.POST-CONVENTION - ~. . .

. DISCUS.SiON #3 . . . . . /. ;.

R~ports to th~ 1982 News & Letters Committees.

National Convention

1. PoU.tic:aliZation and the New Book:· A Two-Way· Road:.- by Olga Ill;tmariski .... p._ ~.

2. Politicafize.tion. and ·''Thre-~ ~oko. NOt ~e", b-Y Andy.,Ph·i~H.ps ••• · ........ p~_:s .. 3;, New MOments in Marx and YoUth Reyolutionary ·Journalism, by Sheila •••••• p.

;· :· . '

4. Irahian RevOlutionarY .Jourruilism, by Paym~_n, •• "'. ~ ........................ p. 20.

s·. The Blaek-.Di!!lenoion i'~ the -South Today, by Charles Denby •••• • •.• •• ... •. • .p~ 25.

Index to Bound Volume of News & Letters

1955;_ 1962

page 30 ----;----- ------ ----------.---------_- --~--·~-;------·--- ----- ~ --------~-

' . - ' PoST-CONVENTION BULLETIN NUMBER Tl!REE: • , SEPTEMBER, 1982

759

Subreport to Perspectives Tnesis News and Letter3 Convention

September, 1982

POLITICALIZATION AND THE NEll BOOKt A TIIO-WAY ROAD

by Olga Domanski

Ne;th'ing better shows lfhy thls_report_.on __ "'Pol1t1oa11zat1on and the: · -._

:_NoW Book•• .18 ~:lied a subl:-eport t.o the·- .Perspecti Yea -~ heard _this morn1Dg, - ·- - -·-- ' t~ri thfl wey -~itle of that PCrspeOtives, f:bis __ y-eara \lhat T_o Do?. BecaUse_:·

that 18 exactly what. pol1t1¢alizil._t1on 11:5 a.ll about -- holt' we concretize our

phii~'aoi>b:Y. a.ru.1: .f.itm, hei~- to realize 1t~ In f'a.ct, a.ll ra~rte ·are subrci'orts '•

Fol1tle&l1zat1on, however, is not a simplistic or mechanical question

o£ .look!~· aroUnd· for some Wa::/ to_ "make" your philosophy con_crete. It is ·a

. dtter or- be~ BO invOlved in th~· ~o:rld and all .its battlo:s that th~ ~OUti­ca.lizAt.ton -·the concretizat1on Or_ your philosophy -- comeiS out of your -~r, ,.~t1rlty~ N&thilig shows that better than the .way that methodology heipeti to shiJ)e the f-il1.taha4 ~rk, ll~~ LUY.embn""B", Yomen'z Liba~tion :.itd t,-MU"X's Philo-,

:!&nhv of" Revelution. It .18 a -tvo-Witi.•r roz.d. ~- one .we h&w to get to kn.o_w ijl te%oae of ~e. _dovelopmc'nt o-f _Ma.rxtst-Humaiti~ a.a clea;t"ly aa t~.e ltew book defon­stratea 1 t thrsi:ghout the ~ole 40 ;rears of th~ development ot Marx• s Huupisa. ·

Itc,~a pz;ecisely "bec&I.IS\11 Raya was actively in_ tho real world, 1.n .tho l:'eal

ba.ttlea going on, and in the daily organ1~t1onal devel.opm:ent. ·during those. yea.r~ lmen\me ~" .e.U~aadly- "ia.way" ~.i.t1·~·the beak, that the book waa;g~ven life. n\ore is :sc:a.rc&iy a chapter _1n the finished werk that does not eho~f ......

this ve17 dralz&t1o&J.l3r -'.· vnether that is the relo.t1onahip between. the un:Cold­.... ·_ -• . .,.lution in Iran an_ri". the -working out of" the ~chapter on the 1905 revolu- ·.

tion -- vhioh then turned 'out to 1nolude everything :!'rom :!'1nd1ng th" :f'irst f women'~ aoVietoi ever.'- to finding actual neW' young revo~utionariee trying ~~

wrk •Ut tM p~blara.s ot a revolution in a technolcglca.l.ly u.-.devaloped- oowitiy -, - . .

&head ot one that is so-called "a.dvanced"t or·._mather it is the wa.y t~e ba.it.le·

t"~~ t.~e ::!.ndz G~ j"":iur..g 1:6vulut.ionary fet~inists l1ke She11a Rowboth~, ---who had fallen·1nto Hal. Draper• a trap o-f iclentU'ying Marx· and Engels "':S one, msant;

. dlgglng into- the_ ~olo}rt9al Note~oks and 1'1nd1ng-_ that, ac :aueh JlO:t"e tha..~ an &Xl'Qae ot tho F.o..i.. ..)rapers was neadad, that the door was opened w1de to '

exaainlng eV>~rythl.ng Marx vas doilig 1n that laot dooade of h!a li:f'e, which ' I .

othe~, h&d oons1d.erecl a '"slow death•" ~ild _w-lnd.i~g up with making post-Marx

Marxi!ta n9t ~ dh-~nologioal deea=1pt1cn,- ~ut ~ ~t~gv~; ~~at bacam.o central 7561

--2

to thtt ·'Whole book.

For the truth is that -- \fhethcr 1 t be an interverition 1n an actua.l

m~vement a.ctivit_y, ·or ah ana.J.ysls of ·tirtf: o_f' ·the see'iningly eiidiess bloody

wars of 1~perial1sm on the one hand, and, on·the oth6r, the ceaseless-new

revolts eruptttl8' everyWhere,-· or a critique· oi' a ··fa1ee ideology that-. ha.s

just• com05 ·out_--a.s--&,.bOCk ·l!lo~~vhere --in· shorl, 11hateve;· the obj&~i~- d~~ veiOpment~-:tt, is preciSely' t..~Ugh .pgli't.~JiZ&.t.io~· o~· c~nt Ovent~ .\h~~~--' you c&n' mCJst -·clearly catCh were ,d.iscOntinuitY. '(that ,is, t.h~ ~ew t:~-~ ~~ ._ ..

eJ?oeh}_.me~ti!Lcentinuit.y lri-th t.he ·libeiatlon phi.ios~_PhY iar o~ age,----~~--1!3 1

~!!I'll· .. _, In ·faot.~·--.that kind or· diucont1nuitY i~ th~ ~~iy:_~~y-_tha --~d~~1- .

nutty_ can be a~ieved.

-.... )~t'a with that in m1rid that I'd like to tak~· Up the. wa~ th.~ ~ce:,s ·of' tpe new book"demOnstrates "tWo-waY rOad" 1n thne d1f'fe~-~t- f'C?·rm.s• ·-:rl~t.,.,-./

:~_I. ftnt -to- take it up in· Tel&t1ollship ·tO a· s1i,.g1e ca~gory 11 _l.ike t..'le- _l3ia.ck~:; ~imflndonr second; 1n tel'fl~ of the l;ei2.tton·mip be-i.~e~ a.ii thre6 partS o£

the book&~ a.nd fin&lly in t.eX'JI'Ls of p:roceas of' t.'le new· book ·as a cea.ss1ess

·i.': ·,-

·(I.:) It wUl "sl.ri-ely come as no sti;t:pri~e: to ,Q.nyone here' t..'i.at., very ea::;ly

·in· thO ~ci,se·· Oi" ·the-~Ok, ~Ya. knt"r. _that ~e, El&ck Cii:ni,n:don_. would.- ha-ve· to . ·ri_g:U,_~--~~----Wt_"imPortant ~teg~iy. It is nat only that, -~ro~ _:the vex-~ _begi~­

n_1ng, Marxist-Humanism. has seen Black aasses 1n mOtion as "'vanguard" of: any.

Amer1C&n ~~lut1on .. •=- but that' lt hat/be~n ~ SiObal dimension ~th -~s ~ .. ,: • ' ' ' < , -~

volu~1onarY.(~f'orc& ilt\d Reason, The qU&st.1on-- wa~ -- hOw -~n earth .do- you con.,.

nect .. this wtth"RoaQ.·Luxemburg? Bla.ck "vns-certa1n1y nOt a diuutnsion e1theZ.

for Poland,. or f'or Russla~ or foi- Ce:rmany. Ye-t:- inack did :~Q.,rg~. -:~n he~:: r8vu1Sion against the-hOrrors of cerm~n 1mp8r1al1sm and her castig~~on o~

' ,. ·-· . -,

_ KautSky's d.ar~D.g t~ glorl:fy German h11Jtory as ·~a. Cl!tnt~ 01" Pru~sian glory," .. ·

Luxembur8 laShed otit ln tier 1910-11 }>Olealc &g~in_~,t KautskY: ~~tp _th~t. se~-- ..

ing;desoription sf the 1904 Heruro war-and General von Trotha's. exte~,1on

of the. Hereros, · ~d _that never-le:ft her thought.

·In "1913; her best,wr1t1n;, (though she wou1d not havo agre:d with tna~) 1n_tier"theo~t1C""~':.,v_ wrong Accumulation of CaJ)1ta~. ~s p_recisely_her·da-.:·.

sC:t-iptiorl .-Or .tho ·real process of' acoumula.t1on, 1nclud.1ng :the way the war'

.v

bstw:a~n the :ace,n' and the. Engl1nh lof&s ,:rough1t "en the back& of' the Negro·ea~" When ·world War I broke O';lt 1 from he:r:· jail. c:elli. she wrote t.hat. burning letter ·'"

7562

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to MathildA Wurm in whiCh -~he r8tused_-+.o .put any speciaJ.·.priox-1ty. on :the· ..

-. co~dtt~ons o'f tne Jews, -~king it cle~r th!lt "the -~-or .victim~ -on .the .rubber

pla~tations in Putumayo, the Ne~es in Africa with Whose bodies the Euro­

peans __ play a game of c&.teh"-"were just_as dear. to ~cr. And ill the. "Junius"~

pamphlet,_ sha :~iterally made you hear tile Crie~ of. the tens of' thousands

of Her8ros _that. had filled .. the Kalahari desert. How much more a.live and

.todia.y_.CouJ.d ths.t __ Hei-ero w.r pOssibly_~ ~haD in· the now. :rf!'VOl~ 111 ~a.mibia· uf: heard in· the. Perspcct1 vf:s Report this mo~ir.g?

· But -.the truth is_.tha.t when Luxemhu:i:-g• s letter to Mathilda :Wu.rm was · -­

included, ,at firzt,-in ~~e single chaP~r on Vomen's Liberation --at the point ~here the 1nternational1SA -of the Blac-Jt d1':1·fms1on.-wa.sitaken _up.--- 1~ _

someh~u didn't "flo'W'".• !t didn't reS:J.ly belong there. Now __ watch!· .. By_·th_9:·

time that single chapter was developed into a_whole Part .li, the chapter on LtL"Cc!!lbu:rg had becotl.e a truly powerful revealirig of her hitherto tO tall~

unprobed femiilist 'dimensions, bUt th£ inovini tnater1ai on ·tuxeniburg; a· tm- :

··passioned· feelinB: f'or' the Blaclc victims cf i:npe~laliam _was de~l~ped1 :1ns.te2.d,

thro'ughou.t .Part -r--- indeed, it flows there like a tor.rent1al stream thrO~h eha.pteZ.S 2, ), 4, and s. connected to 8.11 the questi~ns taken up thU-fE=J alJd

.the--:alllck dimensiOn as 1t_flow:3 through Pa.rt Ii: -1~ ~ean t.o-~ly 1n it-~ t...~a dialeet!c- ...... tha.t -is, ll0where· $.s sur:rering- h.W'la..'"'lity-~ wh1Ctl-is· how'Luxem~

·' had_ e~en_ 1t1 :but __ as forca of" :revolution and above, all, ae Reason.

That-· view of Reason is tho dialectic Or history that Marxi&t-Humanislit

'alone ha.s ~me.de into so powerful a. category that, when it ;,"0.9 Jam;ted up w11oh.

_tht:t categ.:tty of woman ns Rea.son,_ 1 t ewidenly revOaled tot.ally ne,.; deptha · ~ftd

heights. 1831 --the ysilr of Nat Turner'~ revolt -- which in PbnosoPhy- ~d ·· Revolntiori we.s jammed up e.n an historic rn.oment with both Hegel's death an4

Mari:•s yo~ manhood, waa hera f'ar more di~ctly seen as a paint of ·B.frinii.y . . ., with MAria Stowaxt's dram&tic plea to the dnughtera o~_Af.rie& to awake. Here was the wry first American-born woman, wtiite or Black, to speak ;publicly

--and not a.s Preaeh~r but directly on uo=cn's libarc.tion and -directly on:

Black'dimon~ion ---~nd whera olse in all_ tho anthologioa, all the exoavat~ons

ot ':l'Or.en•s 1?-i.stOr,y, all~ the treatises on Blaek w-om..,n -- f'rom Cerda L~;:oner! to Ele_anor _Flexne ~: to An&ela Davis -- has that meaning o£ 1831 _as a world

historic mom~nt, as a turning po1nt1 ever been caught?

It le not a question o£ reaearoh.' It is ~ question -- when Yf:lU ha.va'

7563

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caught ''woman as R"eason" of'- seeiilg how -~~ch- Wider th.e d!.mensiOri··o-f".

:freedom· is: when· it is· handled by 8. Black woman· than-it fS"·\lY e\rt!n the

greatest· a£ the-BlaCk men-. 'ftlat--ls'-"what is so-neW.-Rnd·so·imporl.&rit:tO

gxa._sp -in the _\.Ulhesitat1ng manrl.er-ir\ which Harriet· Tub!Dan and _Sojoubter:_ ..

_ 'l;ruth: sepai-ated the;ase,ivcs t'ro~ _even a· Frede%-l:ck DOilgl.ass.

"- . ___ :._ -~- ._,) . ' '. -·.· -.' ,- . ~ -:·-:- '· ··!.,- ·, __ ·- Tlut questiOn. at· thi·s· Convention is where do we take tha~ p~cesS

now?· . Whe-re are the battle--s- w~ wi11: eng&g~ 1n. i.h1s ·:~car~-. witt~· \h-e A~~eia. --·-·- . . -·

Da_V18esj and-. the --Shel.ia RowbOt.ha:Us;- ·and·- the FeiainiritS AgainS~ ~ll;1 :tar1sm.; ·-: and'all the._otlu~rs--- in book'reviel-fs as rill as on p1ckct_--1int!S 1 l:ri· letterS

__ as well &s' at. tReE!tings --·with the book 1n han"d- to :prOJ~Ct. this~'i::On_9e:Pt

as Marxist~umanism?

-·_(rr-.f ~a.t is- th~- most L'nportant. point o:f' _all to._grasp, hoMever,._a.nd. . ' - - - . .

then reallY_.work out _:further 11-t our own !'o:rms of polit1cali{l;at1on1 :1s ·the·· •. - •' . . }=:~_lB:t.io_n:!hlp of: all_ th:r;:er~. part3 of the book n.nd;-how that evolved in so_·

.~:·P~iourid ,a __ WY; ~_at i_t -~:ally proves tha~, £a_r fro& politica.lization bel~ . . -·--·:· -. . . ~ que:stlon_ of' applying your. ph11_o~ophy,_ you c:an.almos~ :reel- the -d,evelopment,

; th~_.der~pen~it.s, o:f the philo~ophy ~~wing :from the _truly--p~of'o:und. Jti~d of' .

;-~----~fit1~i1.-zat1on that the book enU.il~d., ~· _,. : . - - . - - - -

'You bet this is a. book firSt, ··laat_, ·and' al.wa.ys aboUt MarX' a l"".arxism-.

But ~:t is a __ book 1n whi_c~ the three pa:-ts .i\re a. unity and cannot be wrenched

apart be_ca..use the uni::fying: f'orcc for all three parts iS. the. d1al~ct1c8.l. ~1A­

. ciple_ of' the tl"allsf'orma.t1on of' ~alitY:. whi¢1 the author .calla "the warp and.

woof' _of !he Harxian. dlalectic.•• .. What iS. important t.o understand and proj~~t iS _th&.-t the<t1t.J.e o~ the book is not correct' jtUt because it_ia~Ur;ely. ti~le ~s philo~ophi~lly1 po11t1cal1y and. tlmel~ness-w~se_ correct. ,

· W'nat I'm. re£'erring to is what it meatia tiia.t. Ra.ya ·began this book as I , •

_ a Rosa Luxemburg .. book -- not as a book on 1111.arx in which sho coul.d "use" L~­

~·emburg-'and/or women':; liberation to ••expo~d" -her. positioiis!' -bu_t ~Cause

}there was s~mething ~ that the ~omen's lib~ratiOn movement had ~de her see

lf!.-·Luxemburg that she ,ds compelled -to dig and dig and d1~ ·-into. The! c&l1

'PUt the motivation •uout.·as biuntly·aD .1t·cOuJ.d be-~Ut, 11hen it sa.id thit LUXC!m.burg's break with Ka.utsky ln 1910 1 4 ,years ahead of' Loni.ri.' "d's mean't: ' .. to be ~ cltmax, 1ntan~cd to prove tha~ Lu~e~burg (Vo&an) ~s greatDr than

Lenin (f'l.an}." But, at the sante t_imo," it \o.-3.a'_ precisely .~ea.une_ the gnat_netJr;

7564

~----~-~~--ooA-.. <~--o"··--~----·--·--~,,,_ __________ ,_ - ----- ~----· '-------·

-5-

of tOday• s wmen'-s ·. l1b9rat10n· movement J.S.~ seen as a: most- unfinished .

'quGstion _..;;and no'Hhere· more -demonstrated--than ·in their·. Own ·Short-ininded·.

attitude·:'-to:a·-:revo1Ut!.onary ·like-LuxembUrg_-- that .Raya· £elt she- reallY··

~- · hid.-.-tO_·do ~t'tle··nf.h·:t.he:-woinen's 11berat1on-_r~ovemerit :tOr a.·--revo1~tion2l.ry·· . 'di%-ectio'n'o;-. In· the~'_proceas, not: Onl.;f did 't:~y~ s --iriOveciG:lt reveal ~uxe_mbtiri• ~ Otm -true" .feminiSt- dhcnsioD .. but the -uniqueness of: thiS· age_!_ s 'woin9ri t s'· li.bem·­tion ·, mo~me'nt --di~~~ned, ":"~ ~ the -foundor ~f- M.~rxtst".:.H~tiisnl·- --. lmat: LuXem­

b~ -h~-~eif'_.. -~8~nt. ~S: ~·~an as Reas~~ as 1rell a:s :r:e~iUtio!12....~. force .. "

By __ ;the ti~e-·_-_the, book was-. f"1:ri1~hed Ray&. ___ sci;.r !.uxe!!lburg' s highest ~vol.Ut.io~ eOn:t.ri:l?UtiOn _to· ha.ve ~_been -ra.is1ng.-noth1ng leas than "th~ .problema_tic o~ ~ur­

day -- the qUestion Of' soc:ia.list democracY after the revolutiona-rY co_~ue5t of: pO~;r~ •• . -' .

. .... [And_ the. trUth 1s, t.l'..a.t ao u,.,endL>tg is the proeess of- paliti~~!z<i-tiOn. and so·-_poworfully reveal1n8', that that conc:luslon-~8-.nta.ted -that clearly'::._.~· . . only.a£ter.the-book-was already on "the. press and the publieher_neked for&'

' ---- " - . f'e:w .. _short _paxag:t:aphs. sWM'.,a.rt:z:.1ng- wha.t thit~ .. book w.s really_ all- about, ''suit~·

'· able-for a book jacket~~~; __ ~d jllst ~ons1der··1t-.~ook Ray& almost a:Week ¢f_:_ ·' -.. . ' . . ·-,,>rriting andre..riting t.o come,.up "ith the ::esultyou have all read.].,,,,

·The -point._is ·that it ·-was only through the Process-·or W~rki~ ~ut 'B.ll · the quf!atiODa th&t th~_ book··beoome not only a neW look at Luxembul:-g, and:~·

- new look at -the :woman t s 11 bere. tion movement, but, .above all, a new loOk at.

Marx -- tha.t takes the measure o-£ ill revolutionary Marxists -- rlih 'tJi£_· re­

sult that wh&t" m will have 1n our hands by early Fal.l is an expl;'Gssion not.

on:Iy c:f" Marx~ a l-'.&rXism but of how tha.t ·is exp:res3ed in terms _of_. 't:~Y ~ that 'i!", _.Man:1st~"l!wa.c.n13m. 'l'he crucial. key to a.l1. :forWard moWmen-f ~1ea in· th&:·:

.relat1onah1p bet~an continuity and discontinuity. That is what is involved

1n: grasping thtJj di~:ference- between Marx's Humanism and I"ArXist-Humanism. And

that .. ie why tha final cha.ptor 12 -- the sum.ution of' the whole work -- kept. . ' ' .

being rework~d and expan~~d oven a.~~er ~e bo~k vas already boing s3t. 1n ~ype.

(!I:i.) JUnt consider that it 1oo'8.s exactly .one year ago that -- betlt'e!Jn·.'

,-.the time i;,hl\ Ih;af.t F•t"oS~c-tives va,.g urltten tn Junl!t. and th!t l'ett!!.l Per::y::ct-.1.\.~s

Thesis was preson 'p. • t.o ~he Labor Day Pl.emm -- the author hll.d tirst deo1ded

to add a new ~1nal chapter to a book alread7 at tJ)e typesetters. It.was ~­

cauao ·i;"l the- original fina.l chapte~ she, had 1;ho~ht. she ,._s emphAsizing the

:first ·part ·or tllB t.itlaa '"llte Theorfot o:r·pe~A~en~ RevOlUtion", but--it soon

7565

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bee~>me clear that llhat· we. loved best was the second part of the title•

"Cnates Ground for Organization." But lt """·because it was still jU..t

ground tha.t the. book could not.end thers, And.it wa,s because this is the.

probl8Jn·_:_t~t- oitr- a.io, h_a.s _.to solve, _tha.t·- Luxe11burg' s posing -_the question _of

H_Vol-ut1oria.....-Y. democracy a.f'ter- po-.rer·. ~--even -though_ she .. certa1nly_ cUd not ~ve· ~h~. ·anelmr- -- could bo. aeon a:t the conclusi~n of _-th1~, ~ok, 2.s; indee_d, th~

ibe·r.ew.·"add.1tio·n.·" we heard in· tho Perspectives thi.e •orn1ilg, oil .Or-~: . Bfm1Zat.i.on, .is' ono li\Ol."e powerful. demonst~iion that -th-e ti:ail t.O tho 19805-,

·from the ·last decade of ?l.a.rx's li:fe M ~- tw-.:.w.y road -- thB- One Wa ·l;-1.11 all

. b2 tft.vall1ng as "h~vc thumb, will tn.vel''· moves· from· slogan· tO· p:t...ctief:t. -_ ·

rt:·i~l•f. that the_re is ·sM.ethl.ng "mystorlous" in th&. "new moments of

the last decade .. ~: It 1s that- l>Br::c' s · :revolil:t.1on-1n-pe:rmanence, 1n hia own

.development. and 1n his own-thought, was so never-end~ that_he:COnt1nued . . -- . .

to. keep his eye· on eveeything new that was developing 1n the_·wrld- -- whe~er

it ,Bs- .a: new e--tud7 of prim.1 t:.ve society like Mo:-gari • a AitCient·- SocietY, Br·· ~e nBw lAbor.-develo:pments in the U~S. after he h2.d'just.·aant:tha Firs:t-!n~~-. tionaJ.· a.111\y to the U .. S~ to die peace:fully, or & letter -froM Vera k8Ulit.ch-~­

about what -the _Populiets and Marxi=:'ts were &.rguin(;. about. in- Htissi&, or Cov·· ~-t!~s t~t-.~~:re "tryiJ:'.g tc merge_and-give:_-ideas an __ ox8ani.zat1on&l. hoae b11t th&t wnund 11p inatsa.d ldtll. the Gotl>L l'rogra!n, .And though all ·1J,ese new

events !Jt&.rted ~ off _looking at possible new p1thwaye ~and new forces :for -

revolution, h~ co~dn' t develop them 1n the :f'ul1neas we are -trying to do

today.

Th&t t.t took ~00 years bef'~>l"'J al).·_ the new inomentS were pi'*ed up-.ag&i.D.

is beth b&cs.use i.t is only in our· age that great new moveiRente --:-whether fn the Th1~-Yorldior ~Women's L1bc~t1on --·began asking new qun8tions an~:

· deu.ndiDg new anznrers and becauae 1t-1e this a~.which'has witnesa8d the de­

VGlopaent of_a body of thought ~nd a move~ent like -~~at-Humanism.

