł�,��Æ"��øŒ�Ø�ØØ �Ø�Ø ,�ÆØ���ØØ
�� �Æ�,øºœÆ,ºØ���ØØE�łŒØ�ØE.ºœÆ,ÆªÆł���œ�łØºØ�Ø ,ºØ�Ø��ØØ Æ� ���,�ØØ Æ� �Æ�.
247 | œ�ł�
C\GZFRCZBFTGNOVZ[\\ZGPF
œł��(ºø��Æ"�Æł��œ�� ,�机�Æœł�Æł��œ�� .Æœł��Æł��� ,º�øºœÆ,��Ø�������,��œ�ł����,������,ø�œł��Ø����œ�� ...
œł�Ł(ºœÆÆœł�,Æł�øØœÆł����Ø �œ�ø�Ø �œ��łı.�机�Æ�Ø���Æł��œ�ø�Ø .Æœł�ºœÆ,Ø��ł���Ø ,Ø�Ø�ł.�机�Æ�Ø����Æł��œ��ł.º�ƺ��Ø���Ø��øºœÆÆœł�,�机���Æ"�ø�ªÆł���.�º�ºœÆ,��Ø�������.ºØ����Æł�
º��� .œł�(ºØ�ø�Æł��� º�ªÆłªÆł
���Ø��œ�ØØ ªø��Æł���Æł���ª ,øØ�Ø�æ�Æœł�,ÆøÆØ���œ�ØØ �� .œ�,º��Øø�机�Æœł�æ�Æ�,ºÆغ�,����ØØ º��� .��Æ"��机�Æœł�Æł��œ�� ,�ª �机�Æœł���ØØ �� .����ø��ø���Ø ø�º��� ���œł�.�ø ��,�øłØ��ª �æ�Æœł�,ºØ����ØØ �œ�� .
FTGSYC\GZFPYKKOB\FTGNOVZ[\\GNEG\
�(º��Øøæ�Æœł�,����ØØ �� ��ØØ º�������øÆ� �œØ��ºł�Ø.�Ø��Œ�ØÆł�����Æ�ª ,ø��œ�Ø�º��ªÆłØØ�Æ� .
ºØº�ø����ª �œ�����ØÆłØ ,º� �ªØ �ªł�œ��ªł�œ,��œœ��œ�����,º������
��ª,º��� .º����ÆłØœøÆ� ,º�����ØÆłØ �ØÆłØ ,�ªØ �����.º�øłº��œœ���,Ø�Ø�����ª��ø.�º�,����ª ���� ,��ºª�Ø��œł�,ºØ�œł�º���Ø��ØÆłØ �ł�Ø ,�ªØ �����.º�øłØœœ��º� ,ØØø�����ª.
NKPGEN[O[PKOVZ[\NLNL
łÆ(łÆØ�Æ�º�øłÆ��ÆÆ�,�Ø��ºłØ�,�Øł��øł�Øł���łØºœØ�Ø Æ� �Æ�,Ø�ŒØæ�Æœł�.�Ø�œ�æ�Ø ��غ��� �æ�Æœł�.
ł�,�Øø��ª��Ø��Øø�,�Ø�Æøº�œ.Ø ��ªÆ���Ø,��ł�,��Øł�����ªœł�,ºªØøØ�Ø��ØøØłœ.��ł�łÆØ�Æ�,���ª�Øøœ�º��تØ�œł��øØłœ.�Ø�ØøÆæ�Æœł�.
ł�(�Ø�Ø ,��ł,łÆØ,������øł?��łłÆØ�Æ�,�ø�,ø�Ø�ø��ø
ø�Ø .�º�æ��ªł,��œØØøÆƪœ,���øœ�.ø�����ªø�Ø���ł,��œ�Øø,ºØ�ª �ª�Ø�Ø�.��ł��Ø,��ł�,øÆÆ�ØøÆ,��Ø�œ��ŒøØłœ.
łª(ÆØ�œØØ Æ��Øø��ª,Æتº�Ø��.��Ø��Ø�ØØ �ÆłØ��łÆÆØœ.��ł,łÆØ,��Øł����ºœÆœł�.��ØÆ��Ø���ºØœØ��ÆØ�Æœł�.��Ø�Æ�ø,�ØøØæ�Æœł�ÆøÆØ�Ø.ºØØø�ØøłłÆø��Ø��Ø�ÆØ,øa�œøØøÆ�ø���,�Ø��æªł�Øø�ø�øłºæœ���.
248|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
��Øł����ºœÆ��œ�Ø�ª�œł�,��Ø�œ�ƪ��øł.
ł�(��ł��œ�Øø���Ø��Øø�,æB�Æœł�,�Øø���ØØœ��Œøł.�œ����Øø�œ�ºæø���.�ł��ØłÆØ�Æ�,��Øł�º����Æ�ººØœ,œ�łœ�º�Ø��.ØøÆæ�Æœł�,�œ��Øø�Ø��œ��øł.
ł�(�Ø�Ø �º�æ���ªœ�œł�Æ�Ø.Ø ��ª�Ø�ØøÆƺ�.����œłÆ
øƺ�.��ł�,����œ�ƺ�?�øØÆ,����Ø��Ø�ÆøÆØ����øł�œ�ØØ
� �Æ�!�Ø�Øł�����ªªÆøÆØ���Øø,�����ºœÆœł�ƪ��Ø.��łłÆØ�Æ�,œ��ø�,øºÆłø��ø ø�Ø .
ł�(�ł���œ��Øø��ł�,���øłø�Œ,œ��œ�Øœ�Ø �ØØ ,��Ø�œ��Œ����ª�ØœłÆœł�,ƺ���ø����ªØ .���Øł��ºæø���.ºØ�Ø��ŒøºłŁÆØœłÆ� ,º�Øøæ�Æœł�.�Ø��łØºØ �œ�ł�ƪ�.º�øºœÆ,��Øł�º����Æ�ººØœ,œ�łœ�º�Ø��.
\GZF[BKRFTGNFNPTNFVZ[\GKIK
ł��(��Øœł���ª ƺ���,øØ��œ�œ�ø�ø.� ���ø�œł�º�...Æ� ����Æœł�ÆøÆØ�Æ�Ø�ª ,�ÆøÆØ�ºÆª��.ºØ���ºœÆ,œ�œ
�ø�ø.ºØœł���Ø��������.��Ø�� �ª Ø�Ø����ø�Ø ,ÆØ ø�æœ������ ,Øت���º�Ø��Øł�Ø ��ª.
ECZK\GZFXZKMKOMGGRFVZ[\RI
ł �(ºœÆ,�غ���ł�œ���ØŒØøł��.ºœÆ,�æ�kœø�Øøł��.ºØªÆłØœł��łØºØ º��,�łØºØ ��œœ��
Æ��Æł��º��ª.ł �(...ªÆłØœł��łØºØ œØ�����
œØ����Æ.
SGEG\TNKGRKO[P\DNKONZDTG[GCRTNPKOVZ[\\GNEG\
ª(Æœł�º�檜��Ø�Ø ��œ�Ø ,ø�Ø��غ�œ��øØ� .Æœł�º�ªÆłØ ��Ø�Ø ����Ø �Ø� ���Ø .º��ł,ø�łÆ���œøÆ� ,� ���Ø ���ØØ�Æ� ,œº����Ø .øÆ���Ø ºł�,
��łØ ���Ø .º���ł��Ø��œ�ت���Ø��ØØ�Ø Æ� .Æœł�� º��ªÆłØ ø����øÆ��œ��Ø�Ø ø��Ł�.º��ªÆłØ øÆ� ���º��ªÆłØ øÆ� �Æ�� Æœł�.�Ø��ØøØ机�ت�œ .
249 | œ�ł�
NTGZZB\FBFCFVZ[\P[VJKO
�Ł(��Æ�,Ø�œ�ł��Ø�œœ�ł,�朜łœÆ�غ��.Øø����Æ,øÆ�Ø�ª �Ø� ØªØ Æ,������朜ł.��Æ���,�œŒ���Æ�ø��Æ�œ�,Æłœ�تÆøłÆØœ�,�ø�Ø�Ø�º��ª.�Ø�,تœø��Æ��æÆÆœ�تøłÆØœ�.�Ø��œ�œ�œ��Ł�Æ�غ��,������Ø�����Æ�.�ت��łœ�œºæ�.º���ø�Ø ���Æ,��ł����机�,ł����Æ�ƪ,ø�Ø�Æ��ø��ºØ ��łØ�,تø�ø ���Æ�,ø�Ø���Æœ�œ,
�œ�����Øł���ª,�łł���Æ���Ø.ºŒ��ªÆłœł�,�Ø���œ������
���Æ�.تœ�œł�ø�º �Æ���,�æÆÆøłÆØœ�ƺ�Ø .��øœ�?�Ø�œ���Ø���Ø�œŒ��غ�,ł����ł��.�ت��ł������,�æœł�.º����ø ,��ت���机�.�����Æ�ƪ,�Ø�Æ��ø��ºØ ��łØ�.�º��œł��œ����œºæ���ºœÆ��Æ�����Æ�,�łł����Æ�.
