Postwar Social Transformation European Culture (1950-1980) McKay.
Postwar Social Change
-
Upload
lydia-gallagher -
Category
Documents
-
view
30 -
download
3
description
Transcript of Postwar Social Change
![Page 1: Postwar Social Change](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813494550346895d9b80d0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
9/2008
![Page 2: Postwar Social Change](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813494550346895d9b80d0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Society in the 1920s
• Men came back from the war disillusioned
• Women gained some independence during the war
–many had entered the workforce
–all were given the right to vote
![Page 3: Postwar Social Change](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813494550346895d9b80d0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• Hemlines rose from 9 inches above the ground to knee-length
• Amount of fabric in dresses changed from 19.5 yards to 7
• Women ‘bobbed’ their hair
Society in the 1920s
![Page 4: Postwar Social Change](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813494550346895d9b80d0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Women began wearing make-up
• Women began smoking and drinking in public
Society in the 1920s
![Page 5: Postwar Social Change](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813494550346895d9b80d0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• 15% of working women worked in professional careers
• 20% of working women worked
in clerical positions
![Page 6: Postwar Social Change](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813494550346895d9b80d0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• Women were expected to quit when they married or became pregnant
• Women earned less than men in the same positions
![Page 7: Postwar Social Change](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813494550346895d9b80d0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• Women were still closed out of many professional positions
• Example - women doctors were only allowed to treat female patients
![Page 8: Postwar Social Change](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813494550346895d9b80d0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• Women won the right to vote in 1920• Only about 35% of women initially voted• Increased as women became used to the idea
![Page 9: Postwar Social Change](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813494550346895d9b80d0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• Demographics–1920 census showed over 50% of
Americans lived in cities
–Rural farmers faced severe economic problems
–Manufacturing plants increased production and hired employees
![Page 10: Postwar Social Change](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813494550346895d9b80d0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
• Demographics
–Attendance in public schools doubled to 4.4 million by 1930
–Americans moved to the suburbs as transportation systems improved
![Page 11: Postwar Social Change](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813494550346895d9b80d0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• African Americans continued to migrate north
• Mexicans and other Latinos also moved to the USA and worked on American farms and factories
Society in the 1920s
![Page 12: Postwar Social Change](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813494550346895d9b80d0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• Lucky Lindy flew across the Atlantic in 1927
• His flight was 33 1/2 hours long
• He inspired a generation of aviators, including Amelia Earhart
Society in the 1920s
![Page 13: Postwar Social Change](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813494550346895d9b80d0/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
• Professional and amateur sports flourished in the 1920s
• Babe Ruth set home run records of 60 in a single season and 714 in his career
• Jim Thorpe, a Native American, became a professional football player after having his Olympic medals stripped
Society in the 1920s
![Page 14: Postwar Social Change](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813494550346895d9b80d0/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• Prior to the 1920s most people had very parochial, or narrow views
• Largely due to the mass media, an American culture emerged
Mass Media & the Jazz Age
![Page 15: Postwar Social Change](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813494550346895d9b80d0/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• Cecil B. DeMille rented a barn and began to produce silent movies
• The barn expanded into a huge movie studio
• It was located in a little known suburb of Los Angeles named Hollywood
Mass Media & the Jazz Age
![Page 16: Postwar Social Change](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813494550346895d9b80d0/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• Between 1920 - 1930 the number of movie theaters quadrupled to 22,500
• Tickets sales averaged 80 million each week; the countries population was 125 million
• The countries first ‘talkie’ was The Jazz Singer in 1927
Mass Media & the Jazz Age
![Page 17: Postwar Social Change](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813494550346895d9b80d0/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
• Newspapers and magazines became larger, averaging over 50 pages in some
• Tabloids were popular for entertainment; they concentrated on sports, movies, and scandals
• Many newspapers merged or were bought out by conglomerates
Mass Media & the Jazz Age
![Page 18: Postwar Social Change](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813494550346895d9b80d0/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• In 1920 an engineer from Westinghouse began broadcasting recorded music and baseball scores
• The world’s first radio station, KDKA of Pittsburgh, soon followed
• The National Broadcasting System (NBC) formed to link individual stations together
![Page 19: Postwar Social Change](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813494550346895d9b80d0/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The Jazz Age