'Ihc ccntL·nli:ty of tho proceRs of' the n&w book, or course1 1o !!2! in U\a

nwaber o:f' pa~phs tha~ h&'\.-e been_ added bet"ore, during1 Or a:f'ter it wa~ :_

oet in typo, It 1. . t how all tho.., ideko !fill be expanded in the real. =rld,

And ~that. real world -- upeoiall;y 1n tho oenteno.ry ;year -- !fill certainly be ~

1nolud1'!« & whole host oi" non books _on ~ and .Ma.rxl.a. But· the aens1t1vt'ty

; ~ bo'o~s 11J<~ _tM ___ tmt by H~'bcba.w. &1'1:1 ?-ubttl .. -.-- -~-h1e.'i~ P.:.y;1. ccul~, 't · •-1s.1t t.o ·-

toa.r intn 1n the. 'lbooey/Praotice col won 1n the l"-et N&L -- reota on tho """-

7566

-7-

sitivity_ to _o~ own new books, .even though -- dlrl.you nOtice? -- the new

book i!J entioned explicitly in that article only in the footnoteac What ~-did get 143.3 a. whal~--~ew -expansion· 0£ the q'uestiOn or· th~ Marx-Engels ayt.h~-­~ terms of Anti~Duhrw--:'- wi11ch-wa.s not cieveioped 1n the n~w bookt. 'lbe

quost,1on neW_ .is what do we ~- ~ith-._th1s colWm? Kevin is.'alre_i~A!f _trying· to

Wte ad~··or th~:-Ce~tenary year to-~et-it-~inted-111 a:nOth&r journal._, - - ' ' . - - -· .- - - . - ~

Bu~- d.Oe~;t th_e_ tdioie ·-qUe_st10n-·or What To-Do?'On -~J:11s _on~.-~eri Con~te-.. a:i:trcie ·b!SiU "ld.th seewg' t-0_---it-'that the. article itsei.r bec-o.iieS a. special

part "Of -the Post.:."convention discussion? .. :·· ·'· otir. tit!Yal~nms'nt. of' politlca.l.izatio·n this year nsta .. on bei'lig. in all .. - ·. -- ... '· - ' . ,, ' - - -

thoae ~t_tles o_f' .ideas-'that ··are ztgi..~g' 1n the world- out of'whioh, ·if W_

have absorbed the·netm9ss or_ this ~ok, the pol1t-ical1zat1on wlll·_.n0t"b; . -/ - ; ---.:· - - -- --. ·- . ' - - ' .

forCed,· but wi~ now, and so wtll organ1zat1ona.l growth. We ~i~l_J~Zow

lfheri·:~~ can' PrOj~ct thiS 'ltcrk to others so concretely thai they ®~ _to

.jo~n- Us --··not because -ire promise theJil an-_ ·.,i1t.1St. "leadsr-~ip !l'f the 'masse~" but beCau3'e· we haVe Proved 'philosophY is imperati•ro fOr thoir 1mm.ed~te,--..--~ild

All you tmv:e t& do ls just look- through the f.lnal section a1one: --"A· ~98qs View" -- to see all ·the speci:fic e\"8nts and_ Znovements si.iigled· out~

thm· (in _·ihe.~~xt ~ 1~ the. footnotes) th~~ amoU-!1-t to almo_st-·a .literal .-..·

listin8- of ~~:e ~at kind: of urgent _need for pol1t1cal1zat1on w1ll upsurg~; uhether -t.ha.t ls Foland a.nd- -the development from ."a read- and- Freedom~' in 195.3

'• - ~ •I - - C'

to Soli.'d&rnosc .toda.y, or the A:fro.:.Aslan revolutions, the Latin American revo.: ' . - - - ~

lutions, tha peo.sant: _dimension everywhere, or Iran, or whether i_t 'is the

women's l!be~tion ~~ve.ment a.ftor-thfJ def'e:at·Or tho ERA, or the Black d1ae~-.. :.:'

sion -- or the a.nti-huke movement ... _ where·· the very lut._ footnote added, and

thio tt..e. after ;t.~e 'book was already in page proot'sl -- ws .iDP"ll&d by'. the · evor-swe:lling a:lti-n~C:tea%- movenumt and wound tip 'making the ,nference to ·oiir~ .. ,-. ·. _. . ' epacif'lc 25 Year· Hiatory and our ant1-wai reco:rd1 the very last word in t.hf; text.

· .the · --. · .~.-

In short,/pol1t1calioz:a.t1on that -·is deMndQd of ua this yee.r 1S to see -tho 1 • ._ - . ;;!

198J oontonary aa the objeot1vo·a1tw<t1on ~~h will surely open all sorts of new doors, as a celebration not· of t..'1o death of-Marx but as a rebirth in o~r age .. '

- . . ,-.. - . ' - .~ -~

on new beginn1ngs ~- &s something that ie both tho true continuation ot the revo-...... , '

lution in perm~~ence_ ~~at 1o ~~rx': ~~1s~. ;nd tn~·deve1upmunt o£ aom~tning'to~· ' ' : • I

&lly new ln the wo~ld -- tho ravolutlon-in-~~hcnco that ls Marxiat-Huaanism.

7567.

Subreport _to Perspectives Thesis News .and-Letters Convention~

-8-Ssptenber, 1982

;,-.' POLITICALIZA-TION A.-ill unffiEg BOOKs~ NOT ONE" .

by Andy .Phillips

·u~like Olea's rePort which concentrated ·on Rosa Luxemburg. Vomen•s~ _

_ -Li~~tfon_;- ~~ -r4.a:rX•s. ?J~1io~oph'\.-- or Revolution,"· this on~ deals with_- ali.

threa· books, altd i"rOD. somewhat di:ffc_rent- "-antage _points. The t·irst as- .

~·ot -iri,.~Olves the ex-periences 'Or develop!..'lg th9 covers f'or_ Marxism a;,.d

Freedom (MicF)_ and PhilosophY •nd Re~o1ut1on (P&R) 1 the ~~coJ?.d with the illlr,Q.ct -that editi!t..g- the l:ete~t-- bOck had, in ili.Wnt~a.ting 'nOt' ~ni.Y. the ntnr'

elements dis-closed 1i, the work; but also the· relatt'onships bet'f'een.-the

three- books,. which haVe heued ·out-:a di&.leCtica.l trail 1n: thei; ciwn 1:1€ht."

. ....,o;;_.kin~ out the co~~r de.Signs. for.11!E and-~ proved to bo both ex-'

eitfng •nd -_c~.allengillg., Tne~--wer8 literally t."louM.nds of' ~lternatives.

invoiv&d~-- including 'choice_ of colors. typefaces, graphics and how each

W~uld; .be. arranged so &s to be visually at~~cti·1e as well a~_ ~ke a_ .

po11t'1eal statement renective.of the content. And what is not alwa.ys

apparent~ is that :f'or all bookS, thei-e are-·a.ctu&lly thre-~ surfaeeS- to be

Cons1d0red~ the f'r~mt- cover, the back cove~ ;.nd the spine, and' au three­

had:to -be- integrated-- not-. Only insofar- as ea.ch book is a unitY -in 1t­

~9lf, but. in this case, ·a ·conscious effort ~s made to effect a design·

that would est&blish a visual unity-betWee~ the booke.

-The~ were t'Ho limita.tionaa we could use only two colors, and the

spaCe -was re'sti:-icted to the dimensiOns o: .. the book itsel:t. The choice

of colors was the aimpleet dec-ision -- red and black -- and renee-ted

a nwDber of considerations. Not only is 1 t simply a. ratter of f'act es­tablished by c:o~side;rable research that bla'ck and red are among the aost

vieually-,~ll'lpactful of colors1 the political nl8nU'1earic:e that red ill~'

bla~k 'connote 'tOr -Marxiat-Humaniata derives trom historical develo~ents that ha.ve s~pcd our phi~oeophy and orga.n1ution&:l rC!rln ~d ·Content trom

the very 'beginning -- and by beginning I don't merely moan ·our :roundin~< as News & Letters 1n 1955, but everyth1I18 pre-dati~ that~ which b&·s its

ful~eot expreosion 1n uur Archives.

C~ t.ha book i.ront., l«t- obrlou~lY-~ted· the title and the authorrs

-na11e. .HoW't!lvor, for ~. there were t!'o. ~:?t~er cbpy elementsr cne re'ferrlnc

·.

7568

-9-

to 'Y.arcus~;•·s Pre:f'ace, the oth~r to a new Introduction~ th~ author. The

r8re~nce to t'.areUse entails much more than 'the Obvfo.us fact that. he is

we11-knOlrii·- and· ·justly regl.rddd. ·as a:· Marxist the0~t1e1&it"~ ~r mON erl-

-i1Caf fs .·t.he·. fact of h!s ··rej&CttOn Or._Raja•s'·_can·CJ.usto!ls biseG. Ori. tier

:·,...rxlst.:..Humaittst analysis or: __ the w-Orld ilnd ' the ~orke~:·· as ~v~iuiional:Y Subje~-~·

Far _from th.;s insistence sterming f,;-o~a Ra.ya' s revolution.aiy .will, ~t

_no~d conc::e~ly, obJec:u-yely_ :t:ront the- actions ~d thoU~ts or·--workers

on bo~h ~ides o£ the_ Iron_Curtain. ~is.critical perception wa3.the

legaCy not only of the discovery by_R~ya that the decline in productivity ·of ·the 'Russi~ wo;ke~s a.nd peasants. follow_lr.g Sta.lin's con~ol~~tion of

power·was a ae~sU1~ of .their revolt againct that dehumanized tot&litarian­·ism·~ but. aJ.so, -·and more ·importantly, of'.· her di.Nct· "exposurEt to the reVolt

Ot ·t.he U.s_ .. ~1 m!ners $1nst aut.ceaticri a..'''ld. their. rslising onto" the hiS· tOric stage the question, "What kind Of 1a.bor shoUld man do?"

~It 1~·-~~;-ue .~t" the 'coa.i mirie~_and. their_ ':'i.vo~, .in their ,thou.ghttJ.

aril ~ct~on~ belna Clo~ely ~tched and absorbed by Raya, ~1d concretely,

h1sto~i.-~11Y. t:ra.."'lsci~nd the pre~ious l«?r!cing cl.ass stage of' "Wha.t a...~_ to

_be i.~e f'?="".!i.t~ of' One's labor," -~·e·, the trac11t!.o."'l~l_ trade union aconom.ic

conaiden.tions. The more profo_1:-llld ancl greater truth, hvwever, is that. of'

&11 of th5 ~ysta who were following those developcents, one ~nd only

on~ was able to comprehend and-philosophieaJ.ly articulate ~ha.t the miners

had achieved in their thoughts an4 actions. These ·experienc~S received·

-furthe-r butress1.ng and illWllina.tic.:l by the East Germari revolt of_-1953,,

the sttmnl.ng llontgome:ry !!us Boycott 1n 195.5, the st1=lr.gs l.n. A£ric:a and

Asia whiCh resulteC..·in_-the emcrgenc~ of' a new-Third 'lorld, a-Dd, just &s:·

the book was coming of'"f the presses, by the Hunp.rian Rcvolu&ioit ln. 1956. ' . .

Marcuse, failing -to retain the viU-1 lin~ With ~~lutionary sub-

jectivity or_ even to recognize it in the painstaking analysis fi&ya haQ

made, reached his own logical conclusion-- in not only-~ne:dinonsicnal

man, but in one-dimensional philosophy. The lesson Marf?_Uo~ ~t~_cal.ly

· 1i1us~t8s 1~ what is .a:t .th~ heart of not- onlY ~. but in. A.li ·_thne books a

tha failure by intellectuals to recognize the totl.aynes:s of M&rxiu as ex-­

prossed specifically in the Philosophy of ~£rx1~t-Human1~~ leads either t~ a~~4o~rnent of the re~~lut1cr~ 5tr~glG ·or;ta11-er~ing one Or another· . ~ . of the state world power:.. Vn:;.t is a:t issue. is MarcuZ!ie•s rolovanee for

'7569

-10-

tod.a.y· and ho;, -looking at. h_im in. l~ght or object:t.vt hist~~ical developll\el_l~G ea.n helP'. iOda.y' S rewiutioM.ries t~ avoid. the dnn;:Ors of- one-dimeris.ioiiali t.y .. . --- . - - . " ,· __ .·;- . -- - ,,,,

The _new_.Introd.uctio_n· by Raya. _to_.,M&F importnniJ.y_ note3,_ not_ only tb&t_

rioih_ing :·_~e·ed.~d · ·t·o· :·~--- eha~ed. :frorJ t.."ie_-: t~e 1 t lo-oLs _·writ.ton~' but .how. w:J.ua.ble

·th&t :-~ork~\;,_{.r~r ~d.ers~ndi~- ~uz-rent· er1.s~;~ uit-~- s~cial :refere~c:e .to}a ~~-Osri1t1~ri:'~f:·--~;.- ~1U~ -~ I~~ia.~ ~~ol~t1~rnl1"~~s ~o ~~iat.ed., ~~--~4 a:l:e still transl.ating --'p~~orto of M&F to hel.p e:cpiain Ayatou.b Khom~{n1ia

_ c0Unter-r.9Vofntiool ·1n _·Ira..~-_ :followin8 ·the· O~rttu:o!f-of"._ i.'ie sh..!Ah, : aitd the ~- · ~ncy tor abSCtrbiiig Ms.x-Xist.:._HiuDanist ph1ioS0phy tet ·mOve the reVoi~~10~ ~':r­ward-. Indee~d, · the.- same ~nc.Y is 'Jnan!t"eSt eve:~are in thtt .woZ.l4 ..:_ idiere

. re.Y.oi~1.0na.ry ·upSul:gCS haY~· i.iken place; ·are· cu~~nily u.tderway, or are·-:: more -,or -less ;·i.mminerit.

. . ' -

"lbeu0: escalating crises are, of ~,o~se 1 ev:Ld{!n~- th:ro~hout_ t.he._!'ntire: :·earth,· and- how to vis'uaJ.ly G.epic~ ;:.11 ·this on the cover of'~ -presented

-.tho cho.l.lenge. The :res~l~tiorl W&.s-achie~d·.·.t,y t!r,ating orig1na~ t~ .. in-­

the _configuration of a globe~ ,.,,_t,h a 'map of the· it'Q~:ict ba.~drop~ the

type. The ·Spi.ne concerns itael:r with legibuit:r -· and ·ha~ilig white 'copy c~m1rig ':trom ·a black -ba.ckgr(,;mcl is an ei'reCti.vc 1taY o:f -~ehi~Vtnc thR.~- _;,. _, .. ...-h1ch was dona on both M&F and ~· ThC back etJV~r~- Of both boOks tl.H.

,visually ·s1rd1ar, containing a picture of Raytt !m4. b1ogra~1Ca:l 1nforJP.-,. ,~. -. tionr reViells of' the book 1nvolveil plus 'refer.&nde to the for_thcoming

new -book.

~e cOver of l@ pre~ented a d.l£fe~nt prohlema how to con~y th~_ i'!l­p·reseion of' the unity o_f the_ a.b~traot_ anli_ concru~. 'lbe abstrac~ as repre­

senting 'the first part o:f the book -- "Why Hege:., V'hy Now?" -- ~e conc;"Gte

as ;tha._t fl.oW!.rig from the "'ab~ira.ct" ph~osophy lip~. re.fl.ecta~ in ~~~r ~· s

"New- PaSe1cns 3.nd N~w Foms." The illusiOn of' a._'~stractness f'o~d.1ts,.ex­~r'!!t9s1on 1n close1y spaced pa.rallel line-s traVej:e-$-ng the length of' the.

cover, bUtting intct the solidity o·r a hea.',y typn face which w&s 1n turn

sliced at a· sli:Sht of'faet. that crea.ted the ef'fd!t)t·- of' both continUity a.-td .· . -

discontinuity~ A dif'fennt kind. of' concretenes11 and solidity w.s &ivon to " .. . ~ . - - - .. ' ' - - -- -. ~

Raya•s-IUUte and·the :t"ef'erence to her new lntroduOtion··Dy having the type,out-

'11ned in black and come out as 'White against thu parallel rGct ilnea.

Th.e new Introduction to ~ 1~ especia~ly llll:portant, because that

4issa:rt&t1on, ~ OiLd41 t1on. to 'ba-ing a. :aum~a.t1on_; ·).f. the eosenc-.e. of'. t.'lw Bnt.U;o

75'70

-11-

~Q::l:, al.so llll.U'idli.i:.tes· in an entirely- d.i'f'ferent 113.3' the cri_tlal_ urg~ncy v.f

grasping the ~volut1en2r.Y significance o~ the Hegelian dialectic -- the ~ource_ of D.ll dialectiC-- in order to :rtil~Y·a.ppreciatf:_."not_o,nly Mby Marx was abl6 to- buUd so c0ricr8iely on the foundationS ·that Hecei•a· phil~aOphy P,emitted,·but a.lsO w'Y L~nin,· drl.ven to-·Hebi by hi~-·ow''inilbllity ·_to:_'i"irid

answerS·--~o why the Second ·rnte~~t1Dnn.l collapSed, __ sa.1Ue~ 'thl:-o_~· .. that·_-~~: P'!'l"i.ence <1n -"abs"'..re.Ct" philosOphy-- 'b?th ·-insightS -into· 'wh:r· th-Ei ·so~~l ·ne~l)~

-cracy betrayed-· ana:: hiS o..m phiioSoph.ta reo~izatton which cul.ilinated.- .:in the --first- sucCassf'ul· proletarian J:evoiUtio':l -1~ the: wr!d.

· '~nin'~ imUoaoPhiC ~o~iZation was also d.evel_oped 'in_ ~•- of course.

-Ho,N,~r, ,the naw-· cOntent g1'\.*0n to_H~geltan phUosoptty. as &iticul~ted in:-th~ . firSt; 'Chapter nOw eridowS the histOrical nar.rati ye With such prOfound _ilU:po~

th:a.{ i.t p9ratits ·a mt~Oh more concrete er-lua.tion of' thl!l: importance or-~iil•s . . • j

gl."'unding 1n··the Hegelian phllosophy, and at the sam& time reveals -how an·.

absence Of_. thia ~unUng led to th& practical, critical· :ra:11ure Of :revo_­

lutiona.xy leaders suoh as Trotsky •nd -l>'.&o, as well as tho sterility of' ~xla­

tftnt1al1~1s outsider-looking-in, Sart-~.

· ~c "neW_ PassJ,OnS &nd :rorceSi· obviously did not come to a ·~alt nth .. ~; to the contrary. they havo deepened· as the intema.tional. crise9 reached.

chronic propr;)rtions·and. deepened the compreb8nsiOn- and- 611c1ted -new ·re-

rsponses t'r011 ever broader and. d'ee_per Iayors_~f' aociety at· ho!le altd abroad..

Which_ie pr0c1sely what all th~e books_a1~ &boutt the m8thodolog1~_ara1ng o£_ .re\--olut:tonariee to :permit the:~~ to both~ avoid experienced pitfAll~ arid·_~ help assure the cOntinuation of" revolution in PenJo;-nence r..ot only-as that· .. m·­

lates to _the practical tasks o:f overtlu:ow1ng the capital!et sY~teius,· &.st and

~est9 but also to-lay the pr.acti~l foundations on whiCh-to build tho new

human society •. I ' . - '

Lenin ~mains a- pre-eminent example. of many illlportant ph!losophicaJ.ly

diai~citi~ developments. · From his ea;.ly youth ·to th~ date of his d~aih, .'

he alwayS considered hlmsel:f' a. Ma:r:dst -- and £ew studied and _Abeorbed what

was available en Ma.....-x more than did Lenin. Yet, a:~ unequivo~.:ally nveale~

in his Materialism and·E~p1.r1o-e:-l·Uo1p o"!' 1908, thetre was no one before _or

e1nce tdlc.d.ie~a.:,"'Cd. a grs:;:ter pass1on··:ror "exorcising the ghOst Or -Hege'l

1"ro• Marx" than did Lenin. He 'bitterly, ruthlessly and mercilessly ex~o~ated

Hegel's idealist philosophy, charging tha~ it was one of the greatest -- i£ ' - . ' . :

not the greatest - e~emy .of' Marxism, ·matez:oi~ikt philosophy, the working

7 ~'11 -v ' .....

-12-

Cias~ arid &11 serious revOlutionaries.

That is .wny his pro~~uni philoaophic.transfo~tion upon reading Hegel

i;ollow!ng the .. collapse. of_ th~ ~eeond Inte~tionai 1_n_ 1914 is sO- astonieh1.ng. nmt encounter .rtth th~ Hegelian dieleotic did indeed disoloso .to Lenin· how -~rqsf~tion· into -~PPoaite- ·had gu.i.'led_ concretion.in _t.hS Second ·Intel.":ttiit1on-

. -~'~'is-~~~ of _t.h~ ~rking _class~ .. but it -~_lso disclosos- the _me.gnitude-~:f ~nln:~_S f?~_: ph~o_soph1c t.rMIJ:fo~tion. . The perceiver of the .·principlo of

txanS~Omation= intO opposite concretely at w-ork in the:_working class rela.:.

tionship to the ata.te in the era of imperialism also_ Concrot8l;y. rCani:fe-Sts· · his' Owr\.- sUbj~c-tiw..Objecti~ t~srOrma.t.ion~ The~ is no ~-~ore sha-~r __ bi.-8ak

iri philosophiC 'though-t 8xj>ressed a~ere_ than in Lenin'~- ~U~so*'ic N~~-•. ! •• - • • • ;_ . .- .- .. - • . '.. .

books, Were he~decl.a.res, ·-"Cognition not only _renects :tho world!' i.t. ~~Ws 'ttl"'' ' -· .:•,• . ..

Th~s, whether it .~a dttaling with Ma.ri or Lenin, the object ie not .-tO '~1~~~~~~ on .~e1r ~~thodology, but to pra'ot1ce it as 'resolutely· as. :they::

did. and rlth the same U."ldsrs~ding and app:r;eciatlon -.of how critical d.la­

lectiCal a:.othodology ~s ·ror the ach~cvoment -~~ succet3sful.:r::evq.lut~l)_na topa..:y.

_It __ la _-:tr"u~ that we have deseriood -~.as a r8nection· of the _moveme~t ~

of _practice ~ theory which _re~aJ.s pi-actice as. a form of_ theOry, and it' is

true __ thB.t :P&:R skes~es the mo~~~nt_ fr~m.theory to p~otice. But I· hesitAte

to ~~~- th_e~e e~ss1~n~ because too ·ofte~ thE"r.t is a substitution o£ rh~­torica.l exprcsaion,.as_ profound as it may be, f"or ~ctu.a.l comprehension of'_ what

is ~1~ talked a~~t~ .. _The: proof is not ·in the wol'ds, but 1n· our·abUitY •

to ~ke t}1e ~rda meaningful ~o._people .,_e· talk to 1-n our activity_. · (I ·ai.ao

lmow that the nea _ b~aok incorpor'i\tes bot-h· or these movemonts and adds tha·­

con~t.e dimension o£ ~pontaneity ~-developed by. Luxemburg-~ but that

serves as another ~uStration of ·the posS1b111~y .~f aubstituting rhetoric

t'or Col:!p_~hension.)' rt may also be added ihat,mer~ly saying this does nO:t;. nSce~sarily ~PlY %9~01Ution of the problem. That, like ever)~hing els~r i:s domOristra.te·d in pmctlce, by what is done. ..

Mu~ of_ what_ I'~.said at this point is related to the l&st aspect of

this reporl, which dea.lo With the actiVity involved in editing the· new book.

That experience was very :11.uch a matter of having the .pr1vilflgtt of being in

a fro~t rolf seat on a historical pro~ss ·~f~ cre&.tion. ft"hile it is true that ! did net t~•~ the kthd of close an~·imm~~iatd relationship as did Olga in

'7572

-13-.

· . the t<riting o~ the book,. what I did have was .both compelling and Ulum~ting~

·What it. compelled. was a re-!:e"ad1rig:or many workS bY·Hege_l~··~rx·,·j~nin; · LuXemburg, .£uka-cs, ·and- othe~ ·--·but. litOstly Du.uyevsk&yi.-- And .in- iii~tl.iX-

, Pe~ien~ I 'gained ·not 'only --a new ·npprec1it1~ri :for :the great· histOric Si&tun."

'o£ th-~s~~ rcivo1trt1onarles and -their -~fttributions-_to us tO ~ toda.Y;-~tiut· all - -- - . ' ,_ . - . -. -~

or:--t.ha~---Wil:~--il~um~ted by t!'le-_seminal_ l!Ork and.-c_ontr1but1ons made by ~ya •• _

_ I -can: -s~3.k onl.y .from lAY --own experience alone, l:iUt oUt -_.of_ this,-roaelst-...,;~ . ', , . - . . ... -- ' . - - - - . or. :thoughts -- corttinued,- discontinued, juxtapos1t1on0d- &!1d: madiated:·- ;pe~ . . . . . '• -. .. . . ' " - - ' ' - _. .. haps the __ lllD~t ,s1gnif'1cant discovery r madS was that_ thoa:re !a ·not .. only_.a ·dia.­

. leottcal -unitY 1n -each or the three books, but _that there-is a deepening of' tha.t- unity 1fith_·eaoh new book •.

_ It is not a matter cf sa)'ing soJ it is a matter of the concrete eXperiences of Jllase:es .in motion -- as ·the t-·:'lree of' rsasori -- tha.t ccnf1nis it. In Other

~rds, 1~ is_ not a cliaJ.eetical ur.ity that cOuld pOssibly' J-o.ave been pre~ter.;. .,

Mined when eac,; book 'Has wr1 tten. It could only ~ co~f'lrm.ed by con ere~ historical events. That is the ns.tura of'· the a~zing profundity and reaJf'ir­

m<ition of the greatness of th9 three works -- both as three books not o~e, a,1d as throe books as ·o'ne.

And l=i.st, though certainly _not least, we have the new bro_c::h~ pre~_a.red speo!;:fically for Raya.'s lecture tour ne)Ct year. This, probably &s m~ch-fls any single i.tem, will be ~ucia.l for the implementation of the most lmpo;-ta~t­aapeot·o:f the perspectives proj~ctGd for nGxt year--- the national lectupe

tour by Ray&.. 'Ihe b:rochure -1 tself was crafted to meet clearly d~:f'ined- ubjeo­

tives. Of" course, we wanted it to be- attrs.ctlve in appearance, and as 1~ .. ' --. ~

evident, we ma.intain~d the same color choices selected 'fo.-:- the books - ~lack and red lrl.th bold type and the picture of Raya ananged to proVide dramatic impact,

The narrativo itself established tho foll'ol(1ng major pointS! the pr+macy

. or ~he newost ROrk, Rosa-Luxemburfi• Womon's Liberation and-Marx's Ph1los0phl

of Revolution~ a.:n '-'Cll aa n1t.uattng !ts publication =.o"ld. the ·rE:pUblica.tion 01."'

