Potential new sources of Fluorine High Value downstream ...

© 2014 IHS

Fluorspar 2014● Potential new sources of Fluorine● High Value downstream uses of

Fluorine● Impacts on Supply & Demand11-13 November 2014,

Miami, Florida

© 2014 IHS

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Potential new

sources of Fluorine

© 2014 IHS

Photo by Ray Will, IHS

Additional Fluorine Source: Fluosilicic Acid

• According to the USGS, 76 thousand

metric tons of FSA, equivalent to 134

thousand metric tons of 92% fluorspar

were recovered from U.S. phosphate

rock in 2013

• FSA is also produced from Phosphate

Rock in Europe and at selective sites

in China

• Additional FSA supply is potentially

available from Phosphate Rock

operations in China, Morocco and

many other countries

• FSA is also deliberately produced from

fluorspar

© 2014 IHS 8

The production of Phosphate Fertilizers & Phosphate Chemicals from Fluorapatite Ca5(PO4)3F can yield a Fluorine containing by-product, Fluosilicic acid (FSA):

FSA is used directly for Drinking Water Fluoridation and as a chemical raw material

© 2014 IHS 9


DrinkingWater11%

AlF328%

Cryolite2%

Silicofluorides40%

Sodium Fluoride

5%

Others including HF

14%

260

KMT

2013 Global Market for FSA,

100% basis

• Silicofluorides production is the largest use for FSA. ~30 percent of water

fluoridation is with Na2SiF6

• Aluminum Fluoride (low density) accounts for about 28 percent of FSA

consumption

• The other indirect uses of FSA are for products which are also derived from

fluorspar - Sodium fluoride, and HF. HF production from FSA is an

emerging opportunity (e.g. production from FSA at Wengfu, China)

Source: IHS

FSA is a significant source of fluorine, accounting for 8-9 percent of equivalent fluorspar supply in 2013

• FSA competes with acid grade fluorspar as a raw material for AlF3, HF

and HF derived products

• Phosphate rock is 2.5 to 3.5 percent fluorine. Potential global annual

FSA supply from phosphate rock production is about 3.5 million metric

tons, equivalent fluorspar basis; this is over 50% of 2013 global fluorspar

production.

© 2014 IHS 10



High Value

Downstream uses of

of Fluorine—Specialty

Fluorochemicals

© 2014 IHS


Specialty Fluorochemicals--Some Examples

© 2014 IHS 12

High Value downstream uses of Fluorine—Specialty Fluorochemicals

Pharmaceuticals

Pesticides

Anti-Fingerprint Coatings

Some of the Best Selling Pharmaceuticals are based on Fluorine

© 2014 IHS 13


Pharmaceuticals containing fluorine include the

following categories:

Anesthetics

Antacids

Arthritis therapy

Anti-Anxiety

Antibiotics

Antidepressants

Anti-Fungal Antibiotics

Anti-lipemics (cholesterol lowering)

Asthma

Protease inhibitors (anti-HIV)

Psychotropic (anti-psychotics)

Steroids (anti-inflamatories)


Drug

Category

Generic Name/

Trade Name

Drug

Category

Generic Name/

Trade Name

Anesthetics

2-chloro-2-(difluoromethoxy)-

1,1,1-trifluoro-ethane/

Isoflurane/ Isoflo®

1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl

difluoromethyl ether/

Desflurane/ Suprane®

Droperidol/ Dridol

Fluoromethyl

hexafluoroisopropyl ether/

Sevoflurane/ Ultane®

Halothane/ Fluothane

Midazolam/ Dormicum®

Anti-fungal

antibiotics

Fluconazole/ Diflucan®

Flucytosine/ Ancobon®

Anti-lipemics

(cholesterol

lowering)

Atorvastatin Ca/

Lipitor®

Arthritis

TherapyCelecoxib/ Celebrex®

Protease

inhibitors

(anti-HIV)

Tipranavir/ Aptivus®

AntacidsLansoprazole/ Prevacid®

cisapride/ PropulsidPsychotropic

(anti-

psychotics)

Haloperidol/ Haldol®

Anti-Anxiety Halazepam/ Alapryl®

Antibiotics

Ciprofloxacin/ Cipro®

Levofloxacin/ Levaquin®

Flucloxacillin/ Floxapen®Steroids

(anti-

inflammatories)

Fluocinolone

Acetonide/ Flucort-N®

Flurandrenolide/

Flurandrenolone/

Cordran®

Anti-

depressants

Citalopram/ Celexa®

Fluxetine HCI/ Prozac®

Paroxetine/ Paxil®

AsthmaFluticasone & Salmeterol/

Seretide

© 2014 IHS 14


Billion dollar products*

*Producer achieved at least

$1USD billion in sales annually


© 2014 IHS 15


Major Producers Headquarters Pharmaceutical

Takada Pharmaceuticals Japan Prevacid®

Bayer Germany Cipro®

Ortho McNeil/

Johnson & JohnsonUSA Levaquin®

Lupin Pharmaceuticals IndiaLevoflovin (generic

Levaquin®)