F\GZFNBCBFNSVZSKVGZKOCV[JG\VZ[\CFTNG\L
��(�Ø��œ�ª ø��ł,ºØ�œł�Æ���æ�łæØ�łØ Æ�øŁœ,ªÆłØ�ªØŁø�ø�Æ�ºª��.ºØ� º�,��Ø�Æ��������غ�Ø �øœœł��ªÆłØ�ªØŁ,ªØœłØ�Ø �� .� �œł�Æ����ł�œªÆłØ�� ,��Ø�ø�ØŁØ�� ØøÆØ�Ø� ªÆłØ ��Ø Øœł.� º���Œ��łØ� �ø��� œł�,º�œ����.���øº�ªÆłØ�œł�� 檜�Ø�Ø .
�Ł(� ��Ø�� �œ�œ�,Æ�ø����ª�ø��.Øøł����Ł�º��ª���ºØ �Ø�Ø ����.���ºØ �Ø�Ø ,ºœÆÆ� ,ø����ºØł�œ.Æø�øØłªØ ��Ł�,�œ�ÆøØ Æ�Æøø�� ���.� ���Ø�œ�ÆøØ Æ�ÆøºØ�� ���,���Øغ�Ø ��ªÆ� ���,�� ��æÆ��œ .
� Æ���ºØ ºŒ,�œł�øÆł���œ����ºØ �œº����œ,� �œ�ØØ�Ø ÆøÆØ��,���œº��º��.ºØ�øØłª��� ���,� ���ØØœ��œ�ÆøœÆ����ÆøØ øÆ� ���,ø� �æØ�łØ
ªÆłØ�ªØŁ,���Ø�غ��� �æÆ�.æ(�º�æØ�ł���øÆœł���
�Æø�ø��œł�.�Øø�øÆø�œ��Æø��œł���ø,�Ø�ÆªÆł��ł,œØ��ł�,��Ø�Ø������� �Æ�.�ø ����łªª,��Ø�ØØ�ÆØŁ�����œ�œłœŒ.��ÆØŁÆ��ø�œ�œ��Æø�ø��œł�.
æ(Øø�Æø��ł���º�.���ŁØ�øØ ,ºøł�Ø �ª �ÆøØ��,ø�ł���� �ªłÆ�Æø,�Ø��机�Ø Øœł,ª�Ø �œ��Ø�Æø��ªł.�øÆØ �œ��Æøº����ª ,�øÆØ ����ª º��ø�œ.
æÆ(ºØ����Ø��œł�.Øø����,����œ�œł�,���ł�œ��Øœł�.������œ�ÆøÆ�ÆøØ ,ø� æØ�łØ ø�� ���.�ŁØ�øØ øÆ� ,�Ø� �机�Ø ���Æ�Æø���,ø��æØ�ł�œł�.�Ø� ØªØ Øœł,�Ø� �机�Ø Æ��øØøœ�œ�Æø���.��øØªØ Øœł,�Ø� �机�Ø Æ�Æø,���Æ��,
250|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
ø��œ�œ��Æø���.��º�Ø ,ƪØ���Œ��Ø�,�œ ø�ªÆ�łæØ�Ø,�Ø� �机�Ø ���Æ�ø��øÆœł�,ø��Ø�ł�º�,œł���ø.�œØª�Æ�,œØªØ ��机�Æ�ø��ø��ø��øÆœł�.
æ�(��ºŒ������,øØø�Æø,��,�ø��,�ø����ø��.�ø�Ø �Æ� � �Æø,º�æœØøł��,���ºœ,�Ø������Æ���ø��,ø�Ø�œ��łœØøł��,�Øł���Ø�.�º����ºœ�Ø�����ø��.ºØ�Øł���Ø��œ�ÆøÆ�º��ø��Æ��.��ø��,œ��łœØøł��,�œł���ø,�ø�œ�œł�,øÆ��机�Ø ��º�Ø .�ø��
��ø���Ø�œØ���ªØø�,øÆØ机��œØª�Æ�.�º������Æ��,øœØ���ªØø��œ�ÆøÆ�Øł���Ø�,�Øł���Ø��œ�ÆøÆ��ºœ,��ºœÆ��œÆØ")ÆłØ��,Ø�Øł�,øØ�(º��Æ� .
æª(�Ø����łøØ ,���łØ ø�œł��Ø��Øœł�æØ�łÆ�ƪ,� �机�Ø Æ�Æø��Øœł.�øłØ� ��ªØ�Ø ,��机�Ø Æœł�ºł�Ø.ØØ��Ø�ØøÆ���ƺª,ºŒ�œł��Ø��ØøÆœ���Æ�Æø���.�º��łØºØ ��机�Æ��øØøœ�œ��Æø.�º�º����æØ�łØ � �ÆøØ .
NPKRZBK\F\GZFZKYRK\VZ[\GKXB
ø�(�Ø�łøØ� ,ø�Ø� ØªØ �Ø� �机�Ø ÆªÆłØœł�.ºø� �机�Ø Æ�,����ø ø�Ø�Æ� œÆ��,ªÆłØœł�ª�Ø ÆØ�Ø� ,º�Ø��º��Ø�ªÆłØ łØ��ØØ �Ø�Æ� œ�œ.�º����ø ø� łØ��ØØ �ªœœÆ��,ºØº��ªÆłØ øÆœł�º� � ªÆłØ �Ø�Ø Ø�łØ .ƺ��Ø���Ø��ºœÆÆ�,Ø�ł��Ø����Ø�Ø .º����Ø ��Øøœ��.
ø�Æ(º��ŁØ�øØ �Ł�Ø��Æ,ºøł�Ø ªÆłØœł�,��ªØ�� ø�Ø� ØªØ ,���ªø��łØ ,ø�ªÆłØ �ø�œØ ,ªÆłØ ø�Ø�Æ� œ�œ.�Ø�� ,º�øłØªłø�� ��Æ"��º�Ø�œ�ø�
�œł�,ØØ�øÆ�ø�ł�Ø��łªÆłØÆ�.
ø��(ºœÆÆœł�,ºØ��ªÆłłØ���.� ��łØ�,�Œ�º ��łØ�.ºØ�œł�º�������º��Æ�Ø ŁÆœ,�ł��Øœ�Ø�łœ,�º�ŁÆøÆ� .
ø�ª(ø������Œ��ł,� �º�œ,�º�œ�C.ºØºøØœ�º ��ª Æœł�,�œ�œø�����ø��œł�,ºØÆœł��Ø�غ���æØ���Ø��œ��œ.���œ,�ƪŒœO�,ºØ��ØØ�łº� �ø ����øÆ�ø�œł�.��Ø��œø��ƪ��,�ø�łÆ�,���Æت�� ����� �Æ�.
ZVGBFNMNXZG\FTGNOVZ[\GKIK
øØ�(œØªØ Æ�Ø�� øØ��,��Ø�Ø��ØøØø�Ø��Ø� .Ø��øł�øØ� ƺ�ł�œ�� ,�����Ø������,��ØøÆ �Ø��ł�����łœ .�Æ�ł�����œ���œØ�� Æ� :Æ�� øØØ���
æ�Ø Æœł�,����ÆØ�Ø� æ�łœł�,ø�Ø�Æ�æ�,ºøØ�Ø��œ�,Øœłł��Ø�Ø �œ�œ�Ø .º�øº�,� ºœÆÆ�ø ��ªøºł�Ø��Øœ.
251 | œ�ł�
\GZF[CM\CG\GZF[CTNVFHGFZIE[,\GNEG\
Ø�(º���Æœ��Ø�Ø ø���Ø ����,�Æł� ,Ø���,Ø�Æ,�ø�,��ł�,Øæ�,ł��Ø º� Æœł�øƺœÆ,œłœ�Ø�.ºØ� øØø���œø��Øł���Ø�,���ł��Ø�,ø�غœÆ,œłœ�Ø�.�º�º� œł�øƺœÆ.ªª,
ø�������ı�� ,ø��œł�øÆ���,���ºœ,ł��ÆªÆłØ�Æ��,º��łÆºœÆØ .�ø ����ł�œ���ºœ�Æ��,�ø ø��Æ�œ�ł�œł�øƺœÆ,���ł�œ�ªØ�,Øæª,��ł�Øæ�,��ł�º�.
œ�ł-�Ø��ªÆ�Ø�
IGJ[NISEVZ[\PYW
��(Æ���ø��ª æ�Æœł�Æ�Ø��,�Łø��æª��øŒ�ØÆØ ,øºœÆ,Ø�
Ø���’�æªÆ�Ø��øØł���Ø.Ø� Ø���’�æª,�ø øÆ�Ø��øØł���Ø.
BFCFZCFCNKNFVZ[\BIZKPG\
łØ�(ł�ØÆ�łÆØ��ø�łj.ø�œªÆ�ÆŒÆ��Æ�łÆ�Æ�Ø��.ºØ��ª �łØŒ�� ƺ��Ø��,���Æœ��Æ"�,�æ�Æƪœ,ªøØœłł�Æ�ł,Ø�øŒ�Ø�Łø�
�æª.�øłØ���ø��ª ,ø��Æ�œ��Æ"�Æ��Æ��.���ªØ�Ø��œ,ø��ÆØ ºŒ�œ��Æ"�,�� �œ�ØØ ÆøÆØ� ,ø�ŁØ �º���łœ�øœø����ø��Ł�.