Ray& • s two othor ma.jo:z.· w-orks On tho centenary of' Marx' a death -- ll.nd thus

prov1d1ne an important iocus .for wha.t we beliove_ will interest acsd.emia. )

Secondly, tho solidity and nerlousneoB of' the intellect.ual cont:ributiona, rep:r-ee;ented. b-.; thi:i d.a;.""Glopmant of Uiu philosophy of &rx1st-Hwnl.n1am., as

' reflected in the 40 yen.ra o!' works, th.e-' cn;1t1ca+ appraisals 'of thoso works

'(573

. ~-

-lit-

by pr8St-iSi,Ous and.'JalowlEtd.gEiable souicie's and ·1.nd.1Vidu3l._S~J ·a1i ltell-as t.l-te: . ····

_._:.inie~it'cina.~· ,~-C~i t1oh ·evidenced bY·: the :1"~1-ei~ ·-'P'~bi1._ccl>t1oriS t·~r-:rna.DY .of.·

·-,,~~#'.~: .. ~o~,,.-._ .. ::-~~~ :-thtf·_a:dd.itio~- -~t.a.tUre _: l:eJ#eGen~d--~ Ra~·~_-i'oDiziJ> ··_a~lnic e:c.:ede~ti&18 as_.tea.oher ._~d:resea.rclter."--cls,weli- as- her act1v1~· in

: :;· th-~- ~Ct_1-oa.l-_WcttJt--~i&t.ed:·-t~--Bla~k~·-_la.bor •. ·woro_~n• ~ ~iibe;a_t~on· a:~,youth · ;~~~-~~~ri~s:,;: ~-- ~--- · .-~~-~--" --- · · ..... ---- . __ .-;·>--,

'---- ~ '

.:nie _t:O;oclltire. -i::(Wbat-:You·._nll· ~ ,;orkliig -dl~CtiY.-rwitii ·as :you·~ke YO!Jl" ~~nia6t~J' a.t."-the· tini~-~i~:les or other f'a6111tieS in your 3.l."eas·tci·ot­

. ~~ spaa.ki!ig:_~~-ments/. :ri·:·i~-- 'belie·ved.-_t~!: ·the -~~tire-':_.;.;iu'- ~~1~~ ~~ yoUr·;CI~ .perso~i &nd·cre'a:tive :inte:tveiltion ~ili .be esaOnt.ial· ·-ro·r- success._­

;,.All··m. al1, -I•d ·_say we' ~Vt(··a ·lot -~ing- ·.for u-s~"

.. ,_

7574

-15-

Report to the· Internationalist Marxist-Humanist Youth Committees Meeoting!' 9/3/82

During the past .year, a new you'th movement has been ~eve tOping in· this .- .. c::ountry; .. With ·the growing threat of nuclear war .9.nd r&gistT::t!on for--the dl:aft, arid

world!iide.with the rise of ·counter-l:evolut!on in different forms;. ··aut it~ is,"pr~.:.: . ' . -·- -~ ,., ' ", > clsety the d~p_th of the counter-revolutionS-:of our pertod· and, the experiences 'of ·

the ·la.&t massive ·youth movement< of.-_ the L960s-·wti~_eh' makes us .w~nt- to gO b~}t~d ~f.nSt~ · .r...

is:sue _acti:rtsms and deal with -p~ilosophy 4s· trii.e&rB.t· to.'revolution. P_hiloSOpby't:S

concrete- for our age not only 'beC:8uS~ Of tlle _hfstorle perlC?ds of-unftt1t'Shed i'¢volutions

tbat·we ccme out of but because' e.!ich of us 39 youth has ideas about.what We wan"t a future soCiety to be like .• Contrary to the befte't~ of the e8pit.riU.st.socie_tY--~~~eh·>.'· treats philosophy.- as abstr,.ct _tor people,

show-that precisely be~ause we eie Youth,

we can_-make-_phi loso~hy tnore c._oncrete thon

especially ·tor yOuth,· .it is our tas~ to

sensitive, open to new ideas and in r.vOtt, . ' - . . .

ever for revolution. U Sten, to what an 18-year ... old high school ~tudent from East cermany h8s fo

say about philosophy:

In poUUcal·e-dueation, I sometimes have the feeling th.it the teacher"'do.;s.·. not reallY_ undf!rstand. When we- want to dlacuss truth, -we are told~-- "'Iba~ i_s 'not- necessary fOr the finol 'eJcaoi;. you. don't have to bother .. " ·But I aria int~re~ted in, such 'things. It ·ts· our-·firSt conta_ct -\:ith .. philos()p_hy, and!' ~~e stArt thinking __ bm-ediately,, that- this is ·something "abstra~t and _dey,:­and we wilt ne_ver in our lives need it. I feel stupid whet~: I-;ask questions. And then the questions a-re answered in_ such .e way, that you lose- ·all' desi i-e to aSk another question •. Our clergyman has' the kind of person&l ·contact{,-­'With ·p::!oP,'ie·_\fh1.ch the -teachers don't_ have.- One guy in my class wanted t~-•.

·atudy theology.because the ele-ri~n is so great and does not.4Tgue aga1~at M&rxiam in ::such a primitive way ••• ~ If the-teachtrrs were ablo to make Ma't'x~· ism as.'interesting_ as- this clergyman docs :religiOn, then the clergyman .. :.­would be out of-work. Young people like to argue; 'that is nothing unususle. ~ey do~' t want ready-~d• trvths which they: just have to Wallow. -

Thi'a deiJf.-re ~; se~arate .youth fl"'OII philoSophy .tsri' t· just· Umi ted to the·

Eastem bloc but can be seen ·right here in this cotin~:ry where philoa.Ophy in- cOl~· leges ia reduc_ed to a Ufelea.; and ab:Jt-c·aCt conc•pt which you diieutts not for- th•

sake of tod"!'y but for t~e sake of the past. and where Ksrx'!l philosophy ic- .-e~ueed to economics or politics.,

It is tha r;:f'u.:~o1 of t.:he youth to a'Ccept '"ready-_made tr.utha" that makes Jia~'s .. Humanism and hi a philosophy of ·revolution so concrete· for our day. We have dis-:,

It I · cussed the young }tarx often before; however,tRa9a's lett~r to the youth (8/16/82) . . . ' I

which makas ·you see __ that dimension of Marx. i'n. • new lllghtc J-le are· c.onc~_ntreti~ ; --_ ,< • -..... • " ._ ... , ··-- ...

on that period not t? m~rel_y show ~hat Na~ too'a't some point

it was the nature of his yOuthful, creative ~ind that led him

·'

was young, but_becaus•

to break with the

'75'75

-16-,,

bourgeois Here lies. one o~ Marx's greatest ~?n_:-:-o;}_::.:~ ,•, '~

-tribUt!.ons ·ea··ehe·-youtb movement. ~--

It was-before -i843~: t~·e· y·~a~ of hiS .brc~k with,botii&COlS s:octety-;· thatc~!arx .. prepared- t~e ground· for his_ to_tal br'eak, by devtc>loping Hegel • s concept of a_~sotute"

U>!gatlvity-.aS the!_· moving- and creative_, principle •. - Thus,, ft-. was in his doe.toral_-dts ..

- · serta·~io~---~i~h ,d~a·t't wt tb._ a~-- "ab~trae~'-' e~ncept Uke· the differe·nee -betwee~ -:t~e· ·-··'"' :EPl~~~-~-;~':_~~ :~~~c~_~ea~+phi~o~~;h~ ~~~:;~c sins;lc~.;out--Prc:n~theus as ori~_-.wh~- ~,._,.-, fought slaveryll even i.f it __ ~~re only_ slaVery_. to th£.-gods. By preparing-iii his,' · ··:.

. '·-·' . .:-( ... '"' ;·.. . . . . :-· .. - - . - - - -' ' - '• ., . thOUght: such -·a. ground for ·revolution~ Marx wns then -able -to search .-for- new. crea:u,,.e -:::.

·.-- •: -~ ·;·c. -• ·' ! '·.-~- • / ;" ·-- •_ • ' ·._ ·." ., . -. , - - , . - - ' ' •; •

f'orces. "'ttich _were fighting. oppr_e_sston._in. real .. life, ,i.e. ,those -:forces who :were lprac~ ·

tic~~ -~~~-~1~1:~ neg~ti .;,ri. iy. . Fi-~ally .·..:~. -1844 1 ,;larx. si_ngled out, th~ Silesian 'weli~oru ; _', _' :,:· ~ ,•_ ,'> • • ',"., :: -,,' I_ • - ' " ' ' - ' ' • - ; - ,

revolt beca_use _1~ recreating absolute negatl·Ji. ty~ tho_se wo_rkers. were _fighting. not~ · ·

jus'f ,P~~~er~Y b~~ ai,ie.n:ated labor· •. -FTOI'll:,the.n o~ Mant was. in search of e;en.ne~er­fo~~~~. ag'a-i~S\l!apl talism but' it ,;as -_th.e _gro~d th_a~ he ·bed_ :,laid before· 184_-~, ----_;the· g_rO,u_nd Oi -fr~~dom ~h!c~ at lowed -~im to see· .tla~_se .new forces a~ who gav~ _depth

to .thO concept of. ~reedO~ • . Matt's Promethean vision, a·::i ~aya says in her _n,e'w boot<., "didn't allow -r~om-·for

s-~~g:~,f~iilg."- It is that kind of Promethean visi~n which enables us, t-o -figJlt' sfn-, any

gie of· all t~e way

in whicb:a'birth-time of _history is p%-eSented in- :.he new book...::.; that'~s·,~whe:n)a

''bre8ldng' pOf.Ot.·_be"c'ome·s, the t~&ns~u-~ent-, d-ire~u on' -forward•~-·-- · ca~ give· us·- di re~-t!on to ·_the -kihd, ~i" b-~~ak :-~ th- the·· pa~t .. that a;· n_e!-·w<Youth_ mov:emct\t re-Qu!_res. _ _:]:~_:we·-, ~o wAnt· tC/b-reak with- the mere! 8~tiV!~m and unsuc.ces:sful movements of the 1960s~-- Ve need . .;, '

-But most important

to create a new: begiti.ning w1 th those forces of Tev'otUtion who a-re pra·Cuc:inS absolute . ·,- , , . . -' , .. ~- , •r _. - .. -·. - • .. :, ~

flegatiVity,·.uke Blac.kSJ Latinos,,women and youth, at the same time_ that.ve·reaUze

thatj~-~~~ -'~~ anti~phil~:sophy nature ·of:·thc t96os mov.enletlt whi~h-· did. nOt·:-ai_l~ • ' I . ' , .

the i~eaa 'of £1:-.!edom of these youth- to devei'?P-'ta. tl?-.~ir -fullness·,;

It is in sear.ching for the'c-reative i'dea~ of all the-different £0rce:s of 'revo­

lution that we ar~ r'ecreating ,., • .e:rx. 1 s di&leetlcs .of _revolution .ind in- th&t seilS~ this - . \ ~ ...

yea"r's youth -~ulletin is very new.' -Just as Marx-preP1n·ed grotmd tO be cble to,ap•

preelete the Silesian veaveTs revolt, we are printing the ideas· of 1!1 worker -abOut

nucleat' ·vaT and nucleat' ene~y &long ·-Wt fh articles from Youth t;;bout how they V.:nt· to bring about a total chang~, as our contribution to the anti-nuclear mOvement and

as -p'ieparation for a very di'ffer~nt -kind of 'youth ·moVefnerit-- tri the \9SOs, ~ tho

'day of revolution.

Marx',s. break w1 th bourg eo! s !Jociety ~as 'so1 tota 1 biieaulle 1 t. was on such ~It

h~_gh gmund. How .can. w"' make the yen: {98_2' a new. b·ekinnlng· for nU1-"8t!lv~·s _by_ devel':"

opi.zu; such ·a high ground for action 1 · l t in to thut erld .th~t' I think our yo~-th p~g~ 1

7576

'_ .

-· -17-

· ·~~f!eds · 'to~al TeoqantzatiO~ next year:. What sums up· the~ peripectt~~- · th-S.t- we·: haVe £?_r-.·n:eXt _yes:~·:· i~ how~ t(,- bTe:~k-·~ ih_e- divis-iOn· be! tween·. PhilOSophy and rea U ty ;·i ·.e~ ·. ;· · h0·~-d~ we mS.~-PhttOSOphy··so''ConC.ret_e that- it ne_ver·sepaTates itself'frOm·reaHty

while its. aim is to tTan~cendt:Jl~-t reality?

In SOt~- Ove-r the yOuth pages of last year, one can see t~at _in manY,.' ~a_ses· we· have -ri.Ot -been -;.·uc.CfosS_ful th: ~aktti&~ phi losoJ)hy conere·te/ tt· tS·.'tieceSsirrY· fOr ,·r -

US to_ say.-wh~"i We-·rnean· by'.a· n_e""wo-h~ri so~iety,-~the need for·.·a-·'ph{toSop~y··-of·-~eV~­l~Uon, or _·the·-fultn.Css. Of ·,;mat--We are-·foi-. :-~us, I _,.,"'Uld. Uke tO_go:~Vn·: t~ree ·tyPes· of a-rt1C_les··i!l: ari effort. to see ·how our youth page -ean be ·co~~X.ct{e_ .and:. phi 1""" .. ':

.. (_,,._

one very important type of' article is ·activity Teports of ~h:leh'We _defirilte ..

_ly. _naed more •.. ·But .it i_s ne~eas_ary_· _to define- l-that kind of· aetivi t:Y Tepo_rt! -~.meAn. ·

·What one ~counte·rs.'in the Youth pa£,e a't'e·"aetivi-ty reports ~leh li~t thems~lyes to explaintng·'the.:"four w's .. (Wo, ~at; ~\.ite~et \Jhen) -and then·e~e-ntiilg upoP, i.t

wi tho~~·. giving us~a feel· f~-r how th~ riart!et'pants themselves think they· can· -~o:O· .-. _· .. · . : . . · tiilue their fight. _Perhaps ·we can reflect the ~deas of the, partiCip8nts by' ~uotl'l'l3' the.n·_and u_~ing -some of their exact ,..>Ords, !.;e. finding 011;t 'Wha't they' a·re _for~- .-For, _ _.··

exaro~t~~ we can· take -a loo~ at o.n ·activity report ·in- the DeCember isSue abo~~ a--~· d.emo:ft;;;tTati,on ·p:a::otesting ·.Edwin- Heese.. Instead of merely cri tlci:dng: th~ da-n~nstra"''

t~on-_for being a:nly "anti-Reagen11 -arid then s8ying that we need''& nev·baniler Of.

·total .~ppo:stiion, ·let us ~defiD:e what We mean by' total oppositio~. Suiely th~rc ' must h8ve been some people i~ that demonstration who had ideao wbich went beyond

ant:I.-Reagantsm and were about"what they wanted in a ~ew society ..

or we can take up artic.l~5 'h--hich we eliei t from others wlieHthcr frcm· student~

oT unmeplOye~ youth. In the April lssUe:there is an article from a young BlaCk

ex-enlist.ee. However, instead of mtrrcly 8:ski·ng a Black-yOuth -tO exPl8in llts ·ex•·

perlenees• hov c:an we elicit some of the ideas :mtch that youth has_ about ch~ngl~g

this world? It is tTue that when you elicit ideas you-may get a lot of contradic­

tory Tesponses and yettfhaTe any_ other way of' overcoming ,contradictiorui except to

~pr~aent-th~ first?

Nov, t t ia by pTesenting ·:. tru~ acn:se 'of' Were the- movement i's throug~ ·~· .~,-of:

t:ivi ty artielfis, onci ·artiela8 Wtdch we elictt. that the eolu:nns in the youth- 'page .~·-: .-· - -- - - - -' -

can truly"mean aomethins, ... What I·-eoultl ace by -rovteving l.o.~t yea-:•s-ColumnarWas

that in many cases W« tend' to have tacked on conclusions. lf ,. • ., taka two Ven­

differli!nt columns. the Novemlier-istJue on anti .. ui1Utar1sm snd thtf Aug,Ust•Septier.r.ber·

isaue on n=--.:_ cmnpus aetivi!!iri•'' w __ S'!!e a _tendencY, in both to jump _to _concludons too_ ' . '

757'1

-_·.

-lS-

aoon. In the NOvember issue the column ends by stating the need for Marx's phit­

·.;oaophy-. of- reyolution·-~ tlu:~ut_~king connectJ~'lno_. vi th the. ree.t~_of. the .. c~~e-~:~~-:. ~nd

1n the.AtJ&•._se·p_t. ~Sst.i~-- the colunln,- although _it- brings_ 1~-some quotes tbt.>t Sre, •r;el~~ited,fT<?J;"-YOUth, .. is ___ so.anxious to g~t to conctusion_s.that it does n~t.i~t;>

-those yOuth speak fo-r -themsctv.es.

tf .. we . .iet_ the c~ntrndictions ;rl thin the' ;outh_ movement '. . . - ' . . . ' - -- . ' . be re~lected in our

youth. ~~g~. th-~ough -the_ ~-o~ds of ~hose youth ... w~ can th~il_ fin~ con!; Tete way_s :_of.

-.;a~~r~~~d~ _tbe_,mov_an~~~ ~l-~- .. :J>ringing._.in ~lte._re~evancc o! Ha-rx':J. ph_~_~osophy-_oi_-:ra:vo .. _._lutlon: and _the;cont-ribU_tions _o_f. Ha-rxiDt-:Hcm.o.nism:for-Our age._

" .F?r-~p~e let uS.take a.look at_ ho? H~rx~s-_concept of critiQue-can relate

to OUT )·outh page. Marx says: "It ts. ri pS}'Chological law that the th·i!oretical,_mir.d

-.c?~ee. libeiated i~ itseLf, turns into pr~ctlcal energy •••- but the praxis of·Philos"",

opby ia; itself theoretiee.l .. ,_:It is the:_-erltique tha.t meaSiures the indlviduftl exis­

tence by the~ e_ssenc:.e,. .. the particular actu:t.l~ ty against the .fde_a ...

Have we been able to·project that concept of-:erttique in the youth-p~&e?

. !.eo have-_we .-ah.~ys

·. ulaT~ actual~ ty? ·In

tried to_·-see that we .do .measure our.-_ idea against the_pait:tc ... •

the May issue, we have three articles as '~e~ate arid di~logue

,·tn. anti-nuc~ear weapons movement." Yet woutdn' t ·that hnve been n real deba-~e if we had __ someone w(thin the_anti~nuclear movement-_ who .was not l'lecessarily __ a ~ndst• · Hananisti-' t_~ ~ayt: -& say. iw:t. th.ere? If_. we did. have a voice __ repr~senting .an. ij1Sider~· then_we;eould truly s!'ow that our. ideas in CC?nt~ast to- the oth_er ld~&s have':b~~ri

'.3ble, tO: gTasp -the ~~p~~tlcul~_l." &ctuel~ty" of the anti-tluclear mo~emt'nt on' a_;~l&~C:ST · ~lev,el.

One of the best_ ways to. project thfl three. books as a. totali __ ty ~s. th::ougb

the process of c~i tique.~ Instead of taking the ideas in the; three books aS fi

:sepaT~te. entity- and trying to make- conclusiOns. out of- them for' ou-r articloa, we

. _can let the process of critique d_eteTmll_lc. which concept~ we w01:Jld like to ~eve lop

in Telat!onship,to_what we are critiquing. ""·

For e~Pte let us take a look tat the. women's Li,boration diseuasion ·article

on EDma Goldman .. - The.idea of critiquing_ Goldm8.n.odglitally did not-signi~Y·a pTOjection of th0 threo boolu!: c.nd yet through the ?rocess of measUring Enma Cold• . .

man'• theories against the actunUtie:o.of her day, ~itim; a crit~quo· of h~r be-. ' "'-'"'·_ . ' . -; came_ irupossl ble- without.: h·dnging ln Lenin 11nd his philosoi)hit;-,~_.~eorgan!zot~on.,~

Marx on, ~_a sea ;as Reason, and Rosn LuxcmbUTIS ~a

of how a woman breaks fTeo.

b:-cak ,._i. th Jogt ch•l8 aa the tnaaauTe \

~f a critique o-f f1? could be :so ~ru.ep,rab~e f~om ~heae

Me.rxiSt:..th.ma'l;llata With different . : . ;

ideas., then Ono can

experlene•a and

'75'78

··:v. What makes_Marxtat"':'Htm.anism r.o total ia tb.t.t it doean't separate its'!lf f-.·:-:::.

the many forces of rc!vOlut~on ·in -our agt!.and yet 'h~--«n. thi5J phi loaophy be con ..

cretized if we don• t· find c.thot?e revolu.dOnary forces a peaking for_ themselv'!s and

~xpreasing -t-he affinity that they feel wl.th the ideas of Marxiat-H.umantsm-in the!r . . .

otitLlangu•ge7 It is_ only. by having 'more ycutli find new p~i~ts of.,~epartureOtn this · .. ··phi'tOsOptiy ~iCb re-rate's 'to. their. exp~-n~nc~s a_ni"tdeas about. a new_ soctetY. that

tbe totliui:y of ~l<ihi.st~lii.maT.ts.; cai. be expressed tor ~ur ~~. in ·":~~r· a~d ~;~~ '- --~o~cr~t~ --~1s';-:-_

·· . _The~~ iS:no -~th~~ ph!lo:.£ophy:- which is s-o attuned to··--~he ""WO:i-ds a~ ac·t~ons of 'the';,;.-.~ •• ~~~~~'ebarac:'te~!..~s them as Reason of revolutton:.,.~}lms, ·the kiiid ,of

'elicititi{,bi·~h w~'·do,hai 'to b'. very d~fferent in order to represent. th." .to~ality of ou~. coneeptio'n '·of th~ masses. llhy can't we ellc{ t piecos from YOII~h ·wh~c~. sho;,

their hu'nger' for a philoso~hy oi freedom, Uke the one. ,that I nad at .th,e b~~inning of ·my_ pres-~nt'Bti.On irorii -~n · !a.St iierman youth?

Surely wa can f:l~d ~ny __ yqut~.- ~~ ···ha~e SliCb· .ideas right' here~ in· this eo~'ntzy. ;·:

.:I WUtd iike to; su&&est that· next year when each _of us wr!tea ~n. artf.el.e for the'-_Y_oU_th~pag·c 'cwich I hope· ina~Y here.-.~uid do),. we·hav:~. one. theme in mind: . What __ .-

.--does freedom amho new society.;;,-..;. to y~uth? '' ,. '~ .\

···.tin 01-deX..fOr!·~a to piojeet the category of you.th as thinker we need J:o _elicit . . ' ',.;. .. that· "Self-Thinking Idea" from ourselves and from youtJ:I around us. Grappliri,g w1 th

a Phito&ophy of freedom'meanS that rou interpret and recreate that .P~iioa~p~y in

n""er ways by' seeing ·u:. rel~vance lor your _age atld you can ,only do that' wh~n,. Y,qu tAki:! ··You-rself_ as: thinker and·· theoretician se-rf.o~a-!y-~

-The youth~ can eertai_nly be most pivotal 1','. forging, a now un,t ty between·_1dea" a·nd actt.O.n 'because they hove ·a c-reative· and .open mind which ts ·free ,of_ the_ Umttn.-

. _, ' . ' . -,- _.: . 'tiona &nd prejudices that thi:. capitalist society has imposed on adt:Jlt~. Th~

' . -- . . . youthful mind· 'f.a· c-reativl!,and as Ra.ya says f.n the ne-w book1 ''Mind ~s free,:;ao9

_whe:J ttghtly-·rel~ted ~o _t-he ere~tivitY of th~ mes_ses f.n,m~tion, showa_itself to

be self-dete:mdned and r~ady for fusf.,on in freatS~."

'i

7579

····' ..

Sub-Rep?it to p-rga~ization Session,

1982 News & Le~t~_-rs Convention

-20-

Iranian Revo1Utior~~Y Journalism

__ by Payman, LA . . ·t~

~ ·<

Th• Iratitari Marxist-Humanists are _glad to h8ve E&A number: six wi th.·us ~~,-r~ t'OdA.Yt~-b-ee4u:fe the ·c·on.ttn~ed pubucat-ton of this r~voluttorui'x-y ne-:w-spaper _in' •. ,.

t"od~Y,•S c.~~rit;e-'t'~-;evoi~uoNiry sl t~~ttOn shows a .peTs~ste~ce. i~,p~oj~_~t_i·ng fr~e~-~ ·ld•as as-Much in a sitU&.tion of--C:ountf'r.:.;re~·ctutton.as or··-re-voluti.on.!tself. :-FOr·

EiA ··ts· b~in&· p~bU~hec:t'a~--a t:i~~ when Kho~~i.~~'s ~ou~~~r~reov.~lution.-iS_ ... ~ryin.g __

tO_ d~-itr~:f ony for~ ~f ~·ss "mo~e~en-~ in embryo.· Today, more ~?a.;, 27,000 I_ra~i~.t.ri y'o'u.tb have' b~en kt tle-d. tn' the Iranf,Iraq wor in th~ _pa~t tw~ montbs·'a.~o~_; new

batt'l~ 'ZOn~S- are bet rig Conned b)r the Kurdis~ fieedorr. ftghter!l in N~~~~ern K_urd..:-

!stan; thOus'ari.ds ·of -reovOiutt.:martes h-av~ been _executed unde-r various __ pretextS

even· fc;r di.strl-b~tin~- te8.ftets •. The p-rts~ns_ of. the .regt~e are ·f~ t l~d wt t~ ~~ousands· of revolutionaries and the gove.rnment is !!peaking of bui_lding C!'Ven mo-re prisOns.­

'A~·a .. ·t-t~e.l.ike th.is,~t~e puhtt.catto~ ~f E~ i~ an o.p·~~i~.whi~h do~sn't. alto~ . . .. .. ·-.. - ' . . ' . . the C.th~n· Sid.r' Of the: ~bjectlve situ~tion--;i:.he ma~s-~revoll:'ttona't'r st.t:_ugctrs;!'or

f-rec.ldom--to be lost to our Fa-rsi readers. The v~ry __ har~ .work _tha~ went into .