Eli Lilly USA Prozac®*

GlaxoSmithKline UK Paxil®

GlaxoSmithKline UK Seretide®

Pfizer USA Lipitor®*

Pfizer USA Celebrex®

*Generic versions are produced by several producers in various countries


© 2014 IHS 16


According to Wikipedia there have been 189 brand

names for fluoxetine pills, stemming from Eli Lilly’s

original Prozac®.

The following fluorine containing pharmaceuticals are included in The World

Health Organization’s WHO Model List of Essential Medicines* 18th List:• fluoxetine

• isoflurane

• halothane

• ciprofloxacin

• fluconazole• flucytosine

• haloperidol*Indicating the most important medications needed in a basic health system.

Source: WHO 18th List, April 2013, Final Amendments October 2013

Many of the newest Insecticides, Herbicides and Fungicides are based on Fluorine

© 2014 IHS 17

Category Generic Name Category Generic Name

Insecticide,

Synthetic

pyrethroid

Bifenthrin,

Cyfluthrin,

Cypermethrin,

Fenvalerate

Transfluthrin

Fungicides

Cyflufenamid

Dichlofluanid

Fluazinam

Fludioxonil

Flumetover

Flumorph

Fluopicolide

Fluoroimide

Fluotrimazole

Fluoxastrobin

Fluquinconazole

Flusilazole

Flutriafol

Thifluzamide

Triflumizole

Herbicides

Benefin,

Flumeturon

Trifluralin


© 2014 IHS 18


Major Producers Headquarters Pesticide

FMC USA Bifenthrin*

Bayer GermanyCyfluthrin, Transfluthrin,

Dichlorfluanid

BASF Germany Cypermethrin

DuPont USA Fenvalerate

Elanco/ EliLilly USA Benefin

MANA-Makhteshim Agan Israel Flumeturon*

Nippon Soda Japan Cyflufenamid

ISK Japan Fluazinam

Albaugh USA Fludioxonil

Valent USA Fluipicolide

Arysta Lifescience/ Platform

Specialty ProductsUSA Fluoxastrobin

Cheminova Denmark Flutriafol

Chemtura USA Triflumizole

*Generic versions are produced by several producers in various countries

Many of the newest Insecticides, Herbicides and Fungicides are based on Fluorine

Specialty Fluorochemicals—

High Value, Not High Volume!

© 2014 IHS 19

North America

5%

Europe29%

Japan26%

China39%

Rest of World

1%

Fluorochemical Intermediates for Pharmaceuticals & Pesticides, 2013*

$2.4

Billion

USD

*Does not include the value of finished pharmaceuticals and pesticides

Source: IHS

Major

Producers

Headquarters

Solvay Fluor Belgium

Tosoh Japan

Yongtai

TechnologyJapan

Chemspec

InternationalChina

Halocarbon U.S.

Miteni Group Italy

Asymchem

LaboratoriesU.S.


Additional High Value, Specialty FluorochemicalMarkets Market Application

Anti-Fingerprint Coatings

Touchscreen Displays

(Windows 8 computers,

mobile telephones,

industrial & auto controls)

© 2014 IHS 20


Additional High Value, Specialty FluorochemicalMajor Producers

Market Producers

Anti-Fingerprint

Coatings

• Daikin

• DuPont

• 3M

• Solvay

• Asahi Glass

© 2014 IHS 21


Impacts on Supply & Demand

© 2014 IHS 22

What is the impact of Specialty Fluorochemicalsproduction on Fluorspar consumption in 2013?

<187 KMT

HF,

Other than TFE,

HF direct use for

specialty

fluorochemicals

Tetrafluoroethylene

(TFE), raw material

for specialty

fluorochemicals <57.5 KMT

HF

equivalent,

Total

<126.5

KMT

Acidspar,

100%

basis

<5% of 2013

Fluorspar

Consumption

Source: IHS

Specialty Fluorochemicals Applications

Annual Growth

Rate

2013-2018

Intermediates for

Pharmaceuticals and

Pesticides

8.4%

Anti-Fingerprint

Coatings18.3%

© 2014 IHS 23

The Future for Specialty Fluorochemicals

Conclusion

Source: IHS

• Growth over the next

5 years looks very

strong for products

using specialty

fluorochemicals

• This growth may have

a noticeable impact

on fluorspar

consumption over the

next few years

Potential new sources of Fluorine High Value downstream ...

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