HARCOURT BUTLER TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

Submitted to:

Dr. Anand Kumar

(HOD)

Mechanical Department

Submitted by:

Kamal Singh

SR No. - 765/16

Roll No. 6604540010

A PRESENTATION ON

POSITIVE FEATURES OF COMPOSITES V/S METALS AND ALLOYS

OVERVIEW OF THIS PRESENTATION

Introduction

Composites

Classification of composites

Advantages of composites

Composite material structure

Orientation in different direction

Composite Materials in the Aeronautical Industry

Carbon fiber

Glass fiber

Aramid fiber (Kevlar)

Main fibers applied at aeronautical industry

Replacement of the aluminium materials by the composite materials in the aeronautical industry

Conclusion

INTRODUCTION

The application advantages of composites to replace metal alloys in

aviation is treated as a collection of results of studies and applications in

a vital sector of society. Because of the complexity, importance and

economic integration, several studies come from this important sector,

leveraging new structures in the transport area, and contributing to

produce everyday applications. The airline industry has become strategic

in the growth of world economies. these positive results the given high

cost of operation of airlines has been a limiting factor in the results of the

civil aviation industry

COMPOSITES

The word "composite" means "consisting of two or more

distinct parts." Thus a material having two or more distinct

constituent materials or phases may be considered a composite

material.

CLASSIFICATION OF COMPOSITES

• Polymer Matrix Composites

• Metal Matrix Composites

• Ceramic Matrix Composites

Polymer matrix composites (PMCs) are comprised of a variety of

short or continuous fibers bound together by an organic polymer matrix.

Unlike a ceramic matrix composite, in which the reinforcement is used

primarily to improve the fracture toughness, the reinforcement in a

polymer matrix composite provides strength and stiffness that are

lacking in the matrix

Metal matrix composite (MMC) is composite material with at least

two constituent parts, one being a metal necessarily, the other material

may be a different metal or another material, such as

a ceramic or organic compound. When at least three materials are

present, it is called a hybrid composite. An MMC is complementary to

a cermet.

Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are a subgroup of composite

material as well as a subgroup of technical ceramics. They consist of

ceramic fibers embedded in a ceramic matrix, thus forming a ceramic

fibre reinforced ceramic material. The matrix and fibres can consist of

any ceramic material, whereby carbon and carbon fiber can also be

considered a ceramic material.

ADVANTAGES OF COMPOSITES

1) Light Weight

2) High strength to weight ratio

3) Fire resistance

4) Corrosion Resistance

5) Chemical & weathering resistance

6) Low thermal conductivity

7) Design Flexibility

8) Manufacturing economy

9) Part Consolidation

10)Durable

COMPOSITE MATERIAL STRUCTURE

Fig:1 composite material structure

Fig:2 (a) unidirectional fibres sheet; (b) woven fibres sheet; (c) laminate consisting

of several sheets oriented in different directions

ORIENTATION IN DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS

COMPOSITE MATERIALS APPLIED IN THE

AERONAUTICAL INDUSTRY.

Carbon fibers, glass fibers and aramid fiber composites are the most

widely used in aviation, presenting advantages and also negative

factors

Fig:3 Aeronautical aluminium application in an aircraft wing

CARBON FIBERS

It is a synthetic fiber made from carbonaceous materials that can

be natural (with carbon poor performance not being used in

structures requiring strain), or polyacrylonitrile synthetic (high

yield on carbon) fiber known as "PAN" (from Polymer acrylic

nitrile).

GLASS FIBER

Widely used in the aircraft industry since the 60s, the silicon dioxide

(SiO2) raw material associated with other oxides, distinguished

basically the "E-glass" and the "S-glass" with elastic modulus and

different specific strength. The "E" refers to the "electric", as they have

more resistance to electrical conductivity than the fibers "S", being

more used in aircraft structures. Generally, the glass fibers are less

resistant than the carbon fibers with lower elasticity module and are

unsuitable for structures requiring stiffness.

ARAMID FIBER (KEVLAR)

One of the most important features is its extreme resistance

to shear that is derived from an aromatic polyamide

(thermoplastic polymer composed by amide monomers)

with similar construction process of the glass fiber. These

fibers are lightweight and have a lower tensile strength

than carbon fiber, but higher than aluminium.

MAIN FIBERS APPLIED AT AERONAUTICAL

INDUSTRY.

REPLACEMENT OF THE ALUMINIUM MATERIALS BY THE

COMPOSITE MATERIALS IN THE AERONAUTICAL

INDUSTRY

Airbus in Europe and the US Boeing

aircraft manufacturers are leading the use

of composite materials to replace metal

alloys. The safety requirement levels in

the aviation industry reaches almost

100% because the materials employed

that make up the structures should

support continued efforts and possess

high strength, fatigue and corrosion

values.Fig:5 Replacement of the aluminium materials by the composite

materials in the aeronautical industry

CONCLUSION

The applications expansion of the composites in increasingly complex

structures requires a huge effort in research and development work

which stimulates the formation of highly skilled human resources to

meet the requirements of lighter weight, strength and corrosion in a

new range of products from various sectors.

ThankYou