.,_ l:tutttng'-~ut~-issue lf6_-·of .. E&A-,t~attfie~_to th~ todaytle~s of HE-g~l'~ statement ebout:~. ··"the-- p&tien~e, · labOr, sertousness ond ~uff~rt i1g -~f the· negatt ve."

Wh~t· st~nds ou.t. t~ thts ?towses1:. tssue of E&A}_s the uniqueness of Marxt~t-. ·:

·Humanism in being able to confront ongolng rc:o~Hti.~s of revolution a_nd eo':lnt'.r-.

Tl'volutton ·tn Iran, as wet 1 as wOrldwide.· The printing of the Oraft_ Per;~pee~lVl"S

fo-r the very first time in an Iiantan newspaper allo~ the I rant an ·reader to~'look

at' the· totat'it'y of.- th~· present- world situat-ion- and eu~rent stage of m&ss -rctvolut-lon-- '• - I . , - . .: , .. • - •

ary move'!'ents thrOugh the v lew;:-oi nt .of Nn-rxi st-1--lumant st .Philosophy~ I~ a tsO atlow:s' the reader to witness .. th~ maturity and objeC.tt~ity of a_ philosophy that

ha-s hAd a 30 yE--ar hi.stoi'y of devplopmt-n~.

Thct analysis of the world eoeono1nie crisis and itS impaet. both on tht' '!la~lY llves of WOTkins; pe-ople and it3 relation to the wo-rld sltuation, "whteh appf'ars

in the Dr6rt· Pe~speetives, &3 we~l as exposing th~ eounter-revolitionary ~et~ons -of KbOm.totny-1\egin in the Wddle F.ast, the dlseussio~ on how Ma-rHlst-HUmanism.~:. relates to the movement from praett.cc: of .mGSseiS t.n motion, th~E" analysts of l"low

the- post•MaTx Narxist.s have narrowed Har.X's:Marxls1

m, ond finally thto d'tscusaJon

C:otha rro~'rarn. c.:: ~rroum! for _M1!1"'X' s concept of organiZation

ar• all concepts vhlch . 1

have- cone~to.tizPd Xarxtst-Humantsm and opened up n'ew pathways

·7580·

-21-

. for. de-ve-loping revoluttonnrv ideas in the year ahead. ·ThE- prt t;Ltlng ·.of_ th•Se Draft , ,, •• ·: •,r_.•·. --.·M·- ·-· . Per~pec_~iY!S·. in_ E&A pres~nts thf' newspape-r wtth a.ne,... task• for.:vt-·rnust not_,just __

··open and m~intain new dlalo&ue With readers on the b'asts Of Perspf'_Ct!Vt2s, but·as " . "

wei 1 ~ePiac~ &enc~aH2~ti.ons a~d abstractton3 with concretene~s .. · -. Th~ _othe~ pag~S ,of thta !~sue of E&.<\, espeeia lly_ the rev{ ew_ of Saadawl '.s­

bo~k The- H!dde:n:Faee.of:-E:Ve·-·shows ~e-·have _taken the ftrst r,teps-t:il' concretelY­

. ···p:r_~-s~~~ing·Mc~~st-:H·U:nal!-ism .. ,~n_.t_h~-~ a~ttete, ·_instead of. repeating principles

tikt-·- "the·. ileed to --~ni te·: Marx! sm· and Femtnistn11 we- rather pract!ceo ·t"i?at~\nli ty .by:­

ta~ing ti'?e_triea~ure o·~ th-t,s- wome-n's ldeas·i.n:relatlon_to the- unltY:.of;Marxi~ a:nd: -F~t~ts:m-~-Ha~xtst-H~ani_sm. S~ch concretenest: needs to be praetietod by :~tt of thos~: wh:o. put ~ut E&A in orde:: to obtain thto fullest potential of the. newspaper

ns an.oYg~n relating .ton~ Iranian readers.

I!

. " .

-.·.One o·f- the accomplishments of E&A C?ver the last year has been the produftion

of fou!':' t::sues of the paper on a fatrly consiste-nt basts,. ·Breaking the time'.·

gap between one issue- and the next has always had ·a special st;niftcance for_ us,

but because• of our small numbers this ts not always easy. F.&A -is not made.in

one d~Y:--lt arises from a careful and extended cHscUsSton betl<leen· the comrad~G

and friends on the articles to be printed in_ the comtng {ssut!'.. The quest{on~·_of ttme ts an impor-tant One btocause t.yplng a~t.tcles, iechnical work-~Produetion,;and

sendtnr: tt in f-tntshed fom to the prlnter must al~ be done by a .small c.Ore of

people-. .The great· amount of labor- and time that goes into producing an tssu~ •

dete~tnes the paper's form and conterit.

Since the last Plenum, EM has been transformed from an 8 page to a 12 pa~~

paper. Adding four pages wtth an addittonal 7500 words. has allowP~ us to haVe

bo'th mol-e voices ~from .below~ more spac.e tc? pre:st"nt wh~t ~ re;n-.-scont .. , The,

qUestion o! the form of the new~papE'r has .nlwsy~ J:lad a Speetal st~nlflcance. :or EtA because from the very start we knew. that a revolutionary paper has to· be:

such -that th(' masses can easily speak within tt, :so that, as Lrntn sat~, 11 th~

numb£.r of its wrt ters can excee-d eVen 5000"• t.Je dtscovertid thts fol'"ffi of a rev-

oluttonarv papex: for th!' ftrst_ ti_~e tn New:L& LPtters and we hav~ .. tritod to d~velop

' h•tter to the- Srittsh tfanc:{st .. Humantsts and he-r tt' for ourselves. Raya's.

dla lo~ue wl th them on fonn had a gre':t tmpa~t on our group b~causE- sheo showe~

how tmpcttant fonn ts for opening up'dt~log~e ~it;b new forces of -cevolt. we·~, have- eoncrettzed this by h"•dng,dtf!erc'nt foi:e'es reprPs~nttod tn ESA 1 with women,-

"" ' youth,. ~nd_ netton_,t mtno-rlt1.;as each edtt~ng their own pagl's. The-. WOine-n 1 a page

7581 ' ..

-22-

_-, .. whether· as seen·· in Ned8' 5 n:rtlcle "Mi.dd le- Eastern Wonl'e-ri: l.t berat.t oi{ ·and Soc tat

·t;.'ev0lutton11 or- the .articJe· on w~en in thf.· Paris ccT.nml£ne o'r the one on th.l rev ...

. "Otut~ollli_ry "Struggle of worr.en f.n Polarid as WE'll' as th~ inany rE-pOrts ,of' ~en·~ s"truggles_vorldwide has deftnudy creatl'd a new way of en&aging .. ~,..~~n tc;··suc'h en

-.ex~;en·t··:i:h&t ... the_ Iranian t-1ari:ist..;Hurrian.i3t,~c0mmt tt:c!e fol.1tt1~· Ltbi!orati~~---~f<J~erl ·.i'S::.~~ea-Y :ofle_ of · the~most-ofteri·- referre_d -t~- grouP~··- "-i. thiil ·the: Iriiriiilri: ~~t·~- ~ -. "t;h«rc! i~·-rio.~_d0u~t· that ·the' wdttri,gs-·atld 'settVttie'E> ·o·f _thts c~ttte~ h4S bet:!lt one o_f_.

-'the gr"ee.test·'3tcp:s~ tn .. _the history· of the Iranian· revoluc.i.on.

;The retati_Onshtp' that' the ·rrania~·~.nrxist-Hurnanistr.. have created ~f.\h'-~}~~ Kurdish-inovement tn the national mtnoriti'es. p'age h~s ted rnany-_Kurd~ tc{'a.pp~~ci_a_te

-~ '·-' the ·hi.!ltoric contri button :of ou-r ideas !or 'the present si ~uation. It is true

t~at the current cou~~.:tr-revoluttonary st. tuati.On tri rran h'as ffiade t-t d-irrtcult ..

to maintain our cor.ilectio~is with the .forces of revolt inside Iran, esp€'cfatly

the workers and,. pe~sants, and yet~ our effor_t at for~i. ng new connections wt th thP.SE'

two revolutionary forces has continue-d. Havit'lg an c:J.rticl~ _on_ the 5tr1.1r;gle~ o~

auto -t.ro~k~rs· at ·Iran. :.:at tona 1 S._nd- a report on the-- c;;"o:-ld4 tt en of peaSan~s. tn the

Tt.ira l .. a reas ·which included what· thf:'" thought. of the- ~hcY.u~-i. ny -i-eui.ir.e has he lpe~ mafntatn~·our·_relat.fons with thest> forces of rE.'volutlon.

··,Th~re ts·no:doUbt that th~ proje~tion of -~~arX(St:-Htr.tan~sn is not. rest-r:tet(>ct

to tilese· forCes nf ·revolutiori. Di.sC!ts.Stort<4rticles Such a's "State CapttaH.sr.1

and r~a:rxtst-Hnma.nis.-n" al-e attempts at 'prl"sentin; the tht>ory of state-capitalist:"!

to- rarsi ·-reciders, just as another on. "Fro:n ReVol~-tton ·to Revclutio~ to Rcvolui:t~n'' 1o1ht'eh analyzed the situation of' the Poltsh and Iranian revolUtions u.n"der thE> . whtp---of ·counter-r_cvolution have:> developed :.t.arx~~t-H~manfs~ tn ·the face of new

objcc:ttve dev.;olopments. l-.'rttin;; such arttcles on th(.> basis of the ~ork of th·e _

Arnt"'"I"'ic:m Narxi.st-Hur.1anist!l as well ns di-rect transtattoriS cf artic:les·by Raya ·

and others (such' S_s Kevt n !larry's Lead on Sada:t 1 s- assas~i na tt on) have- enabled .. us

to crente- s two-uaY tnt£.rnatlona·l dta-lo~'ue with N,anc.tst-Hunanlsts.

~~at is also unique about E.;A. is lts column "Prom the Pt"ri of Kart Harx".

So far we have translatt"d fOr the ftr~t ttmlio i.nto Farst suCh Wrtt-tngs -as tit~

t;.f,:!, Lett~T to Ru;:~, 1843 Ktn~ of Pruss! a am:' soCial Reform;: 1867 wrt~ings on

"The Working Day''-' iTO!n-· Capt.tal, 1~81 Lut.t~r to Vf!l-rll t:.esuH.t~h and 18~2 prefac~

-to thto Russian edt tion of the Communist Nani.fcsto.

Rut ,the ·exact nnd constant projrctfon of Harxi.st-Hl'manlsm is not easv.

~terxtst-Humantsm hA~ 30 year~ of revolutto~ry ,.xperlence.-and ide!'as ~o co·n-titbUte:

to !rlm·, lde&5 w_hlch llt'C!' need,.«- for -the p~:mu~c-~cylof-"oUi- iPvotUtt.On:;·but.·-·th~\;·

.1.re ideas-that do not .eas;ily !tnd t.~etr way to Iranto.n revotutlon.:.ri:as tn a way

7582

_-- '"

-23-

· i:ha;.woUld, have _8 direct imPact On··:the course ~f .-th~-ac'tu-81 revOlution.· JUst

.!!!I!!!& ~e--n~_e,d a phi l_osophy of re:v:otuti_o.~ or, expr_essi_t:tg. t~e principle -.that -}hera

is a ·movement from·-p_r_a~ti~e _which is itself a· fO'rrn of theotj -.tS n,Ot.'eriough.-

-Y'e as Iranian revol"tioil:e:ries: who have taken ol:-ganizattonal.)::esponstbi_Uty.:-:

for -t~-~'~·~td~a:s .. :~.t:-_._Ma_~l:s~-H~n-i_snl_' mus.t ___ pres~_nt- tl:Jese. ~deas_ ·in .eVe~..;more·. concrete

ways 'in our .discUssiOns ·wi. th .new readers. Th~ maturi t·.-· of the ~e.v:olu·t·t_O~srY. -- _._1 . ': '~-,~ '1'.- ~ ·.- > -- '- • ' -.• - '. - - - - .-. . _. '.' ni&ss m0v~en_1:,. __ whether: in Iran.or_- worldwidP_.t ... is such_that _generaH:zati_on.!L e .. a_lmot

.b)' th-~m~'~l~e-~-~- ~e~P-~nd: .~-o. ,th~-,~~,~tr. of ~h~ mov~ent." .. si nee .. -~~e- ·q-~~;s·t.io·n~. ~t-_ch -. ;. -

· r~~_;i·utt~~~r:;·~~~~~-5 P04'_~: __ .to'd~y tn'~· .. v~~~ ·conc;.ret~. !he pro.1ect~.-~n _of our, {d~as~­rn~s~ '-b-~~~~--1~·~~: co~~-re~~-· ~:. ~~Y~-·- 5. ~~_t;~~e~ttve$,-pr-eseOta tton_. yeSt{>rda>; an~; ~e-~-- : . .- .

. letter to .. the youth show how .deE>ply !farx_tst-HU11atlisrn 'ts pos lna ··eoncrE'tE'ness ~s

thE-'-corni:o-rstOne of:alt persp~ctf"'es, thl:"reby enabHn~ ~ral-xt::.t-~unanism to trl!lY

respond to all pa-rticulars of the oh1£tctive si:tuat{on.

As Raya w~ote tn her lette~ to thE' Youtht

The. Year 1982/3 ts crucial.. These facts r:lust- find fu_rther ~rttCulation.-.so that "'three hooks, not. one" is not just rhe-toric but spells out that total uproottng that reQuires "three books, not one'-' .as its 0round. The eonereti.zafion of this, Just thi:s, •.

· wtll not be just sales of books 1 ever-wider disserntn.atton of ~-iarxist-Hu:nan{sm throu;;hout the world, but such i;rowth of membe-i-ship that Harx'5 philO.sophy,pf -cevolut.iofl, not the party-:-to-lead, .wf.lt-·· st~rial the coming of the revolution itself. · ·

II!.

At thts point we have Mt-F and Pf.R in hand and thE" new book is on its w8y. ·

P_y· just gi.vtng space tn our paper for adveorHsin; these new.books ·we wi:.tl not

be able tO create new readers for them. The question ts net ju~t ihat of ftridlng

readers for the books, but catching the uniquene3s and novelty of the -c~tegortes

~thin them as ground for :nemb~rshtp growth. The worktng out of eatego~{es. iik~ post-Marx t-!arxtsm, Harx's philosophy of revo!uti.lln-tn .. permanence, and JtOsa Luxem-

i . . . . . burg as femtntst are important for Iran, and und,erstandtn&· their signifi.canc~

_for our revolutiOn will certainly be a part cf t.h~ deovplopnent of our pape'l'., York

on four hiato-rtc moments in the revolutioner:,.• movements of lran--1905-07,

1920-27, 1950-55, and 1979-today:---hAs already started tn E&A and we will dr~w­

frcxn these historical hi:;l~potnt_s lessons f_or. today. We expeet that the theo~ Tetteal/ort;antzatlonal work on these htstorteal htghpotnts and the cat~~~or\~f

mentioned fro.n. the ne'" book will r.1ake th" projection of our philosophy so eo'!crete­

that_tt wttl lend to a :n uch More eo.~preh,enstvr diato·,ue within the- t_-ranian ~eft,

a di.nlo_:ue- whi~h over the past ye-ar we have- not lieen much fnvol.vt"d fri.

7583

: auch·::a_s: COnfe1:tnc·es ;· S~mt nars r· ·arid , the_ l~a~h t n,;-t_On: COnff.T.eriC·e ·or;. -.-,·c19~~--~St'rti'-;_~~fe·-·: ~:· :and thE>rr~~tA11- nevolutfOn:" lla"S.'bee~ a-b8st.s :f"o;·us -·to t8ke. fhc-··rto-o·~~ trt~rcf~i'

. _:to_ fo~~~-~'n'ew::tont·ac·t~.-~ t~ --peo-r-te' ·-"snd to_ ft~rid- new re_a_~,e_r~·~: ~ .~~~ ~-~s-~_-_:_t·~~~-~--~~,--:_:_ :,,Y_eaTS> E&A _h8.s··foun'd- .··o\:e::-: 250 _--sUbsci~ bt'£s ·and dis_tr1 but_ed 1000 J:o_p.'e_s_-of- ttf~ .... _ ·-. ·:_­. -. pgpe,~ -:p~l: --f.~S~e-~- -·-_· E.~ .. ,i ha.s a ::_.eey~ dtfrt~utt·'yo8d ·atl·eai 'dUrin&"': ·tne· ri~X-t-·~ye~r·-/ ~;,~~{-~

_-_,'• -- ._ -· ·. .;~ • ·.- -. -,' -' .. , . , , :,c.- _, .. '• --"'·)·· .... _, rus and' take ·or.;:::antzatt_onal_ responstbiltty for the

: :{deas· ·oL~!arX!st~H;_~riism· this ·ca~riOt --be· dorie·; :T~Us~· a'ttro~ki'ng' e'v~r r:l~r~-;·re~~ - olU!'tOruiiies~· tn _the- yf.ioar a~ead ts·'of t~_e· 'giea_t@St ·st~Tttfic:~nce: 'tOr· thf. ·iu'tt:e~·t.·· unfoldtri~: of· our' _ uni_que form of :ye\rotUttOilary journalism._

.. - -' --.·-

>.-

7584

-25-Report to Ne_ws and Letters Convention

September, 1982

THE :SU'CK-DINENSION IN·THE.SOUri TODAY _,., .• bY Charl_es Denby, Edito-r of News &" Le'~·teis

·-.. --I want to give you_ ·a ·pic~ure of what is happerli~. it!_ -the

Mike and I saw it'·-- on our trip there· two weeks -~go~ There are_~rgen_t _prObt~ms in ... ,Low~d~-s Co-untY, Alabama, and all across the Soudt.:· And the·P~oblei:ca !-i:e

<r not-: onlY·. abOut :-_rtlciam_, and. unem'Pt~ym~~t or aboUt the tOSs ·'o{ B~a~k~~ed~_ l~Sqd ~­Th~y;-~r_e.- :'llso_. about. the loss of a dirE!octiQ41 for the co·Vem·ene.:·

:o· . ~ ~- : Be.fore_"we had. •even gotten- .to my s-istei' 'a· hOuse in·· Lokn'de~° CO~rity-;'1 ~e

~·

1- '. -, -"" ; ; !·.·. ' .. _. stQpped 3t. thcdrome of .a recent ·subscriber-~ to Neua b Letters~ .Garderiia White. . . . ·• . . . . " . . . You ~av~ ;.read her ~articles- this year. ·She_ ·be:&an ·t~lliiiS'' US ·abOUt· the siF.U~tion -J:~_:t~e fight _to gat 'i:id of the white•Probatii Judge...;.-JUd8;e"Hammonds~ This ~n catne to ~owndes County :some 30 years ;go,. ·drivi~g an old be8t...;_up ':(li.~k.;_up tx_:u_c~ ,and,. got. ,a job hauling graVel;. After -5 or 6 years 1 tie .-b~c'ani~ :ProbS.te

_Judg_e,,_.and started. building up his own land- h-oldi-ng'S. And he WaS '~i~v~~·:: "he

t~ied_ to. act liberB.l and he went to John nu~~tt 1 s inaugur'~tion,. the only _white

. in ~~des County to ·attend. So quite a fe~ Bla!Zks thought thCY, had ~ lib~~al on thei!= side. But what. was so· surprising to me· was _to see how today·~'the_

·~- Blacka_,_in _Lovnd.es County are divid~d intO ··two· factions~-- and figh~i~g ·,;;itb each

,otb~r __ ove~_ this Judge. ·j I felt th~at both s'ides· hnd t;o_tally fo:t"eotten the'·

.,-:' -C::ivil. Right.s~_MOvemenl: -of _-the· 1960's,· and how· they- had- i;otten Where they ~~e-~ .. If y~u .. look at the South today~· there is much that-·has· changE!d for the.

, bet:t:~r.. You don '.t._h.ear of the KKK- terror as you did back then.· There S.re· no

.s~sregated ~ccomodations. Voting rights are Occe?ted 'as if :they

from the beginning.of time •. And·most i~portant--there is rea~ly co~sciousneos,. especially ~,ong the Yo~thw

a -,;,ew BlaCtt

' :S~t _with all this there arc -also many probll.>:-:~s~ some worSe- t'han, they­

wer:e. in the 1960s. The white .. ncwspap~r, the l1ontsomery AdVertiser,' i.s as

racist_ today as~it va.s the dny back in 1953:when:they prlnted'the leaflet ~the ' . _. - .. -. f' students f.rom Ala~:uuna State wrote to· protest· Mrs•.' Rosa Pdrks' arrest; that tnore

than anything else is what started the P.ongomcry Bus noycott'. This yefil:- i:b~Y actually w-rote s.n·Editorial saying that slavery was· "ail idea·ahec!d 'of its

.~~me;•_, __ _becau_se it showed, "gem~tiC sc:rccningu of workers • since. Bt3cks· CoUld

statld_ wo_rk, in _the hot sun in the fields better than lo."hitE"sl And-th.~·:daY,-:aft~r wo arrived, they wrote an article -about 'the triat·Of a Black man in sCl.rr.S' '' arrested for calling a cop there a member of

1the KKK: ·The judge sentenced ~he

Bla~.k man to a week in jail and gavC h.i~t a. f~~eJ nnd the AdVertiser ·blasted thl!! j~dge for giving hi: ~uch ~ l~ght scntl!nce.

7585

,, -26-.

We met with o~e of the ele:mentary_·scliool _t.e..ucheJ:s---in Lowndes County.-_ She

was c·elling us abou~ ~n ~rgu_meD.t ~he-_ .8.nd. a. w_hite woiDan --teacher had,_ be-e au~~ the_

white· teacher W80ted the Black teacher to- u_s-e "Mrs'." w~e~ t~l~ing to h_er, -but she wanted to call:_ the BJ.ack .teacher "florence"_;. The -Blaclt teach~r felt that

·:'it\.ro~-ld take a revolution _to change· some· of- these atti~udes •. -; __ .~.--~,. The ~~~: th:;,ng_.-th~t yoU-. cou-ld!l~t 'hefp. ~ut-_ nOtiCe·.l-IO.S the Unemployment_ -It

is ·!5.:Per~~nt. in Montgome-ry, a~d- iii._Lowndes County--they. say--that·· 39%·'-~l:e~~·oUt of ~~~k-~-" ~~~~~ _·i~ _is_-higher. than that. ~- ~cu s~e ·many :Bl.Sck':jouth lianiiilg_~ \ ·

'--' '"· around withOut_ a job, and theY say now

c?~-~d- te'a~e. Lo.,;.des c'ount:y a~d the rest

drugs are bei~:use·d·.· All--mY-life ·you

of the rural So'uth -and move· Noith :> t~ 'Pet_rOit or _Chj.c8go, o-r .. .it least to s~me industrial city in the South. ~But

. -·~ · ~ t~d~;-_ ~li~r~ ~~e.-~~ jobs .i~ the North, and the· few jobs in·. MontgomerY or :selma . . ' ' /'

are.~~ dQ.meSti_c~, __ or,)~st abtJve it, _and pay $_3.00 ~r $4.00 an hour.

-~~ biggest issue _that everyone is talking. about· is the loss Of Bla'ck'.:·

oome'd land. :this is one of the lnain reasons for .the .. unemployment. Tbs. .. small

fS:rUls 'cartnot surviye, and they are bought up or fo'reclos;ed, and' then the next

generation car.'t J)Ossibly farm. You see _the waY land .is owned by ·a:'few'whtte

. i8.ndowners now, ?r bought up bj t:he Containe=. Division of Continental- C&Tt Co.

for. pia~t-ing pitie trees • We learned that one man--Judge acimmonds-.:..OwD.s ·

. 35,'~~~ to 4:o,o~o ac-res .of. w-it:h unl:'::gi::ti:rcd-: -,,

deeds. I w"?uld like_ to _know how_,this is so different from Bl Salvador,. :Wh1i'n five~: " . -- _.-,

the coiJnty. end. has more .l3nd

or_~~ix ~bite families o~ over 50 percet~t of the land in the :.CoUnty? When·r

was a you!lg_ man I vas convinced that the majority of the-land-was Black-O'~~d.

Now it is owned by whiics who plant soybeans up to the front

used .:to farm, but now only can rent the house they live in.

There is a movement all.- across the South now to stop the

owned land, and .to find ways -to .providt:! jobs for Black youth.

door

losS

lh

of BlciCks'Who-

of Black.;.:

both'·LoWndes

County and l~acoi-t Cou!'ty,. Alab~ma., they are 'trying to

ju_dges who have .stolen Black land. There is a' &roup

Fund• _:which. is. trying to help individuals in trouble,

h~lping them short of a rP.volutionary change.

t?row out white prob8~e

called the· Emergency:·~and but I cannot see anything

'. ' We attended a meeting in Tuskegee, in Macon County, where they have a!"