FYPKOPPKJ\ONTSGYC\GZFVZ[\GKYZB
ø Ł(Æł�Ø�ªººÆØÆ�łØłØº�Æ�Ø���Ø .ºø��Æ"�Æ���øœø ��ªØ�Ø Æ��ª�,º��ªÆłØ ,��ªł�œøÆ� �œ�œ�,a��ºœ,º���Ø�Ø �œ�œ�Ø �œłłØ º��ª.º���Ø��œ,��ªł�œ,øÆ��ª�,�œ�Ø ÆøÆ�Ø º��ª.º�øºœÆ,��Øł���ØØł����Ø�’,ºØÆ�.��Ø���œøÆ�łı,º� ªÆÆœøÆ����Ø.��Ø��œø��Æœ�º�ƺ��Øø��œł���,�ł��øÆ����Œ��ªø,�ł��Æ�Ø�ª øØøœª�
Æœł�,ÆøÆ��ª� Æƪœ.�øłØ��� ø��œ ���Ø ��ØŁœ �æ�Æœł�.
ø(ºøÆ��Æ�ł,��œ�Ø øƪł ,��æª,��œ�Ø ,øłØł���Ø��Ø �� .ł���ł�,�Øł���Ø�,�œłł,ł��Ø ����Ø .º����ººÆØ ���œ,�ªł�œ,����Ø œ�œ��ø�œø�Æ�ł���,ø��Øæª���Øł�æªØ ,º� �œ�Ø ÆøÆ�Æ��Øłœ���Œ��Ø�.��øºœÆ,Æł�Ø�ªººÆØÆ�łØłØº�Æ�Ø���Ø .
��ł�Ø º��Æ�Ø���Ø ,ø� ªØ�,
252|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
ø���Ø�Ø œł�ÆÆ�ł���,�����æª,�łØº��ªØ�Ø �ÆłØ Æ���ø��æª�œłłÆ� ?���ØłØº�Æ�Ø���Ø ,ø�øÆł
œ��ªØ�Ø ��øØ ,�øÆł�º�ø�� .ºØØłØ�Øłø,ø�øÆł,º�øºœÆ,ł��œł���łı.
P\RG\NCRKFFKMNVZ[\C[NI
��(�ØøÆœÆ��Ø ,�ÆłØ ��øØÆØ ���Œ,�ø�ØØ�Ø.�ØøÆœÆ��Ø ,º�æœØøł��,���ºœ.�øÆ�œ����Æ"�ÆøÆ��œł�,Æ�Ø��.�øłØ���ø��Øø�øœœ����øÆ�����Æ"�ÆøÆ��œł�.
��(ºøÆ��Æ�ł,Æ��º�æœØøł��,���ºœ,�øœøœÆ��Æ"�.���øØŁ��øłÆØŁ��æª.����Æ�ƪ,������º���ø�øœœ�Ø ��.�Øøæ�Æœł�Æ�Ø��,��Æ"��øŒ��Łø��æªÆØ .�º���ł�œ���ºœ�ØØ�œ�ø�ł,�ø ø�øÆ�œ���Æ"�Æ�Ø��ÆøÆ��œł�.
��(Æø�ø�łØŒ���Øł�Æ�ł,��øŒ�ø�ł��ł,�ø�łœ����.���œ�Æłœ�Øø�ÆÆ��,ø��ª�,�ø�łœ�’�Øø��æ�łœ Æ��,º��ł�"�)�Øł���Ø���Æ�(,�æ�ł�,Æ��Æ�غ�.
�Ł(��łºŒ,ºø�łØŒ�ø�ø�Æ�,��Ø����ØłÆ�����œ,��º��øłØ æœ�Ø ,��łØ �łØ ,º�ÆØ �Æ�Ø .ºø������Ø���œ�Ø����Œ�� ,��Łł�Øœ�,���ºœ,�œ�Ø�����ł.���Œ,�Øł���Ø�,Æ�ª���øł��غ�.��ł,�œ�Ø�Ø��œØłØØœØ.���øœø �ø�œ��ªØ�Ø .
�(�øłØ���ø����,ø�ØłÆ������ÆªÆłØœł�.�ø ��,º�Æ�Ø�غ���Łł�Øœ�,º� �łØºØ �� Æ�������øÆ��œ���Œ,º� �øÆ�Ø ���Ø,�øÆ������ ���,ø��ł�����,���ł�����Æ"�Øœł�º�.
�(ºø�æœ����Ø��Æ��Æ�ł,�ø�ł,�����Œ��Łł�Øœ�Ææª��ª�,Æ�Ø�.�œ����œ�œ�º�Æ�Ø��غ�.�øłØ���ø��Øø��Æ�æ�łÆ�Ø��غ�.
[K[KOR[KPG\VZ[\GKD[
�ª(ªª���Œ�Ø�� ºææø�œ�Łœ.� º�,�ØŒ�Ø�� Æ��œ�Ø��,�łØøØłø�øØøØ �øØ�œø�ø��œ�ææ�Ł��,���Ø���Øı��Ø�Æø�Øø�Ø��?
��(���Æø�øÆ��Ø��,�Ø�ØøÆ º��ª�ØÆØœª�ªØ�Ø ,æ�ÆªÆłØœł�.º��ł,ø����Œ�Øø�Æœ�Ø�œ��Ø��,���æ�Œ���œ�Ø��.��łºŒ�Ø�Øø��œø�œª��œ�Ø��,�
Æ��œ�Ø��,�œłłæ�ÆƪœłØÆ�ÆøØłœœøÆ�œ.
��(ºØªª���Œ�Ø�ØØ �� ���Ø��Ø ,ªª���Œ�Ø�ø�ł��º�Ø�Øø��ØŁ Ł �Øœ�,�ø øøØ������ª�øØøØ Æ�Øœ�.ªª,�ø ���,ø���Ø,��Øø����øØøØ �øØ�œ.ºØªøØøØ �øØ�œ�æł��œ,���Ø.�ø �����Ł ��ª Ł ��œ,ø�Ł�Ø��ªø�ł��Ł���.
253 | œ�ł�-�Ø��ªÆ�Ø��
��(��ø�Ø�ªª���Œø�ł�œ��,ø��ØŁ Ł ��œ,��Øø�Ł�Ø��ªø�ł����ł,�ø øøØøØ �øØ�œ�æł��œ,��,ø��ØØ ø����,ªøØøØ �øØ�œ��øØøØ �øØ�œ�Ø�œ,��ØØ œ�ØØ Æ� ,�º����Ł�����œ.
��(�º��Ø�ªª���Œ���øł�øØłø���Ø��ª��œ,ºªØøØœ�ØØ Æ�ØØ ��Øø�Ł�ØŁ ��œ.ºø������Ø��,�Ø�ªª�œ�ØØ Æ���,Æ�ªł�œ,ø���Ø�ØØ ,ºØ��Øı�ø�œ��łøØłœœøÆ�œ.ºØºø�œłł��œ�Ø��,ºœł��ªø,���Æ�,�œłł,�łØŒø��Ø����œªª�œ�øłÆ�� ��ł,Æ�� ��œ.
�Ł(�ø ºø������Ø���ªø���Ø���œłł,�ª �Øø�Æ�ØŁœ�Ø��œłł,ø�Ø���Øı�ø�œ��ø�Ø�ƺƪłØÆ�,�łØ���œ�øłÆ�œ,�œªÆ�
Æ�� ��ł,ÆæŁł���ł�.�º��Ø�� œ�تªª���ŒÆ��œ�Ø��,��ø�Ø�ƺƪłØÆ�,�Ø����Ø,��� Æø�œª�Ł Ł ��œ,�ø ���Ø�� ºææ,øØøØ �øØ�œ��Æø��œ,ø�Ø�æłØ ��œ.
øØ��,æœØ�œ�Ø�ØØ ,���Ø�,º��Øø��øºÆÆ�Ø�œ�Ø�ØØ Æ�تœ.øłø��øŒ�ø�ØŁœ��łœ��ø���,�º��,Æœø�Ø�Æ����œ ��Ø�Ø�,�æªØ ,ø�Ł ø�Ø���º��غ�����ØłÆ�Ø�æªØ ,���Ø��æœ�Ø .
�Ø�Ø���øØ����øºœ�����Ø.ºØ��Æ�øØ����øºœª�ØØœ�����Ø ��挪�ØłØ�øÆ,ø����ªœ����,���Ł�œ��ø����º�Ø�ÆØ�Ø�,ø��º��øÆø����º��œÆ�æªØ øÆØ�Ø�.����œ�Ø ���Ø�,��º��غ�����Øł.
F\GZF[NGPEKOCNKNFXIFKG\ZVZ[\GKYZB
ø�ª(�œł�,ø��ªØ �œ�Æ�Ø��,�Ø�Øœł�����œł�,ø��ªØ �œ�ÆØ ,�ø ø��œ�œł�øƺœÆ�Ø�Æœł�øÆ���,Æ��ºœ���ł�œ�Ø��.
œł�øÆ���,���ºœ,ø�ŁœÆ�Ø���œłłœØœł��øłÆØ .Æ���ø���ºœø�Łœ,���Ø����œøÆœł�.
CRKFBPGRF=FKGETKONKKIEF[OFYEG[VZ[\GKYZB
ł(ał�ºe�œ�’º�ƪØ�’.��øÆ����º���Æ�Ø�����.�Ø� Æ�Ø�����?� ���æ�Ø Æœł�ØªØ �ØØ�ª�ø ��ªøºł�Ø.�øÆ�ø���Æ�Ø�����,��ø�ªØ Æ��œ�Ø���æ�Æœł�,�œªÆ�Ø Æº�æœØøł��,���ºœ,�øÆ��œ��Æ"�ÆªÆłØœł�.
