UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLÓGICA DE LA MIXTECACENTRO DE IDIOMAS, DIVISION DE ESTUDIOS DE POSGRADO

ENGLISH LANGUAGE READING PROGRAM: BASIC LEVEL

PROGRAMA DE LECTURANIVEL BÁSICO

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Table of ContentsPosgrado Programa de Lectura: Nivel Básico.........................................................................................4

Números importantes para el curso.....................................................................................................4

Formato del curso................................................................................................................................4

Week 1 readings: Parts of speech...........................................................................................................5

La gramática........................................................................................................................................5

Reading 1.1..........................................................................................................................................7

Reading 1.2..........................................................................................................................................9

Week 2 Readings: Daily routines..........................................................................................................11

La gramática: El presente simple y el presente continuo..................................................................11

Reading 2.1: Daily routines (simple present tense)...........................................................................12

Reading 2.2: Describing a scene (the present continuous)...............................................................14

Week 3 Readings: Talking about work / your studies............................................................................16

Grammar: Simple present tense questions........................................................................................16

Grammar rules: Present continuous questions..................................................................................16

Reading 3.1: The man who loves tornadoes.....................................................................................17

Reading 3.2: What do you do?..........................................................................................................19

Week 4 Readings: Talking about your family........................................................................................21

Grammar: Pronouns and possessive adjectives................................................................................21

Grammar: The possessive ‘s.............................................................................................................21

Vocabulary: Family.............................................................................................................................21

Reading 4.1: Jim’s family...................................................................................................................22

Reading 4.2: A letter from a penpal...................................................................................................24

Week 5 readings: Hobbies / Free time activities...................................................................................26

Grammar: Adjectives, Adverbs and expressions of frequency..........................................................26

Reading 5.1: Mary’s hobbies and interests........................................................................................27

Reading 5.2: Skiing............................................................................................................................28

Week 6 readings: Childhood and youth.................................................................................................30

Grammar: The simple past.................................................................................................................30

Reading 6.1: A first year university student.......................................................................................31

Reading 6.2: A long and happy life....................................................................................................32

Week 7 Readings: Hobbies in the past.................................................................................................33

Grammar: The simple past.................................................................................................................33

Grammar: The past continuous.........................................................................................................33

Reading 7.1: A letter to a friend.........................................................................................................34

Reading 7.2: The helpful dolphin.......................................................................................................35

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Week 8 Readings: Past jobs / studies...................................................................................................37

Vocabulary: Choosing the right word.................................................................................................37

Grammar: Parts of speech – revision................................................................................................37

Grammar: Simple past - revision.......................................................................................................38

Reading 8.1: Tom Stone....................................................................................................................39

Reading 8.2: Gunpei Yokoi (1941-1997)...........................................................................................40

Week 9 Readings : Last vacation..........................................................................................................42

Grammar: Simple past.......................................................................................................................42

Reading 9.1: Letter from Jim..............................................................................................................42

Reading 9.2: A School Trip to Paris...................................................................................................44

Week 10 Readings: Next vacation........................................................................................................46

Grammar: The future with (be) going to, the future with ‘will’.............................................................46

Reading 10.1: My terrible holiday......................................................................................................46

Reading 10.2: Advice to Business Travellers....................................................................................48

Week 11 Readings: Jobs and studies...................................................................................................50

Grammar: The future..........................................................................................................................50

Reading 11.1: Be careful out there!...................................................................................................50

Reading 11.2: Planning for the future................................................................................................51

Week 12 readings: Consolidation..........................................................................................................53

Grammar............................................................................................................................................53

Reading 12.1: Mad about Becks........................................................................................................53

Reading 12.2: Letter from Ben...........................................................................................................55

Answers.................................................................................................................................................57

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Posgrado Programa de Lectura: Nivel Básico¡Bienvenidos al Programa de Lectura del nivel Básico del inglés!

Números importantes para el curso

1Examen finalHay un examen final. El examen tendrá dos lecturas, y cuatro actividades para cada lectura.

2Lecturas para cada semanaHay dos lecturas cada semana: la lectura corta y la lectura larga.

La lectura corta tiene entre 100 y 150 palabras. La lectura larga tiene entre 200 y 400 palabras.

3ParcialesHay tres parciales. Cada parcial consiste de una lectura, y cuatro actividades para la lectura.

4Actividades para cada lecturaHay cuatro actividades para cada lectura. Uno se trata de la gramática, otra actividad trata del vocabulario, y dos actividades están enfocados en comprensión de lectura.

12SemanasEl curso esta dividido en 12 semanas. Se puede leer las lecturas en unos dias, en vez de seguir el plan de las semanas.

Formato del cursoPara cada semana, hay una tema, y un plan gramático. La primera sección de las materiales para la semana se tratará de la gramática. Esta sección es opcional. La segunda sección es la lectura corta, y la tercera sección es la lectura larga.

Temas y Gramática para cada semanaSemana

Tema Gramática

1 La estructura de oraciones en inglés

Parts of speech (nouns, verbs, etc)

2 Daily routines Simple present and present continuous

3 Work / studies Simple present tense

4 Family Simple present tense

5 Hobbies / free time Simple present tense

6 Childhood and youth Simple past tense

Semana

Tema Gramática

7 Hobbies in the past Simple past tense, used to

8 Past jobs / studies Simple past tense

9 Last vacation Simple past tense

10 Next vacation Future with will and be going to

11 Jobs / studies: hopes and dreams

Future with will and be going to

12 Consolidation Past, present and future

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Week 1 readings: Parts of speechLa gramática

Definition of terms

Terms Definition Examples

Adjectives Palabras que modifican los sustantivos Pretty, big, old, angry, smelly, interesting, good

Adverbs Palabras que modifican verbos, y tambien otros adverbios

Interestingly, quickly, intelligently, well, badly, slowly

Conjunctions Palabras que juntas dos palabras, frases, o clausulas

And, but, because, so, either, or

Determiners Palabras que indican que la palabra que sigue es un sustantivo

[Las palabras marcado con * son determiners y tambien adjetivos posesivos.]

A, an, the, this, that, my*, your*, his*, her*, one, many, a lot of, some

Prepositions Palabras que vienen antes de un sustantivo, y expresa una relacion entre ese sustantivo y otra palabra o parte de la oración

On, in, under, behind, before, in front of, beside, across from, next to, around

Pronouns Palabras que reemplazan los sustantivos I, he she, him, her, their, you, it, they, we, us.

Nouns Palabras que nombran gente, cosas, lugares o ideas

Susana, Robert, book, train, knife, bread, cheese

Verbs Palabras que expresan una acción o estado eat, play, read, hold, have, take, make, think, ask, feel, like

Word order in sentencesLa forma básica de la oración en inglés es:

Subject + Verb.

Oraciones como I run. (Yo corro.) Mary drives.(Mary se maneja.) Kelly is reading. (Kelly está leyendo.) son oraciones completas en inglés. (Nota: En español, por los cambios de los verbos, a veces no se necesita usar un sujeto, En inglés siempre se usa el sujeto.

Para formar oraciones más complejas, agregamos un objeto o complemento – algo que contesta la pregunta ‘¿qué?’ o da más información:

I run marathons. (Corro maratones.)

Mary drives her car. (Mary maneja su carro.)

Kelly is reading a book. Kelly está leyendo un libro.)

Se puede escribir oraciones aun más complejas agregando más información (en frases o clausulas). Con frecuencia, usamos preposiciones o conjunciones para agregar frases y clausulas.

I run marathons twice a year for fun.5

Mary drives her car to work at 7 o’clock every morning.

Kelly is reading her book and eating an apple.

Tambien podemos agregar más información usando adjetivos y adverbios. Adjetivos describen sustantivos (contestan la pregunta ‘¿que tipo de sustantivo es?’), y adverbios definen cómo se hizo una acción.

Sentence Question the adjective or adverb answers

I run short marathons. What type of marathons do you run?

Mary drives her old car slowly to work. 1) What type of car does Mary have?

2) How does Mary drive her car to work?

Kelly is reading a boring book and eating a big red juicy apple.

1) What type of book is Mary reading?

2) What type of apple is Mary eating?

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Reading 1.1

Lisa and Alan work in a bank. Lisa lives with her parents. Alan shares an apartment with his elder brother. Lisa and Alan are good friends. They drive to work together every day, in Alan’s car. Lisa works as a cashier, and Alan fixes the bank’s computers. They finish work at 5:00p.m. After work, Lisa goes to the gym, and does exercise. She likes to run on the treadmill, and lift weights. When she finishes exercising, she has a long, hot shower, and then takes the bus home. She is usually tired when she gets home, so she has dinner with her parents, and then goes to bed at 10 o’clock.Alan drives home alone. He and his brother watch the six o’clock news. Then they make dinner. Alan’s brother is a good cook, so the dinner is always delicious. Alan eats a huge dinner and then goes to sleep.

[Reading 1 is adapted from Grammar Sense 1, p.138. (149words)]

1.1 Comprehension. Who does it? Write the name of the person in each line. [¿Quién lo hace? Escriba el nombre de la persona en cada fila.]

Ej. lives with parents Lisa

a. Fixes computers

b. Does exercise

c. Takes a bus

d. Drives

e. Watches the news

1.2 Vocabulary. Find the word in the reading that has the same meaning as the word in Spanish below. [Busca una palabra en la lectura que tiene el mismo significado como la palabra escrito aqui en español.]

a. compartir

b. una ducha

c. solito

d. las noticias

1.3 Comprehension. True, False, or Doesn’t say? [¿Verdadero, Falso, o No dice?]

1. Lisa wakes up at 10.00 o’clock every day. True False Doesn’t say

2. Lisa has a shower at the gym. True False Doesn’t say

3. Alan goes home after work. True False Doesn’t say

4. Alan eats dinner. Then he watches the news. True False Doesn’t say

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1.4 Grammar. Put the words in the first three sentences into the following table. The number of words in each category (without repetitions) is given in brackets. [Toma palabras de las tres primeras oraciones de la lectura. Ponlas en la columna a cual padecen. El número de palabras que pueden estar en cada columna (sin repeticiones) está escrito entre paréntesis.]