Bl£ck civil right& fight:er named George Paris, running for 'Probate JUdge ag~itlst ... ;. -·a-wl.ii_t.:._·-.:.:cook named ~reston Hornsby. 'Ihcy say that the way t.his 'judge--getS

Black-owned land is that when people buy ~car fro2 his used-car lot,· they~ I

put up. t~eir land for collateral. Then' if theyican't pay- hg takes t:he land •.

I was shocked' tc learn that it is a Black taWyer frout Montgomery,. Fre~ Cra~~

7586

-27-

who' was a -lawyer for ciVft rights wo-rkers during the Montgomery Bus Boycott, - ·:whC/-is=nOW--r~p]:~'se~ti:Og(Hornsby in' ~h~se l'~nd. c~Se~. . '- _, . ;·

__ ., '·What· I 'be&.an· to feet'~as .that "the split .i~ _the: Bl~c-k· movement ·-t-Odav. . . - -· ,··is -the i:toat seriou's piobl~~ ·we h8.ve face-d. .lust. a fev years a~o -_~he_r_e _____ -.~~s-:.

,; -gre·&.(:hOpe·,· but 'no\-t there is so much 'confusion. ~oung Black po~it:_icians _a,re

sayih&~.-thro-,., out' ··ehe- old· Black le.adel:-s, saying that they give secret e_uppof_t

-::·to·~ Wh;t:Cs ·~ike Judg~- HiiDcnds ~ -BUt: . .;.h~t: t ~ce. _i_s that· th~ ~e~. _ieade~~- -~~~~:~ot much better. They _are just hoping to put t'hemsei~es _in,_ withOiie· really> ati::icking·

: -t~e --~yStern ... ;. ·ney~ h_~~~ forgott·e_n· tt:at; ~h~~-- ~~d-e ~h.~~- '6_0·~·-- s-~ .. _ex~i:ti~~--was_-_~,~~~edom nowlu l:iiSi:e&d;-.. :Wh"At··-Mik~ · -~~d- :i· kept hea-ri~g fi:oro. the rank~snd-fil~. people·~

. . ' - •_- . . --we ·v~Si~:~~;~:'.iir t~-~t ·theY a!C diSgu-~tet:!·::.iitp bo~h. faCtions •. _

. ·I he.d :a firm·discuSaion with· th~~ youitg; ·£:lack_· l~a~~rs! the Lf:."es-. J:.roni- ~o.'f~ite­

-~811;, _ ··: :~oini:ed Qiit ~ciw_'sNcc came. iiito Lownd_es County, and .uo one there hild

ever heard of SNcc:..··cosby and -other~ a~ked me'. Who thC~~--~·Should WOr~:Y.i.i:h, SNCC;

or _scLc_, ~ri_d···r s_Up:Por~ed sNc;C _.as ~ grass-roots --_Org~niza.t;~on. I· supported ~tOkely be5=ause he.rai!Jed the 1conn:ciousness ·of· tbe·peo:>le in So ·short a time~ BUt;·,! ex..;

Pt~i~e'd- ~~:(_I spiit f~Om S"tokei}· too.: . H~ W~s yelling ·that if the Black Panther

Party loF-t the election, he, Stokely,. ~oUld be.-.the P.:osecuter, ·the. j~d&e, ~he '~xecutioner .. - I knew too wel.-1 ~hat this meant. I wa~ am one_ today; I was -for r~Volur.icn then and new. But

tor. it_ h8.a . to be- carefully Worked

n 1-larxict-Huma~i.;~~ • ~~. I.

I ~know tliat thC Pr~'p~~at_~:o_n

from the-masses of people· e~d not out,. ·fn thought ·and in·:action·. It ha's'-·tq·-come out· of- your head. i~told Stokely 'that.-G~. -

' ·- i' .-Wallace was· just .waiting to issue an' order to his state _trc)Oper~ to·

Lowndes Co1mty aod annihillltP.. the'le Ii!Acka.

.. home, , he would. be gone.

Lo~mdes County was. nOt

go into

St~k~lY'' {:""

This was the beginning of the Civisicn between lenders aild r&nks in ''t~JC

freedom movement in- the cot:ut:y. I tol.i them that I had known and 'believed: all.

--. :ny-life that if ;a people is sitting waiting~ for a Moses to lead them out of . . .. t~e wilderness, _·then ·that ::er.le Ho~cs ca:t lc.:1C 7hem bacl_~- into the wildernes~

again. But if they keep Dtrug;gling: and. thinking·llr.d· find the way" out them!elves,

nc·-one can lead them back in again, This is what I .wrote ebout Stokely in"•

Indignant Heart: A Black Worker • s Journa1., nnd it. is whet, Ray a· has been ~pe~kin·g

,about for year8 on the n~ed for a ph~losophy of revoluticn. SevSral of these

_young.leadera bought subscriptions to~· buc I ·don't-know if they are _re~dy

to change their direction the way they need to chnnga it: ,, It,is.urgent that a new direct~on be found, and nOt just for Lowndes

County. Wall~ce is running for Coverno~ ~g~i;~, •nnd trying· to got Bi3ck aU,Pp~!'t.

7587

-28-

-·He ·:ra· · tryirig .-sC{ hard~ -that so~ are saying he -will lc_>se because. racist whit~s think he iS too· cloa.e to Blacks. He went __ t"o the SCLC convention,_ hoping_ fQr

support· there • and one of_· the memb_ers ·~f SCLC asked h~~ to_ sign a ~eti~~on .. !or

th(!. 'reiease-··-C)f 11-r's ~-- Bo~~ma:n ·a~d MrS. Wilder- from _prison. These ~re the_ w:o~n J8iled·-·f_in~:Vote~- registT_a-tion work in- Pickens Co~~t~. Wallace _signed the __ .:·

p_etitiOn',~_'l:)Ut·_-a:a, s·Oon· ··:is it hit the _papers that he signed; he tri~d __ to_ a,_y ~e '·':thOugh( It:' was jUs't·· a~ ·atieOg~~Ph. ~·io -- ''"' ··:rher~- _ar.'i;- S~o:,·. many Black Politici.Sns fSliing for Walla~~ ~ha~. I,vas ·"

•• 1'-- ''ti'C.Ve''r -SO -~i~d · ·th~i- when I·_ i-ead·· What- Rev~- Lowery answered against: hiJ!I:

1 ;:.-·:n:i-·--c~~: fol:_g-iVe h-i~ and ~ay 'Yes' to Wallace the human bein&. but I must. say 1 no' to Wallace the candidiite. · As he began to" spe'ak.~ I begim to

_.,: feel_ ~nger .. _as I-_ remem'l?er_ed _him standing in the. schoolhous~ door tiying to block black children from attending public schools_ •. If ._he~says he __ made

...... -~a .mistake ·.aiid: asks"- forgiveness; I ··fOrgive.' him a·s ·a: huicaD. being.; .We -loYe' the sinners. though we hate the sin.. But as a ·candidate. he represent@

- Wallaceism; ·he ·cOnjUres_ up all the negative images of the. Past.. ;' _!,} -.I ·can't sUpport ·a ·candidate who representS· the ·shadows 0:; the p'ast',

not the light of day,. Then, when .he began to confess his mistakes- and;::ask, almOst beg, for votes; bo~h the sadness and the anger lef.t, and the _s_ituatiOn began to seem humorous iri ·the ironic s'ensc. · ·nere we were black Pcople.-_being so~icited for our·votes by W'allace.n · ·'·

This.·: is the situa:::io~- of politics iri Alabama t'?day. It makes you detCrm~ned to h~lp bring _a philOsophy of revolution_ there, to -See that all th"Cee Q:f- Raja'"s bookS' _and Indignant Heart are- s'preui:i across ~he- st:.Ste. We spoke about . this .:.

·tp _oUr best in~ellectual f~ien·d there,. a professor .at ·Alabama State Who:_s~tlt 'two days· w-ith us and went __ to Tuskegee. Yet·· She P-ays she- c:ari 1 t ·discuss MarXism

" : ..

wit~ p_eople in ,Alabama. She has a lib:i:ary_ in- her -Study full o_f liarx and Leni,q

and Mao, yet_ she say::J that Marxism will never be accepted.here, t:h.at she warits

to. be "ind~pendP.nt". of Marxism.

To answer her we simp~y told her what we had been doing for the last week

in Lowdnes County 7

' to. Mo!J.tgomery ~. _We

out in th~ "country" -that: is considered 11backvard" compar~d

told her- how we had met lot~ Of new ;People who had' naver-·seen our··' n~wspapcr ~efo~e, People did not ask who Marx was; the:r_,know that.

and how excited they·were.·

They did ask who Rubel was 7 or Hobsbawm. They were interested i~--~~e uhole paper and in Marxist-Humanism.

The best discussion~ we had were t~e ones about ~· Many of them were'' vith people wb.o were

It is important

have in N&L all ~

disgus~ed _ wich

to many people

the- old politics ··and looking for something -new·. that we could show them the articles we

·year about the South. ~f the Vot;~g~Rights Marches and ~n the land

~~ got 1 re?orts on both

_quest~o_n., bn the Tchula 7 -·and 'on womcri · in the South. But wha:; was

were thinking about,wheth~r

tha most exciting

they~ should 1buY. a

thing -was to see· pCop-ie -~ho­

~ubscr~ption, read the_whole

7588

··~---··---'--·--------

-29-

paper,. nt.?t. juat the articles on- the ·south. The people Who··· had alreadY re~d­

·Indigri.ant Heart and knew me_ as the author of that bOok, now saw me alao as the

edi~or of a MarxiSt-HUmanist newS-paper~~-- ·others· _who; had never read Indignant

Hea~t began to study.-it when th~y saw our paper. One young Bl_ack·.man ·fro~··,

Marion Junction began to read. it, then they .left and went to a disco, but he

stood outaide reading the book for 'neariy an b'Our under the- sti:eet lights. bf!cause

it va~- .too dark and no.isy .to read- inside. He Wants to writ~ about--hi'S ·o~~: lif·~·~J: • ·- .. ·.-· ---:: ' .:- ·, ~--- - .: . _ _.-. _· .-----·. --- ..•• :_·• -",_,- •. ,·~- : ·'_;·'-<·,':_~~~-= --·

·HiS ft·ie·nd·:.is)a hospit&.l wo_rker .3t· Seluia .-MediCal :center. She imlDediatelY :r~Od · ·-. -- ,".7/-' - ' ~/-' .-.': .• - -,:·- '.• •· .. -- ,.;._ ,._. - '.- . -~":·-.;~_ . • •';

the_ Uomen 's L-;beratioO., page--b~th the article on the Silv~rado·. dwids and ~~e ,. -one. on_;~Margaret Fuller. The next _-d~Y-~she·- s-aid: that-. ~-~h~ ~t with her friendS

-at t~~~'~ht?~~d-tal, talking about the low pay and the disorganiz_ation there.- ~ey want to get together to write an artic_le for ~~

If you think womentS- liber&tion is only in the North or.the cities, yoU . :

should have ~een the women at~ t,he meeting' in Macon· County, .speaking openly

about· feminism and affirmative action. I saw a-woman running for sheriff. there. ' . ~ .

She._is the-only one with any ·sense, running against three: men. One of the men

aaid that be should be elected because he was a Green Beret in Vietnam and knew

who to kill. But the audienc~ was applau~ing the woman and another woman whO eaid she was proud to _be a feminist.

Let ·me tell you about some of our other ~ubscrib~rs:

We also talked with -a worker from Da~ Rive~ Mills, the only textile pla~t in Lowndes County. He was speaking about the conditions in thc_s~op s.nd t!le:

token ,'!1_11Y they put·_ Blacks. in Supervision. HC had tiied i:o organize. ·a union

there and was fired;- but-now ia:back to. work.

At Al.lbamaS_tate_ University, the Blac:k schoOl itl MoD.tgcmery., w_e met one, _

young_-~tu~en_F•. Ralph, who wants ·eo start- a Black iSsues. dis~u~o~oD. group, o~!~idc the-official speakers;. He bought the Black 'Illoug!'t pamPhlet· Snd- :aid he wou~d like to bring Lou Turner _or.myself.to speak ~here. I hope that--Reya_coUld gc!,

- _.- . i' .. · there on her tour. t.Je asked ·him. what he wanted• &nd he,S&id.he wanted."revoiU.:.

. . _., .·\ _r tionary ideas." '

In- all we sold. .$65 iit literature, including 15 subscriptions.; Many 'of ~h'Gm-­nearly all of them are learning about Marxist-Humanism for the_.first time, arid

they want .·to ·atudy it all• One "'Oman ~as rea"ding the paper_ and · ohe · be~~n _·to :read . - " - -• -- '

outl.ond:_the poer::._on· t'r:o_ 'Ola:r in L.:bcinon- by a -Jewi:sh ·'rcVo-iUti.~nary. So I fee.l

that -the relationships can begin on a_ new ~evel, 8 tot~l. 1~\·e~. I, know that

th~ ha-rdest part: for us, -especiillly from ,fa.C avay, is follow-~p._ But. I _hope :·

that this' year we will have arti-:.les .in •N&L·.evcry~ it<sue from friends in _-tha Sp~th, ,. -- ·' -'~' ._ - . ·:- ..... . ·'

-·about ti-ns struggl~s, ._and, abOUt their ideas on Marxist-Humanism. That is the one

way I know and under~tand the Q.Ca~ing of !io year! Of Marxist-Humanism fo%- our

work in the South. 7589

-30- .. ·' i:·

. • ,!· ~·.;>:· -. ,_~•::A:::.:.-~

I N D E X~· 1' 0

···-

LlTTER~ ~;:!<: ... ·.· ..... ~ .. · ... ''.10 .. ··~·&·

'TIIe,:~oot ofNiankintlls~an~ . ~·; · ~~'' . ,.

Jtine-July, 1962 ' !l ••

i· :.; .; -- •l' ~- • . . ..-. . ~ '-; .;I ·.i '. - '·. . ·: ;-_ ;. . '. \_ ~ - • • • - • !, .

. -· Th.e_ follold.ng index_-to :the ·-:first, blue:;-bowtd VOlw:tB ·or News'& LetterR!

Cov~rlrig; ~e ~~a:r~· 1955-1962, ~nect~ ~he Myriad' nOw pOinte of'·dePa-"PtUre :< 1n f'a~-~t-HwJ~a.:ti~;. practiced on.~~- --~r.g~1ng-. ba.ais ·in· the· pa.Pe·r .;..:: the :·worid·

-.. -.·-.:.·- . :_.-,. ;,;_- ·: ' . . . ' ' ·.. ; '~ .- . •' . .._ ;; ·i'. ~ historic ewnts .. erupting'in mass movements··and.-revolut1ons, ·and totally_neU'. "'; :_:---- :·-. .,;:·~-;. _, • '_,·' '1,

~g1nn1ngs ,in thought., - '.,_ --~ '"

.. The··_:!.ndex.:1S,not-m8ant to be corr.prohef\s1ve,- _bUt to "indicatfll :~os':' ar-._­

ticl~s. -ill·· Naws- & L"etters --.particularly- ·the 'l~a'ds, 'edi toilals 1 - '~Worker• s_. · . -·· .

Joumal" and "Two Worlds" columns, and i"eatu.re articles wf11_ch best re~

--:~88!J~ a :oa.tegozi.

'

· ·','. 'lbo~· :t:ef~~nces· af'ter eaCh' index -~-~t~ ~pl!esedt th& volitm&:._"ilumbei-1

. -1:ba ·:' fhaue~~~~~~ ~n_d_.*.he;page n·~ber o_ri.'.whtch- the_·_~rtlcl~--~ppearS. (A-:g~de··~{ ·-~ .

• ·,· •• · __ .. _, - . • •• 1'1

· re1it1n.; =~n:th/yC~. to: \"Olu.::C/!.~:a~ ~-!o pr!ntad -ioN=.adi;:. ~;;;ly · b;;!'wr.:;: _t..loG :· fnd&x_. ) ._:-The ~f~~~-oe~_ .. to _ ~ya_· oun&.Yevakaya' s- columns arid krticles are undeZ.li~.;~;j;- : ·-·: ~

f, r "' .. ••

7590.

.· __ ~:~ ~~~ 1~~~5 ml . Jul); :!2, 1955'· · 1 J)

,. Ailg,'"Si· -1955 '"1 4 Aug; 19, 1955 1 5 Sept. 70:.1955 1 6 Sept. 21, 1955 1 7

,,, ; 'Oct~· .5~; 1.955'."- 1 8 ·.::;"•c·cLOct·,:26, .1955 • · 1 9

Nov. 11; 1955 1 10l Dec. 9, 1955 1 11 Dec, 23, 1955 1 12 ·Jan. 6, 1956 . 1 1)! Jan. 31, 1956 1 14 Feb. 29, 1956 · 1 15 l".ar. )0, 1956 1 16 .. May 15, 1956_' 1 17 '

Sept. 18; 1956 2(1 Oct; 2, i956 2'2 ·

.Oct.,.16, .1956 '2 3 . ,oat._· :JO, 1956 2 4 Nov~, 1), 1956 2 5 Nov. 27, 1956 2 6 Dec. 11, 19.56 2 7

, Dec, .25, -.1956 ·· 2 8 ·Jan. 8, 1957. 2 9)

· Jan. 22, 1957 2 10l. Feb;.:;; .19.57 . 2 11

,., •. Feb. 19; ·1957'· 2 12 ·· nor. s. 1957 2 13) l".ar. 19, 1957 2 14) Apr. 2, 1957 2 15).

·' '''' Apr. -16, 1957 · 2 16 Apr. 30, 1957 2 17 May' 14; 1957 2 18 June 18, 1957 2 19 July 16, 1957- 2 20

. _.August,-.1957 --- 2 21 - . . · September, 1957. 2 :!2

October,-.1957, 2 2) Nove10ber, 195~ . 2 24) December, 1957 2 25)

J4n, 31, 1958 March, '1958 Apr. )0, 1958 July, 1958 Auguat,.1958 Sept, )0, 19.58 Oat. ,28, 1958 · Nov. 28, 1958

ml, 3~6) . 3 7) ) 8)

-31-

January, 1959 Fe~~. !959-:: Marcli; 1959 Ajiril, .1959 May, 1959 June-JUly, 1959 Aug,-Sept,, '1959 October,. 1959 November, 1959

· •Januo.r.Y, 1960 Febrl:ary, 1960 !larch'; 1960 .· Apr11 0 1960 .

'·May, 1960 · ·June-July, 1960 · Aug.-Sept, r 196o

October, 1960 NoV..mber,, 1960 Deci:mber, · !960

Januaiy, 1961 February, 1961 l".a...-ch. 1961 . Apr11, 1961 May, 1961 June-July,' 1961 · Aug,'-'Sept., 1961 October, 1961 November, 1961 De-ce~~r, 1961 ".

January, 1962 February, 1962 March, 1962 April, 1962 -May, 1962 Juno-July, 1962

. ·-·---~~~~ :' ··4 ~)

;4 5! : 4 6 · __ .-: ·. 4 ., . 4 8 _ 49 ,. -__ -· . .

s 1 •5 2 • s 3 -s 4 55

-.- '-;

-~ ~~--58 ·. s 9 5 10)

.6(1 . 6 2

6 3 6 4 6 s 6 6 6 7 6 8): 6 9): 6 10)

7 2 . 7 3 ·, .· 7!1!····

74 7 5. ' 7 6) .

7591

-32-

.-Abol1i10ii1sis (seO also :Brown, John• Douglass, Frederick, Garri80n,: ~IDhJ. -· Ll:oydr Phf~Js~ .l:feitd0111 -Women's movement, rel~tio~ehip tO Abo11tio'ri18te},· 1(11ls5, 2 1 •2,- 7(2)o4

':_-. AC&demo•fieodom; 4(6)iO ·· Atrid;"<'~·ee als~ -Ai_g~ria;;·-:Arigo{B.; Ccweroonsr Egypts GalabiAJ chan'll·~· G~eU:, ?x.,nyar ---­

Mala.uir Moroocor'-lfigerini-,South Afriear Togot ~omen, Af'ricant YOuth. A1':t'i_c1ni Za.i:r.u c Zambin) · · · ·.

O:~l!lacl, ""':ri""• 4(9).•4, 5(4)11, 7(6)o1 -' ~ ~,·-. ' ' . . -

RU..~~a' s :-ole·. 1n, · .if.21i..2 A:f%1Cli_.; ~oatry, 6(l.)•7·.:

African 'rewlutionc,. 2(18).1, !!!!lu, 5(9)'o8, ~. •6(9)17 AMC.:, .-,;~cialism; !!i.lli.'i •. .ili.hl. ~ ArnO-As:rJW REVOLUTIONs; '4(6)1-;-6, £.<!ili.2, ilihl

. >:<>0-~"" o!._5(Slo6, 7(2)aJ .·

_., ~-·

Agriculture see China,' agrl.oulturaJ. communesr Farmers, da1r.rr Fa.rah~orkttri·• u.s., Populist move~~!:t..,- U.S-. r·· Russia~ agricUltural.: crisis in; South, USA,, ~ conditions. ··: '- · ,·- .

. j

Aircraft worl<ero, 2(2J)iJ, 4(8)o3 . .

Algertan: revolution, 1954. (see also .Franee · :relation to ·African .Colonies) ,-·1(13) sO, ~f~>:,;a, 2(4!o4, 2(19)~8, J(~)aa, J(a),s, S(6~a8,, 6(1)o6,8, 6(7)a7 •.. 7(3)s1',

Amertoan, Fede:ration -oi',.Labor-Congrsss or Industrial erg.;,.ize.tio,;~:(AFI.:.crci} (aeo also-~Conu"'l."'ess: o:f ·!."'!dustrl:!.l ·0rga.."'l1zc.'t!.onz)r 1(!7)•1- :---_: ' ,_

AmertC:a.n Medical Association (AHA), 1(15)o2, 6(5)•7 . '. ;

A:e:rlcafi R~volutlon; 1776- (see also Correspondence. Commit:tetta 0£,- ~-W!h' -_.B·~njar;\1n)~--; 1(16)o8 · ; . :- ·

All8ola, 6(J)o8, 7(2)o7

Anti-colonial stru,:;gles (se, .also AFRO-ASIAN BEVOLUTIONS), ~ . . '. ~-_Ant1-nuc1ear wr mo1ei:lent·· (see also Br1ta1n:r anti-war mOvement, Japan, &nt1~war _

protestsr Uuolea.r a.~s ta3ts a.nd protestsJ Scientists, oppoSition to· nuclear war• Women, in anti-war movementsr Youth, ant1-~r-att1tud8s and actiVities), 2(19)o1, .,2, 5(5)o2, 6{9)11, 7(4)o1 . ' : . ., · '•

Anti-S.mitie~, Ji!lL2, 3!7)oJ, J(O)oJ, ~ , Arab-Israeli conflict, 1(12)o1

Argentina, 1(7)o8, 2(7)o8, 4(7)o8, 4(8)o8, 7(4)o8 Art and revolutions, 7( 2) o5 Asa.numa, Insjlro, S(9)a4:

Asia see AFRO-ASIAN REVOLUTIONSr Chin~r Formos&l Hong Kongr India, Indonesia! J<lpanr Kaahmirr Koroar Lnosr Ph111ppincsr Singaporer Sri Lai>f<;>r Tibot,-Vietnam. .

Auto, rUnaway &'lop~ :l."ld ~la.nt -eloeL"t£s, 't(it)111;; 6(?)•1 UAW contracts, 195.5, 1(1)o1, 1(6)o1; 1(7)•3

7592

-33-

.• UA_W cont=cts, 1958,. )(6)s1, 3(7)11, 4())t1 '' ·t~~~- ;,;;ni.ra~t~. i9;S'i,'~(9)•4, 6(to)o2, 7(1)•1

' .·,:·'·~: · __ ~-l~t.o ~-~~~~: {~~- a{so: Aut~~ti~n';·. a.~to··'shop0~-~--Br1ta1n, a~"to' __ York~~- Italy, &\ItO wrlcersiii<Juthe>;, !falter, P.r UAII h~e) ... _.· _·.· ... · ... · . . .. . ..

· .. ;_,;,diti~~~-ci,''tJii. ib,;! 1"cJ)o1; 2(3)~1, J(carto.· · on>i_3(1.)o1,'4(3)~1, 4·(.7)o1, . 4(6)11, 5())11, 6(8}11 . ·.. . . . . . . ., .... -, .

ie.yofi'-., and o'("<lrti~o, ,1( 14) 11, ·s<:J), 1, 5(1o)t 1,. 6(6) 12, 6( 7) ot .. ·. --~--- ; ___ ,_-_,_··.·'-' ., .. -.- .... ~.-:,•;_ ·--·-. -','- .,_ -·-. - '· ._ .·- " . ·,

· aOdel changeover; 2(22)11, 3(6)11, 4(7)•1 . . . .. . .... . . ·· · :;_!.n·prod~oticm,.':relition to skilled auto)<ork.,rs,. 1(7)t3, 2{B)ol .

.Gniortty, 1(1J)o1, 6(3)•1 . · .· · •. -.• ··-. ;. ·., '1''1 t --·- ' .• - - • • - ' • '··

· idido&t.strik8s, 't(1)t10 1(3h:lo.2• 1(7)11,,1_(8)11, 2(23)11, J(4)o1,. 3(6)o3, J(7)o1, 4(2)13, 5(1)t2, 6(6)o1 . ··.· . . · . ·· · ,

Automat1~n- (See a.loo Marx, on -t'atttoma.toni:·, WORKERS BATT.r.E AUTOMATION)

· .. tt~m~;~~tatf~~>~s, 1~13)17, 1(1?)t4, ~. 4(3l•.s. 4(4)•1; 5(1)!1, 7,

'·. auto. shopa, 2(2)ol:· (cartoon), 4(1)14, 4(6jii, 5(1)12, 6(1)i1, 6(S)o1, 7(4)o1, . ?(6)i3 . . . . • . . .

