Portuguese viticulture

Kamila Kantek II Bg

one of the most important one of the most important elements of portuguese elements of portuguese

culture and economyculture and economy

Portuguese viticulture isPortuguese viticulture is

ContentsContents

1.1. IntroductionIntroduction

2.2. Peces of historyPeces of history

3.3. Basic factsBasic facts

4.4. Wine’s regionsWine’s regions

5.5. Example of Portuguese wineExample of Portuguese wine

6.6. Some Portuguese wine termsSome Portuguese wine terms

IntroductionIntroduction

• Portuguese wines are Portuguese wines are of good overall quality of good overall quality and are inexpensive. and are inexpensive.

• It contains no It contains no chemicals (used for chemicals (used for preserving wine).preserving wine).

• In the country areas In the country areas this may be produced this may be produced by the restaurant by the restaurant itselfitself..

Pieces of historyPieces of history

• Portuguese wine is part of the Portuguese wine is part of the ancient traditions introduced to ancient traditions introduced to the region by ancient civilizations the region by ancient civilizations such as the Phoenicians, such as the Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Greeks, and Carthaginians, Greeks, and mostly the Romans.mostly the Romans.

• The wines of Portugal are a The wines of Portugal are a legacy inherited from the legacy inherited from the Romans, than nurtured and Romans, than nurtured and developed by the Portuguese.developed by the Portuguese.

• Portugal started to export its Portugal started to export its wines to Rome during the Roman wines to Rome during the Roman Empire(Exports is dating back to Empire(Exports is dating back to 1367). Modern exports developed 1367). Modern exports developed with trade to England after a with trade to England after a treaty in 1703.treaty in 1703.

Basic factsBasic facts (1)(1)• Portugal has the oldest Portugal has the oldest

appellation system in the world, appellation system in the world, the Douro Valley.the Douro Valley.

• Despite its small area, Portugal Despite its small area, Portugal is a sizable and growing player is a sizable and growing player in wine production, rates sixth in wine production, rates sixth in the world as a wine-producing in the world as a wine-producing country.country.

• Only the highest mountain Only the highest mountain peaks are unable to support peaks are unable to support viticulture.viticulture.

• 8% of continental land of 8% of continental land of Portugal is dedicaded to Portugal is dedicaded to vineyards.vineyards.

• Portugal has 4% of the Portugal has 4% of the world market (2003).world market (2003).

Basic facts (2)Basic facts (2)• Portugal has two wine Portugal has two wine

producing regions protected producing regions protected by UNESCO as World by UNESCO as World Heritage: the Douro Valley Heritage: the Douro Valley Wine Region (Wine Region (Douro Douro VinhateiroVinhateiro) and Pico Island ) and Pico Island Wine Region (Wine Region (Ilha do Pico Ilha do Pico VinhateiraVinhateira).).

• Portugal produces some of Portugal produces some of the world's best wines, as the world's best wines, as reflected in its success in reflected in its success in international competitions.international competitions.

• Portugal has a large variety Portugal has a large variety of native breeds (about 500), of native breeds (about 500), producing a very wide variety producing a very wide variety of different wines with of different wines with distinctive personality.distinctive personality.

The The Oxford Companion to WineOxford Companion to Wine describes describes the country as having the country as having

"a treasure trove of "a treasure trove of

indigenous grape varieties."indigenous grape varieties."

Wine’s regionsWine’s regionsDivision on two main parts:Division on two main parts:• The northern regions:The northern regions:

Douro, Dăo and BairradaDouro, Dăo and BairradaThe future for the northern The future for the northern regions lies in focusing on regions lies in focusing on high-quality, top-end wines,high-quality, top-end wines,

• The central and southern regions:The central and southern regions: Alentejo, Ribatejo and Alentejo, Ribatejo and Estremadura. Estremadura. The strength of the southern and The strength of the southern and central regions is their ability to central regions is their ability to produce accessible, full flavoured produce accessible, full flavoured red wines in large quantities: new red wines in large quantities: new world-style wines with a world-style wines with a Portuguese twist.Portuguese twist.

Wine’s regions: Wine’s regions: the Dourothe Douro In a relatively short period of In a relatively short period of

time the Douro has time the Douro has established itself as established itself as Portugal’s premium wine Portugal’s premium wine region.region.

Most spectacular of wine Most spectacular of wine regions. regions.

The climate is continental, The climate is continental, very hot and desert-dry in very hot and desert-dry in the summer; cold and wet in the summer; cold and wet in the winter. the winter.

The Douro is unlikely to ever The Douro is unlikely to ever be a plentiful source of be a plentiful source of cheap wine: with its high cheap wine: with its high labour costs and low yields.labour costs and low yields.

Wine’s regions: Wine’s regions: the Dourothe Douro

The steeply terraced The steeply terraced vineyards contain some vineyards contain some wonderful terroirs.wonderful terroirs.

There are There are small-scale small-scale variations between the variations between the different vineyard sites. different vineyard sites.

The Douro is not known The Douro is not known for its white wine.for its white wine.

Vineyards in the Douro

Wine’s regions: Wine’s regions: BairradaBairrada The name "Bairrada" is from The name "Bairrada" is from

"barros" (clay) and due to "barros" (clay) and due to the clayey soils of the the clayey soils of the region. region.

Located on the coastal plain Located on the coastal plain lying slightly inland. lying slightly inland.