Ejemplo: Articles (2) A, an

Noun (6)

Verb (3)

Adjective (1)

Preposition (2)

Pronoun (2)

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Reading 1.2

What Kind of Learner Are You?Researchers say that there are at least

three different types of learners.

Some learners are good listeners. Teachers like them because they always follow instructions. Julie Hong is a student like this. She gets A’s in all her classes at Deerfield High School in Connecticut. She loves school, and

her teachers love her because she always pays attention in class. “I pay attention because I don’t want to miss important information,” she says.

Some people learn from pictures and diagrams. They are very creative but don’t like details. Larry Dawson is a good example of this kind of learner. He is studying

graphic design at Warfield Community College in Ohio.

He is usually very good with ideas and concepts but sometimes has problems with details. “New ideas are exciting, but I often get bored at the end of a big project,” Larry admits.

Some learners rarely learn from books or pictures. They are “hands-on” learners. They learn from experience. Pete Donaldson is a good example of a hands-on learner. Pete is

studying computer science at the University of Florida. Pete never reads computer manuals and seldom looks at diagrams. He just spends hours on the computer. “That’s the best way for me to learn,” he says.So, what kind of learner are you?Do you always learn the same way? Or do you learn one way in some classes, and another way in others?

[Reading 2 is taken from Grammar Sense 1, p.155. (240 words)]

2.1 Vocabulary. Find the word or phrase that has the same meaning, from the reading. [Busca la palabra, o frase, que tiene el mismo significado en la lectura.]

Paragraph 1: Julie Hong

1. así

2. perder

Paragraph 2: Larry Dawson

3. no les gusta

4. dice

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2.2 Comprehension. Read the sentences. Fix the mistakes. [Lee las oraciones que siguen. Checa la lectura y corrige los errores.] A Larry le gusta fijarse en los detalles del cualquier trabajo que está haciendo. Larry estudia en una

escuela en Connecticut. Tener que terminar un proyecto le aburre. Pete estudia Ciencias

Empresariales en la universidad, y al él le gusta leer manuales de computación.

2.3 Comprehension. True or False? [¿Verdadero o Falso?]

1. Teachers like good listeners. True False

2. Good listeners don’t always follow instructions. True False

3. Julie Hong does well in school. True False

4. Hands-on learners don’t usually learn from books. True False

2.4 Grammar. Circle the correct part of speech for each word below. All the words come from the reading. [Escoge la respuesta correcta. Todas las palabras aparecen en la lectura.]

Paragraph 1: Julie Hong

1. learners a) noun b) verb c) adjective d) adverb

2. always a) noun b) verb c) adjective d) adverb

3. in a) noun b) adjective c) preposition d) conjunction

4. because a) noun b) adjective c) preposition d) conjunction

Paragraph 2: Larry Dawson

5. very a) adjective b) adverb c) preposition d) conjunction

6. is studying a) article b) pronoun c) verb d) adverb

7. problems a) article b) adverb c) noun d) conjunction

8. bored a) noun b) adjective c) adverb d) article

Paragraph 3: Pete Donaldson

9. or a) article b) preposition c) conjunction d) adverb

10. hands-on a) adjective b) noun c) adverb d) conjunction

11. seldom a) preposition b) adverb c) noun d) pronoun

12. me a) verb b) noun c) adjective d) pronoun

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Week 2 Readings: Daily routinesLa gramática: El presente simple y el presente continuoUsamos el presente simple para hablar de cosas que hacemos diario, o con frecuencia. Ej. I do my homework everyday. Tambien usamos el presente simple para hablar de emociones. Ej. I am angry.

Usamos el presente continuo para hablar de lo que esta pasando en el momento. Ej. I am reading my lecture notes.

La gramática del presente simple: oracionesLas oraciones toman la forma: Subject + verb (+ complement).

Ejemplo: Oraciones simples

Subject Verb ComplementMary lives .Susan lives in a house.Tomás lives alone.Alanna gets up at 5.00 o’clock.

Subject Verb ComplementI buy chocolates.They go to school.

Para escribir oraciones más complejas, agregamos más información (complementos).

Subject Verb Complement 1 Complement 2 Complemento 3Susan lives in a house outside town with her parents.Tomás lives alone in an apartment.Alanna gets up at 5.00 o’clock everyday.I buy chocolates from the store once a week.They go to school.

La gramática del presente continuo: oracionesLas oraciones toman la forma: Subject + verbo auxiliar + verbo principal en ‘gerundio’ (+ complement).

Ejemplo: Oraciones simples

Subject Auxiliary verb

Verb Complement

Mary is reading a book.Derek is writing a letter.Joe and Sue are playing tennis.I am doing my homework.

Para escribir oraciones mas complejas, agregamos mas información (complementos).

Subject Auxiliary verb

Verb Complement 1 Complement 2

Mary is reading a book at home.Derek is writing a letter to his father.Joe and Sue are playing tennis in their backyard.

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Subject Auxiliary verb

Verb Complement 1 Complement 2

I am doing my homework.

Reading 2.1: Daily routines (simple present tense)

Read what Rachel does every day.

I get up about seven thirty, have a shower and then have breakfast about eight o’clock. I have orange juice and toast. Then, I go to my office—I work in advertising. I don’t eat snacks so I’m quite hungry by lunchtime. I have lunch at one fifteen. I have an hour for lunch, and I often go to a café near my office. I have salad and sometimes I have a cake. And to drink? Well, water.

I get home from work about five thirty. I have dinner at about six thirty and I like cooking so I try to make something healthy—usually chicken or fish with rice or pasta. I never have a dessert, but I do have a cup of coffee after dinner. Then, I often go out—maybe to the cinema or with friends. I’m usually in bed by ten thirty during the week. [Modified from Objective KET. (149 words)]

1.1 Comprehension. Put the things Rachel does in order. Note: Some items on the list below might not appear in the reading. Ignore these. [Ponga en orden las cosas que Rachel hace diario. (Nota: Es posible que haya cosas en la lista abajo que no aparecen en la lectura. Ignorelas.)]

Cook dinnerDrink coffeeGet upGo homeGo to workHave a snackHave breakfastHave lunchMeet friends

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1.2 True, False, or Doesn’t Say? (¿Verdadero, Falso, o No dice?)

1. Rachel´s daily routine starts before 7:30. True False Doesn’t say2. After breakfast, she goes to her office. True False Doesn’t say3. She thinks the chocolate cakes are delicious. True False Doesn’t say4. She never drinks coffee or tea. True False Doesn’t say

1.3. Answer the questions. [Conteste las preguntas.]

1. What time does Rachel have breakfast?

2. Does Rachel work in a bank?

3. Who cooks dinner at Rachel’s house?

4. What does Rachel do at ten-thirty at night?

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1.4 Write three simple sentences, and three sentences that are more complex, using the information in the reading. [Escriba tres oraciones simples, y tres oraciones mas complejas, utilizando la información en la lectura.]Subject Verb Complement 1 Complement 2 Complemento 3Ej: Silvia gets up about seven thirty.1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

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Reading 2.2: Describing a scene (the present continuous)

Read the following entry from Julia’s journal.

12 SeptemberIt’s morning – my favourite time of day in Seattle. The city is waking up, and I am too. I’m sitting in a small coffee shop. Outside, the weather is gloomy. It’s cloudy, but it isn’t raining. Two people are waiting at the bus stop. The woman is angry. She is pointing to her watch. She’s complaining to the man next to her. He isn’t listening. He’s reading his newspaper. A couple is sitting on a bench. They’re about 25. The woman is wearing a waitress’s uniform. The man is wearing a bus driver’s uniform. They aren’t talking. They are just holding hands and smiling at each other. I’m sure they are in love. Another couple is standing next to them. They’re both about 40. They are carrying briefcases and wearing expensive clothes. They aren’t talking; they aren’t holding hands; and they aren’t smiling. They are married – I’m sure. Are they fighting? Maybe. The woman is looking at the young couple. Maybe she’s thinking about happier times.I like sitting in this café every morning and watching the world go by. I like imagining stories for each person I see. One day, when I’m a famous author, and people ask me where I get my ideas, I will tell them about sitting in this café, looking out the window.[Adapted from Grammar Sense 1, p.120. (220words)]

2.1 Vocabulary. Find a word in the reading that has the same meaning.

1. nublado (para 1) 2. enojada (para 1) 3. maletas (para 3) 4. luchando (para 3)

2.2 Reading comprehension. Answer the questions.

1. How many people are waiting for a bus?

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2. Who is in love?

3. Is the man in his 40s married?

2.3 Write True or False for each statement.

1. Julia is waiting for a bus. True False

2. The sun is shining. True False

3. A woman is complaining. True False

4. A woman is reading the newspaper. True False

5. A man and a woman are sitting on a bench. True False

2.4 Grammar. Look at the passage above. Write down three sentences in the simple present, and three sentences in the present continuous.

Simple present

Subject Verb Complement 1

E.g. The weather is gloomy.

1.

2.

3.

Present continuous

Subject Auxiliary verb Verb Complement 1

E.g. It isn’t raining .

1.

2.

3.

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Week 3 Readings: Talking about work / your studiesGrammar: Simple present tense questionsAll questions with the verb “to be” follow a different rule to the other questions.

Questions with the verb “to be”Question word Verb 'to be' Subject …?What is your name ?Why are you angry with me?

Are you married?Is your house big?

Questions with all other verbs (except “to be”)There are two types of questions you can form: long answer questions (Wh- questions, QASI questions), and yes/no questions (ASI questions). All these questions use the helper verb (auxiliary verb) ‘to do’.

Question word Auxiliary verb

Subject main verb in Infinitive form (without 'to')

…?

Q A S I …?What does your father do ?What kind of movies do you like to watch?

Do you do your homework everyday?How many books does Jolanta read everyday?

Grammar rules: Present continuous questionsThere are two types of questions you can form: long answer questions (Wh- questions, QASG questions), and yes/no questions (ASG questions). All these questions use the helper verb (auxiliary verb) ‘to be’.

Question word Auxiliary verb

Subject main verb in gerund form (verb+ing)

…?

Q A S G …?Where are you going ?Who is Carla talking with?

