Potato Breeding and Genetics Program -...

Potato Breeding and Genetics Program

Potato Breeding and Genetics Dept. of Crop and Soil Science Corvallis, OR

Isabel Vales and Solomon Yilma

Overview •  Who are we? •  What is our goal? •  What are our research priorities? •  Host genetic resistance •  Late blight •  Insects •  Specialty potatoes •  Potato clones for organic growers

OSU Potato Team •  Isabel Vales, Al Mosley, Solomon Yilma, Jeff McMorran,

and Ryon Ottoman, Dept. of Crop and Soil Science (CSS), Corvallis

•  Steve James, Central Oregon Agricultural Research Center (COARC), Madras/Powell Butte

•  Dan Hane, Laurie Leroux, Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center (HAREC), Hermiston

•  Brian Charlton Klamath Experiment Station (KES), Klamath Falls

•  Clint Shock & Eric Eldredge, Malheur Experiment Station (MES), Ontario

Program Goal

To develop high yield and high quality potato varieties for processing, chipping, fresh market, and specialty uses with genetic resistance to diseases, pests, and environmental stresses

Oregon PotatoBreeding Program

20-hills, 2 repsKlamath falls

24-hills, 2 repsPowell Butte (SI)

4-hills (~300 specialty)Klamath falls

Single Hills (evaluation and increase)MN and TX (~100,000 B and C tubers in field)

Single Hills (evaluation and increase)Powell Butte (~100,000 A tubers in field)

Yr. 2

20-hills, 2 repsOntario

17-hills, 2 repsHermiston

4-hills (~1,000)Hermiston

Yr. 1

Yr. 3

Yr. 4

Yr. 5

eye-indexing

Generation of clean material (foundation seed)

CrossesAberdeen, Prosser and Corvallis

Seedling tuber productionCorvallis (~100,000 in GH)

18-hills (~1,000)Powell Butte (SI)

Oregon Statewide trials5 experimental stations

Powell Butte (SI)

...

Powel Butte (SI)FPSP limited gen. (SI)

Tri-State, growers trials10-12 locations

Powel Butte (SI)grower (SI)

W. Regional, growertrials 14-15 locations


W. Regional, grower, processor trials


NameTri-State release, PVPYrs. 13-15

Yrs. 9-10

Yrs. 11-13

Yrs. 7-9

Yrs. 6-7

Oregon PotatoBreeding Program

20-hills, 2 repsKlamath falls

24-hills, 2 repsPowell Butte (SI)

4-hills (~300 specialty)Klamath falls

Single Hills (evaluation and increase)MN and TX (~100,000 B and C tubers in field)

Single Hills (evaluation and increase)Powell Butte (~100,000 A tubers in field)

Yr. 2

20-hills, 2 repsOntario

17-hills, 2 repsHermiston

4-hills (~1,000)Hermiston

Yr. 1

Yr. 3

Yr. 4

Yr. 5

eye-indexing

Generation of clean material (foundation seed)



Seedling tuber productionCorvallis (~100,000 in GH)

18-hills (~1,000)Powell Butte (SI)

Oregon Statewide trials5 experimental stations

Powell Butte (SI)

...

Powel Butte (SI)FPSP limited gen. (SI)

Tri-State, growers trials10-12 locations


W. Regional, growertrials 14-15 locations


W. Regional, grower, processor trials


NameTri-State release, PVPYrs. 13-15

Yrs. 9-10

Yrs. 11-13

Yrs. 7-9

Yrs. 6-7

• Disease/pest/abiotic stress/quality improvement – Tuber moth – Viruses: PVY, PLRV, corky ring spot, etc. – Late blight – Columbia root nematode – Frost resistance – Specialty potatoes – Biofortification and biopharmaceuticals?