ł(Æø�ø��ª � Æ��œ�Ø���æ�Æœł�,ł����Øœ,��łœ�ø���,
�œłłœÆ��œ�Ø��,�ØØ��,���ºœ,�ªœ�øÆ�œ���Æ"�,�Øł���Ø�.Æø�ø�Ø��ªœ,º�����Ø º��łÆÆœ�ªØ ��Æ�Ø� ,º� �œ�Ø�Ø �øÆ��œ���Œ��ªø.
łÆ(�œø�º�� Æ��œ�Ø���æ�Æœł�,��Æ"���øØÆ�...º��œ����ø����,º�Æ�ØœøÆ�œ,����łØ ��ª� ,º� ø�ŁØ ÆøÆØ��œøÆ�œ
254|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
ø��œ �æ�Ø Æœł�,�ºłØ�Ø ��łØ ,���Æłº�œ�’º�ƪØ�’.�œ �æ�Ø Æœł�,Æłº�œ�’.�œ ,øa����Œ��ªø.�œ ,�ŁØł�œ���Œ.
ł�(�ØØ��,���ºœ,�œŁłœÆ�ª ���.������Ø���Œ,��łœ,ł��Æ�Ø��Æ�Æ�œØ��ØŒ,Æ�Ø��Æ��œłłœØ��ØŒ.
�Ø���øº��øÆ�ø�� �����Ø���Œ?��ªØ ÆÆØœ�’Æ�Ø�œ.��� ���ł�Ø ÆªØ�’,��� �ł�ØØ �ÆłŒ�œ���Œ,�Æłº�ø�� �Ø�Æłº�.º�øºœÆ,ø�تغ �ªøÆłº�œ�’.�œ ł�ØØ
ø���Œ��ªøØœÆłŒ�تغ ,�Æłº�ø�تغ �Ø�Æłº�.
œØ���
MNB[Z\PXBKELNT[G\CMGIL,Tzs+FVZ[\VRIS
��ª(º��øłœ���تŒ�øœÆº�Œ,ø��.º��Ø����ª ,ƪø��łª���øBł��ł�ø,��øœª��øœł���ª�.�ø ø�ł��ł��º��øł�
�Ø.���ºœÆ,Ø��ª���º��’,º��’����º��øł��ł�ø��ªØ�Ø º�����æ�Ø Æł���ª� ø���øºØ��.
CKRGRKVZ[\CB
łØ(�� Øł����ª ��º�Ø�º��� º�œ�ØÆ,øØ��Ø����ÆØ��Ø,�œº��� �ÆØ��ØØ .� ø����
��œ,�ºłØ�œ���œº��� º��º��ºœ.� ø�Æł���œ,�ºłØ�œ���œ�� º��º��Æ�.
\PKMFPFCGZBVZ[\GKXB
ø�(ªª���Œ�Ø��œªÆ���œ�تÆ��Æ"�,��ª���ªÆłØ ��łØ øÆ� ,�����œªÆ�ÆÆ��øł��.º�øºœÆ,ªÆ����øØ��łØE.ºØ�ø�Ø��œªÆ�
Æ��Æ"�,�Ø�œ�ŒÆ���Æ.��øºœÆ,ÆØz��º�Ø��Ø�E.�º���ø�,ºøÆ��ª ��œªÆ�Æ��Æ"�,��Æ"����Æ�Ø��Æ�œ.
F\TGZZG\FTNKGQVZ[\NLNL
ł�(�œłłœ��Ø��Ø��,����تØ�œłłœ�œ�œ�.
ºØ�œłłœ��Ø�,Æœø�œø��œ�œ�œ�Ø.
255 | œØ���
FCBNFKJFZVZ[\NLNL
łæ�(ºœÆ,��Ø�ªªØ�ØØœø�œ.ø�œ�Ø��,��Ø�ªªØ,��łºŒ,�ØØœø�œ.��Ø�ªªØ,�œ����� �œ�Ø��,Æ�œłłœø��Ł�.��łºŒ,�ØØœø�œ.
łæŁ(�øºØ���Ø������œ �łøØ .ºØ�ø�ª Æ��ØŁ�ł,��łÆ�œ������Æ"�,��øł��Ø�øºØ��.º�øºœÆ,��Ø�ªªØ,�œ�Ø��.��łºŒ,�ØØœø�œ.ºØºøÆ���ª �ØŁ�ł,�Ł�łØ �œ.
PK[P\YE[,PYE[KOBG\GVZ[\GKYZB
œº�(�øłØ� ��ªØ�Ø ,øØø�� ����Ø�Æ��Æ"�,a�����ªø,Æ�ªøœø����Œ,�ø ø� ��ªøØ �œ�� Æ�ªøœ�ª� .º��Øø�œ�ªø,��Æ"���ªø�œ,øºœÆ,�œ�ªøœ �ØØœ �ªøØ .�ª ��ªø�œ�����Ł�,
��ªøØ �œ�����.ºø�œ�ªø��ª Æ�ªøœ�ª�,��ÆØøØ �œ�ø���ªø�,ø�Ø�Øłøœ��Æ"�º�æœØøł��,ø��ø���Ø�œ�ª���"�)�Øł���Ø���Æ�(.��Øłø�º�.��� ���ł�Ø Æ�Ø ���Æ"�,º�øºœÆ,Æ�Ø �œ ��’���غ .
CRKK\FPYE[VZ[\RI
øº�(�ÆØœÆ�ØÆ�œ�Æ�ø����æ.�ÆØœÆ�ØÆ�œ,ø�ø�ø�Æ�����Ø,ºØø���º�����Ø ø�Øø ��Æ��œ?
øºª(���ºŒ��,º�øºœÆ����ø�œØø����ł�.� ����ø�,ø�Øłøø����Ø �Ø�ºØ ��øœÆ�ł�æ,� º���œØø�,ø�ø�ø�Ø��ø����Ø?���ª�Ø�º��ø�ÆÆØœ���ªø���Ø,Æ�œ�æ.ºØ�ø����Ø �œ�Ø��øœ,����º�
�Ø�ª��œ����Ø �øœ�,��ø���ØØªØ �øœ��ª ø�œ�Ø��œ�.
øº�(���Ł ?�ø øÆłºœ��Æ"��ØØœ�øł��تØ� .�º�ºœÆ,Æ�ØÆ�œ,ø���Æ�����Ø.ºØ���Ø�ª�œ����Ø ��Ø�ª,�ØŒ�œ�Ø�Ø �øœ,�łøØ��ø��œ�����º����ØØœ��æœ��œ�Ø�Ø� ��ø,�Ø�机�Ø ałøØ��øØ ,ªø�Æ��º��ÆØœ.
T[KK\FP[MQVZ[\VYGEK
Ł�(ø��ł��Æ"���ø�,ø��œ��øº�,�Ø��ª�ø�ÆœØ���,ø��ت���øœ.ªø�ł�����Æ"�ÆØ�,º�øºœÆ,ł���ø�ÆœÆ�Øœ ,�øł�œ��ł��Æ�ł.ÆœÆ�Øœ ,ø�ł����Æ"���ø��łœº�ªÆłÆ�œ���ł�ø����,
ł��Øœ,º���œ��œ���łœ�ł��Øœø�����ØØœ�ø��łœ�ƪ����ł��ª�Ø�Øœ��øØœÆ�łı.Æ��ت�ø�.
Ł�(�øł�œ��ł��Æ�ł.��ł��ø�Ø����Øł�,���ºœ,�ØØœ��ł���Æœº�º�����Ø ��łœ��øØ ��Ł�.
256|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
Ø�(ºœÆ,�øł�œ��ł��.�œ�,����ł��ø�Ø����Øł�,���ºœ,ø�ł���Æœº�º�����łœ.�Ø�ł���œ �ø�º�ªÆł�œØ��,º�Øøł��ÆœŒ��ł�ø��ººØœ,Æœº��ł��,��ł��º���łœ.º�øł�机�Æ���ø�,�Ø��œ�ø�Æ��.ºØø ,Æ��ºœ,�ªº�ªÆłÆ�łœ�ł��Øœ,���øº��ł��ØØœ��øØœ�łœ���ł��ª�Ø�ØœøÆ�
���Æ�øº�.����,øƺ�ªÆł�Ø�ł�œøœØ�łœ,�ł��Øœ�ª�Ø�Øœ.�º��œ�ø��ø�Æ��,ø���Ø�ت�Ø������œ�ø.��ł���Æ"�,�œ�ÆæØ��ØŒ��ØÆæØ��ØØ.ø�ø�Øœ�ø�æØ��Ø �ª�Ø�ØØ øƺ�ªÆł,��Æ"�œ�øæØ��Ø �ł��ØØ ø�º�ªÆł,��Øøł��ł��ł��Øœ��ł��ª�Ø�Øœ.���œØØøÆ�ø�ƺ��ƪ�ø���øº�.
PGNKLFIPGZKOVZ[\\ZGPF
œ���(łÆØØæØłÆØ�ØØ��Ø��ºØ ƪłŒ,�Ø�Æ���łØ ��ª���ł��łØ� .��łłÆØØæØ�łÆØ�ØØ�,Øø���æ���øœª�ÆªÆłØœł�,ºØ��Æ"���Œ���Ø�,�º��������øœ�œØ��Ø ,øØ�Ø���ƪłŒ���.���ł,ªłº�ª�ł ı�œ���łØ ,øØ��ł��ºœ.