Are you doing your homework now?

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Reading 3.1: The man who loves tornadoesWarren Faidley has an unusual job—he likes bad weather so much that he

follows storms, really bad storms like tornadoes. He was born in the middle of the USA. This part of the world has more tornadoes than the rest of the country. Warren travels all over North America to find tornadoes and other storms. When he finds one he makes a film of it and uses his computer to give him extra information. He enjoys taking photos of bad weather. He believes it is very important for people to know about bad weather. He works for the government and also for Hollywood. He helped on the film Twister, which was about tornadoes. He says his job can be very frightening but he does everything he needs to do to keep himself safe. [From Objective KET. (134 words)]

1.1 Vocabulary: Write a word or phrase from the reading that has the same meaning.

1. raro

2. alrededor de

3. saber sobre

4. haciéndole sentir miedo

1.2 Comprehension. True, False, or Doesn’t say?

1. Warren is American. True False Doesn’t say

2. America has more tornadoes than other countries. True False Doesn’t say

3. Warren made the film Twister. True False Doesn’t say

4. Warren’s job is scary. True False Doesn’t say

1.3 Comprehension. Answer the questions using one word answers.

Questions Answers

E.g. What kind of weather does Warren like? E.g. bad

1. What is another word for tornadoes?

2. What does Warren use to get extra information?

3. Does Warren believe that people should know about bad weather?

4. Is Warren’s job safe?

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1.4 Grammar. Read the answers. Write the questions.

Questions Answers

E.g. What kind of weather does Warren like? E.g. Warren likes bad weather.

1. Warren finds tornadoes and other storms.

2. Warren works for the government.

3. Yes, his job is frightening.

4. Warren helped make the movie “Twister.”

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Reading 3.2: What do you do?

Career Path asks “What do you do?”Interviews with students with unusual lives

Every month Career Path magazine interviews a student with an unusual life. This month, Kyla Adams is our unusual student. Kyla is a very busy young woman. She is a student, and she dances for the Ballet Tech Company in New York City. Read what Kyla says to our interviewer.

Career Path: How many hours a day do you dance?Kyla: A lot. I have ballet class from 10:30

to 12:00. Then we rehearse from 12:00 to 3:30 and 4:30 to 6:00.Career Path: What do you do after rehearsal?Kyla: I’m usually very tired. I go home and make dinner. Then I study or read and go to bed.Career Path: Who do you live with?Kyla: I live alone. I have a tiny apartment in Manhattan.

Career Path: Where does your family live?Kyla: They’re about four hours away in Vermont.Career Path: Do you get lonely?Kyla: No. I have a lot of friends. They call or visit a lot.Career Path: Does your family visit you?Kyla: Oh yes. They come here, or I go home twice a month.Career Path: You are still in high school. Who teaches you?Kyla: I have a tutor for a couple of classes. For my other classes, I work by myself. But I communicate with students in my home high school on the telephone and the computer.

Career Path: When do you study?

Kyla: On Sundays. That’s my day off. We have three weeks of vacation a year. I study a lot then, too.

Career Path: How are you doing in school?

Kyla: Very well. I’m actually the valedictorian of my high school class.

Career Path: What do you do in your free time?

Kyla: I don’t have much free time. But I live in New York City, so it’s not hard to find things to do!

[From Grammar Sense 1, pp.134-135. (291 words)]

2.1 Vocabulary. Find a word or phrase in the reading that has the same meaning as:

1. Ensayamos

2. Llamar (por teléfono)

3. Dos veces

4. Persona que da el discurso de despedida en la ceremonia de graduación

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2.3 Comprehension. Answer the questions.

1. How many hours a day does Kyla dance for?

2. Does Kyla live with her family?

3. How many times in a month does Kyla see her family?

4. How much vacation time does Kyla get every year?

2.4 Comprehension. Circle True or False.

1. Kyla works full time and also studies. True False

2. Kyla usually buys dinner. True False

3. Kyla’s apartment is big. True False

4. Kyla has a tutor for some classes. True False

5. Kyla studies for three weeks a year. True False

2.4 Grammar. Put the words in the correct order to make questions. Then answer the questions with your own information.

1. live / do / with / who / you / ?

2. get / you / do / lonely / ?

3. visit / family / does / your / you / ?

4. doing / how / school / you / are / in / ?

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Week 4 Readings: Talking about your family Grammar: Pronouns and possessive adjectivesSubject pronoun Object pronoun Possessive adjective(usually comes before the verb, in sentences)

(usually comes after the verb, in sentences)

(is always followed by a noun)

I Me MyYou You YourHe Him HisShe Her HerIt It ItsWe Us OurYou You YourThey Them Their

Sentence order.I love him.

This is my book.

Grammar: The possessive ‘sContestando la pregunta ‘de quien es ese…?’ o ‘a quien le pertenece este…?’, en inglés, usamos ‘s, en vez del ‘de’ de español.

Whose book is this? It is Sarah’s book. It’s Sarah’s.

[¿De quien es ese libro? Es el libro de Sarah.]

Whose clothes are these? They’re Mark’s clothes. They’re Mark’s.

[¿De quien es la ropa? Es la ropa de Mark.]

Vocabulary: FamilyGrandmother AbuelaGrandfather AbueloGrandson NietoGranddaughter NietaGrandchildren Los nietosFather PadreMother MadreThe parents Los papásSister HermanaBrother HermanoBrothers HermanosSisters Hermanas

The siblings Hermanos y hermanas

Uncle TioAunt TiaUncles and aunts

Los tios

Nephew SobrinoNiece SobrinaCousin Primo /

primaHusband EsposoWife Esposa

Husband and wife

Los esposos

Son HijoDaughter HijaChildren HijosMother-in-law SuegraFather-in-law SuegroDaughter-in-law NueraSon-in-law YernoThe in-laws Los suegros

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Reading 4.1: Jim’s family

Betty: What a nice photograph! Robin, is it yours?

Robin: Yes, it’s mine.

Betty: Is this your family?

Robin: Well, it’s Jim’s family. This is Jim. He’s my husband. He’s the man on the left. The woman next to him is his elder sister, Diane. The tall man in the hat is Diego, her husband. He’s carrying their baby daughter, Anna. And the boy standing next to him is their son, Juan.

Betty: Is the woman in the white dress Jim’s mother?

Robin: No, she’s his aunt Linda. Linda’s their dad’s only sister. She lives in Guatemala and visits regularly.

Betty: Where do their parents live? Do they also live in Chicago?

Robin: No, my inlaws, John and Edna, live in Florida.

Betty: What a beautiful house! Is it her house?

Robin: No, it’s our house…but thank you for the compliment!

[Adapted from Grammar Sense 1, p.110. (131 words)]

1.1 Comprehension. Read the conversation above, and put the names of the family members into the family tree below.

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hg

ed Robinf

a cb

1.2 Vocabulary. What is the relationship between each person?Ejemplo: John is Robin’s father-in-law.

1. Diego is Diane’s ______________.

2. Juan is Anna’s ______________.

3. Robin is John’s ______________.

4. Diane is Linda’s ______________.

1.3 Comprehension. Answer the questions.

1. Who is older, Jim or Diane?

2. Whose house is it?

3. Which city do Jim and Robin live in?

4. What’s Diego’s son’s name?

1.4 Grammar. Write down the relationship between each person using the possessive ‘s.Ejemplo: (Anna-Juan) Anna is Juan’s sister.

1. (Edna-Jim) Edna is ______________.

2. (Juan-Edna) Juan is ______________.

3. (Robin-Anna) Robin is ______________.

4. (Jim-John) Jim is ______________.

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Reading 4.2: A letter from a penpalHi Koji,It was nice to get your letter, and to see the photograph of your family. I’m sending you some photographs of my family in this letter. I hope you like them!There are seven people in my family: my parents, my brother, his wife and daughter, my sister, and me. Our house is pretty big – it has seven bedrooms – so we have enough room for everyone. My parents, Leo and Lucia, are doctors, and are often away from home, working in their clinic. My brother is the eldest child – he’s six years older than me. He and his wife, Marisol, have a two year old daughter, my niece Karina. Karina speaks both English and Spanish, and is, I think, the most intelligent child ever!My brother’s wife is Mexican. Her family come to visit us quite often, and, when they visit, the house is full of noise and music and laughter. My sister Susana is three years older than me. She’s studying Computer Science in university. She wants to work for a big computer company when she graduates. (Oh, I forgot to tell you – my brother Tom is a businessman, and Marisol’s a kindergarten teacher.)Tom, Susana, and Marisol all studied at the university in our town – I don’t want to go there when I finish high school – I’d like to go to university in another town. What about you? Do you plan to go to the same university that your sister went to? What do you want to study?I hope to hear from you soon – write back quickly!Love,Your penfriend, Elena2.1 Vocabulary. Complete the sentence with the correct word/s.1. Susana and Elena are Karina’s _____________.

2. Elena’s parents work in a _______________.

3. Elena is a ________________ student.

4. Koji is Elena’s ______________.

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2.2 Comprehension. Circle True or False.

1. Elena has met Koji’s family. True False

2. Tom is older than Elena. True False

3. Karina speaks two languages. True False

4. Susana works for a computer company. True False

5. Koji doesn’t have any brothers or sisters. True False

2.3 Grammar/Comprehension. Read the passage below, written by Leo. Complete the sentences with the correct words.Hello, my name is Leo. My (a) __________ name is Lucia. (b) ______ have three children: a boy and

two girls. My son is married. My (c) ____________________ name is Marisol. I have one (d)

_____________: her name is Karina. Karina and (e) __________ parents live with (f) _______ in my

house. Our (g) ______________, Marisol’s parents, come to visit us quite often. (h) _________ are

from Mexico.

2.4 Grammar. Write the relationship between the two people. Write complete sentences.Example: (Elena-Tom) Elena is Tom’s sister.

1. (Karina-Lucia)

2. (Leo-Marisol)

3. (Tom-Karina)

4. (Susana-Karina)

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Week 5 readings: Hobbies / Free time activitiesGrammar: Adjectives, Adverbs and expressions of frequency

AdjectivesAdjectives describe nouns. Comparative adjectives compare two different things or people, and take the form “more/less adjective than” with adjectives of two or more syllables, and “adjectiveer than” with one or two syllable adjectives.