'" ··_ ~- mlnes,-1{4)11,1(6)12, 1(10)14, 2(9)oz; 2(1'>)•1 (c:&rtcon), 3(1):2,., . 3(4)<2; 3(G)o2, 6(1)o2,. ?(4)o2 .· .

·gamont·shops, 2(23)•3 longshore, 5(9) o6 inRussia, 1(12)o8, 41~).s, ~

stool mille, 1(?).3, 3(7)ol, 5(4)12, S(8)o2, 5(9)•2 · strikes against, llr1ta1n, 1(17),6, 2(2)18, 6(2)•3

·ll&llaJias, geneml strike, 1958, 3(1):6 Bandung Conference of Non~Alignod Nations, 1955, 1(3)16

..... · Jl&rbados, 2(14) 16

Dolg1um, 5(6)o6, 6(1)o1, 6(3)•?

Bolarodo. (Yugo..iavia) .: Confer..nce of Non'-Allgned Nat1onH, 1961, 6( 8) 18 ' . .

Bell, Daniel, 6(10lt5 Benin see Togo. Berlin or1o1s, 1961, 6(7)1 3, 6(8) rB, 6(10), 1 ll1rth d0focts, 2(8)o?

Black 111atory, u.s., £{JLU, 2(1Jh5, 2(23)12, 3(1)o4, 4(2)<1, _2, 5(2)r?, i!(3)o6 ?(2)14 . '

·Bl~clc- -~ov!JmOnt (se~ ~so Africa and Black ~~~u~rica1 Nat1onal Aasoclat.ion for the Advancement of Colored People!. Negro American Labor Council I South USA

·he!!.di.. ... ~) - · ~ - ·

housing 1nto~t1on struggle, 6(6)o2, 6(?)o6, 6(9)•1 I

7593

-34-

··Biick ··aa,..~oeni-· (cO:it'd) -·· .. ~~ -- -·

and labor bu.-:oJ.ucto.cy; 1(13)16, 1{16}•1,· 1(1?)•1·5,' 2(2)15, :S6)i8; 6(2)s8.

l~adoro, crttiq_~.o of, 1(6),6, 1.(8)16,· l(9)i6,, 1(10)11; 6 (~em), 1(15)i1i • :. ,·.2(4)11, .. 2(15)11;' 2(10)11, @11 ........... ···. . .· ..... ··· ..• ·· .. , .

.. • at1d ~ri;-{ olocta7.n.l J?O:!i.tic•; 1(12)11.,1{!5)•4; 1(.1??tS, 2(l)i1:.2(2)~1, _i; ••. ' '•.- ·.·.,2(4)3., 2(5).1, 2(6).11, 5(6)11 . . • .. . .... •.. .• . . • ·•

·Black Muall.!no (lf~tion oZ :t~rJ:\); 5(6)17 . . -Black ~-o~~;- (seri: 0:1:~-~er.~~-:~~~- ·Ro~"• 'Truth-,- Sojourni~l Tubinafi, Ha~J.e·t;-- Wome~~ ·

AfriO"'n), 1(1l)!_!!, 4·(2)13 •.· : . · • · • · ·

Black 1tor:«>'co, fif;h<; cs;al.!ls~ d1ecrtm1r.at1on, 1(?):6, 1(1J)16, ~{7)13, ,2(10)r1, •... . .· 2(14)o3, z, h(?)r8 · :• · "

.,Black yot<t,'l, in c~;,ll "1~hts movement, 2. (10)11, !•(3)r6, 4(4)t6·, 5(3)r1, 4,.8, ' · · 6(2)11, (-(J)l6, 6(5)r6, 6(7)•6, 7(1)•1 · · · · , ·

Blacko,,,in ):he >Ulit-'\::y, ·1(5)o4, 3(?)•7 . , .. ,, .Bo:i.ina;4(3)18 , . .· .

. . B';;itttlD ,·;ee ale~ J.~tom•.ti.on, strikes•agO.illst, Brit&in) 0 2(7)18, .4(9)18

ruiti-o.porU.o~<lprut~oto ~nd boycotts, 4(7)12, 5(3)18, 5(4)i3, 5(6)o3, 6{2)1J, ~.J.u . . . . . .

· :anti-w'~r mo\'emunt,>5(1)18, 5(4)r7, 5(8)1;,,5(9)•:3• 6(2)13, 6(4)11 (photo), 6(8)13, 6(10)13, ~(5)17, z!2l.U . .,. . ·. . .

auto workcro, 2(13)16, 5(3)•3," 5(5kl, 5(6)13,' 5(9)s3; 5(10)13, 6(2)s3,. . 6(3)•3. 6(5)13, 6(7)13 . . • . .

coal miners, l(BloB, 6(3)•3 Cc::J!lunist l'o.rty,, 5(8):3, 6(Bl•3"·. doc~orkcrs, 1(9)18,,2(8)18 elcctrtcnl "'"::o:rc, 6(5)r3, 6(9)13 ~c1~ in~ 3\6):2, 6, a, h(J)•J reUru:td ,.,,..;,c"", 5(1)130 5(3)13, 5(10)13 ra:lk-M<! .. xUo confersc.oa, 6(1)1J, 6(2) 13

sea.mon, 5(8)•3: shipyo~-n ti-ork·Jrs, o:L,·dao1do'•C·'!m1eli; 2(12)o6, 5(1)13, 5(6)13 · eh.)p s~::rr.:-:t'li:J' :J')':o:ncm·t, 3{6)s:j;'.S(9)•3

"Br1t1sh Laoc"".llo>~s", 5(1)-6(10)•3 Brown, !~,._.,g1 gC!!h.2, .z.<.ihl Broon, Jol1n, 3(1)o6, 4(5)12, 4(9)16

··nuncha;- P,z.lph1

6(2)!...1- ___ :

,.

Bus boycotts sco NonJ~nary Bus Boycott, _South Africa, bua_ boycott;_ ·south USA 1

-bus b::~yco~!o.

Cab' drivers;. 7(6)•3

Canoroons, 4(1)o>,·.5(2):8 ·

7594

-,.."

-35-

C....paign for_ Nuclear Disa:rmwi!Qnt (CND) see llrits1n, 11.11t1-war oioveent:' ' .-~mp.Da.\r!d·su.~t see-SUmmit m~et1ngs, u.s. and RWisi&. Cancer, 1(14)•2

Capital,- conccntmt;toncand ce_ntrslization ot:0 1(1o), S · -; "~· ):!APlT~_ ~e Ma.J.?c, Karl •. : , -'

Castro, Fidel, 4(2)11, .5(1)11, 5(8)1,2, 8, 5(10)•5., 6(.5)•4 Categorie .. ,_ ·in phllosophy, .5(8)1 1 .

ca~iC?li~_-._QllU"ch, -'.'J(2) ;a~- 6(.5) :a· ··-

·, r l_--\~~a~sen_:in-:~unioriG~;- of· "Old -.xad1c9.18", · t<fD~ 5, ---2(141 r's . '· .. · of- mnk-and-£1le, 2(1Jh1, 2(14)as, i(1.5)a1, '7(4hJ

Chiang Kll.i-shok, 2(20ll1, .z!.!..lu • '' · Chile, 2.(1?)a8

.. '•

. ~ .

Chins (see also AFRo-ASIAN llE~vWTIONSnlao Tse-tung: Sino.-soviet confi1ctr' . · Ststs•cepitslism, China), 2(1.5)a8, ?(1la)-8

. ~!cuHa..-:>1 OOD1lilunes, J(Z)•8, Zlll.!.:!. CoMunist Party, 2{21) • 5 eonditions of: life, 4(8) 18

Formosa crisis, 19.58, J(6)a1 "Grec;t-Leap Forwarct.", 4(7)"r8 ·

··'·ol!w.:ired. ·FJ.o ...... rs· :~paign", 2C2ol •1, .s(.,..rtoon); 2C211, s, :Zilli.l .. paasant revolts, 1U.l.!2 . Revolution, 192.5-27, .z!.!.L!!!:

Civil-rights mo~ment aee Black movement·,· South USA_ headi.ngs.

CiVil'. wai:,. tr,s,'; 1(16)!8, 2cu), s, :2(iJl: s, i.Z.lu . .5(1o)o4, 6(2) ;2; '6(J)u5 ·Coal, mine di~rs; 2(14)t1, J(7)a2, 4(4)12, 4(?)12, 6(3)a2> .- -- . --- ·, .,-,:! ' - .

. strip onin1ng,.6(9)o2:

lJII1( csntroot, 19.56, 1(?)•2, 2(12)•2 lJII1( contract, 19.58, 4(1) 12

Coal .r.oiners (se~ abo Automation,- e'aal mine~l Bri.U.in, 'ooal 10insrs1 Harlan County, Xentuoky: Le><is, Jolm L.r UMWA haadlngsr West Virginia, conditionS o£ life) black lung, 2(21) • 7 France, 7(J)aJ

Scotland, 4(>)o2, 6(6)aJ.

seniority, ~i;ikes ova~, 2(24)•2, J(?)a2, J(B)a2 Walvs, 4(Z)o2, .5(.5)•J

•'ilde&t strikes, 2(1)12, 2(4)ol '·. I I

working conditionR and sa:fety, '1('f}o1, l(lZ)a2, 2(20)t2, 3(3)•2; '4(i)&2,· 4(9)12, .5(10),2 , ..

Coal miners'. wiws, :·1(6)r2, 1(9)o2, ?.(19):2

7595

·36-

·Co,.hW.n0 J!s.rt, .•. 1'6'1'. •' ·.,. · ., · · :-O'fl"'' --,. ¥"-" • ~

Colombia, 2(25) 18. , ..•...

•!·

.~ ;.

eo.,.,un:lst InternaticnaJ., ~ --·.

CoJilJiluniSt Part.y ·see~-epeci:fic countries•· "lbfita1n;·'Chlha:11: FXali~~~-; r~.

~'Popular Front"' of·-Communist Partyr UNA, arid~ Comm~iat:'Party. ·-:~ __ ;_ .Conant, James, 4(2).t6 ·· .·' ·-' con&o ~e Zaire; .·.. · ,.l -- -· ,-,J :._, ·-- .,

Congress oi Ind.;,trial o~n1z&.t1ons (CIO),.Mu, 1(11)14; 1(1J)i6•·&!!lU .

eong,;,ss of Racisl Equal1t:7 (OORE), 5(10) o6.,. 6(5) 160 6(6)&1., 6(7) ai;- 6i" 7(1)12 · ' ,;- . - •. i· - .. ~- .. ~ -- - . -- -- - - ' ' - ·-- - .

Connolly~ J""'es, 1(10)"a7 , , • · ···'. ''·· Consthcuon work;;~, 1(6j; i, 4(7)s8 . . , • ' · ·

- CC?tltinuotie_·:mtnsr. see Auto.I!'Ation,· coal mines.

Contradiction, in Y,ao, 2(20)11, 2!!l.!.s..;_, ''~ i:'·In HaJ:i; :i(2Qi;i'' . . ... _ eo~:t::' ~ine:ra,- ic.sf:3, 4(9)13 Cgrreopond.eneo, Committoes·o£, 1776, 1(2)18

and 'f'reedom 1!JOV0m.snts. lli..2..!l c·uba, u.s. policy towa:rd, 5(1)11, 6(!;).1

.">

'•''"

Cubsn Revolution (see also Castro, Fidel), "4(2)"; 1, .4{6}18, 5(1olt 5, .6(1)12 .. . . . . . , . ·.. . . ..' ..

S(l)ll (carto~n), -~-' .

• 1: _. • • _- ' • ' ~ ' • -- ' - .- •• - • ~ -C;ypru.J,'anti-lir:ltl.s.'>· rewit,· 1956, 2(3)18 '' ·

:···-­.. Debs, Eugene Victor, 1(11): 5, ~ . . ... . . . . . .. . :-.

·DeGaullel ~les'(see also nance," antt-Ii~<::i;.u,~ .coup pro~,st.s);- J(4)o1, ,i, , .~(1 .1B,·!t!.Zl.!.i,.5(2)•1, '>• 5(6)160 6(-5).8,• 7(J)t1, 7(4)15. ' .•

. neRO~tic Party_~ -Biaek_ .. 01oVement~;- and- i)arty ~lectOra.i Poiit1Cs1 Election campaign, U~S.~ 19§0J Kennedy, John F~1 Stevenson, Adlai-.·- . -

Denby,- Charles(Matthew Ward), 1(2)-1(17) 16, J(6) 17 Depression, 1929, ·1i22!2 De-StaJ.Wza.t16n,_ 1(16}111 ,2, 2(1)a 5, ~. §L22.u

_ , DD!i:ts~~r .. :·.I'~~~ _6(1)',; 5-.-· DeVa~ere., E""'~n, 2(16)18 Dialectics, .iC.Jl!.:i Discr1m1na.t1on see ElacJc workerS,

DjUas, MUovsn, 2(8)18:. 2(22)oB,·z(2Jll5. ~ Dominican Republic, 6(10)18

Do~=-aa, Fr"..il.ericic, 1(11)15, _1(17)18, ,J(Bhf!, 4(9)16: Drug addic;tion, 2(14).11?. ' ;· DUBois, w.E.B,,.J(1),,., ~

"•

7596

•Dunayevskaya; ilaya (see i.J.so AFRO-ASIAN REVOLUTIONSj•. MARAISN·AIW FREiiiOOil)

Afrl.can tour, 1962, 7(5) •6 ·

camp"" t<>urs, 4(5)•6," 6.(4)•6

EAGLE'EYE, 1(14)'o6 > ··:

Eaet European revolt::~ see Ge:rmany, East, 1953 revolta Hunga.:ia~ Ravo1u:t:1on; ~oland. · ·. r· . · • ··

e · _; ,;~COl!OMIC!'I'I!ILOSOPIIIC MANUSCRIPTS, t844, see Marx, Karl;

Edue&tion; 2(12)1?, 3(8)•1 .Eicllal&nn trial, "6(6)17

•, · .. ·

E~t-hour dliy see !i&:rx; on working daYI Working day,. strll;!glo . :'<> sh~n~ Egypt (eea ei.eo lfa~ser, GaDal. Abdul), 2(1)18, 2(9)r1, 5(2)•8 , .. ;,,•' Etn~teizl, 'Al.ber~;·zci.2):s · · ·' · .· ,. · · ·· · . • · · . .. . ''· Ei:!enho...,r, D"1ght. D,, 2(10)14, 2LZl!..l, !ll.zl..U, 5(2)11, 5(~)!~, 6,(1)o8· Elec:tion campal.i;n, U.s., 1960, 5(6)1 1, .5(8)14, .5(9)•1·• Elirotr1cal w-orkers (see alaO ·:arite.~, -~lact....~~;t work~ I _Gerit!ral_ Bl~~~tric. · strike), 1(6)1), 4(5)1), .5(6)12, 5(9)12,' 6(6)12 · ·

Ex1steut.1a11si.s. (s_ee ~lao Sartre, Jean Paul), ~ _ "Ex-radioals", 1(14) r5

. Fa.ro:ers, daiey, 1(17)•3

Farmwo~kers, u.s., 2(21)•J, .5(10)•1, .. _,. .• Fast, _:Howa>.'dj .:ll.i.2..!.2 . .

FllUlloia:;,, wi41am, .i(16),s;'~ . "· - .. F.,od, relationship to he&.l.th, ?(4).•7,

:-~ ; ~-'.

For>~osa {see &.l.so China, F~rmooa crlsis), 2(19) 18, S(8)o8' ·. .. ··• • Franco ("see also Coal cl..ners, France, D~ulle, -~_CharleS, YOuth,- -France,--_:·'

. anti-DeC&ulle coup protests, 3(4)s1 (phow), . .li21.!.2, ·?(Z)t8 CollllllUnist Pro:ty, illl!.'i, :ll:tW relation 'to A;rtean colonies, -1(6)!8, 1(?)t8, 1(8)t8~. 1(15)•8, '1(17-)o8,_

2(5)!8, 2(•?)•8, :l(4)t8, .5(2)r4, 6(1)r6, 6(5)•8, .,o(?)•7, 6(9)a.B:.: etrikea a.~d unrest, 1(8)•8, 1(1))14, 6(5)r8

Fre~dom. of' the precs, 1.C..!2J..2 . Freedom Ridors1 6(6)t1! 8, 6(?)11i 6(8)16, 6(10)o1 1 7(1)a2

student support for, ?(2)•7 FREEDOM RIDERS.sreAK FOR TI!EMSE:I.VES, 6(7)11, 8 Fi-O.Im; 'Erich, 6(?).7 . .

. ,,

*A complete reproduction or !'Two W:Jrlds0• ~lWilo"'ls · is included in the- "aay&· Dunayovskaya Collection," Wa.yne Stete University -~ives of Labor History a.nd Urban Aff&irs, Detroit, Michigan (Voi. X, S~ct. III, Appendix II). /.vailable ...

-on mioro£!1m,- - · · · ··· -- ·--- "" --

7597

-38-" ..

Galvo..,,, Henr1quo 0 6(6)a7". ·

cdml>ia, 7<sJa1, 3, 6 Ga;.,;,ent workers (see· also Automa.Uon, garment shops), 2(10)1) ·

Garrtaon, llilltam Lloyd; Jl!l!.j, t'(UlaS, 1(17)a8, .:llillu Carvey m_ovem.ent, ~

_.;';': :- Geri.,ml' Ele&t'rtc strike, 196o, s(a)a2, 5C9) a1

Gemany (see also .Berlin orisie1 y?-~th, West Ger.oany), 1(5)a6; 2(7)a80 '~• '· · - 6(10)al " - - · . , _

. ae..,ky, Esst, 1(2)a8, 1{.J)a8

. Revolt,: June 17, 1953, 1(1)a8 ai.i'1illiliy., -weatlliii-iln; z(a);a -

Ghana (Gol:! cOastf'(ese also !ikrUmah, Goldberg, Arthur, 7(1)i1, 7(3)11

- Guate,..la, 1(15) oB; '7(3)o8 Guorin, Daniol, 1(1?)16

-G\11nea (seil'&loo_Ti>w:U,_ Sekou), J(7)o8 ·

H&iti, 2(13)a8, 2(19)o8,-6(2)a8 Ha-=ar~kjold, Dag, 6(2)o1

Harlan Co~ty, Kentucky, 4(Jla2

_.-, - ~- .

Ha.l:-:z:.i_n...,uton, M.!.e.~l, ':6(10)t6_ ,_

Ha&l'tb care and riledical_ benefits (eee "iilso AJ!erlcan I"Atdical Aseoo1&t1ont pt&ysi­_cians, U.s., Russ.ia, medicl:te in), 1(15)a2, 2(3)o1(~oon), 2(6).?,

,. 2(9)a7, J(7)o7, 6(2)a1, _7(5)o2, 7(6)o8 . Heart attacks,1(io)a2 Hoffer, Eric, J(6)aJ

.Hagol"'G~li.F,,, H14lo S, 2(20la1, ·l!.!l!.z Hspat1t1s, 6(6)a7

Herbert, Eugen~a, _?(2) •5

-~-~- sehoO~,a _eee. Yot.ith_, high school protests·. i Hitle~St&l:tit Pact, ~

Hoffa, James, 2(15)•4

Hong Kong, ant1-llr1tiah rovolt, 1956, 2(5)•8

Hospi"l wt>rkers, 7(1)i2, 7(J)a?, 7(6)16

Hughes, Lol>~tcn, 6(8)17 .. ,

Hungarian Revolution, 1956 (eoo &lo~ !lagy, Imrs), lli.l.!.:i, 2(6)a1, j(photo), 2(8)a4, 2(9)sj, a, 2(1o),5, 4(8).~, 6(1p).6 · . · refugees, 2(12).7, 2(1J)a4 ' ;

7598

· .•.

-39-

Hllngaey; 2(20)18, J(4)a8 ''

Hunger Mo.re~>, oet,;.;it~ l9)J, 3c?)a6 · ··. . . .. .. . - , .. - - - -- - ·_- ··-:·--- ;~· ' ·-: __ \ . :· -- '- - ', . . . ' - - ' . House Un-Anerie&li Activities Collllli1ttso (HUAC), 5(5)a8, 6{J)a1, .6(7)•7

.-,

.. . ,Inda?~j)~tl'i: -~~:~~n,,;r~~~·n), 2(7)11 .• _2(13)•8; zh!l),s, 2(zz),a, ,4(9>.•~:

- ._ •' ·- . . ··, ., -· - ' '.

Iri~1an·~-'·a~--~at1vs ~~~-~·-'"_ .. :; _. !;' •. ::::::- ••

IliDIGNAH'l' lll!lART -'slee'Denbi,' Ch&rles.' , , .• ,, Individuausk, 1(11)•2 . . _,,.

Ind4nea1~ 0 2(25)18, 3(2) tB . ·. ·. ' . -· ·; ''- ·' ." c . ; , "

·· Intsi;xstton S..e; lll.Qi:k. iiow11ent,' ,houa11l& 1~tsgratio~ ~~1~1 Little Rod<; ·· · · Ari:anoas (schoel 1ntegraticin· strugglo)! MO.rch on Washii1gton,' fer inte-

grated schools1 So11th US\ hoadl.ngs, ·· . · . · . ·.. . .• ;, · " • ':.. -. • •• ;__ • ,. .• ·• ',-_.,,_I --. ., '._' /, •. - ,~ ._ .... -·-:. • .

Intellectuals (ooe ·also. AFRO-ASL\11 R!i:VOLUTIO!IS1 State-capitsli""• _intollectuals ·- · in;_ W'orlcers-and.-1ntellectumla, rela.tionahip of)· ·- · ·· ···

in labor' bure:o.uoracy, l!§.lu> ~ •., · · · ·' . fl~at1 ru.upvn~1bll1ty of', .J..C!tl!...2,. :~ ·:\''"

Iraq revolt, 1958, J(5)a8, 4(4)t1

. Ireland (,...,&leo Connol17, J""osj, 1(11)t8. 2(11)t8, 2(16)t8, 7(3)18 '' ,E&sto_r.}lsbelllon_,".1916-,·~!(i6)a4,_ 2{16)ae· "

Israel (sse &lao Arab-Israoli conflict);· 1(11)t8, 1(12)t1, 2{9)!1. " .. - .

Italy, auto workers, 1(13)t1

Communist Po-~~. 2(5)t8, 2(6)t8, Socialist. Party, 2(1J)r8 ·:.

strikes; J(S)IJ, 4(2)t6

-~:•'~;IW,(!nduStrialCllcrkers o;f.'the World), ~("5)t2, 7(4)t3

Jamaica, 2(14)a8, 7(4)a6 Japan, 2(20)a8, S(1)t8

,: , ,_;anti-war p;,.,tes~s;~ 5(6)a1; 5(9)t4,' ':Wilu John llirch Society, 6(4)a8, 6(10)•7 Johnson, Charles; 6{2)a?

Jordan, 2(1?} ·;e·:;:.~-;·::~;:::~ 'l Ju..,;nlle -~~~lin~~e~i:,y;c:,( 9) tl

Kashair,· .2(1J)i8'

K&LL~d&, Kenneth, .5(5):1, '5(8)i1, 6(5}t6, 7

! ...

: .. ,,

',•-··

),

Kennedy, John_~!l ~(6)t1, 5(B)t4, 5(9)tl,llil!+, 6(6),1, 6(7)t4, 6(10)t4, 7(2)a1 1 :£UL!.l . : . · . . .

Kennedy, Robert, 6(6)tl>

.)

7599

. -40-

Keny& (see also Kimathi,· Dedan1 Koinange, Mbiyu1 .NJer1), 1(S)o8, 1(15)o8; . 2(2)o81 2(7h3, &!22!.2, 2(19).8, 4(6)o8, 5(2)o8, 6(9)•7 · .•.

"M&u ~.a.u" Revo1t, 1952, 1(2)o6, 1(9)•8, 1(14)o8, 2(8)&2 . Kenyat.ta, Joroo;:4(3)oB; -6(8)oB . - ' . -·

. ~':'!.shclie:f, }~ikiu, t<z;J'i• 9, &lli2. llihl, 4(7)•1, 5(2).1, s(a)o1; 2~ ---- it21!2. ~. 6 •• ~iS"(6TiT.6"...!.2.l..!.2 • .z.{§lU . Kiuntht, ne<!An, 2(8) o2, 2(13) •1

Klni;; Martin Lut.her, Jr., 2(6)13, 2(?)o4, 2(1o)ol, 2(2o),·1, 6(6)o6 Kolnange, tlbiyti~ 1(1)o6, 5(2)•8 -

Kor.,;.,: S(S)•B, 6(4).8, 6(6).8

Labor, lllental.and ma.nual, division bot.,....n, 1(12)•5, 3(1)13, .5())12 ' t · "r' " - ' -- ' ' ·- • ' ' ·

'· 'j>O>.'or, · ""d l-.1»nr, ·3(1)o1 -

LabOr Day demonstraUons, 4(?)oi t.."'.bor Pa,rty, _u.s •• _absen~ Or,~--_ ~drwo-Griffin Act., 4(7)a4, 5(4)a4 Lacs, 6(4)a1, •?(5)oB

Latin- ~:ae~ica· sc!e Argentlna.J Bolt vias Chile; Col.omb1ar Cuba; Dom1.ni~ Repubfic; Gua:taMlaJ .. MaXi cot u.s., ~xnlat1on to Latin America; :-_Venc~uela.. · -

Latin Alneri~:;...,.:,i-ts~ .5(10)aB -

La~ Vt)rkera~ 4(2~ !) 10 4(:3): ?- __ Layoff's Me -Au:tO Workers, l.S.yoffs a.nd O:yertime._­

. Lee, Bernard, 5(4)16

Lenin, :y,r, (see also AFRO-ASIA!! REVOLUTIONS), ~. 2(14), 5, 2(20)o5, 4(l)o6, .illlU. ilil.!.i .· -.· . ,· - .. . ·-HIILOSOPI!IC NO'IEEOOKS, 1( 12) s 5

WILL, 1(1J)a5, 1(16lo5

Levio, John L,~ 1(.5)o2, 2(4)a1(cartoon), _2,, 2(7)12, ~. 2(12)t2, 2(14-)o1, · ·. J(5)o2, 4\t)a20· 5(1)o1, 7(4).2 ; · •

LIBERATOR, 1(1)a5

Lichtheia, George, 6(10h5

Lin Hsi-ltng, 1i!l!J Literature see Af'rican.~etryl Melville, Herman,.