œ���(�œ�łÆØ�ØØ���ł,œ�øœ��’��łeœłœŒ.ºØƺ����ø�œł��œ�ØØ�œÆ� Æ�Ø�ª æ�Ø Æ�,ºÆغ�,��Æ"�ø��Æ�øØتØ,ø��Æ��œº� ,ø�Ø �łı�ªØ Æ�Ø� .��ª���ø��Æ"����Ø�º�����Ø�ø�,��ł�� ,ł�� ��ªøøØø�ØÆ�łı,ø�œł��œŁłœÆøÆØ� ,ł��øØتØØ,ø�œ ��łœ �Ø,����øºØœ�ºł�.� ,ºøł�Ø ø��œ�ª� Æ�,�ت�œ�Ø ��łØ ,�غ�ŒºØøł���Ø��ªÆ�łı.
œ���(Æø�øØøł���œÆŁ�Ø �œł�,ºÆغ�,œøº�,øºœÆ,�ełØ��ª�Ez�øØ.��ºœÆ,º��Æ��ø�Ø �ªØ .�º�œ�øœ��’.ø����ªØ�Ø ø�ø�ł,Øø�� ���ł�œ�ØØ ,�øœ�øØ ŁÆØ ,ºªØø��Æ"�Øœ���Æ�ªØ�Ø ,Æ���œ�ªªØ ø�,�ø ø��ł
œłœŒ,�Ø�Æ�Ø�� æ�Ø Æ�ºł�Ø.œ��Ł(��ØŒ���łØ ,ø�Ø����ł
��łØ� ,��ł�� ,ÆÆ�ø��º ,ø�����œ��Øł���ªœ.��łłÆØØæØ,ª�Ø,�ªłŒ�œœ�����Ø�,ø��ø��œŒ.��ł,��ł���,� �Ø�ºœÆ,Øø�øœ��ø�,�ØØœØ��łºŒ.��œ?ª,ºœÆ,�øœ��’,���Ø�’�Ø��łØŒ�ºœÆ.���øœ��’?��łłÆØØæØ,ƺ�����Ø �ªłŒ�œœ�����Ø�.��ª,ø�ØØ�ø�ØØ ,œ���ø�ø�,ø�øºØ���º�����.��ª,ø�øÆœØ,ø�Ø��œ����º�Ø��ØÆø,�œ�ł��º�Øœ.��ªøØ��ø��œ.ºØ�ø�œ��œ�ªÆł,��ł.
œ��(�œ���ł.œ�øœ��’,ºØØøœØøœ,œ���Æœ�ø��.œ����,�����,���ºœ,ø��ł�œœ.����ł�œł��.����ø��ØÆ��ª ���Æ�œ�’œ�ت,º�øºœÆ,��Æœ�œ�’���ØŒ.���,œ���Æ,ø��Ø�œ,ø��ª ��ØÆ���Æ.
œ��(Øøœ��łœ,ø�Ø����Ø ��łØ ,ø��ª ��ØÆ�ø���œ,��Ø�øŒ�Æ��łØ.�º�œ�ø��.�ø ��ºœÆ,cał����ł���ØŒ,��ØÆ�ƺ�œ����ªø.
257 | œØ���
œ��Æ(Æ���øØøł��æ�Ø Æœł�Æ��œ�œł�,œ���,�������ªø�,���ºœ,�œœ��œÆœØ��Ø�,�œ�øŁœÆø��œºł�Ø.Æ���øØøł���Ø� æ�Ø Æœł�,ºÆغ�,œ����Ø��ÆœØ��Ø�,�Ø������œÆø��œ,��Æ�ł.��,œ�øœ��’.
œ���(��œ�øœ��’?º�øºœÆ,�øłÆł����Ø �øœ.�øł���øœ,��ø�ø�ł��Ø ø�øªØ ø���ø,�ø ø�œ�ªø�Ø ,�ø�ł�øœ,��Øœ ł�œÆ�Ø��Ø .��º��
œ�øœ,�œ�ø�ł�Æ�ØœØ��Æ�Øø��œ.�ø ø��łœłœŒ,ø�œÆŁ�Øøł����Ł��ªÆłØœł�.ºØœ�������œºŒ,�ø�œ�Øœ�øØłªœ,ÆøÆØ�Øøł��.ø� æ�Ø Æœł��œ�Øœ.� �œÆŁ�Ø �œł�,Øłªœ.
œ��ª(��łłÆØØæØ,ª�Ø����غƪŒ���ł��łØ�.�øłØ�ªłŒ���,ø�ºØ��ø���.�øłØ�ªłøłÆØø��øł�Æœº,ø��Ø�ÆØ���łØ ����ø ��º��.ØłªłÆØØæØłÆØ�ØØ����łØ� ,��ºø�øœ ƪłŒ.
NVKPF[P[TZCNCGVZ[\GKZB
���(�ªÆøłØ Æ��,����Æ"�,ø�ª�ø���Ø��øº���ª�øłÆ�ƺ�Øøغ���øØ�Æł���º��,��Ø��ø�øłÆ�ƺ��ªÆ�Æ.�ø ��ºœÆ,�ªÆøłØ ,Æ���øØłØ øº���ª�øłÆ�Æ.�Æ�øØ�Ø��ªºł�Ø,
�Ø��Øøغ���øØ��ªœ�œ.��ª(�ªÆøłØ Æ��.��øłØ ?
º�øºœÆ,ø�øłØ ł�øغ .�º����øłØ ø� �ªł�œ�Ø�œ,ƺ� �ª��Æ"�,� ���Ø���øłØ ���Øغ�Ø ��øØ�Æ.
F\KYGQFGBZYCTGNOFHFVZ[\YGZI
�(��Ø��ł�ª ,Æø�ø�Æ���� ���,���Æ�ø�����Œł��Ø ,�øÆ���Ø.������ºœÆ,ºØ�Ø��ø��øÆ�ªœ�º��,��łøØæœ����ª ��
�� ���.���� �ª ł��ø���Œ��ªøØ�Øł��� ���,ØØœ������� �Æ�,Øæ�Æ� ���,�º���øØÆØ�Ø�,º��øØØ�Ø�ø ��Æ"�.
ZP"IBKCZKFR[PFVZ[\[GVJKO
�(�øłØ�Øø���Æı��ØØ ,�Øł���Ø�,Æ��,Æ�ØÆłØ ø�,ø���ł,º��������ł���,Æł�"���œø�,ø� º��ªł�"��ØÆłØ ,�ł����º��ØÆł.
Ł(ºøø�Ø� ,ı��ØØ �ł���,�Øł���Ø���ºœ,���Ø Æ�œ��ª ,Øœ�ØØ
�ºœÆ,Øł������æ��ÆłÆ�ø,�æ���Ø���k�.º��ł,��ª .æ�����øº�����Ø ø�,����Ø Æ����ª ,ø� ��Ø ,Ø�Ø�øł�Ø ,���Ø ø��æ��,��Øłœø���Ø ø��Ø� �øł�Ø .���ł����Æ"���ø�.
258|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
[S"FDKEKFR[PFVZ[\VYGEK
��(...�Æ�łœØ���Øæªø����ºœ,ø�ø��تØ�ø�œ�Øł���Ø�.��ł,œ�œ�ø�œ��Ø�łœ,Øøøæ"��ØªØ ,�Æ�Ø ø�łØ �ª�Ø ,�º��Ø ��Æ��,�ø����ª.�ØªØ ���ł��ÆØ"�łøœœ,º�łøœ��ł�œ�ØªØ .�ł���Æ�ØłªœÆæ��œ� ,ÆØæªøÆ��ºœ,
���ł�œ� .œ�œ��Æ’łøœœ�ªœÆ�ł��Æł��,Æ’łøœœ��łœÆ�ł����øœ.
�ØªØ � ��łœ�º��øÆø���ªÆØ��,ø��øº����ºœ.��ł�Ø �ØªØ ,�ø ø� �ÆØ��.ºØº�"Æ)ºœł�º��ÆØ��(��ł�Ø �����œ�ØªØ .
[TKZNTHBHNVZ[\BPGZ
ł��(�œ���ł��ø�Ø�øØłØ �ł�œ.��ºÆªÆøÆØ������,ºØ�ł�Øœ ,�øłÆªØ�Ø��ł�œø�Æø� �ª�?ºØ�ªłŒ�� ,øƪ��Æ���ø�ª�Ø�œ�.�Æ��ø øæ����º�ÆØ
����łºØ�œ�Øøł��,ºªØø��Ø�Ø���œ����,�œ�Ø ����Æ��.
ł��(����Æ�ƪ,���ƺ����ø���Łł��º��Øœ���łøœ,�łØºØ �øØ ���ØÆ��øØœæ�,Ø�Æ�œØøł��.
\GMIFPBFCFVZ[\\HZKT
Æ(ŁÆ�œº�œ�������Æ��æœłœ.�Øłø,ŁÆ�œº�œ����,� �œº���Ø����Æ�,�Ø��æœłœ�Æ�Ø�ª .ºØ���,�Øø�ºØ��œ�ÆłÆ��Æ�,�łØŒ��æœØłªÆłØ�Æ�Ø�ª ,ø�Æł��ØœÆØØø�� .� ªÆłØ� Æ��Ø���ØÆ�Ø�ª ,�Ø�� Æ��Æ�.