Superlative adjectives compare something (or someone) to everything / everyone else, and take the form “themost/least adjective” or “the adjectiveest” for one or two syllable adjectives.

Adverbs of frequencyAdverbs of frequency come before the main verb in sentences. They come between the auxiliary verb and the main verb when both appear in a sentence. Some (usually, often, frequently, sometimes, occasionally) can also appear at the start of a sentence. They never appear at the end of a sentence.

Frequency English Spanish

100% of the time Always Siempre

about 90% of the time Usually Normalmente

about 70% of the time Often / frequently Con frecuencia, a menudo

about 50% of the time Sometimes A veces

about 30% of the time Occasionally De vez en cuando

about 10% of the time Seldom Rara vez

about 5% of the time Rarely / hardly ever Rara vez / casi nunca

about 0% of the time Never Nunca

Expressions of frequencyThese can come at the end of a sentence, or at the start. They usually answer the questions “How many times…?” and “When…?” and give more detail with the question “How often…?”.

Examples:

How many times a day does Joe brush his teeth? Joe brushes his teeth twice a day.

How often does Mary do her homework? Mary does her homework every day.

When does Gill go dancing? Gill goes dancing on Saturday evenings.

How often does Patrick visit his mother? Patrick always visits his mother once a week.

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Reading 5.1: Mary’s hobbies and interestsMary has a lot of hobbies and interests. She usually gets up early so she can run before work. She doesn't often have time to ski, but she occasionally goes on Saturdays during the winter. Mary often rides a horse at a stable near her home. She sometimes goes after work, but she usually goes horseback riding on Sundays. She loves music. She always goes to choir practice on Wednesday evenings and sings in church on Sundays. She doesn't have much extra money, so she rarely goes to concerts in the city. She seldom watches TV because she likes doing things outside. She usually goes to the gym if it's raining outside. She isn't often alone because she has a lot of friends. She occasionally does something alone, but she usually does her activities with one of her friends. She's a happy woman![Downloaded from http://esl.about.com/od/beginnerreadingskills/a/adverbs_of_frequency_reading.htm on 13 October 2012. (143 words)]

1.1 Vocabulary. Put the activities in order, from what Mary does most frequently (1) to those she does least frequently (5).

a. Get up early

b. Go skiing in winter

c. Ride a horse

d. Go to choir practice

e. Go to concerts

1.2 Comprehension. Circle True or False.

1. Mary does a lot of exercise. True False

2.There is a stable near Mary’s workplace. True False

3. Mary goes to concerts more frequently than she sings. True False

4. Mary has a T.V. True False

1.3 Comprehension. Answer the questions.

1. Does Mary go skiing every Saturday?

2. Name two things Mary does on Sundays.

3. When does Mary go to the gym?

4. How often does Mary do things alone?

1.4 Grammar. Write an adverb and an expression of frequency for each of the following activities to describe how often Mary does them.

Adverb of frequency Expression of frequency

Go skiing a. b.

Rides a horse c. d.

Go to choir practice e. f.

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Reading 5.2: SkiingSkiing is one of the healthiest and most popular sports in the world. According to recent estimates, about one hundred million people ski regularly or occasionally. Sliding across the snow on skis is also one of the most ancient methods of transport known to man.

History and archaeology tell us that men were already travelling across the snow by means of primitive skis before the invention of the wheel. In the Asiatic region of Altai and in Scandinavia, for example, the remains of skis have been found which date back to 4,000 BC. Further evidence is supplied by ancient cave

paintings which depict people skiing, and a Norwegian saga which tells the story of an invasion of its territory 8,000 years ago by a tribe of skiers who came from the north.

Nowadays, skiing, apart from being a sport, has become a big industry and a notable feature of leisure culture. Ski resorts and all the activity that they generate are the main source of wealth in many mountain regions, which were previously remote and inaccessible. And far from its once elitist image, skiing is now enjoyed by an increasingly broader spectrum of society. When are you going to go skiing?

[Adapted from http://www.miguelmllop.com/practice/intermediate/readingcomprehension/skiing.pdf on 12 October 2012. (201 words)]

2.1 Vocabulary. Match the word from the reading with the correct meaning in Spanish.

1. healthiest a. tiempo libre

2. estimates b. gama

3. depict c. más sana

4. leisure d. muestra

5. spectrum e. cálculos

2.2 Comprehension. Write the activity for each number.

a. 100,000,000

b. 4,000

c. 8,000

2.3 Comprehension. Circle the sentence that has the same meaning.1. Skiing is one of the most ancient methods of transport known to man.

a) People have been skiing for a long time.

b) Old people like to ski.

c) Man knows how to transport skis.

2. Men were travelling across the snow before the invention of the wheel.

a) The wheel was invented before skis were.

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b) Skis were invented before the wheel.

c) Skis and the wheel were invented at the same time.

3. Nowadays, skiing has become a big industry.

a) You can go to skiing factories.

b) A lot of people go skiing.

c) Skiiers are big people.

4. Skiing is now enjoyed by an increasingly broader spectrum of society.

a) Skiing is enjoyable.

b) A lot of fat people ski.

c) Both rich and poor people go skiing.

2.4 Grammar. Write down words from the text into the following categories.

a. Superlative adjectives (2)

b. Other Adjective (2)

c. Adverb of frequency (2)

d. Other Adverb (2)

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Week 6 readings: Childhood and youthGrammar: The simple pastWe use the simple past to talk about things that started and finished in the past.

The verb “to be” is the only verb that does not take on an auxiliary verb in questions, negative sentences, and the short answers in the simple past. All other verbs use the auxiliary verb “to do” in the past tense (did).

Questions with the verb “to be”Question word Verb “to be” Subject …?Where were you born?

Was Roman at home last night?How old were you when you got married?

Questions with the simple pastQuestion word Auxiliary verb Subject Main verb in infinitive (without “to”) …?

Q A S I …?Where Did Your sister Have Her baby?Why Did The doctor Take A photo of the injury?How many beers Did You Drink Last night?

Negative sentencesSubject Auxiliary verb Not Main verb in infinitive form (without “to”) …

S A not I …Hema Did Not Meet My parents last week.Tim and Mike Did N’t Talk To the doctor.Karen Did N’t See A giraffe.

Affirmative sentencesThe main verb is conjugated to its past tense form. All regular verbs end in “ed”. Irregular verbs must be memorised.

Subject Verb in simple past …I bought a new car last week.Susan and Derek went for a walk last night.Tina saw a movie yesterday.

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Reading 6.1: A first year university studentYoshi says: I went to university in Mexico City. As a first year university student, I had many problems. I didn’t have any friends, and I was very lonely. I also didn’t speak much Spanish then, so I had a few problems communicating. At the beginning, a lot of things were strange, like the food and the subways. Luckily, I met a few students from my country, Japan, and they helped me. Today I know a lot of people. I also speak more Spanish, so I have fewer problems.

Juan says: When I was in my first year of university, I didn’t have many friends. I spent all my free time studying, so that I would pass my exams. At the end of my first year, I met my girlfriend. She introduced me to a lot of other people. Now I have a lot of friends, and I enjoy university.[Adapted from Grammar Sense 1, p.245. (150 words)]

1.1 Vocabulary. Write the word or phrase in English that has the same meaning as the word or phrase in Spanish, below. All the words appear in the reading.

Sentirse solo

Afortunadamente

Tenía menos problemas

Aprobar

1.2 Comprehension. True, False, or Doesn’t say?

1. Yoshi is Mexican. True False Doesn’t say

2. When he started university, Yoshi had no friends. True False Doesn’t say

3. Juan is from Mexico. True False Doesn’t say

4. Juan has a girlfriend. True False Doesn’t say

1.3 Comprehension. Answer the questions.

1. Did Yoshi speak Spanish when he started university?

2. What did Yoshi find strange?

3. What did Juan do in his free time?

4. When did Juan meet his girlfriend?

1.4 Grammar. Write one affirmative sentence and one negative sentence for Yoshi and Juan.

(examples) Yoshi Juan

Affirmative

Negative

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Reading 6.2: A long and happy lifeSome of the oldest people in the world are said to live in Azerbaijan. The most famous of all was Shirali Muslimov, who died on 2 September 1973 at the age of 168. Today, doctors do not think this is possible, but he was a very old man—probably nearer 120 than 160!

Another person who was once the oldest person in the world was Kamato Hongo. She was born in 1887 in Japan, and died in 2003 at the age of 116. Kamato usually slept for two full days at a time and then was awake for two full days. She said to live a long life you mustn’t “think too much”, and her favourite things were sugar, steak and green tea.

Joan Riudavets Moll was born on 15 December 1889 on the Balearic Island of Menorca. He still lives there, spending up to 14 hours a day asleep. Riudavets really wanted to be a doctor but he became a shoemaker, working at home in the family business. He has three daughters in all, with five grandsons and six great-grandchildren. He rarely leaves his home. He thinks planes and electricity are the most important changes he has seen in his life. During his life he has played a lot of football—his favourite game—and still enjoys singing and playing the guitar. What does Joan Riudavets Moll say about living a long life? “If you eat a little but often, you will live a long life.”

[Adapted from Objective KET. (247 words)]

2.1 Comprehension. Match the person with the information.

Shirali Muslimov ( ) ( ) Kamato Hongo ( ) ( ) Joan Riudavets Moll ( ) ( )

a. 116 b. 14 hours c. 1973 d. 120 e. 5 grandsons f. two days

2.2 Comprehension. Answer the questions.

1. Who died in 2003?

2. What was Riudavets’ job?

3. What is Riudavets’ favourite game?

4. What is Riudavets’ secret to living a long life?

2.3 Comprehension. True, False, or Doesn’t say?

1. Doctors now think Shirali Muslimov was probably younger than he thought he was. True False Doesn’t say

2. Kamato Hongo lived a long life because she only ate vegetables. True False Doesn’t say

3. Joan Riudavets Moll sleeps less now than he did when he was younger. True False Doesn’t say

4. Joan was married three times. True False Doesn’t say

2.4 Grammar. Write the question.

1. Shirali Muslimov was from Azerbaijan.

2. Kamato Hongo died at the age of 116.

3. Riudavets was born in 1889.

4. Riudavets wanted to be a doctor.35

Week 7 Readings: Hobbies in the pastGrammar: The simple past[See the grammar notes for Week 6 for a summary of the simple past tense.]