Little Rock, A~Sils (school integration struggle), 1957, 2(23)•1 (photo), ...• 4(6)t8 . .

LongshOl.'Omen, 5( 9) t6 Lovest.one, Jay, 'llil!2 · Lu~, Clo.!n Bootho, 4( 5) 18

LWiUiii'bo., F&tti.,;, S(9);s, 5(1o)to, 6(2);1, ~. 6(8)s7

I 7600

-41-

''_!;:.•.----...- .... ._,.-. .,_ ..

1(7).4, 2(14),1, 2(15)i5, 2(18)'osi. 2(24ii1; .5(6)•.5. 6(10)•4 McCarthyis:n,

McDonald, Daviu.' 4{5)•1• 4(7)•1 ·.·-.- ';'

-~~cShaner He.i-ry7 5(8)a3 _1

-. _._ .. ,\ ·•t

··MaloMic:(Nya.s:>l~ild} 0'·L>(J)•8 . ·•:. .. ·' , . . '.' f, i·. . ....

Mao .·Tsd~tu:t.~· (~~-~/'niS~~<.,J.~b~As:iAn-_ ·ru;vOi.tiTIONs, _ corltl:'adiCti~n.:' in Mao};~;·t(lo.hl, -· 2(19),a, ?.(zo),1, 2C21h~ • .:lill!2. z<1lq~a· · · . · . • ... :. ·• , .·

1-'.ari::h ~:1 '.l&i:hin$:.:on,:~ for integrated s~Oois,-'_19.5_9~ 4(4)_•?.. . - . :;: ._,.

Marcus~.; llorb~rt, 2(6).6, 2(11)t?, g.i§lU,· &.Lzl.ll. . "" , l'.arshali, 'Ilw;::good, 1(1)i4, 2(2?~·;L··

f'l.art!r., Hoi::cr, .lli.l!.2. · :··~--: Marx~ Karl (e:ee also- Capital, r,;oncari:tration and ce~tral1za.t1on C':f'"J La.bo.r:1power

and laborerr Cont.rtldlctiOnt iii Marie'; Rate of' .. pro:f1t,. decltne in), J(l)al, 2 - ' -· . ' ' ~:: _:,·_-~-·-!on, "iilitOiricitoil"~ '2(22h'i ·

huma~!.zm of, -_Sl5l.t.l, :6-(t())~S-. :~·-~_. -:·,--;•. ;. ::~n: --.-~~;i,~t~ ~_:Pr~~rty and' comr.~uniem".

., ··-)';~.'

2(22)i2 · o:t "prcduction for production ':s _sake<~·, :2( .2J) t 5 ·

CAPITAL, ~. S(5)•1

EOONONIC-!'l!JLCSOPHIC.IWIUSCRIPTS, 1644, 6(?)•7; 6(10)t6

FOVERTY OF' I'llll..OSOPHY. ' 2( 9) I 7 on 'the K'tirf:t~,g/;d!ly, -2(1.?),5; -~

~Harx1sm, Grc?t. Divide in, tC12)s5-- · -· ·

- -.-.

per-Ve=c1on of~ 1n- RUsSia., .China, U.S •• -~~' ·,2(21)15, · 6(6)i5_..

HAf<XIS!-1 AriD Fn:;;;:()Ci•l, 1J8lt.2, ,2(22)•1, 5; 3(1Yil, 3{2)t3, Jll).u;' 4(3);.5, 4(5),6, .€£;.0)•2. ·R.IiJIJ. . ·• .. ' . c .... < •.. ravl•••s of, 2(23)o7, 4(2),6, ·4(J)o6, 4(5)o6,·4{?)o6, 4(8lt6; .5(9)'t6,

5(10; :6 ·. . . . .. ,.

r.lar:d3~'-Hur.,nntsm ( ~oc P.Lo AFRO-ASIAN REVOLUTIONS; MARXISM AND. FREEDOM),. 6( 10) •5 , :.: ·-'~Jola.u t~.n.u''~ ;ra·voit- ·r;o:e x(iil)i.a.l~.·-

May Da:;,llil.;.i, 5(5)•1, ?(4)•3 '.· · .Mazey, Emil, 1(7)!3, 2(1)o1, 3(4)•1 ... l!boyn, ·ron, 2(19)•8, 4(S)o6, 4(6)18, Meany, George, 1+(4)!1, 7(6)!4

. Melvin.,, He:<~::"-11; 2(11lt2

.Manop:.use, 1(ij;a· ··"'

Mental illness, 1{9)!2, 4(1)•7.

5(1)•8

···- MeX!.~ri-A~orl~~~-: Oivii ~l~hts.of,-·S{J),7. Mer.ico, 2(1J)o8

7601

-42-

Middle'East (sea aho Algeria1 A:rr.b-Israeli c~nfl.ictJ EgyptJ lraqJ 1~~1 Saudi ArablaJ Suez invaelonJ Turkey)

. ~nd oli, 2(2i) aS

ten~>iona in, 3(5)a4, 4(4)a1

Montgome:ry (Alaboma) ·BUs Boycott, 1955-.56 (see also King, M,;..,-tin Luthe~ Jr,), .. 1(15)11, 6, 1(16),4, 6, 1(1?h5, llil.Uo 2(10)a1, 2(11)a1, 7(4),?.

,.£ ' .. < Moroccan .. roirolt,- i955; 1(6) aB, 1(9).8 .Moscc11 Frame-Up Tri<Us, . ?(2.) a6 .

Mus~, A.J., -~

Myrdal, GtmrUlr, ~

Nagy, Illl%e, ~. 3{4) a8

Na~ser, Gamal'Abdul,· 2(1)i8;, 2(9)a1, 4{4)a1, 6(l)a8

.,- ·.-

.. ' . .. N&t1oriS.i AsSociatiOn :!01: th6 Advancemt:int. of Colox-e:i People (NAAC?), 1(8)_a6,

1(9) a6;· 1( 10) a1, 1(12) a6, 2(20)a 1, 4, 7("-)a 3

NATIONALISM; COMMUNISM, MARXIST-HUMA11ISM Allll ·'!HE AFROCASIAN REVOLUTIONS se& .· AFRO-ASIAN REVOLUTIONS. . '

Na_tive Americans, fight against. KKK, 3(1)•2

Nez_ Perce resistance, 7(3)a2

Nazism, .5lll!.! .·. ~-. N!'gritude, 7(2) a4 .

Negro Am~rican Labor Gouncil (NALC), 5(6)a6, 6(10)a2, ?(6)a2

News and Letters CollU!litt.ees, l.itera.ture published by

AFRO-ASIAN REVOLUTIONS, 4(6)a1-6

~0~! RIDERS SPEAK FOR THEI':SELVES; 6(7)al, 8

Lenin's 'mmlSOP!IIC NOTEBOOKS (a.d), 1(12).1

.. 11Eii:KLY FOLITICAL LETl'ERS (ad), 6(8)a6

WORKERS BATTLE AUTOMATION, 5{7)a1-B

NEilS & LE'MERS, as:woi:kers; i.nd Blacks' ~per, l(1)_t2, 1(2)all, 1(1!i)a6, 2(1)a4, 2(19)a1, 2(24):7, 4(3)a7, 5(6)al, 5(91•3

Nigeria, 7(4)at' '

Nixon, Richard, 2(3)a4, 2(13)a8, 3(7)a1, 5(8)a4

Njeri, 1(1)a6.(photo) Nkrumah, K~me, 3(8)aB, ~. 6(9}t8 Non-aligned a.ations suo Bandung Conference, Belgrade Conf'erence.

North Atlantic Txoaty Creanization (NATO), 2(12):8 •

Nuclear,.arme teet.e and pr.otests, 2(19)a5, 5(1)a8, S(2)a8, 6(9)!1, 2• ~· .. . . 7(~)·1. ' · ... '' ' . '... ..:-·

Nucle.::.r·power, and coal, 1(4)11 , ·

Nuclear Wa.:r, threat of ('see also An"t.i-'nuclEt&.r war movement), 2(S)a4, 2(?)11, 2(1?)a5, 2(1f.)o1 (cartoon), 2(21}a4, 2(23)a4, 3(J)a4, j, 1>(6)al, 5(S)a4,

- ·-\

7602

-43C .

_..,--;~~-~~~- ~;-... --~;.,.=_:l.t, .. o:f.. (cont.'d):·;-- ,.,.- ,- c;,;-.1-'.i' ... .,. __ ••

S(B)s1, .2,~2UJ.i2; 6(B)s4; 6(9);1, .:;, :z!.ili.2 )_ .· 0:.-.·

Op:p<!nhelmer, Robort, 2(12)• 5' Orwell, G~-orge, •1(17)•2

_ Ovez:t~e __ see Auto WOrkerS, layoffs a.r.d· oVertrne-. :r:-_;;,_:·;·· ,, __ ·>:·_·:::_-~--~.:· ___ · -~- -. ·.. ··--.;

Padnloii>; Giorge, 4(1) .6, .ili!l!.!i. . :Pim-Africiinism see AFRO-ASIA!/ RE:VCLUTIONS,

Parks, Rosa, 1(15)11, 1(1?)s5 "~rtiino~~·;; IDld· .

_.;

'_ .. _

,;-',,_Party: see·;_Blaek: movement, and_ party electoral' polii1c81 Communist' PartY I· .· .,~: . ' . - "Labor. party, u.s~. absence of: "V8J"I_gua.rd pa.rti'to_-lea.d"•"' ·: .-.

· _ Pauling,._ Linus, 2(19) s5, --7(4)16 ·' ' Pe~ce -~orps; 6(4-) s6 . . .... \ '';;· '

;-:, -~-- · ':~.P~~~~--s~e--AFRo-AsiAN_' RE_votUTioNs 1 China,- peaSant· i'evolt~e -

PEOPLE a..- io.:NYA SH:AK FOR 'M:MSELVES see Kol.na~, Mb1yu, -.

Peron, Juan, 1(7)s8, 2(7)•8 Peru, ?(6)18

Ph1lippines,'2(25) sB

Phillips, Wendell., 1(11)•5, :?(lJ).!.2;' 3(3)s6, J(is)s?, 7(2)"14

Philosophy see Cate{(Ories,· in philosophy• ContrS.d.ict10n1' -Diai~c1::1csJ -Heg~l;-­G.W.F.r Lenin, V.I.; Ma.rx, Karl.

l'hyeicians; u.)l., ;!(19)s7,,2(2J)•7·• '.••

··'·.Ran (see' also'l!uSsia, Fi.w-Year plans);· llll.!.2; 3(?)s4 .

. Poland, 2(7)s8, 2(21)s8, 2(22)s8, J(?)s3, 5(5)•8 . . Poznan rovolt, 1956, 2(1)o8, 2(4)s8

workers' cOuncils, ){3)18 Police brutality, D~troit, 2(11)i?, 2(1£i),7, 6(1)s1

Lo,; A."eles,_ 7(5) s4, ?(6) •7 Polio, and polio·vaccine, 1(3)•1 Pollution, air, 4-(2)s?

-"Popular f'ront", of CorvuU'list Party, ..!!21.!.2. Populist movement, u.s.; ~. ~

Portlll!el.; 2(:24)18, 6(2)1?, 8, 6(6)17

Proudhon, Pierre, 2(9)s?, J(1)•6 --psy::."lo~ci~tic d1.seaSe, !(7)'.2

Pu...l'jta del Esrte Conf~rence {o . .e.s). 1962. ?(2};"8

·,

Racism (see alSo. Britain~ racism. inJ ··KKK -and: White CiM.zens Ca!..'.r.eil; POliCe ·- - , brutaJ.ltY; ··soUth-- UsA~_ niurdel:s of Dlack_sr UAY~ ra_clsm in)

1n North USA, 1(17)•1, 2(14)17 (~oon), 3(5);2; 4(e),8, 6(1)11 Radiation, atomic,' ef':fects.of', 2(2)-2(5)•7, 4(7)•3, 7(4)11 Raiiroad workers see ~rltain, railroad 'workers. Hsridolph, A. Phillip, l(1J),6, 7(6)o2 Rate of' prot"it,. decl.1ne in (see als9 AFRO~AaiAN REVOLUTIONS), 2(17l&5_,. Red.cH~ck,UL.:O., ~

'; -_ : - ' '' ' ·- _- . _;;·t:.-~ Republican Party see Black Jllovement, and party. electoral _-politics; Eise~_OHeX', .... Dwight. D.; Election campaign, u.s •. , 1~01 Nixon,, Richard. · · · · ·

Reuthe~, lla:J.:ter ... ~>o .~ 1(11)r1, 2(14)•1, !• 2(21).4, J{1)i1, J(7)11;' 4())110 . 4(9)11, ,6(5lol, 6(8)11, 7(5)•1, 7(6)14 .. ' .·· . ' . . ' .

RevolutionS and· ~volts ~ee African revo1ut.tcultSr 'AFRO-ASIAN REV0Ltr;riONSj-··Al­ge:~:1an :revolt; Chinese r&volut!oh; Cub:ln ·ro-."'lutionl Gazman.Y, _Eaat;·. r&voltJ Huilg&rian r.lvolution; Iraq ·:evoltr Kenya, "Mau Ma.u" revolt.r .Moroccan.Xevolt;

__ Poland, ·_Poml4.n .revoltr. Russian revolutionr _.South. Af'rica.J Tibet r8vo1i1 Vprku:f:a %e'\-"'l t. ·' - ·

"Right-to work" ls.wa; 2(14),4 Roberto, ll.olden, 7(2) 17 Rubber ~orkers, J(l)o3

."Runaway shops, l(l?)l1; 2(18),4, 5, 2(21>)o4, 6(7)11, ·7(J)•J Rush, llen;lal!lin, 2(1J)•7

--~:RuS~ell~ B~rt~?-~ ~ Russia '(see also A:trica., RusSia's.role in, -A~tOmation~ 1n Rusa1&,-'De-Stalin1-

u.t1onl Khrushchev, NlkitaJ Sino-soviet conn.!.ctJ State-cap1t&.l1SID, .RuSs1a1. Vorkuta revolt) · . · · .. · · •

.'

aartcultllX'!ll crisis in,~ .. 2(24)o5 army, ~volt within, 1(9)•5, 2(24)•5 Communist Party Congr<!sses, 1( t6lo 5, !!.L!!:lu economic Conditions and crisis, 1(5)11, 1(16)•1, 5(8)o5, 6(6)18 . ' ~-Five-Year plans, 1(14)180 2(16)o5, 2(24)15

1 ~. ~ ·

labor, forced, .!..!.zl.t.2 medicine in, 4(7)•7 purges, 2(20) .a Revolution, 1917, ililti, 1(1J)•5

'Ihird \for11., :!"elAt!cu 'tv, 1(1l)ia, --ruiu~ .6(4)•5

1f0rkers' opposition and r<Jvolt, 1(4)18, l!.ZlJj, 1(17)18, 2(16),5, S(S)!8 . ' yOuth unrest, 2( 24 )I~ · ' ; . .

7604

-45-

5artre, Jean Paul., ~. ~

5aud1 Arabia, 2(12)s8, 4(4)11_

Schizop~nia, i(18) 17

Science, division from J.1:fe, 1(16)12, 2(12)15, 2(15)17, _:J(1)17, 5())12

Sclept_i_s~_s,_ -oppositiori .:tO- nuclear -war~- 2{19h5 ._

·:c siibtia;,d~->iorkers in (see_al~o'Coal_minen., Scotland), :J(6)-4(1)s7, 4(6)a81 -.,, , --· 5.<~'~1· 7(5),,2 .. -· .. ·• _____ • __ •. -. _ ... :, :-s~B.ni~:..-(99e,-~5o Bntain,:s~run•n), -6(7)12

·Second InternatiorAl, 1(12)a5

Seil1orit.Y.'se8- AUto W6:rtters,- selniciri.tyJ ·coal· miners, seniorityf Stenl worke~, seniority.

Sen,..'"'hor, Leo;:old .9edar, · ~~·:~, --7(2) 14

Shipyard workers !'::ee Britain, s.,fpya:rd workers,·: Cllydeside strUggles•

Shuttlesworth, F, Rev,, 4(1)17, 7(4)17 Singapore, 4(1!)18,-,_

Sino-Soviet .. oon:ru.ot, zU:l!1 • Sit-ins se& SC,-uth USA,' sit-ins.

Slo.ve revo:Lts, llil!.2, 2(11)15 ••

Smith Act trlals,-,1941, 6(7)1" Snow, C.P., .i!.J,hl_ Sobukwe, RobCrt, .2i!!l!.z "So~1a11eme ou Ba.rbarie", .!.QU.u

· South- Afiica. (s~e also Britain, ant1-apa.rthe1d protests and b9ycotts) t.:rrloan National Congress, 2ill!.z, 7( :l) 11

.anti~l"'•s protests, 2(22)a8, 5(4)11 (photo), j, ~

Black struggle,_ 2(18)18, .El!!l!.2 Black workers, 1(4)16, 2(25)18, "4(:3)12, 5(2)12, -~ bus boyoot~, 1957, 2(14)18, 2(19)•7

detention ind p;l1t1oal tr\~ls, 2(9)•8, 2~1;)18, 3(5)18, 6(4)16 h1et~:::y, 6(2) a6

Pa."t A:fr1oan Congress, li!!l!.z, 7(:3) 11

Sharpaville massacre, 1960, S(4)1S, ililU WO!IIOn 0 2(22)t80 4(7)18, j{lli_z

South USA (nee also Co~reos of,Raoi&l EqWlJ.it)"f Freadom_ .Hid•ras K!...!'.g_.-,,!lf.!!.... ........ !"n Luther Jr. r Little Rock, ArkansaS, Montgomery Bus lloycot.tl Studetit --Non• violent Co-ordinating Co111111itteet Till, E!"'et, lynching of)

Black movement and labor, relationship or,- !(z)o:J, 1{9)a1, !!l.sl.t.:i . ' " 1(16)o1, 2(10)a1,

-46-

South USA (cont'd)

bus bo)"cotts, 2(1).3, '•(1)•7, 4(2)•7

murders of' Blacks, 2(20)s1, 3(6)12, 4(5)•1

rural conlil.ttoris, l(J) I 3 ' . . .. ·. . . . ... · .. .... . •. . . .... · .. ·.

•. ch.ools,.· str. uggle. to integrate, .1{1);4, f'jl;5, 2(.22_''> __ ;4, 3_(8·.·_j.;l,.' (~oon); ,:,:."' ,it(8)o1o!.S(10)•4, 5(10)o6 (cartoon), 6 1 18 : : .. ·;•-·· · .•':--;·• · ·,

seg-reg&tion);mowment llg&irist; 1(2)•1, 1(1J)o1, 1(1'•)•6, 2~i),j, 2(1o)l1 :· (cartoon ! 3(7)•2, 3(8)s4, 4(8)•1; .1Ls.l.!.z, 5(10)s4;'b(2)•1; 6(6)11, 6, 6(9)11, 712h3, 7(5)•4; ., . .,- ........ ; .

·sit-iris, .S(J)lt (cartoon), 4, .S\4)•~•. ilil..!.z, 5(10).6, 6(2)rt. · ·"·' ... ··· '..:1.;.1llima:,"s(4);1;'6' · ...

· Dele""re and Mar.fland, 6(.10)17, 7(1)12. · jail stories~. 6(4)16 -1.:. ·'~ . . - - . North Qarolina, 5(3)•6

·" .. ,.

Northein support f'or, 5(4)16, 5(6)!6, 5(10)17, .6(6)o6.

Student Nonviolent Coordinating ·co~.mitte~. (SNCC), 5(8)o6 Tennessee; 5(3):6 - •_; · .:. ~- _, _ _.·:--.

strlkes, 1(1).), 4(4),6, 4(5)13 · t .•; _: ,_,

unions, f'ight to·organ1io, 1(9)11, 1(16)11," 2{3)14, 2{24)•4 voting rights, struggle for, 5(8), 7

Spain, 1(17)!8, .3(5)18, 7(5)16 "

C1vll War, 1937~39, 1(17)~2

sputnik, .2( 23}!_4, .. 2( 2,4) .a _ .. Sri Lanka (Ceylon), 4(4)•8

:--.

. . ·.·. . ;~

Stalin, Joset· (sec -~";3o HiUex--sb.:tin P&et:.;. Da-Sta.lin1za.t1on), 1(16) •5, .lilll!j; •illlli . . . .. . .. 1(9)•.5. •1(1jJ.5,

State-capitalism {3ee also AFRO-ASIAN REVOLUTIONS) army's role -ln·,-- 1C6rl s·· China, 2(20)•1, .zi!.lD .

. - . : .• ,; ···. -. ,-. . 1ntelleatuals in, ilil.J.2, · §i.ZlU Russia, 1(13)17, ~. ~

' '~

1! .'i:

Steel workers (see also Aut0mat1~~' steel. mtiia,- McDonald, David) conditions of' labor,1(1)'•3, 'J(.Sl•:i, 3(7)11, 3, 4(2.)11, 4(5)o1,

4(9)•7, 5(3)12,, 6(2)12 . . ··san1orlty;: 2(?) 1)" ~,

. stri!ie'; 1959, 4(7)11, 4(9)11 wildcat strikes, 5(S) 11

• 1.: . ' \ ' - . Stevenson, Adlai, 1(15)•4, 2(2)11

s1:ni8; 1(3j&2, 2(9h'•; 2(iol•7. 2(t6l1?, 2(i?)o7, .5(3)11 high blood pressure, 4(5)•7

...

4(7) .,,

')'

-- ~

-47-

. I o; •-'" ~ ( --Stud.e'rits seEi F:reedom -Riders, student .suppOrt -jo;~

Youth, ~·~·.~·~_stud~~t--_~ctlVi.sm~ .:~·-' ·,,:­ YOuth, ~high a~.o~l protests,-- . ·.-· . -

Suez invasion, 19.56,. 2(9)a1 (cartOon)

Summtt.meetlngs, U.S •. and Russla

cdmp D~vl.d, ·l959~ ~.: 4(8) •1

Geneva, 19S5, 1(5)11 (eartoon).

t96o, 5(2)•1, 5(5)14

Vierulll; 1961, 6(6) a1

Suprema .Court, 4(9)t1 (cartoon), 6(7)•1·

Taft"Hartley Act, 4(7).4, 4(8).._4, 4(9)•.1.

Teller, Edward0 2(12)•5. . . : --·- .. _ .. · ---·~.. . ... r . . ... - . ..

\ ..

' ...

· .,. ·Tex.tu,;· liorliera; f(9)a1, ·2(J)I4, 4(4)o6, 4(5hJ ·Th1'cl.llorld see AFRO-ASIAN REVOLUTIOilS. ·'. - ··. . . ' . Tibet revolt, 1959, 4(4)o8

Till, Ji)Met, lynchi.Jl<; o.r, ... 1(7)o6,.·1(8)11 (cartbon), .... 1(14)·4: . . . . ·. . .

' - - - .-- I - - , - . . : , . : -;" . . : ; ·: .. - . • . . THo; ·Josip il:i:oz, ~(5)o5, 2(6)t8,· 6(6)o,2, 6 . Togo ~Togolerid), 1(6)t6 .

Toure, Sekou, ~. §.L5i.J..z Trinidad, . 2(14) • 8

'·'·-~

:.·.

.·•,.-

; :· ! ~

Trotsky, Natalia, 7(1)o2, .zi£l.ll (photo) .. :.: ~ ·- ·,

Ti-otsky, Le~n (see also.AFl!O-ASIAN REVOLUriO!IS), 1(13);;,I(16loj,.~ .. Trotskyism, 1(6),~, ~ • .:ll.&t2. 5(10lr5, 6(5)o4;· . .z!&!.9. Truman, Harry, 5(4)o1

Truth; ;Sojourner; 1(11h5 ··

Tubman, Harriet,. H11lo5

Tucker, 'Robert, 6(10)o5

Turkey, 2(9)o8,; 5(5).t8

Turner, Nat, .!.Ul.!.i, 2{1J)' 5

"Tiro llorlds" (cartoon), 2(7)•1

tncers, 2(10),7 ··:- ... "

•·.•

.' ... Unemployment_' \sO~: also Yo~~: .. une;nploy:nont)

in u:s.';i2(24i,i,'2(2.5>;i, ~. JCJl•t, 4(1)•1 <cartoon), 4(2),4,' .. 4())t1, 4(6)o1, 5(6)r4, .5noJI1, 6.(J)o1, 4, 6(4)tl, ?(1):1 ·. .