�(ºŒ��Æ"�,ºø���ºØ��œ��ª ,�ºØ�Æ��Æ�ƺ�.œ�Ø���º��œÆ���Æ��Ø .� ��łÆ,ŁÆ.� ��,�º��œœ�œ��ÆøØ.����ł�Ø ØØæłØ ø���Æ�.� ��łÆ,ŁÆ.� ��,�º��œÆ��Ø,Æ��Ø���غ�,ºªØøØ机�Æت,ø���Ł�,�Ø���Æø��ª�.
[RF=PIHGZ\KYGQVZ[\BPGZ
���(ºø�œłłø�ł���,ºøÆ�Ø�ª øÆØ ��œØ� ,�łØºØ ��øŒÆ��ø�ł���Ł�,�����������.���œłłø�ł��ł�Ø�,ÆØ��,�œłłØ �ł��Ø ,�ªØ��æœ��...
ƺ�ł�ø�ø����ł�� ��ª�œ,º�ø�Ø�ÆØ ª’ø��ø�Æł�øØœ,ø���œ�Ł����ºœ.ºØ���ºœ��ł�œø��,
Ø"Æ�ªøØ�ø��� æªłØ�œØ��ø���œ�Ø�œ�ª��ł�œØ��.� �ø����ø������ł�œØ���,�Ø��Øœ�����œ���Æø�����łœ,���łØºØ øÆ��œ�Ø��ł�øØœ�Øœ�,º�ø�ØØœ�ÆØ ª’ø��ø�Æł�øØœ.º�ƺ�ø��ø��ª��ł�œØ��.
259 | œØ���
œ�Ø�
\VKNFNTRKVZ[\K\ZG
œØª(œ�Ø����غØØŁ����Ø�’Øø�Œø�Ø�.º��œ�Ø�œø�Øøł��� œ�Ø��.œ�Ø�œ��Ø�Ø���º� ,�ø ø���ªºØæ��ºÆªø����Œ�œŁł�Æł�ø.��Æ"��øœÆ�Æœ�Ø�����,ƪ�Ø,�º�œ�Ø��ø��Ø��ł�œ�Ø��.
œŁ�(ºØØŁ�.ØŁ����Ø�ØŁ�ø�ºæœ,ø�łØ�Ø��ºæœ.���ºœÆº��,ºØØŁ�,ºœÆø ,�Ł�Ø ÆłÆ.��º��,ºØØŁ�,��ÆłÆ.���Ø�’Øø�ŒøØ�,øØ�����Ø�ª�.��������Ø
��Æ"�,�ø ø�� �œ�ØØ Æ,Æø�ø��������ØØ�Ø� ��łØ Æ� .�Ø��Øø�Ø���Ø���Ø��ª�,�ø ø��Ø�łÆ�����ŒØœł�º� .øºœÆ,�Ø�ºØØ����ØØø�œØ,ºØ�����Ø.
œŁ�(�ø�łÆ�Ø�� ,��Ø øø���Ø ø�Ø�ø�.�ø ø�øº�ø���Æ"���Æ��º�Ø �øÆłØ .øºœÆ,��œck�ø��ł�.ºœÆ,�łÆ�’��øÆłØ�Æ.�Æ�øÆł�ªk�,���Ø ��œÆ��.
[TZKEPTG\VZ[\VYGEK
œŁ(�����tœ���غ�,Øø�œ���łø��Æ"���ł�œ�ªØ�Ø ª����œ���,ø��Æ�ł��łe�ø�¨łØ .��œ�ø�ø��Ø ÆØ ,ø��ØłØ Æ�’�Ø ,�Ø��æ�ł,�ª�œ����Æ�ØœøÆ�,øø�ºª�œÆœ�Ø�œ ���Ø�ª� .º��øłØ ��œ�Ø �æ�łØ ,ªø�º�æØ Æłøœ,�ı�øłØ ��,���ł�Ø øłØª�œ,ø�œ�Ø �Ø� �łØºØ łøœ.ºØ�œ���’,�tœ��Ł�œłÆı,ø ����œ���ºœª�����,łÆÆ�.�Æ�Ø����Ø���Ø�œøÆ�,��Øœ��تœ�ªØ�.�Æ���Æ"���ł��������œ�Æ’,�æª��œ��,��ºœ
���œ�œÆÆØ��.�ø �Ø�œøÆ�.œ�(ºøœ�Ø���øƪ�œ������
Æ���øłØ ,��ª��������,���Œ����ºœ,���ł����,��ª�øø��œ�Øœ�ª�œ,ø�Øł��Ø��.���œ�Ø��øƪ�œ,�œ�Ø���º�æœ�œ�øłœ����,�ª�œ�ø�łº��.łø�Ø Æ�œ�,ø��Æ"���ł�œ.�œ�Ø��ƪ�œ����"��œØ�����œ��,���œ���ºœ�ÆØ��.�º��œ�Ø���œ�Æ�œ,�ª�œ�ø�ł�łœØ ���œ�,��ł�Ø ø �Øœ����ºœÆÆØ��.
ª�����ø����ª�,�ø ø�ª��łÆ���ºœÆÆØ��.
\VKN\ZCKOVZ[\GKIK
œ�ت(º�œ�Ø�œ�� ,œ�Ø�œłÆØ ,��œ�Ø�œ.�Æ�œ�Ø�œØ�ت,�Ø���º�æœ���Ø���Œ��ªø,���ƺ����.
ºØ�Łł ø�œ�Ø���º�æœ��œŁłÆ����,�ø�Ø�Æ���Æ"�,�机�Æ�,�机�Æ�œØÆ�ºœø��œ�ª ,
260|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
��ø�Ø�ø�º�Æœ�Ø�œłÆØ ,øº�����œ�Ø�œø�Ø� ����ªØ�Ø ,�º�机�����Ø��Æ"�,�Ø��ø�Ø�Æ�œØ� .
œ�Ł�(�����œ�Ø�œ�ł�ł.ø���Œ�œ�Ø���机�Æ��º��ª,�机�Æ�Ø��ł���ø��œ�Ø��,�Ø����ª ø�œ���œ�Ø����,��� �øØ.��غŒ�łØŒ��ª ,øØœ���œ�Ø�œÆ�ØÆł,�ø ø��Æ���œœ�Ø�œ ,����Øø�Ø� º� ƺ��ł����Æ.º�øºœÆ,�����œ�Ø�œ�łł,øł��œ�Ø�œØ�ت�����机�Æ�,�Æ��œœ�Ø�œłÆØ ,��Æ��
�œœ�Ø�œ ,����Øø�Ø� ł�ØØ .œ�Ł�(�����œ�Ø�œ�łł.ø��Æ�
œ�Ø�œ,���ø��Ø�تø�º��ÆłÆØ .�º�œ�Ø�œºœ�Ø�œłÆØ .�Ø��Ø�تø�º��ÆłÆØ ?Ø�Æ,øº��ÆÆ’�ªªØ ,Ø�Ø�ø���,�Æł� Ø���,�ł���Æ�Ø,�œ���œ�Ø�œ�Ø� .�Ø�Ø��œ�Ø��,��œ�Æ�œÆø��œ����?�Ø��œ�Ø��,ø��غ�Æ�ØØøł��Æ��œ.øº�œ�Ø��,ø�Ø�ƪ�øºØ��,�Ø��œ�Æ�œÆø��œ.ºøØøł��Æ��œ,øºØ���� ,�º���øÆ�œ�Ø��º�ƪ�øºØ��,�œ�Æ�œÆø��œ.
C\GLTPKBRGMKKG[C\VZ[\GKXB
łª(ƺ��� ø�ª �œ���œ�Ø�œ,غ���œ��ÆØ��łÆØ ÆœŒº���łÆØ .º�øºœÆÆø��Øœ,ºø��ł����Øø,�Øø��ªał�Œ�����Œ���øł��Æ�?�Øø�ªÆł�Œ�����Œ,ºØ�œØ �Ø�Ø ŁÆø�ł�ø�ø��,�œØ ø��ºœ�ł�Øø�Ł�ª��œ�� .��Æ"���ł�Æ�œ�����Œ��ø�Ł.
�ø ����ł��,�Øø�ªÆł�Œ�����Œ,ø�ł��œ��Æ"�Æø ��Œ.
ł�(œ��ł,ÆœŒ�Ø��ºØØøÆœ.ø��ł�,�Ø�Øł����Øœ��Ø�œ����,�����º�Øæ�œł�øØÆØ��łÆØ ,�����œ���º��.º��łØŒ��ª ��غ��ƺ���łÆØ ,����œØØ�ªÆ��Ø��,ºªØø��ØÆØŁ�Ø���Łł�Ø ,���ºØł�œ�Ł�Ø.
MPG\GBKMG\VZ[\\ZGPF
œł�ª(Æ���ø��Æ"�Æ��ÆØœ�º�æœ,º�� Æ�Ø Ø�ª,�œ���Ø �ªØ �øÆ�Ø ���Æ"�,���ªłœ��Œ��,ø����Æ"�,ø�œœ��ÆØ�ØœØ����œ����,��Æ��Ø��.
œł��(ºø��Æ"���ªØ �ÆØœ�º�æœ,� ��Æ���œ����øÆ����Æ"�,��º����ø��ø����,º�������Ø ���œ��Ø�Ø ,º� �øÆł����œ�œ���ø�� ,ø�œ��Ø ÆœØ��Ø��Œ,��Æ"�.