Grammar: The past continuousWe use the past continuous to say that someone was in the middle of doing something at a certain time. The action or situation had already started before this time, but hadn’t finished.

The past continuous does not tell us if an action was finished or not. The simple past always tells us that an action was finished.

We often used the past continuous and the simple past together to say that something happened (simple past) in the middle of something else (past continuous).

[Explanation from Raymond Murphy’s Grammar in Use.]

Questions Question

wordAuxiliary

verbSubject Main verb in gerund

form (verb+ing)…?

Q A S G …?What was she reading when you saw her?

Where were they going when you ran into them?

was Susan wearing a black dress when you saw her yesterday?

Negative sentencesSubject Auxiliary verb Not Main verb in gerund

form (verb+ing)…

S A not G …Derek was not waiting when I arrived.

Tim & Jo were not visiting their parents last weekend.

Alan was n’t dancing with Marla.

Affirmative sentencesSubject Auxiliary

verbMain verb in gerund

form (verb+ing)…

S A G …Kayla was eating alone when she saw Bob and Mary.

My husband and I were living in Brazil this time last year.

Kayla was crying when I phoned her.

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Reading 7.1: A letter to a friendHi Steffi,

My parents took us to Parc Asterix just north of Paris yesterday. It was fantastic! In the morning, we were driving up the A1 motorway from Paris when my younger brother saw a big sign with Asterix on it. He laughed and screamed—he was more excited than I was!

We spent eight hours at the park and enjoyed everything—the rides, the little plays outside and the wild boar sandwiches! The best thing for me was meeting Obelix because he is my favourite person in the stories. My brother asked him about his red hair and we got a photo of us all together.

We may go there again (my dad isn’t sure). If we do, why don’t you come too?

Love,

Amelie

[From Objective KET. (126 words)]

1.1 Comprehension. Right, wrong, or doesn’t say?

1. Amelie wrote an email to Steffi. Right Wrong Doesn’t say

2. Parc Asterix is near Paris. Right Wrong Doesn’t say

3. Her brother was excited. Right Wrong Doesn’t say

4. They ate breakfast and lunch at the park. Right Wrong Doesn’t say

1.2 Vocabulary. Find a word or phrase in the text that has the same meaning.

1. nos llevaron (2 words)

2. gritó (1 word)

3. obras de teatro (1 word)

4. juntos (1 word)

1.3 Comprehension. Answer the questions.1. Who did Amelie go to Parc Asterix with?

2. Who is older, Amelie or her brother?

3. Who has red hair?

4. What did Amelie eat at the park?

1.4 Grammar. Write down two sentences using the simple past and two using the past continuous, from the reading above.

Simple past Past continuous

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Reading 7.2: The helpful dolphin

One Christmas, I went to Florida, in the USA, on holiday. I said goodbye to my family at the airport in London and I flew to Miami. It was snowing and cold in London when I left, but it was sunny and hot in Miami. My friend Gina was waiting for me at the airport, with her mother. They drove me to their apartment. They had a swimming pool in the apartment complex and, the first two days I was in Miami, I didn’t go anywhere – I just went down to the pool, and spent the day swimming, sunbathing, and talking with Gina. In the evenings, I helped Gina and her mother make Christmas cake and bacalao, which is a Mexican Christmas dish.

On Christmas Day, Gina’s grandfather came to visit. He had a boat, and invited us to go sailing with him the next day. We had a lovely time sailing around the harbour. I loved it! Then I decided to sit on the side of the boat. Suddenly, I fell off into the sea. I didn’t know how to swim very well and I began to shout. Then, after a minute I felt something push me nearer the boat. It was a dolphin and he was trying to help me. Gina heard me shout and her grandfather pulled me back on the boat. I have now learnt to swim and I will always love dolphins.

[Adapted from Objective KET. (237 words)]

2.1 Vocabulary. Find a word or phrase in the text that has the same meaning.

1. nevando (1 word)

2. tomando el sol (1 word)

3. puerto (1 word)

4. tratando (1 word)

2.2 Comprehension. Right, wrong, or doesn’t say?

1. The girl went to London for vacation. Right Wrong Doesn’t say

2. The girl´s grandfather sails. Right Wrong Doesn’t say

3. The girl was a good swimmer. Right Wrong Doesn’t say

4. The dolphin pushed the girl. Right Wrong Doesn’t say

2.3 Comprehension. Number the events to put them in order (1-6).

a. Gina and her mum drove the girl to their apartment.

b. The girl fell out of the boat.

c. Gina’s grandfather visited.

d. The girl learnt to swim.

e. The girl spent her time sunbathing.

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f. The girl went to London airport.

2.4 Grammar. Put the words in the correct order to make true sentences about the events in the story above.

1. family / girl’s / in / lives / London / the

2. bacalao / evenings / girl / in / made / the / the

3. but / couldn’t / girl / loved / sailing / swim / the / very / well

4. and / dolphin / grandfather / pulled / pushed / the / the

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Week 8 Readings: Past jobs / studiesThis week, there are no new grammar sections. We will be revising two things we have looked at in the past: parts of speech (Week 1), and the simple past tense (Weeks 6 and 7), and looking at building vocabulary.

Vocabulary: Choosing the right wordSometimes, when you look up a dictionary, two or three meanings are given for a word. How do you choose the right meaning? At beginner level, the easiest way to do this is to look up each meaning in a bilingual dictionary, and choose the correct one. At higher levels, as you build up more vocabulary, use the words you already know to make the right choices.

Example: I study at home every night.

Take the word “study” in the sentence above.

1. What do we know about it? – It’s a verb. (It comes after the subject pronoun “I”.) It’s in the present tense.

2. Now, which of these three words can we replace “study” with in the sentence above, without changing the meaning of the sentence?

a. revise this is also a verb

it has a different meaning – it means to ‘ go over again’

b. do research this is also a verb

it has a similar meaning

c. inquiry this is not a verb

Grammar: Parts of speech – revision

a. noun b. verb c. adjective d. adverb

sustantivo verbo adjetivo adverbio

e. preposition f. article g. conjunction h. pronoun

preposición articulo conjunción pronombre

Basic sentence form: Noun + verbI eat. Sam drives. The baby plays.

Complex sentences: Noun + verb + noun (Subject +verb + object)They went home. She bought a car. I eat chocolate.

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More complex sentences: Add more information

They went to the bank with friends last night.

Silvia eats an apple everyday.

My sister lives in England with her husband and three children.

The baby plays with its toys alone.

Grammar: Simple past - revisionWe use the simple past to talk about things that started and finished in the past.

Questions with the simple past (all verbs except ‘be’)

Question word Auxiliary verb Subject Main verb in infinitive (without “to”) …?

Q A S I …?

Where did your sister have her baby?

Why did the doctor take a photo of the injury?

How many beers did you drink last night?

Negative sentences

Subject Auxiliary verb Not Main verb in infinitive form (without “to”) …

S A not I …

Hema did not meet my parents last week.

Tim and Mike did n’t talk to the doctor.

Karen did n’t see a giraffe.

Affirmative sentencesThe main verb is conjugated to its past tense form. All regular verbs end in “ed”. Irregular verbs must be memorised.

Subject Verb in simple past …

I bought a new car last week.

Susan and Derek went for a walk last night.

Tina saw a movie yesterday.

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Reading 8.1: Tom StoneTom Stone works in south-east England as an engineer. Two years ago, he bought a house in France and moved there with his family. Both his children like their French schools and they have made lots of new friends. For two years, Tom traveled to work every day on Le Shuttle, a train that takes cars to England. When he began doing this journey, he decided to catch the train at 5 am. This meant leaving his house at 3:30 am! Tom wasn’t sure about doing this every day, but says he soon found it easy to get up early. He has taken the train ever since, because then he can be home again by 6 pm. [From Objective KET. (117 words)]

1.1 Comprehension. Answer the questions. Write complete sentences.

1. Where does Tom live?

2. Do Tom’s children study in England?

3. How does Tom get to work?

4. What time does Tom get home?

1.2 Vocabulary. Circle the word that has the same meaning as the word in the text.

E.g. ago a. hence b. earlier c. when

1. bought a. stole b. purchased c. valued

2. began a. activated b. established c. commenced

3. journey a. trip b. travel c. traverse

4. sure a. convinced b. satisfied c. unshaken

1.3 Comprehension. Circle Right or Wrong.

1. Tom Stone is an engineer. Right Wrong

2. Tom has six children. Right Wrong

3. Le Shuttle is a train. Right Wrong

4. Tom leaves the house at 5 am. Right Wrong

1.4 Grammar. Circle the correct part of speech.

E.g. in a. noun b. preposition c. conjunction

1. his a. article b. conjunction c. pronoun

2. and a. preposition b. conjunction c. adverb

3. doing a. noun b. verb c. preposition

4. easy a. adjective b. adverb c. article42

Reading 8.2: Gunpei Yokoi (1941-1997)

Gunpei Yokoi (1941-1997)Gunpei Yokoi was born in 1941 and lived in the city of Kyoto in Japan. After Gunpei graduated from Doshisha University, with a degree in electronics, he started looking for a job, and, in 1965, he went to work at Nintendo. The Nintendo Company was started in 1889 to make playing cards. Gunpei worked in the games department of the company. On his first day there, Gunpei had the idea for a new game. Nintendo call it “Ultrahand.” They sold 1.2 million of the “Ultrahand” game in its first year. Gunpei then began to work on video games. He wanted to make cheap machines which people could carry in their hand.One day, while Gunpei was riding on a train, he saw a bored businessman playing with the buttons on a small calculator. He had an idea, and started designing a new toy. In 1989 Gunpei made the first Game Boy. It is one of the most popular games in

the world and Nintendo has sold millions of these games.Sadly, Gunpei Yokoi died when he was hit by two cars, at the age of 56.We never know how much time we're going to have. Our tombstones are emblazoned with three things under our names – a birth date, a death date, and a dash in the middle. We have no control over the first one – that's mostly up to our parents. We have more control over the second one, and yet still never know when it's going to come. But the one thing on that tombstone we do have full control over is that dash in the middle. That simple punctuation mark sums up our entire lifetime of choices and experiences.Gunpei Yokoi did a lot with his dash. Let's all try to do the same.