Research Priorities

•  Identify and use sources of resistance/quality – Elite germplasm – Primitive cultivars, landraces, wild relatives, related species – Multi-trait recurrent selection combined with MAS – Genetic transformation

•  Development and use of genetic markers and mapping populations –  Identification of qualitative and quantitative genes involved in

the traits of interest – Genetic studies

•  Genetic fingerprinting – Genetic diversity evaluation and parental selection – Variety identification

Approaches

Integrated disease/pest management

The causal agent

The host plant Environment

The disease/pest

triangle

Integrated approach: agronomic, chemical, biological, genetic

Genetics of cultivated potato

•  Tetraploid (2n= 4x= 48 chromosomes)

–  Four copies of the basic chromosome number (12)

F.Dong et. al 2006

Solanum tuberosum

Disease/Pest Resistance Traits Mapping of Qualitative and Quantitative Traits

DiseaseNo. of genes/QTL26131121214

R genes and QTL mapped in potato

Potato late BlightSoft rotPotato wart

Potato virus X

Potato cyst nematodeColumbia root-knot nematodePotato virus YPotato virus A

Gebhart and Valkonen. 2001. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 39:79-102

Potato clones with resistance to late blight

Potato cultivars with resistance to late blight of potato (US commercial list is complete; research/EU lists are not)

Variety Status Country Type Resistance MaturityUSIsland Sunshine comm. avail. US dark yellow flesh Highly resistant: late blight late-very lateSante comm. avail. US light yellow flesh mod foliar strong tuber mid-seasonJacqueline Lee comm. avail. US yellow flesh mod foliar and tuber med-lateDefender comm. avail. US russet/baker/proc strong foliar and tuber med-late

MSJ456-4 research (MI) US round white strong foliar resistance med-lateAO96141-3 research (PNW) US russet/baker/proc mod foliar mod tuber med-lateNDA5507-3YF research (PNW) US yellow flesh mod foliar strong tuber Early-medVC1009-1W/Y research (PNW) US yellow flesh mod foliar strong tuber MediumAC97521-1R/Y research (PNW) US red skin yellow flesh mod foliar strong tuber Medium

EUROPESarpo Mira comm. avail. EU red skin cream flesh complete foliar resistance late maincropSarpo Axona comm. avail. EU red skin cream flesh complete foliar resistance late maincropOrla comm. avail. Ireland early white boiler moderate foliar resistance? earlyLady Balfour comm. avail. UK elongated white pink spots mod foliar mod/high tuber late maincropEve Balfour comm. avail. UK round white high foliar very strong tuber early maincrop


Defender

MSJ461-1


Jacqueline Lee


AO96141-3


POLILLA DE LA PAPA

Huevos

larva

adulto

pupa 18 días

15 días

2 - 3 días

6 - 8 días 27°C ± 2º 60% RH

Ciclo de vida de la Polilla de la Papa Phthorimaea

Daño en Tubérculos

POLILLA DE LA PAPA

Eggs

larva

adult

pupa 18 days

15 days

2 - 3 days

6 - 8 days 27°C ± 2º 60% RH

27°C ± 2º 60% RH

27°C ± 2º 60% RH

Life cycle of the Potato tuber moth

Damage in tubers

Potato Tuber Moth (Phthorimaea operculella)

• Problem • Life cycle • Control methods • Genetic resistance

J. Kalazich et al. INIA, Chile

Non-transgenic sources of resistance to PTM

•  Solanum berthaultii •  S. pinnatisectum •  S. sparsipilum

Glandular tricomes (S. berthaultii)

2,5 0,6

4,83,5

10,7

12,6

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Q 115-6 N 140-7 Control

GaleriesPupa

Average number of galeries and PTM pupa in potato clones resistant and susceptible (control) to PTM.

Num

ber

c

c

bb

a

a

2,5 0,6

4,83,5

10,7

12,6

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Q 115-6 N 140-7 Control

GaleriesPupa

Average number of galeries and PTM pupa in potato clones resistant and susceptible (control) to PTM.

Num

ber

c

c

bb

a

a

PTM resistant clones at OSU:

- Q174-2 (NY)

-  NY131 (NY)

-  Prince Hairy (NYL235-4) (NY)

- Q115-6 (Chile)

J. Kalazich et al. INIA, Chile

Examples of specialty Potatoes

Specialty potatoes

•  Exotic •  Diversification of markets •  Antioxidants

– Carotenoids (lutein, zexanthin, violaxanthin)

– Phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid) – Flavonoids (catechin, epicatechin,

anthocyanins)

Thank you!

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