œł��(�Ł ,ø� �øÆłØ ��œ�œ
ø�� ,�ø øÆø�øØøł����Ł��æªłØ œ�Ø�œØ� Æ�øœØ� ,�øÆ�Ø ���Œ��Ø�,º������œ��Ø�Ø �æªłØ øÆ�Ø �œœ��Ø ÆœØ����ªø.�ø ø���œ��Ø�Ø º� � �ÆłØ Øøł����Ł�,�øÆ��œ��Æ"�ÆØ�ª,ºªØ
ø�œ�œ��Æ"�œ�Ø�������Ł�ÆØ�ª.œł��(ºø����ºØ ��ª��Ø ��Øœ
�ÆłØ Øøł��,�øÆ�ÆØ�ª���Æ"�,Øøł����Ł��Ø� Æ�Ø �æªłœ�Ø�œØ� Æ�øœØ� ,�øÆ���ª� ,º�����œ
261 | œ�Ø��
��ªøØ øÆ��ø����Ø���øÆłØ �œØ��Ø� .ºØ�Ø� �œ�Ø Æ�œ�œ,ø�Ø� غ�Ø �øÆ���ª� ,�ø øøÆ�Ø ø���Æ"��łØºØ ��ØœÆØ�ª������Ł�,�Ø�Ø œ�œ�Ø Æø���œ.�º����ł,���zœł�B�,�����zœ��Œ.ºØ
��ł�����œ����ºØ �����Œ��.œł��(��Ø�ø���łÆ�Æ��ÆØœ
�º�æœ���øł�,Æ���øł���ª��Ø ���œ��Ø�Ø ,��Øœ�� �ÆłØ �øÆ����Æ"�.�ø øº�œØ��Ø��Œ� Æøł�,�º�ªØÆøł�� �Ø� Øœł.
262|"��ł���"��łØ��Æ�łØ�
"��ł��"-œ�º�� ØØ Ø���łŁ�Æł. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169
F\TGZZG\G\[GYF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169
GKKYIBCZOB\[ZK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169
BCZFOG[ZFPJFZKOB\CRKFTGNO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169
CBZ[CT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170
DNDGNG[NBEOFZB[GQ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170
P\RG\NCRKFVKND[KO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170
SVZKFIMPF[NCRKYEO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170
BNF\GNEG\F[PKOGFBZWaF]CZBO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171
SVZFKXKZF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171
BCZFO,[ZF,KXIYGZCYF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171
�Æ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172
K[YRKPR[KYG\VKFG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172
ZBFIKKOTOBK[FB[ZBFC\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173
FKMNFBFCF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173
BFCFFKBMNNF\GZF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173
THFMPGG\BFCF,Y[FM[BGNYRBF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174
�Æœ�ÆłØ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175
PPNIPFNBFC\BIGGF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175
BFC\ICZKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175
[C\BIKODOKIE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176
DKNGKSGEG\F\GZF=NICZKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176
N@EeZCPYGO[NBR[KPT[F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176
NFKVZEPZ[TKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176
FYGEIIGZCSVKRF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176
ICZKO[TGSYKOC\GZFPGDRKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177
��ł. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177
FGNLG@BfZTERMfQFKGO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177
RV[,ZGI,R[PF)RZ"Q(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177
BGZFDRGHGBGZ[CGP\YKKOFTGNO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178
BKQSGU=NBK[SGU. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178
��œØ�œ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178
CZKB\FTGNOCBG\KG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178
FBG\C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179
IPK[FPGXBG\FVF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179
BG\KG\=HMZKOGRYCG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179
�ÆłØ� øØ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180
MKRZPXGGFG\GZFBGZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180
B]t@F=B[F’. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180
TKYZFCK\FGBB[\G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180
PIRFK[ZBN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181
NFJFIZCFP\FVM\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181
ECGZFGIRF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181
FKMNKR][PG\FRYCG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181
CZMFNR[KO=EZLFDCZKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182
PK[NBR[BBK[FFGBVDGO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183
BEOMNGNPHMZGRGYCBKIE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184
R[PF[NHMZGR[PF[NRYCF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184
NHMG\NCRKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184
���œ�����. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185
TNP[MCKCNKNG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185
DNG\F[MKRF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185
BZCTDNGKG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186
CZIEGEKGEPFNLNXCK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187
GR\\KP[MRKC\GMMO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187
P[LFDNG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187
aT]v@dBIK[RF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188
P[NFPNLGFPNMF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188
MPKE\FMKSGKMQPKE\FDKNGK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189
FIG[L[NVRKFDBGNF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189
CK\NIO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190
CTHZ\FHGFZRXBPFDNG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190
ŁÆ�. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190
MEGZFBZWTDGN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190
[KRGKKFBGGKZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191
FBZWZGT[\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191
M[CRKBEOP[IK\KOEZMO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191
EGZFPCGN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191
FMGMCKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192
VGNIQF[P[. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192
TKRKG[NFBEO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192
BEO=TGNOYJQ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193
����. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193
FYC"FPHGGDHKGGDKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193
F[\GYYG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194
BIE=HKGGDF[NO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195
YRBF,\[GYF,BFCF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195
ZIX\KB\ZDNKK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195
M\VGICTXKFKTZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196
Ł�Æ�ł�. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196
BKQJGCBNBP\GLFZT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196
BKQECZ[BKQNGXGZL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196
IEGG\FNKPGE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .197
GFRFJGCPBGE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .197
FMNRXZLCTGNO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .197
Ø��œ�øØ�. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .198
CRKK[PTBN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .198
CKB\FP[KI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .198
PNLFP[KI=FRGYCB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199
BG\G\FP[KI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200
SGEG\F\GZFP\DNKOCKPG\FP[KI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203
F\DNG\FIMPFNMNFTPKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203
Ø�Ø�œ��łØ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203
M[G[RFCKQFIGIKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203
V\IKNKBIG\KZTKK\K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204
IPWGPXF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204
YZKT\KOSGUGFBKKNF[XZKMFNNE\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205
PXGGFNSVZCKXKB\PXZKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205
FDBGNFFT\KEF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206
Ø�łł��Ø�łŁ�Æ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206
C\IKNFFKXZFZTFGBMBGZI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206
BKLKXZFZTPV\FB\FBEO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206
F\PGEEG\TOKXZFZT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207
[RKPNBMKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207
CMNNCCL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207
FZDCGFBGIGJF[TZF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208
ZMKCFTNFIPGZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208
Øł�. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209
KZBF=FPXGGFFZB[GRF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209
F’BGZKGK[TK,PPKBKZB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210
Øł�ø�Ø. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210
BKQ\GZF=BKQKZG[NKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210
[PIGB\KZG[NKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211
IGPG\G[TZKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211
XKGQ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211
KZG[NKO=[NPTNFG[NPJF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211
Øøł�����Ø. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212
FCGZBFXKTB\F\GZFNMGNO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212
RT[FGR[PT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213
EGEKNKGBRKNG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214
FPYJZDKOIGHZKONBFGCB\K[ZBN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214
PT[KK[ZBNYGCTKOFMN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214
CDNG\,K[ZBNRKHGRKOP[]KZ#KKO[NFBGPG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215
M[K[ZBNRGVNKO,FODZGTKOKG\ZPMGNO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215
[FG\K[ZBNCYZCTOBIZPIHY\BG\G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215
SKC\XTZO[NK[ZBN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .216
IG[L[CJG,[GRBCRG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217
P[NFPJZGRK\BGFVKND[KO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217
BN\KZBK\GNT\KTYC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217
�Łłœ�ØØ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218
NFZFZCNCG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218
Y[KG\FNC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218
TKRKKONZBG\GNCNF[DKI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218
IMPFTNKGRF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219
VYKI\TKRKKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219
FIMPF[FBEOXZKLNET\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219
KGRF[KZENSVKRF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .220