[Adapted from Objective KET and http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/10/06/the-incredible-legacy-of-gunpei-yokoi (297 words)]

2.1 Vocabulary. Circle the word or picture that has the same meaning as the word in the reading.

1. playing cards

a. b. c.

2. cheap a. economical b. dear c. costly

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3. tombstones

a. b. c.

4. dash a. / b. - c. *

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2.2 Comprehension. Right, Wrong, or Doesn’t say?

1. Gunpei was born in China. Right Wrong Doesn’t say

2. Nintendo first made playing cards. Right Wrong Doesn’t say

3. Nintendo is the biggest company in Japan. Right Wrong Doesn’t say

4. Gunpei died playing Gameboy. Right Wrong Doesn’t say

2.3 Comprehension. Write the question for each answer.

1. Gunpei graduated from Doshisha University.

2. Gunpei wanted to make cheap machines.

3. Gunpei made the first Gameboy in 1989.

4. The one thing on the tombstone that we have control over is the dash in the middle.

2.4 Grammar. Circle the correct part of speech.

1. born a. article b. adverb c. adjective

2. while a. noun b. preposition c. adverb

3. emblazoned a. pronoun b. conjunction c. verb

4. punctuation mark a. noun b. adjective c. article

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Week 9 Readings : Last vacationGrammar: Simple pastPlease look at the grammar notes from previous weeks. There is no new grammar material this week.

Reading 9.1: Letter from JimDear Marta, I had a great time in Washington, D.C. The plane tickets were very inexpensive, so I bought two and took my friend Valerie with me. We went to a lot of museums. In fact, we spent one day at the National Museum of American History. We saw a really interesting exhibit on clothes of the past. People wore some very strange clothes in the old days! We ate very well too! We found a different restaurant every night. We also met a lot of interesting people. The most interesting was a man who builds schools for chlidren in Afghanistan – I’ll phone you so I can tell you all about him! Write soon and tell me about San Francisco!Love,Jim[Adapted from Grammar Sense 1, p.189 (122 words)]

1.1 Vocabulary. Write the verb in the correct form to fill in the blanks in the table.

Infinitive (without “to”) Simple past Past participle

E.g. Have Had Had

1 Took

2 Saw

3 Wore

4 Ate

1.2 Comprehension. Answer the questions.

1. Where did Jim go on vacation?

2. Who did he go with?

3. Did he like the food?

4. Where does Marta live?

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1.3 Comprehension. True or False?

1. Jim spent one day visiting museums. True False

2. Jim liked the exhibit on past clothes. True False

3. Jim met children from Afghanistan. True False

4. Jim lives in San Francisco. True False

1.4 Grammar. Circle the correct form to complete the question or sentence.

E.g. I ___(c)___ a great time on my last vacation.

a has b. having c. had

1. We _____ to the park. a. didn’t go b. wasn’t gone c. not went

2. How much time _____ at the National Museum?

a. was you spent b. have you spended

c. did you spend

3. We ____ a different restaurant every night.

a. ate at b. arrived to c. went of

4. I ____him yesterday, but he didn’t answer the phone.

a. phone b. called c. visiting

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Reading 9.2: A School Trip to ParisAbout two years ago I went with my class on our first school trip—five days in Paris! There were about thirty of us and four teachers. We all went in one big coach from our school in London. The teachers told us to be at school at four thirty in the morning. Everyone was there on time, but the coach didn’t arrive until five o’clock and we didn’t leave until five thirty! We were very cold and tired.

Anyway, the coach was very comfortable and we watched a video and listened to some CDs on the journey. We had some sandwiches and drinks with us so we went straight to Paris without stopping. The trip was quite expensive. It cost £240 and we wanted to save money so we didn’t stop at motorway cafés. It only took us eight hours to reach Paris.

The name of the hotel in Paris was the Hotel Berri—that’s B-E-double R- I. It was very old, but our rooms were nice and the bed was great—really soft! I shared the room with three other girls.

When we went shopping I tried to practice my French a few times but sometimes I didn’t know the right words and spoke in English instead! The shops were great—I bought lots of presents, even a T-shirt for my little sister!

I think what I most enjoyed was the river trip. I took lots of photos of my friends and also of Notre Dame cathedral, and the wonderful art galleries.

I was sad to leave Paris. I had a lovely time there. We came home by coach and this time the journey was much shorter—we even arrived back half an hour early![From Objective KET (287 words)]

2.1 Vocabulary. Match the word and the meaning.

1. coach a. highway

2. trip b. excursion

3. motorway c. yielding

4. soft d. bus

2.2 Comprehension. True, False, or Doesn’t say?

1. The writer spent two years in Paris. True False Doesn’t say

2. The coach arrived in Paris at 5.30am. True False Doesn’t say

3. The hotel had great food. True False Doesn’t say

4. The writer is a girl. True False Doesn’t say

2.3 Comprehension. Read the paragraph below, which summarizes the article above. Find and correct the mistakes.

The writer went to Paris by car. Five teachers went with the students. The students watched music

videos on the journey. They bought sandwiches and drinks at motorway cafés. The writer tried to

speak English in the shops. The writer didn’t enjoy the river trip.

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bus

2.4 Grammar (Simple present and past). Write the answer in complete sentences. All questions refer to the text above.

1. How many students went on the trip?

2. Where do the students study?

3. How long was the journey to Paris?

4. What did the writer enjoy most?

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Week 10 Readings: Next vacationGrammar: The future with (be) going to, the future with ‘will’We use ‘will’ when we are not sure if something will happen. ‘Will’ is used to talk about possibilities.

We use (be) going to to talk about definite plans we have made.

With both forms, the main verb is in the infinitive form (without ‘to’). ‘Will’ and ‘be going to’ both work as auxiliary verbs in sentences and questions.

Reading 10.1: My terrible holiday

William I had a terrible holiday last year. This year, I’m going to stay at home.

Terry: What happened?

William: Well, I went to Puerto Vallarta. When the plane landed, I discovered that my luggage hadn’t arrived. I went to the hotel, and they didn’t have my booking, so they put me in a small room near the kitchens, instead of the poolside room I’d booked. I got sick the second day I was there, and spent the rest of my stay in hospital.

Terry: That sounds horrible! I’m going to Huatulco for my holiday this year. Why don’t you come with me?

William: No, I’m going to stay at home. My friend Julia is going to visit me, and we’re going to hire a car, and drive around the state. Perhaps we’ll visit you in Huatulco. What are you going to do there?

Terry: I’m not going to do anything! I’m going to check into my hotel, then go down to the beach. I’m going to spend every day on the beach, swimming, eating, and reading my book. Maybe I’ll go shopping one evening.

1.1 Vocabulary. Write the word in English (from the reading) that has the same meaning as the Spanish word below.

1. aterrizó

2. reservación

3. rentar

4. la playa

1.2 Comprehension. Circle True, False, or Doesn’t say.

1. Terry went to Puerto Vallarta on holiday last year. True False Doesn’t say

2. William had a poolside room in Puerto Vallarta. True False Doesn’t say

3. Terry wants William to go on holiday with him. True False Doesn’t say

4. Terry’s going to drive around the state on holiday. True False Doesn’t say

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1.3 Comprehension. Answer the questions.

1. Did the hotel in Puerto Vallarta have a room for William?

2. Who is going to visit William?

3. Is Terry going to go shopping in Huatulco?

4. Who is going to travel more this holiday: William or Terry?

1.4 Grammar. Conjugate the verbs into the tense indicated.

E.g. I discovered. (simple present) He discovers. (future with (be) going to) They are going to discover.

1. My luggage hadn’t arrived. a. (simple past) b. (future with ‘will’)

2. I’m going to Huatulco. c. (simple past) d. (simple present)

3. We’ll visit you. e. (future with (be) going to) f. (simple past)

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Reading 10.2: Advice to Business Travellers

Advice to Business TravellersInternational business travellers need to know something about the customs of foreign countries. Otherwise, the business trip may not be successful. How do experienced business travellers prepare for a trip to another country? Many people like to talk to someone from the country. Some people prefer to read about the country. Others even learn to say a few simple phrases in the native language of the country. Business travel to a foreign country is always difficult at first. But, according to experienced business travellers, things begin to improve after a few trips.

Here are a few helpful hints for any business trip abroad:

Find out about office hoursWhen do your foreign colleagues start work each day? When do they like to eat lunch? When do they finish working? What days do they work? You need to know these things so you can schedule appointments at the right time.

Find out about religious and national holidays.

For example, experienced business travellers don’t expect to do much business during the week before and after Easter in countries like Italy and Spain. Employers and employees around the world enjoy celebrating holidays.

Do you need to travel to the Middle East or Hong Kong? You probably don’t want to plan a business trip during Ramadan or the Chinese New Year. Check with someone from your host country before you make final arrangements.

Find out about business customs.In countries like Japan, business people expect to start meetings on time. In other countries, people are more relaxed and they don’t expect to start on time. In some cultures, business people don’t like discussing business at the start of a meeting. They prefer beginning a discussion with small talk about the weather, art, or sports. There are also different customs about names and titles, so avoid using first names immediately.

[From Grammar Sense 1, pp.360-361. (309 words)]

2.1 Vocabulary. Write the word in English (from the reading) that has the same meaning as the Spanish word below.

1. paises

2. lenguaje

3. según

4. consejos

2.2 Comprehension. Write down six things you can do to make your trip to a foreign country easier.

1. 4.

2. 5.

3. 6.

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2.3 Comprehension. Circle True or False.

1. You should schedule appointments according to local working hours. True False

2. People in the Middle East celebrate Chinese New Year. True False

3. You should start meetings on time in Japan. True False

4. You shouldn’t use first names. True False

2.4 Grammar. Rewrite the sentence, keeping the same meaning, but changing the words.E.g. The business trip may not be successful. The business trip might fail.