• Jazz music came to symbolize the freedom of the 1920s
• Jazz…….“an expression of the times, of the breathless, energetic, superactive times in which we are living”. (Leonard Stokowski)
• The 1920s came to be called The Jazz Age
![Page 20: Postwar Social Change](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813494550346895d9b80d0/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
• Jazz began in New Orleans before the turn-of-the-century
• With the radio playing to millions, it would sweep the nation in the 1920s
• Duke Wellington wrote and performed over 1000 original songs
• You are currently listening to Louis Armstrong
The Jazz Age
![Page 21: Postwar Social Change](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813494550346895d9b80d0/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Black performers played
jazz
for white
audiences
The Cotton Club of Harlem was the most famous Jazz Club
![Page 22: Postwar Social Change](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813494550346895d9b80d0/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The Jazz Age• Paintings by Edward Hopper and
literature by Sinclair Lewis depicted a different view of the 1920s
• Lewis wrote The Babbit in 1922 about conformity in the middle class
• Hopper concentrated on ordinary people
![Page 23: Postwar Social Change](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813494550346895d9b80d0/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The Jazz Age• The “lost generation” was a group of
artists and writers that were disillusioned with America
• Disliked conservative politics, prohibition, consumerism, and conformity
• Most of them spent the 1920s in Europe• The Great Gatsby was written about the
self-centered, shallow people in the USA
![Page 24: Postwar Social Change](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813494550346895d9b80d0/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The Jazz Age
• In the Harlem Renaissance, people like Langston Hughes wrote about the difficulties of being black, being human, and being an American
• The following poem is entitled Cross, by Langston Hughes
![Page 25: Postwar Social Change](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813494550346895d9b80d0/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
My old man's a white old man
And my old mother's black.
If ever I cursed my white old man
I take my curses back.
If ever I cursed my black old mother
And wished she were in hell,
I'm sorry for that evil wish
And now I wish her well
![Page 26: Postwar Social Change](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813494550346895d9b80d0/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
My old man died in a fine big house.
My ma died in a shack.
I wonder were I'm going to die,
Being neither white nor black?
![Page 27: Postwar Social Change](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813494550346895d9b80d0/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Cultural Conflicts
• Prohibition
• Religion
• Racial Conflicts
![Page 28: Postwar Social Change](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813494550346895d9b80d0/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Prohibition
• The 18th amendment outlawed the sale, use, and manufacture of alcohol
• People used homemade stills and made “bathtub gin”
• Bootlegging, or smuggling alcohol, became very profitable
![Page 29: Postwar Social Change](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813494550346895d9b80d0/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
• Did not stop people from drinking
• Helped to establish organized crime in the USA
• Was repealed with the 21st amendment in 1933
Prohibition
![Page 30: Postwar Social Change](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813494550346895d9b80d0/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Religion• Science and religion were in conflict
• Scientists believed in evolution, or the development of the world over time
• Fundamentalists interpret the bible literally; the bible says that the world was created by God in 6 days
• Clashes between the 2 groups continue to this day
![Page 31: Postwar Social Change](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813494550346895d9b80d0/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Scopes Trial• John T. Scopes was arrested for
teaching evolution in the classroom in 1925
• He was found guilty and fined $100
• This ‘trial of the century’ was the 1st to be broadcast on the radio
• This sparked an intensive debate on the roll of religion in public education
![Page 32: Postwar Social Change](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813494550346895d9b80d0/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Racial Tensions• Race riots killed hundreds of
people in northern cities
• The KKK, which had died out after Reconstruction, was revived in 1915
• Between 1922-1924 its membership grew to 4 million
![Page 33: Postwar Social Change](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813494550346895d9b80d0/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Racial Tension
• NAACP and other groups fought for anti-lynching legislation
• Marcus Garvey called for a separation of the races and urged African-Americans to return to Africa
![Page 34: Postwar Social Change](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813494550346895d9b80d0/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Postwar Social Change
In spite of the many societal conflicts, the mood of the country was upbeat and hopeful, giving rise to the nickname
![Page 35: Postwar Social Change](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813494550346895d9b80d0/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Music Credits:
• It Don’t Mean a Thing by Duke Ellington and Irving Mills
• Stormy Weather by Billie Holiday
• Mack the Knife by Louis Armstrong
• Dream a Little Dream of Me by Ella Fitzgerald and Louis Armstrong
![Page 36: Postwar Social Change](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813494550346895d9b80d0/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
The End!