BOKS\ZBK[CPS\ZKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .220
BEOGCFPF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .220
NVEG\VJZIPGZ=NVEG\RV[G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221
ø��œ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221
R[P\BEOFZB[GQ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221
FKF,FGGFGKFKF=CC\BI\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221
FR[PFMNGNFPFCGZBGPF[MKRF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222
BI\FKBKGR\K\P\K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222
R[PFGBFCF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223
CRKBEOGPNBMKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223
��Ø�œ�ØłØª�œÆªłŒ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224
MK\ZGQFBGZP\GLFIG[L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224
[PTGQPQF[GY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225
KGONKGOKCKTBGPZ,GNKNFNNKNFKI#e&FET\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225
GKFKTZCGKFKCGYZ,KGOBIE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226
� ØØ��øØłØ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227
XEYFNTRK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227
FVZ[\\ZGPF,PT[ZGINF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227
�łÆłÆ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228
FTZCZCPTMCKOB\K[ZBNCDNG\KG\ZPFBGPG\. . . . . . . . . . .228
F\ZIYG\PVRKPKG\F\GZF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228
CFPFGBEO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .229
IPK[FPKRKOCTZCZC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .229
TCGEFHZF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231
�ªØ�Ø�łø�Ø. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232
FXEKYIKKCNYRG\B\FZ[T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232
XEKYGZTNG,Z[TGJGCNG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232
PING\KFO[NXEKYKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233
BFGCG[NFPNL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233
������Ø. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234
PT[FPZMCF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234
BGZ[RDNFP\GLFIG[L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234
NIOGKKQ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234
I[KCG\G[NFPNI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .235
DNKFKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .235
PKOZCKONBKGMNGNMCG\B\FBFCF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236
\VKNFFRMNN\CD’YGGKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236
EGEGC\[CT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236
BK[FMK\HZKTGKNEFHMZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237
YGNDNDNFP\DNDN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237
BKKN\F[IZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238
łÆØø����ÆłØ���Ø)łøÆ"Ø(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240
FK[KCFCPTZF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240
CTNFRZG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240
SVZFHGFZ=\KC\RI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240
FYC"FDGHZGXEKYPCJN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241
V\KI\FB]EZBHGJB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242
FS\NYG\Z’[PTGQCQKGIBK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242
ł���. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243
FZXGQPDNFSGEG\TNKGRKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243
FPG[NKOTNZXGQNCO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243
TNPDENCCNGTNZXGQP[G\U. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243
ø��. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244
EZMKFEZMKRGTOGMNR\KCG\KF[NGO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244
FIGNYTNF[NGO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244
BOFOC[NGO,BKQFEKQ[GNJTNKFO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244
YZC\FXEKYKOPZCF[NGOCTGNO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245
FFGNLCEZLFBP\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245
ø��. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246
TCEGB\F’C[PIF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246
[PIFTNKGRF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246
PYGO[NO,PYGO[PIF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246
SKC\F[N[PI\FNC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246
[MZG[NFP[PIB\FCGZB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246
FCKBRKFPNLIEZKG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247
œ�ł. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247
MNFJGC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247
IKZG\PPNBLFPGG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247
IKKOTNKGRKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247
C\GZFRCZBFTGNO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248
FTGSYC\GZFPYKKOB\FTGNO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248
NKPGEN[O[PKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248
\GZF[BKRFTGNFNPTNF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .249
ECZK\GZFXZKMKOMGGRF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .249
SGEG\TNKGRKO[P\DNKONZDTG[GCRTNPKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .249
NTGZZB\FBFCF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .250
F\GZFNBCBFNSVZSKVGZKOCV[JG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .250
NPKRZBK\F\GZFZKYRK\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251
ZVGBFNMNXZG\FTGNO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251
\GZF[CM\CG\GZF[CTNVF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252
œ�ł-�Ø��ªÆ�Ø�. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252
IGJ[NISE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252
BFCFZCFCNKNF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252
FYPKOPPKJ\ONTSGYC\GZF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252
P\RG\NCRKFFKMN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253
[K[KOR[KPG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253
F\GZF[NGPEKOCNKNFXIFKG\Z. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .254
CRKFBPGRF=FKGETKONKKIEF[OFYEG[. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .254
œØ���. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255
MNB[Z\PXBKELNT[G\CMGIL,Tzs+F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255
CKRGRK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255
\PKMFPFCGZB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255
F\TGZZG\FTNKGQ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255
FCBNFKJFZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256
PK[P\YE[,PYE[KOBG\G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256
CRKK\FPYE[. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256
T[KK\FP[MQ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256
PGNKLFIPGZKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257
NVKPF[P[TZCNCG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258
F\KYGQFGBZYCTGNOFHF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258
ZP"IBKCZKFR[PF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258
[S"FDKEKFR[PF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .259
[TKZNTHBHN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .259
\GMIFPBFCF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .259
[RF=PIHGZ\KYGQ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .259
œ�Ø�. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260
\VKNFNTRK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260
[TZKEPTG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260
\VKN\ZCKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260
C\GLTPKBRGMKKG[C\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261
MPG\GBKMG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261
�Æ���Ł���Ø�Ø,�Ø Łł Ł�Ø��ªØ�æ�łØ
"YCNFNTO"FGBPGSEIKRGMKNNBMGGR\ZGGI,CZB[G\G[NFZCNKKJPQ.PJZ\G
NPP[B\FGZB\O[NDEGNKFPYGCNKO,GNFTCKZB\FZTKGRG\GFTZMKO[NIMP\
FYCNFFBG\RJK\NYFNFZIC.M[RKPKNKGQ\NPKEKOPMNZICKFTGNOVGYEKOMKGOB\
PSDZG\FNKPGEF[GRG\[N"YCNFNTO".
��ª�œłÆ�ØØŁ��
FZCE"ZPKMBNNKKJPQFKF\NPKEGGTGHZGFBK[K[NFZCCZGL[NGOB[ND,CRG
FCMGZ[NPICZVKZG["FSGNO"NSVZFHGFZ,FZCKFGEFB[ND.CP[L[\KO=T[ZF
[RFZM[PVKZCGB\\GZ\"FSGNO"[NBCKG,TENVJKZ\GC=.1991
PEKKGOPTCKZFZCNKKJPQFZXBG\G[KTGZKOCSVZFHGFZGCM\CKFPYGZ[N
FYCNF,GFOP[GEZKOC[KEGZIKCZ[\G\JNGGKHKF[GRG\GCZ[\FBKRJZRJ.
FZCNKKJPQIKCZ[NG[KOSVZKYCNF[\GZDPGN[VG\ZCG\.CRGSU,FGBPMFQ
MR[KB"PMGQFPIYZT"[FZCB[ND",G[KP[MICZCPGTX\FIMPFFTGNPK\)World
Wisdom Council(.CXTKZG\GF\PIF
CCKG=YKCZRJKYF,GFGBBGIHC\BZKO
EGYJGZNVKNGSGVKFGVZGVSGZ
NBGRJGNGDKFGNBVKSJPGNGDKF.
FZCNKKJPQPRFNCNGDBK[K=
"YCNF,PETGP[PTG\FIKKO"
www.laitman.co.il,FCNGDP\GZDO
N=17[VG\,P\TEMQPSVZVTPKO
CMNKGO,GRK\QN[BGNCG[BNG\
GNYCN\[GCG\.
�ł�ı"�Æ���"-�œ�ÆłØ�Ł�Æ!�ł�ı66Æ-HOT�Æ-yes,�œ���º�� �ØØ���œø��
"\ZCG\FZKBNKJK"FGB[ORZEUNJNGGKHKFCKPKRG.TOHB\ZCKOMPFKON\MRKO
IE[KO,PTRKKRKO,PTGZZKPI[CF,ZTRRKOGP[PIKO.
TZGW"YCNFNTO"PCKBNZB[GRFBNPSLFJNGGKHKFB\TYZGRG\SVZFHGFZGIMP\
FYCNF.FTZGWMGNGPCGSSTNFVYG\PYGZ[N\GMQBKMG\K,Y[ZBKRJZBYJKCKTO
FXGVKOG\Y[GZ\DOCBPXTKOPYGGRKO.
270|
FTZGWP[EZPDGGQ\MRKG\NMNFP[VIF24[TG\CKPPF.\PXBGCG[KTGZKO
GFZXBG\,YGZSKONP\IKNKOGNP\YEPKO,\MRKG\BYJGBNKF,\ZCG\,IKRGLGHGDKG\,
G\MRKG\BKMG\KG\CPKGIENKNEKO.
FTZGWPFGGFPTKQCK\NMNPK[PIV[\[GCG\BPK\KG\,GNBPGMQNF\V[Z.HFG
TZGW[NIGO,[NBFCF,[N\GMQBKMG\KGPB\DZG[NP[PTG\.
B\NGIF[KEGZKOFPNB\GMNGNPXGBCB\Zwww.kab.co.il,
BGCPHMKZG\FTZGWCJNVGQ209=509=700=1
��łŁ�"�Æ���"www.kab.co.il
VGZJNF\GMQFDEGNGFPYKUCKG\ZCTGNOCRG[BIMP\FYCNFFBG\RJK\.CKQ[NN
\MRKFVGZJN\GMNGNPXGB:
[KEGZBKRJZRJK[NTZGW66,NGI[KEGZKOTEMRK,[KTGZKOBKRJZBYJKCKKOBGQ=NKKQ,
\MRKG\GYNKVKO,PBPZKOCRG[BBYJGBNKFG\ZCG\CZBKFYCNF,SVZKKFT[KZF,
PGHKYFG[KZKONFGZEF,\MRKONKNEKOGNP[VIF,P[IYKPI[C,VGZGOYCNF
BKRJZBYJKCK,NKPGEKYCNFNP\IKNKOGNP\YEPKOGTGE.
�º��œ"�Æ���"
PSNGNKFNKPGECPMNNFP[NCKONKPGEBYEPKTOIGGKFZD[K\BK[K\.FNKPGEPTRKY
PKETZICGPYKUTNSVZFHGFZGIMP\FYCNF,FKMZG\TOKSGEG\KFFPZMHKKO,TZMKF
GBGVQFNKPGEFPKGIE[NF.
IGPZFNKPGEPGTCZCXGZFV[GJF,CZGZFGPGCR\,PFYNBNFMCE,\GL[KPG[
CM\CKPYGZGPBPZKO[RM\CGTNKEKDEGNKFPYGCNKO.
SDNFPZXKOCPMNNFPGZMCPPGZKOGPRIKOPYXGTKKO,CTNKRKSKGQT[KZCFGZBF
GCVK\GIDK[G\KKIGEKG\CFGZB\IMP\FYCNFFBG\RJK\.
SRKVKFPMNNFVGTNKOCMNZICKFBZW.
������łø�æ�łØ�Æ�
N"YCNFNTO"FGXBFNBGZFPXKTFPDGGQZIC[NSVZKO:M\CKPYGZ[NFBZ"K,[N
CTNFSGNOG[NFZC"[,SVZKONNKPGETXPKP\GL[KTGZKFZCNKKJPQ,SVZKPIYZ,
SVZKONFKMZG\TOIMP\FYCNFGSVZKONMNFP[VIF.
271 |