1. Many people like to talk to someone from the country.

2. When do they finish working?

3. People are more relaxed.

4. They prefer beginning a discussion with small talk.

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Week 11 Readings: Jobs and studiesGrammar: The futureThere are no extra grammar notes for this week’s readings.

Reading 11.1: Be careful out there!Working abroad is becoming very popular. This is especially true for young people. However, be careful! Ask your employer exactly how many hours you have to work. Also ask exactly how much you will earn. Do you have to pay tax on your salary? Is health insurance included? If accommodation is provided, do you have to pay for it? Also ask if you have to buy any special equipment you need for your job. Ask about vacations and what happens when you are sick. Finally, never agree to do anything that you think is dangerous.

The most difficult thing about working in another country is usually not the work, but the culture. Different customs and beliefs can make it hard for a person to adjust to a different country. Even different mealtimes and different food to eat at mealtimes can make it difficult to adjust. For example, people who move to Asian countries might find themselves eating rice and fish for breakfast, while people in European countries might have to get used to eating sweet bread and drinking chocolate and coffee for breakfast.[Adapted from Introducing Reading Keys, p.29. (183 words)]

1.1 Comprehension. Answer the questions.

1. Who works abroad more: young people or old people?

2. Should you ask questions about accommodation?

3. What should you do if you are asked to do something dangerous?

4. What makes it difficult to adjust to a different country?

1.2 Comprehension. Circle True or False.

1. The employer should tell you how much you will earn. True False

2. You should ask about local customs. True False

3. You should eat rice for breakfast. True False

4. You have to learn to adapt to the other culture. True False

1.3 Vocabulary. Write down four words that appear in the text that have almost the same spelling and meaning in English and Spanish. E.g. popular

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Reading 11.2: Planning for the futureWhat jobs will be popular in the future? How do you decide what career you (or your children) should train for? Here are some predictions from Career Planner.com:First of all, low tech is not necessarily bad. Some low tech jobs might become more popular, as people look for quality rather than mass production. Traditional businesses that might change, but will still continue include: jewellery stores and jewellery manufacturing, restaurants, movie theatres and all aspects of movie making, music creation, delivery services, grocery stores, hair salons, car repair, and construction. On the other hand, some jobs might change or disappear. Let’s look at the past to see how the future might be different. Some jobs that have disappeared in the past 50 years, thanks to advances in computing, include: Typesetting. This job required people who would move metal blocks with letters or

numbers on them into the right place to produce a page of text, such as for a book or for a newspaper. Nowadays, this work is done by computer.

Secretarial dictation. In the old days, the boss would dictate and the secretary would take notes (often using shorthand), and then type up the notes. Nowadays, people do their own typing, so there are fewer jobs for secretaries.

Telephone operators. Large numbers of people were employed to connect calls to different houses, states, or countries. Nowadays, this job is done by computerised switchboards.

Drivers of the trendsBy understanding what drives the trends, we can better predict the jobs that might become popular in the future. There are six needs that currently drive the market: the need to save time, the need to reduce cost, the need to do things faster, the need to make things easier to use, the need to improve safety and reliability, and the need to lessen the impact on the environment. If you can think of a better way to do something that incorporates these, you might be ahead of the trend![Adapted from http://www.careerplanner.com/Career-Articles/Top_Jobs.cfm (331 words)]

2.1 Vocabulary. Write the name of the job below each picture.

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2.2 Comprehension. Circle True or False.

1. You should read Career Planner.com when planning your career. True False

2. Low tech is not bad. True False

3. Grocery stores will change or disappear. True False

4. Typesetters used to produce books and newspapers. True False

2.3 Comprehension. There are six needs mentioned in the article. Classify each of the inventions below according to which need (or needs) it met.

Invention Need/s it met

E.g. a breadmaking machine Need to do things faster, need to save time

1. a pizza slice cutter

2. a butter stick

3. a face guard

4. Vibram shoes

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Week 12 readings: ConsolidationGrammarThere is no grammar lesson this week.

Reading 12.1: Mad about BecksIn 2003, 14-year-old Jenna spoke to a journalist about moving to Spain.

I’ve only been a Beckham fan for a couple of years but my dad always loved seeing him play at Manchester United. Mum also follows Becks now. When she and I heard he was leaving to play in Spain, I said, ‘Let’s move to Spain!’ Dad agreed to come but my older brother decided to stay in England. He’s still living in our house there.

At first we didn’t know if Becks would play for Barcelona or Madrid, so my parents bought a place in Alicante. It’s only about three hours away from both cities.

My friends in England think I’m a bit mad but they’re pleased for me too. I email them all the time. It’s great to live in another country but I’m finding learning Spanish quite difficult. I learned French in England and I keep mixing the two.

Becks is playing really well in Spain, which keeps my dad happy. What I love most about him is that he’s a big family man. Being famous hasn’t changed him. I’d really like to meet Becks one day. (191 words)

1.1 Comprehension. Circle True, False or Doesn’t say.

1. Jenna’s birthday is in March 2003. True False Doesn’t say

2. Jenna has one brother. True False Doesn’t say

3. Jenna’s parents bought a house in Madrid. True False Doesn’t say

4. Jenna phones her friends in England all the time. True False Doesn’t say

1.2 Comprehension. Answer the questions.

1. What is Jenna’s nationality?

2. Why did Jenna’s family move to Spain?

3. How many languages does Jenna speak?

4. Why is Jenna’s dad happy?

1.3 Vocabulary. Write the English word or phrase that has the same meaning as the words or phrases below.

1. periodista (paragraph 1)

2. compraron (paragraph 3)

3. loca (paragraph 4)

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4. hace que (él) se siente feliz (paragraph 5)

1.4 Grammar (Parts of speech). Circle the correct part of speech for each of the following words.

1. journalist a) noun b) adjective c) adverb d) verb

2. only a) noun b) adjective c) adverb d) verb

3. was leaving a) pronoun b) article c) verb d) preposition

4. them a) preposition b) pronoun c) conjunction d) noun

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Reading 12.2: Letter from BenJune 29th

Dear Mom and Dad,

Hi. Here’s a photo of Zocotal in Mexico City. I’m having a great time here. The weather is really good, and the family I’m staying with is very friendly. Anna-Maria, my host mother, is a great cook! I love the food here. The only problem is the language. Spanish is not as easy as you said, Dad! You told me Spanish is like English, but you put ‘a’ or ‘o’ after every word. Well, when I wanted some more soap, I asked Anna-Maria for ‘sopa.’ Five minutes later, she came to my room with a bowl of soup! At least now I know that ‘sopa’ means ‘soup.’ We laughed about it. I apologized and said I was very ‘embarrasado.’ Then she laughed even more and ran to tell Carlos, my host father. He speaks a bit of English. He told me ‘embarrasado’ meant ‘pregnant’ in Spanish. I felt terrible!

And that’s not the only language problem! Yesterday, in town, I had a sandwich in a café. When I wanted to pay, I tried to speak Spanish. I know that ‘como’ is ‘how’, so I said, “Como much?” thinking I was saying “How much?” The waiter just smiled and walked away. I tried “Como mucho” again a few times, but then he brought me another sandwich! When I got back to my room, I looked in my Spanish book. I discovered that “Como mucho” means “I eat a lot.” “How much” is something completely different! Ah well, at least I know now!

The most embarrassing mistake I made was in my Spanish class at school. We had to ask each other, “What’s your name?” In Spanish, this is “Como te llamas?” but I got confused. I said to my partner Eric, “Como te amo” – which means “How I love you!” Everyone laughed. I felt really bad!

Anyway, I am learning Spanish – slowly! The people here are great, and I love Mexico. Thanks so much for this trip. See you next month!

Lots of love,

Ben[From Introducing Reading Keys, p.132. (340 words)]

2.1 Comprehension. Choose the correct answer for each question.1. Where is Ben staying?

a) in a hotel

b) with a friend

c) in a host family

d) with his family

2. Why is Ben in Mexico?

a) He’s working there.

b) He’s learning Spanish.

c) It’s his home.

d) He’s visiting friends.

3. What problem does he have with Spanish?

a) He doesn’t like the language.

b) He makes a lot of mistakes.

c) The class is too difficult for him.

d) He doesn’t like his teacher.

4. What did Ben’s father tell him about Mexico?

a) Mexican food is great.

b) It’s a great place to go on vacation.

c) Mexican people are very friendly.

d) The language is similar to English.

2.2 Vocabulary. Choose the correct word in Spanish for the following words in English. (The words are underlined in the reading.)

E.g. soap a) sopa b) jabón c) tienda

1. even a) aún b) todavia c) ya

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2. he brought me a) me llevó b) me compró c) me trajó

3. completely a) completar b) totalmente c) mucho

4. Everyone a) todos b) ambos c) cada uno de ellos

2.3 Comprehension. Answer the questions based on the reading above.

a. Who wrote the letter?

b. Which country is he visiting?

c. Who is Anne-Marie?

d. What is the weather like?