., t

trorkera demonstra.tl.ons against, 4(1) o'1, il,()) 11, 4(4) tl1

4 ' ' ' . , I - ' . ,

Unions Bee. e~cific unionl3, UA.,, UMW, .'etc~';.' ~UOU$ots 1 in unions a South USA, ur.!.cns, t'~ht .. to ?rg&n1ze .•

7607

\ ' .•

-48-

~:~Urliuid' AUt6~0CUe· Wo~ers :··(u~~-)--- : _,,_ ·=i. ·'· 'comni1tteeriian vs. ste~ -~ystem, 1(6)1); 2(7}~1, 5(2}i1

;;nli Cor.ununlst Party, .ti.€.2.U, 1( 11} 11, 2( 14} it, .i conventions, 2(1?}r1, 3(1)11, 7, 4(9)c1,-6(5)c1; 2, 7(5)11, 3 dues structure, 1(5)cl, 2(9)c1, J(3)c1 ·

elections in, 2(13)c1, 2(14)c1,.4(5)r1

. Local 212, Chrysler,. 2(13)&1, 2(15)•1.

Local 6oo, Ford,-2(7)•1

pro:fit-sha.."":Lng plans,. 3(1)1 1, ?

racism in, 2(17)•1, 6(6)11

whit.e ·collar workers in, ·2(8)11; J(8)c1

workers' =Hique of, 1(7)c1, 2(1)11, 2(14)c1, 2_,· 2(15)c1, .J(4):c4, 4(1)c1,. 4(9)•1 . -:~ . ' ....

United Mine Workers o:f Ameriea (UMWA), l(4)c2, 1(5)12,- 2(9)•2 cOnventions, 2(4)t1, 2

iJni ted_ States. (Gee also U/templ.OYJI'ent, U.S.; .. Vietnarilt U.S; inter\reilt.ion in) · '~conolnic c~ncUtions.and crisis~ 1(14);1, 2(iz)c1, -2(20)c4, 2(25)11,

J(?)l4, 4(1)s1, .illl!.2, 6(JJ•1, ?(6)11.: . ··

"Vanguard :party to load", .ll.€.2.U, ~: V~nezuela, J(1fcs _·.

~~esey, Denmark,-2(13),5

Vietnam, ·u.s, intervention in, 6(9)•1

Voit:_.Br&-un, WOrrier, ··1(.1) • 5 Vorkuta (Russia)'revolt, ·1953, ~-

Voting l-ights see South USA, vot.il''lg rights, struggle :ror1 Women, su:r~ · · movement, U.s.

~alker, David, 2~11)s~

Ward, Jlaa.tthow seo Denby, Charles. 'larren, Robert Penn, 2(2)• 5 ~ateon, Tom, 4(2)r;

West Indie-s sea :Ba.ham.ast Ba.rbadoss Ha!t.ir Ja.Jllaicar- Tr1n!d8.d..

Wast Virdini&, condition~ of life and labor, 1(2)c8, 1(15)•1,

Wh!te-__ oollar work~:re (eee also U.o\lf,- white ·collar Worker:s- lnj,

W1lli..,.a, l!:rio, 2(14)13

Williams; Robe"it F,, :J(A)c4, 4(:3)•7

Woman, relatior.~hip to,':'""'' 1(9? c8, t(t.1)c,i;? . . .

5(6) •2 1(4)13

7G08

.

·-:· .

-49-

W'or.len (see also Black wonienJ Coal.miners' w!veSr Trotsky, NataliaJ Sou~ :- A:rr1pa., Ween)

'A:rrican,1(9):a, 7(4)17, z<s>q in anti-war movement, 7(3)•4 Indian, l(9)18 .

Moroccan, 1(9):8

in post~~Orid War II period, 1(11)a7

sufil:age_ move100nt, u.s., 1(17) s8

l:'Eilvolui1on, role in, lli1.!.! workers, 1(9):'1, 4(5)sJ, 4(9)s), 5(9):2

':f'om~il'·s EmergenCy Brigade, 1(9)•1

Women's movOment, xe~tion.to Abol!ti?nists, 11JJLLL2, 1(17)aa· ·:.woodson·, ~r G., 7(2)s4

Woodward, c. Vann, -~• 2.(z.hz

Wor.kers (see also spec1t•1c workers, Auto workers, Coal miners, etc. a lllaok workersf Ruosia. workern opposition and revolt, South Afrtoa, Black .worke:r;st U~einploymen~, Wcrkers der::onstratioris agalnstr Women_ workerS~. and intellectuals, relationship of, !!!!lu. !.W.u. ~· 4(6) 11 forms of organization, .!..!...Jl!..2, ~ rank-and-i"ile~- oppciSltion to--labor bureaucracy, .!.!..l2.!.2, 2(14)r5, 4(8~_•4,

5(4)a4, 5(10)s'.!, 6(4);1 . :

· · . WORKERS BATI'LE AUTOf!ATION, 5(7):1-8, 5(8)s1

.,ork1nl5 da.y 1 _struggle -to shorten (see also Marx, on the work-i."lg day), 1(1l)a_1~ 2(7)•2 . . .

-Youth (see _alSo Black youth, in civil ri~hts rnovementt' Russia, youth unreat.1 · Freedom Riders, student. support. for}, l(?)sl, 2(lO)a5, 2(11)ol (cart.oon),

'4(9)•1 .

Africa, 7(J)o6, 7(S)s6

ant.i-w:>.r attitudes and act.ivit.ies, 1(5.ls7, 2(10)s6, S(l)i6, 5(5):2, 6(4)a6, ?(:l)s6

France, ;(7)s6 high school protests, 2(10)a5, 2(11)s6, 4(6)s?, 5(1)s6 unemployment, 4(9)s6

u.s., ot.udent actlvi~m, 6(J)s1, 6(6)s6· West Germany, 2(10)s6

Yugoslavia oee Dj1las,_:.:-i-!1lovanl Tito, Jo31p Broz.

·Zaire. (Belgian Congo), 1>(2).7, 4(9)s8, 5(6),s8, 5(8)s1, 6(1)s1, M.:12.ll, ~ • . . 7(2)•3 . . . . i

Kat.anr,a. c_r1n1s,, 196o, 5,(9) s.!i_, A, S(lo) sB, 6(2) •1• B , _lla>•lllo, (l!'o:'tllA""· Rhodesia), l(B)sll. Z(J):8; 5(5)s1,. 5(8)sl, .5(10)17, i5(J)r8,.

6(4J t:J, 6(.5)•7

Z..oul1 tch. v~rn, 2LzlL!

-.:.

,·z:~?(~:.O"T7d~Y~s -~~~id;ecOnoitiic Ci-isiS''~:m~{~·[t~~ spoken and written or-·in'terms_-_of-the::_industrialized West-with its

·, stagnation· in' production ·:and, growing' unemployment; When- the nations .of the Third World are .mentioned, the cor. text 'Is· usually· that or-the hUge and· grOwing indebted· -ness of these lands to.the technologically advanced .West,

_- currently.( to the: tune ·.of hundredS_o[' billions of. dollars •. ;'The framework thus remains that of thc.capitalist lo:utds. <Th~fAfr~Asian-Latin'Am"erican Revolutior.s which haVe

,_ encircled the_ globe over the- past· two· and a .haU decades attempted to· blaze- an independent, non-capitalist path~

·way :both: E:ciinomii:ally_ and ideologically.•cBut viewed -- frorri , the_·, t980i!;~ ·. count."'Y. after.· co'uD.try -within·· thiS -Third , World,hati been· swept into lhti'eeonomic vortex· of_ ~ap-,_

i_talismi. either ·in· its private ot' .. state-c&pitallst Corm. -.. ·, :;--And at;the_same.ume, there ha5,becn a cepttulation to: the ideological vortex :of naUonnll:red" pn•perty -_equaling.

· ·· _. soc_lallsm · or. of narrow. nationalism, -or_ the outright bank~ ·:rupt~y -Of ,.Private enterprise.· It. is this -twin vortex of

' ' econolnJc:J and . narrow~ class-based ._Ideology. which . has_-_ kept· tM~~ArrO:ASlan-LRtln": American World -_:splnning·, out­side .. both ,_ any.·' genuine _ ecoJ!Omic, development , nod_:_ U.e . tbeoretlcal·phUosophtc:_vision ,of_; freedom. that_-had been the_prOmbe or ita.revolutiona~ ~flM .. · -r<-: .. -· '

;:; Is tluire _stm the_. possfbMty :cr:cractfns tll.e framework __ of capitalbt non:development for the Tbfrd World? Is the ~y· Cboil!e between a.prtvate-c3i)lta1Jst~West,wlth~lts traditioDal bourgeoisie or_ o. state:ca1lltalbt East; with-Its-: single ·economic plan? Neither baS ~n able to_ provide

·either,"a-sclutlori to.tbft.world economic crisis 'or a-free-. ·: <dom :visio·a· __ as _agi.tnst the prevalllng- ban~ruptcy, of:

lhougbL "' , ,, · . . . .

'7lii0

While- tbe qcestion 111 Russia unfolded in the suc~oeeding But Marx then ansWered Mikhailovksy as follows: c

det.!ades in terms or capitaUst development, socialist He insillls on trarisfo~irljj my histo_rical Sketch of the revolution, a!ld ·state·capltalld counter·revolutton.~ it · f · r . - ·

. remains .a_ viable,' indeed a burulng 1UesUon In- tod;i)r•s geneSLS o ~plla 'sm_ .. m· ~7eshrn Europe into an_ his7'>.'· Third World; especially_ 00 Ute Afrleae and Latin Ameri· torico-philosophic tiU!Ory _Of tM'general path of develoP:-··

· can ·continents where the· world systeui of caplt:.::Usm bas ment . prescribed by fate to all natW.ns, whatever '.the certainly spread, but_ where the drive to cl'ack ·the historicat circumstanceS in which they_ find tlumselves framework Gf' capitalism· remains ever alive~ · · · ~ ·,. ~ But I beg His pardon·,·~-. one_ will net•er arrit>e'thert! .. cit iS-for this~rc&sOn that we ili:l;airi turn to·M:i.rx.as he by-using as one's master lrey a general-!dslCirico-phl~.

-faced-this '!Jllestion 'at the end· Of his life. It is not that sophical theory,- the supreme 'virtzu 0{ U!hich consists in Marx had_ direct ."answers'.' for the Third World, but that being supra-historical., · - _ : .. · ·: ·-·: · · '.:·; ':-

. the method by which he 'chose to grapple_ with the ques- Marx refused to recognize_ any._ theory,-·any sweeping tlon_·_can c11st an _illumination for today..:-- generalization, evenwhen_it was. as magnificent as his --TiiREF.~TEXTB-OF':MA:Rx cciiC"erD· us hi::re:· M&r~·s--·. own historical tendency of'capitaJist accumulation wheoit

letter- to· the·_ Editorlal."Board; of th~ Otechestvebalye was Placed outside of the historical process from which it _ Zaplski;·November,~lm;· his draft le-tters to_ the Russian was created .. Marx r-eeogcir.eQ. only (1Ue aeteace: _"bJdor-y -' ·revolutionary_. Vere:Z_:aSulieh, late· __ Febr:uary:--and early: and Its proc€iu..''i ·:·.--::_::;:: _ ~ ..... - ~;.

March; 1881; Bnd Marx's ar.d Engels' Preface to the Rus- : ' - -- ·· c- - •- · • •

·· ~~;d!;rifm~s_tht!v~0-%~:c~~ii!bi·e~::- ;d· =~ c MARx:FO~U·EDTH~-ouG~~ Uie-~ue!·u~·n--~~ ~~~--Marx-Mnrxists. What has Oeen publish. ed oniy ·since the cuJilrhistoricai process with regard to Russia.ln February,- -·

the I led . 188l,Veraz .. ~ulidl".-.. tetoMarxonthcdioputesofRu.sslan

· 1970S --and stronaly reiuforce-s . deas·presen to ...,. ..... -these· texts. is Marx'~"s.Ethnologlcal Not.eboolr.s;•·written In socialists concerning Mnrx's'C.pl&at -and the ·ruture"of ... capitalism in Russia.·Ia parUcularEhe ask'Jd Marx to state 1880-J81l2, which reveal hoW seriOU3ly and at Jength -»!arx · . his \"ie-ws on tho Rus:slan commuoe as the basis of socialism: _ studied the:."prlmltive''- societies from the.-new::uUlro-_ The four drafts Marx w-rOte reVealed his concretf' workirig' potogic31 studies of his 'dW.. Together, this body of Marx's out of 8 Uieoretica1 ~Uon 1n tOO circumstances of the Rus- ·

_ writm~s 'offer. us what. .. ;.nya Duneyevskava has c-alled · sian reality. In Ulem btHnat.es adi.~trde.""=~toh!s lnt~t , ~ti~-~.-~~i~~~~~rf{ }:'7~u~/'~~;-~~~-~}!"0r~-~~~ .-·studies, especially Morgan's·Andeat Soeldy. ··- · · ', _

. In bis .. lctter.to the editorial board_ of the Otecbestven· -Fff.s,~--be due lnto-why:Uie -~Omm.Wle stlU exbt~ 1ft-nlye -Zapiskl, Marx was-r-espOOdlrig'.to nn article titled Runta wbile it bad dlnppeue4 thro_ug~oot .Westem -,·.

· "Karl Marx_ Before the Tribunal of Mr. Zhukovsky," vnit-- Europe; He wr-ote or ":. lmlqtte comblDal!on· of ctream---ten· by N.: K. Mikhailovsky,"- a tbeoreticiWl ·of Narodism. siamc:es." a ad tbe:tlea-ped to t:J.e f~Ce~: It c:riaU at tM ." Mikhailovksy had argued that Marx's view was thlit. Rus- - some time as capitalistpro.iuclior. which enc_bks i4 to taAe: sia's most ·ur?.f,nt task was to destroy the peasant. cOm- advanUJBe of o.ll: the 'pOSitive achUuenumt.! of tl-.#: la!!er · munal'prop ,-the mlr, and plunge intll capitalism. I~ without passing through Qll iU_dncdfuluicil:situdes. stead of-mer~ y denyin~ this fantastic. accusation Marx lie __ aearch~d to-Cind ~wbat'bappened-.tO- the ·arcbaic restated-his true views in so-new .a way that Russia's commune,butnOtedlh'ehistoryolthedeclineof~'pdmiUve" dev-:lopme-nt actUally shed a new illumination on what. we communities still remai.'1ed to be written. And be warned:

-now ciill the Third World:· · One_ s'hould he im. one'6 'guard, wlun- 'readin.g'-tM·:_hia- _ . ' In _Order tiUJt I Tnieht be SpeciallY qrinlified to es_timate_ tories of primitive comrnunilies wr_itte,n_'=?' __ bou_rseoi8 .-the economic ckv_elopment in Russia, /learnt Ruuian historWns. · : ._ ·-M. · · _<',-:, '-:,·.~-~,_" .... :.-".;

and· then-for··many years· Studied tlu!- official publico· Then followed .the key:SenteDce: "'Everythb\i.rleperids _, , tions and otlu!rs bearing on this :;ubject. 1 have ar"rived upor. the historical·. bacl:Br9UD.d: in .whicb<.it finds. itscU: at lim .condruion: If Rm•la continues to purt~ue I.'Je ••• "stressing first that tbe tdstorical environment cannot path' •he haa .follouied alnce 1861. ahl! ·'rclll .ltNJe- the .·,-be separated from "the simultaneous exl!;tence or·west-tlne•t- chan'*_ ever offered b11 hilliOI'I/ to a people and em production -••• the world market.". He_ continued wiUa und ll'th fl•-1 1 1 11 d ott•- •t t•-t other factors that need to be taken into aecount rrom the. ergo a e a"" v c u u e•.- '"' cap1 a .... rr· .- '-'"e ...... t ~·dualism','. of communal ,sroperty: and_ private g_lnu. (my_ emphasis) w.&• ..... .

"The fiilest ch&ncc? Marx bad; !Ust Prior to- the atmvt' r~.~~~Uo~-~ to.Ule aCtual ph)'sic cOOrl~aUo~~-q~ ,~9 quote-; paraphrased how the "great Russian scholar and At this point, Marx pinpointed the b••m&tt forces :tor critlc_"-Chemy~hevskyhss posed the question: revolutionafy change: All tliat r.e~tda to be donf! U·to

• ::Whether, as her libeml econumisU maintoiia, Ru6- reptar:e :hz voloat, _ o government institution_ by an Q,. sia must begin by destroying thti.viilage commune, in aembly of peasant11 tkctt!d by tM communes_ thtmselc~~ onkr to pass tD- tlu! capitali>Jt ugirri'e~ or whether, on the controry, -sM_ ·can wit/Wut experiencing the tortures of ' 'Marx also jlotrited to all tb~ pressures F.,-~ ~~- the -co~-thi& reeime;· rippropriate oil Us fruit. by ckuelopi"'J tM mune: '.'Wenkened by the state's flsca extortioat, tht' historical conditWM s~ci{ioolly her own. commune had become nn easy target for explol1aUon by

Marx then moVed to show that lt was not Russia alone traders, tandownei"S and money-lenders." Morx concluded _which could develop elong its own speclf!e path: that, "destructive lnfluence5 will lead inevitably to

, • , the chapter 011 primitilt.l! accumul4tio11. (in Cap!- destruction of theo vUiage (.>t:mmune, unlcs.~ it is cr1l1hl'd tal) does not claim to do mere than trace thtl path by by n powerful_~nt~racttc.n." . . -----·-whl"ch; in_ Western EuroJU, the capitalist ~conomic BYS· . 3. See especially Lenin's Tbe DHelopmea' Or CapUaUatn ~m enrerged -from t~e womb of the feud..'ll economic _In Ru11b1 <Vol. 3, Collected· Workt) and .Dunayev-/iyatr.m: :_It thtr~(ore de11cribts -the historical prores~ skaya's .. Marxlam aad Freedo10 (Chllps, 8 and 13}. ,,:' u•hi'ch- by divorclriiJ _the_-producrrs· {rom--their- r.wan.i o( 4. See Le\-'o're!l.ee Kr:der's tr:reerlpUcn nnd·nne int~ue- -productitJn -•• • llul the bosia of thi• wholl cUwlopment Uon to The, Etlmolotfeal Notebooks or Karl M:~:rxo-,;' is tM-upropriation of P«JBOnta • , •

-And thus: · If RrusUJ._wants to btcomt" a i:apitalilll natio.'l •• , ~hr

will not •uccud wilhout first trunMformlng a sood part 'oi hrr [NUMJfiti Into p~t:;ri::t::.

,., {' 1 . I i. •. J

· Iri the third ,Woi-k -~~;ihe·: s~j·~i =·-tb-~':·Pi;;{~~~: i~'th~-~-Russian edition of the CoiD.mUlllst MaDif21to/Jar.u8.cy:21'\.; 1882 ·- Marx_·proceeded ·to tie 'tbeypeasant··_Eastt•:to·~.tmi;:;-: ~·prolE:tarian~.w~t~~~-i!l/an; unpreCedentcd~·revoltitionil.rv::.~

- linking.' The~qut$tlon-he.had been· grappltnglWith-:_rcr' Ul81~ _,better._part_'or .a_. dec_ad~_~was po..-.ed-cnc-J ;n;ore:A~'Xt:i.;·~'.'-';t :.· Cari_~_the R_Us_Sian- ab&!IC:biriti;, lliOlilih;';if:ia,ti;~'!ntdei:.t.~:

. niiried; YP.~- n-,!0,~?1!:- Of_t~.· jJri~Ufd_'~~-~.iJtf''!~7it-~1?-~P-s~ ~of_kznd/ pass._ i:lu·ectly to·the hr.ghe_r:Jor,m.,of.Communtst..:--.­common: _oWm!$h_ip'l __ ;cOr; on_; tl}e-, contmr;y :: muSt~- it': fjfSt · '-,,:

'' ]kus_:-tljiough~ the rsQme':procesi:J_ rot~'dissolutio1a·>'•UCh~-m ·,., .•. Coiistit11Us-:-the-· histOricc%1 :eoolrltWn-.. O{c tlii ~.West?--) . .:;'.':.'f~~; ·;-~

:-.·:: ~-~~~ t!Ni~)liat·eo.:#es ~~runs __ DOt~·ontf;~;~~~:,:.~ , J>ut" per_manect rev.o:h;tlcn; ~-not . ~nly _ reyoluUon. h( tbf!:pea-'"1

.sant· East, but,Jh3.t rev_olution' as.·a spark:for-_ revolutJon·in ";: .. the·r~roletariiln·~ West;: Which~~Cfl;n···in :_turn ·re..entorce'~the ;-:;

:-::·~·TU·_~:r;:~~~~!~~~~/£i~~t~~~1:~~:~~~~~~,~-J1.udsian ·Reooludon. bem~s tlie :ngnal for _,~··'proktar,iGR;:· re'Volutioii-. in · tJie'·: We.st,·.:so.',that ~both:i::orifjJleliiejit:_roch-~t~

::·other;• tlu p~nt :RUssia'n',i:oranWn'·o·~~er.s_hi]3::,CSf-laTU/.. ··.-_ may :·a~r_ve_Ya,S_; tliil:_ stOrting·; pOirit~'(o.r.:.ci.:'-Con;,"iri'UtiiM:. ~llf!loj:ni~.TU:. '.\::--<' ;/, ,-I:--.~~;:::;.:~ ~.'i .;: ::~ {':('·.;:.;j_:~:~:::_~ ~{?~\,~ 2'.·,~-,.: ·. :: :_.; .Tbe:_viclssitudes:oL'.ltuSsia'·slncei.then~'2rii'.Of~c01irse ·.-_: . well known·.".Wbat'is not Wi!lUu:iown~.and in fact; ila!ibeeii :~

;' studi(MJs!Y ; ignored;;~is ~ preclse!y;·. L~:: .;. way ;.1d::r:·,:._werkcd ;;: ·.through: the. questlon.-:-or . uilderdcvelnpOO ·. and:-deVelo~ ·. lands.~'~'- '·J-: . ; ;·-:-:: .<·:·.,.,;.:;-,:,>·-::t .. "::~~:,•.; ,,:.,. c~._,;·_:,_:~,::,.:r;,~:::.:::-,.:.~' --;> ·-,'The particulars. of the Russian peasant commune-. have'~ been obliterat_ed- both_ by.: c3pltallsm's· encro:ichmimt~intO· ...

- Russia Prior fu'l917, ·and Stalin's forCed ci:lllecUVizii.UOn'of :·-.: the l!t30s.·But Marx's ntetho.do!ogy is still alive:-'An(fsO is·­the· dialectical method·-which enabled· him:· to· see- sUch phenomenal:- new · path'\\'ay_s· :to ·-sOcial :_i-cv'olUUOn:~- DOt~_in -­tsolatiorl from the realit_ies;of:Capi_taUsm;,but-.by:fmding­the revolutionary.- forces -wtthfzl:,capilalisril's' develo~ Iailds.-:·. <:---· · .. .----: -,::~_::- .... ,-.::.:-,;_:·,;::_; ·-/-"'···_·.·

In. returning tO tOdii)r 'the'·"quCSUon ::-fs,::lOt ,'sO:inli~ii·_fO·;. search for where there iS a Particular: social~ organization<· on the land !none part-_ of the,World or another-\Vh.ich·t:.:""~ still _survlvln~f capitalism's; eziCroaCliments;,;Wh'ere~rotich :;:;; forms_exis~ it is likely that capltali.nm has not: yet found a-··.; way to fully exploit ~ose region.~~;.: Iristead; what ·i-emabu> --": -­as rillve in t>ur day.- ns in· Marx's ·..:....,indeEd; wiu:.t·com~ll- < ecJ !'darx to study~any .pai'ticular social orglinl:tation of_ ~is". day -:-.are the human- forces which chaiienge·capitai1sm's:~· drive_ for accumulation, _Yfhether_-- prlmltl~e-;or . .-:~-•ad-: .. vanced."- ., · __ ::'· :. _ ·-.. _-:~" ' ;.;_:~"'- >_/·.:=:~, .. :_ .. -. -'~·:,.;-:_,.:- :::·.;i

'Ylht.thCr- the· iritilgeDous scx:ial foruis~_stUl.'eXistlng-:fn::.:._ such dispersed .places as Namibia's,coinmtinlol ri!lati<inS ;·:: and Guatemala's Indian peasnnt.communiUes-can:.form·-_;;:; the basis for new humHD beginnJngs·in·each:land.J~:an'';'' open question.· But what makes both plaees·so:aUvn !or_ us:·.; tOday ls_that in Namibia, In Guotemala,:_there:are--pea;,::;·:; sant- masses who arc. fighting to- oo··rJd, ol':.capitalisrn's ·. ~ direct- encroachments -· its_ brutal-slaUghter_ O!:.mcn,: _·"· v.-omen and children; its destrUction .of_ the 1and._ But their·< fight cannot be in-_!solntion.· Can .it not be. ri. _signal COr, the···:.: rest of us to make the revolutl\ln contlr.uous',: to mak~ reab :_ what Marx had called -~~revolution in permanence?'~ Only·.: !.uch simultaneous .. ,working out of.· comp!~mentary.: new_;- i pathways for soclal·revoluUon can.cr~:,:c the;_caplt&list: _., !ram~wcrk both in thought.·, as Marx had __ doM.\_hand·ln-?_, hand-with i:Jolng lt_ln-n'allty, which i:J.the taak:fo(thls ... , generation to aecompllah. ~-. · :, .. ~ .. ",:,., :;;~\:-,_:··

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