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AnswersWeek 1 Reading 11.1a Alan

1.1b Lisa

1.1c Lisa

1.1d Alan

1.1e Alan, his brother

1.2a share

1.2b a shower

1.2c alone

1.2d the news

1.3.1 Doesn’t say

1.3.2 True

1.3.3 True

1.3.4 False

1.4 Nouns: Lisa, Alan, bank, parents, apartment, brother

1.4 Verbs: work, lives, shares

1.4 Adjective: elder

1.4 Prepositions: in, with

1.4 Pronouns: her, his

Week 1 Reading 22.1.1 like this

2.1.2 miss

2.1.3 don’t like

2.1.4 admits

2.2 Larry: no le gusta fijarse, estudia en Ohio; Pete: estudia Computación, no le gusta leer

2.3.1 True

2.3.2 False

2.3.3 True

2.3.4 True

2.4.1 a

2.4.2 d

2.4.3 c

2.4.4 d

2.4.5 b

2.4.6 c

2.4.7 c

2.4.8 b

2.4.9 c

2.4.10 a

2.4.11 b

2.4.12 d

Week 2 Reading 11.1 cgehdabi

1.2.1 False

1.2.2 True

1.2.3 Doesn’t say

1.2.4 False

1.3.1 About 8 o’clock.

1.3.2 No, she doesn’t.

1.3.3 Rachel does.

1.3.4 She goes to bed.

1.4 (your choice)

Week 2 Reading 22.1.1 cloudy

2.1.2 angry

2.1.3 briefcases

2.1.4 fighting

2.2.1 two

2.2.2 the couple on the bench, the 25 year olds, the bus driver and the waitress

2.2.3 Yes

2.3.1 False

2.3.2 False

2.3.3 True

2.3.4 False

2.3.5 True

2.4 (your choice)

Week 3 Reading 11.1.1 unusual

1.1.2 all over

1.1.3 to know about

1.1.4 frightening

1.2.1 True

1.2.2 Doesn’t say

1.2.3 False

1.2.4 True

1.3.1 storms

1.3.2 computer

1.3.3 yes

1.3.4 no

1.4.1 What does Warren find?

1.4.2 Who does Warren work for?

1.4.3 Is Warren’s job frightening?

1.4.4 Which movie did Warren help make?

Week 3 Reading 22.1.1 we rehearse

2.1.2 call

2.1.3 twice

2.1.4 valedictorian

2.2.1 six point five (6.5)

2.2.2 No

2.2.3 At least twice

2.2.4 three weeks

2.3.1 True

2.3.2 False

2.3.3 False

2.3.4 True61

2.3.5 False

2.4.1 Who do you live with? (your answer)

2.4.2 Do you get lonely? (your answer)

2.4.3 Does your family visit you? (your answer)

2.4.4 How are you doing in school? (your answer)

Week 4 Reading 11.1a Linda

1.1b John

1.1c Edna

1.1d Diego

1.1e Diane

1.1f Jim

1.1g Juan

1.1h Anna

1.2.1 husband

1.2.2 brother

1.2.3 daughter-in-law

1.2.4 niece

1.3.1 Diane

1.3.2 Robin & Jim’s

1.3.3 Chicago

1.3.4 Juan

1.4.1 Edna is Jim’s mother.

1.4.2 Juan is Edna’s grandson.

1.4.3 Robin is Anna’s aunt.

1.4.4 Jim is John’s son.

Week 4 Reading 22.1.1 aunts

2.1.2 clinic

2.1.3 high school

2.1.4 penpal

2.2.1 False

2.2.2 True

2.2.3 True

2.2.4 False

2.3a wife’s

2.3b We /I

2.3c daughter-in-law’s

2.3d granddaughter

2.3e her

2.3f me/us

2.3g inlaws

2.3h They

2.4.1 Karina is Lucia’s granddaughter.

2.4.2 Leo is Marisol’s father-in-law.

2.4.3 Tom is Karina’s father.

2.4.4 Susana is Karina’s aunt.

Week 5 Reading 11.1 dacbe

1.2.1 True

1.2.2 False

1.2.3 False

1.2.4 True

1.3.1 No

1.3.2 Horseback riding, singing in church

1.3.3 When it’s raining outside

1.3.4 occasionally

1.4a occasionally

1.4b on Saturdays

1.4c usually

1.4d on Sundays

1.4e always

1.4f on Wednesday evenings

Week 5 Reading 22.1.1 c

2.1.2 e

2.1.3 d

2.1.4 a

2.1.5 b

2.2a number of people who ski

2.2b remains of skis found

2.2c Norwegian saga written

2.3.1 a

2.3.2 b

2.3.3 b

2.3.4 c

2.4a the healthiest, the most popular the most ancient

2.4b recent, primitive, ancient, Norwegian, big, notable, lesiure, main, remote, inaccessible, elitist, (broader)

2.4c regularly, occasionally

2.4d already, increasingly, previously

Week 6 Reading 11.1a lonely

1.1b luckily

1.1c fewer problems

1.1d pass

1.2.1 False

1.2.2 True

1.2.3 Doesn’t say

1.2.4 True

1.3.1 No

1.3.2 The food, subways

1.3.3 Study

1.3.4 At the end of his first year in university

1.4 (your choice)

Week 6 Reading 22.1a Kamato Hongo

2.1b Joan Riudavets Moll

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2.1c Shirali Muslimov

2.1d Shirali Muslimov

2.1e Joan Riudaveta Moll

2.1f Kamato Hongo

2.2.1 Kamato Hongo

2.2.2 Shoemaker

2.2.3 Football

2.2.4 Eat little but often

2.3.1 True

2.3.2 False

2.3.3 False

2.3.4 Doesn’t say

2.4.1 Where was Shirali Muslimov from?

2.4.2 How old was Kamato Hongo when she died? / At what age did Kamato Hongo die?

2.4.3 When was Riudavets born?

2.4.4 What did Riudavets want to be? / What job did Riudavets want?

Week 7 Reading 11.1.1 Wrong

1.1.2 Right

1.1.3 Right

1.1.4 Doesn’t say

1.2.1 took us

1.2.2 screamed

1.2.3 plays

1.2.4 together

1.3.1 her brother, her parents

1.3.2 her brother

1.3.3 Obelix

1.3.4 wild boar sandwiches

1.4 (your choice)

Week 7 Reading 22.1.1 snowing

2.1.2 sunbathing

2.1.3 harbour

2.1.4 trying

2.2.1 Wrong

2.2.2 Doesn’t say

2.2.3 Wrong

2.2.4 Right

2.3: 2a, 5b, 4c, 6d, 3e, 1f

2.4.1 The girl’s family lives in London.

2.4.2 In the evenings, the girl made bacalao. / The girl made bacalao in the evenings.

2.4.3 The girl loved sailing but couldn’t swim very well.

2.4.4 The dolphin pushed and the grandfather pulled.

Week 8 Reading 11.1.1 France

1.1.2 No

1.1.3 takes a train

1.1.4 around 6pm

1.2.1 purchased

1.2.2 commenced

1.2.3 trip

1.2.4 convinced

1.3.1 Right

1.3.2 Wrong

1.3.3 Right

1.3.4 Wrong

1.4.1 c

1.4.2 b

1.4.3 b

1.4.4 a

Week 8 Reading 22.1.1 c

2.1.2 a

2.1.3 a

2.1.4 b

2.2.1 Wrong

2.2.2 Right

2.2.3 Doesn’t say

2.2.4 Doesn’t say

2.3.1 Which university did Gunpei graduate from?

2.3.2 What did Gunpei want to make?

2.3.3 When (In which year) did Gunpei make the first Gameboy?

2.3.4 What part of the tombstone (What thing on the tombstone) do we have control over?

2.4.1 c

2.4.2 b

2.4.3 c

2.4.4 a

Week 9 Reading 11.1.1 take / taken

1.1.2 see / seen

1.1.3 wear / worn

1.1.4 eat / eaten

1.2.1 Washington DC

1.2.2 his friend Valerie

1.2.3 Yes

1.2.4 San Francisco

1.3.1 False

1.3.2 True

1.3.3 False

1.3.4 False

1.4.1 a

1.4.2 c

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1.4.3 a

1.4.4 b

Week 9 Reading 22.1.1 d

2.1.2 b

2.1.3 a

2.1.4 c

2.2.1 False

2.2.2 False

2.2.3 Doesn’t say

2.2.4 True

2.3: five (four), music (videos), bought (brought), at motorway cafes (with them), English (French), didn’t enjoy (enjoyed)

2.4.1 About thirty students went on the trip.

2.4.2 They study in London.

2.4.3 It took eight hours.

1.4.4 The writer enjoyed the river trip most. / The writer most enjoyed/loved the river trip.

Week 10 Reading 11.1.1 landed

1.1.2 booking

1.1.3 hire

1.1.4 the beach

1.2.1 Doesn’t say

1.2.2 False

1.2.3 True

1.2.4 False

1.3.1 Yes

1.3.2 Julia, his friend

1.3.3 Maybe

1.3.4 William

1.4.1a My luggage didn’t arrive.

1.4.1b My luggage will arrive.

1.4.2a I went to Huatulco.

1.4.2b I go to Huatulco.

1.4.3a We’re going to visit you.

1.4.3b We visited you.

Week 10 Reading 22.1.1 countries

2.1.2 language

2.1.3 according to

2.1.4 hints

2.2: find out about office hours, religious and national holidays, business customs, read about the country, learn simple phrases in the local language, talk to someone from the country

2.3.1 True

2.3.2 False

2.3.3 True

2.3.4 True

2.4.1 A lot of people prefer talking to a local.

2.4.2 At what time do they go home?

2.4.3 People aren’t as strict.

2.4.4 They like starting a conversation with small talk.

Week 11 Reading 11.1.1 Young people

1.1.2 Yes

1.1.3 Say no

1.1.4 Different customs and beliefs, culture

1.2.1 True

1.2.2 False

1.2.3 False

1.2.4 True

1.3: especialmente/ especially, special / especial, difficult/ dificil, salary/ salario, vacation/ vacación

Week 11 Reading 22.1a telephone operator

2.1b typesetting

2.1c secretarial dictation

2.2.1 False

2.2.2 True

2.2.3 False

2.2.4 True

2.3.1 time, easier to use

2.3.2 easier to use, time, safety and reliability

2.3.3 safety and reliability

2.3.4 lessen the impact on the environment

Week 12 Reading 11.1.1 Doesn’t say

1.1.2 True

1.1.3 False

1.1.4 Doesn’t say

1.2.1 English / British

1.2.2 Because David Beckham was moving there

1.2.3 Three: English,French, Spanish

1.2.4 Because Becks is playing well in Spain

1.3.1 journalist

1.3.2 (they) bought

1.3.3 mad (a bit mad)

1.3.4 keeps (my dad) happy

1.4.1 a

1.4.2 c

1.4.3 c

1.4.4 b

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Week 12 Reading 22.1.1 c

2.1.2 b

2.1.3 b

2.1.4 d

2.2.1 a

2.2.2 c

2.2.3 b

2.2.4 a

2.3.1 Ben

2.3.2 Mexico

2.3.3 Ben’s host mother

2.3.4 really good

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