This is the region of the This is the region of the smallholder. There are a smallholder. There are a staggering 4700 registered staggering 4700 registered growers, and the average growers, and the average plot size is a tiny 0.2 ha.plot size is a tiny 0.2 ha.

Wine’s regions: Wine’s regions: BairradaBairrada

Unusually for Portugal, Unusually for Portugal, Bairrada is a region Bairrada is a region dominated by just one dominated by just one grape called Baga.grape called Baga.

The vines in the Bairrada The vines in the Bairrada region are grown region are grown generally on flat land. generally on flat land.

Bairrada is known for red Bairrada is known for red wines.wines.

There attractive sparkling There attractive sparkling whites are a bit of a whites are a bit of a speciality here.speciality here.

Wine’s regions: Wine’s regions: DăoDăo Located inland, in the Located inland, in the

centre of Portugal.centre of Portugal. The Dăo has cold wet The Dăo has cold wet

winters but mild, dry winters but mild, dry summers. summers.

Red wine from Dăo is Red wine from Dăo is called as Portugal’s called as Portugal’s Burgundy. Burgundy.

Many Portuguese Many Portuguese winemakers are winemakers are experimenting with experimenting with making wines from just a making wines from just a single variety, but not in single variety, but not in Dăo. One of the keys to Dăo. One of the keys to individuality of Dăo is the individuality of Dăo is the mix of grapes.mix of grapes.

Wine’s regions: Wine’s regions: DăoDăo Dăo is surrounded by Dăo is surrounded by

mountains, and the vineyards mountains, and the vineyards themselves are at altitudes themselves are at altitudes ranging from 200- 900 m. ranging from 200- 900 m.

The region is protected from The region is protected from the influences of the Atlantic the influences of the Atlantic weather system to the west, weather system to the west, but not fully exposed to the but not fully exposed to the harsh continental climate to harsh continental climate to the east.the east.

In Dăo, there is hard to find In Dăo, there is hard to find the vineyards. Vineyards the vineyards. Vineyards don’t dominate the don’t dominate the landscape. Just 5% of the landscape. Just 5% of the region is under vine, with region is under vine, with pocket vineyards. pocket vineyards.

Wine’s regions: Wine’s regions: AltanejoAltanejo

The Alentejo has led the The Alentejo has led the way in Portugal’s wine way in Portugal’s wine revolution.revolution.

Winemakers in Altanejo are Winemakers in Altanejo are producing red wines in two producing red wines in two distinctive styles:distinctive styles: the traditional Alentejo the traditional Alentejo

style.style. the modern, new-world the modern, new-world

stylestyle

Wine’s regions: Wine’s regions: AltanejoAltanejo The Alentejo is huge, with its flat The Alentejo is huge, with its flat

plains covering almost a third of plains covering almost a third of the country.the country.

It’s also hot so irrigation system It’s also hot so irrigation system is common.is common.

In contrast to the northern In contrast to the northern regions, with their fragmented regions, with their fragmented smallholdings, production is smallholdings, production is dominated by large, professional dominated by large, professional producers. producers.

The great success of the Alentejo The great success of the Alentejo has been in making completely has been in making completely modern, concentrated wines that modern, concentrated wines that still retain a distinctly Portuguese still retain a distinctly Portuguese character.character. Vineyards in Altanejo.

Wine’s regions: Wine’s regions:

Ribatejo & Ribatejo & EstremaduraEstremadura

A fertile, somewhat flat, sunny A fertile, somewhat flat, sunny region in east central region in east central PortugalPortugal..

SSunshine in the growing unshine in the growing season as well as an Atlantic season as well as an Atlantic influence to the climate. influence to the climate.

On the banks of the On the banks of the Tagus Tagus RRiver, the region iver, the region is is producing producing soft, drinkable reds of interest soft, drinkable reds of interest to supermarket buyers.to supermarket buyers.

Wine’s regions: Wine’s regions:

Ribatejo & EstremaduraRibatejo & Estremadura Higher quality wines come from Higher quality wines come from

further up the riverfurther up the river.. Bulk wine, a long time specialty of Bulk wine, a long time specialty of

the region, is still produced by the the region, is still produced by the co-operatives. co-operatives.

Watch out!Watch out!

This part of presentantion isThis part of presentantion is

for adults only!for adults only!

Example of Portuguese wine- Example of Portuguese wine- Dão wineDão wine

The Dão wine is from the Dão The Dão wine is from the Dão region.region.

This wine is produced in a This wine is produced in a mountainous region in the area of mountainous region in the area of the Mondego and Dão Rivers in the the Mondego and Dão Rivers in the north region of central Portugal. north region of central Portugal. These mountains protect the These mountains protect the castascastas from maritime and continental from maritime and continental influences.influences.

The Dão wines, both red and white The Dão wines, both red and white have fruitful flavour. Some of the have fruitful flavour. Some of the used grape varieties are unique to used grape varieties are unique to the country and do not exist the country and do not exist anywhere else. anywhere else.

Dão specialDão special

Example of Portuguese wine- Example of Portuguese wine- Dão wineDão wine

It has a minimum alcohol by It has a minimum alcohol by volume of 11%. volume of 11%.

Many vintners consider Many vintners consider these wines to be the best these wines to be the best Portuguese table wines, the Portuguese table wines, the most notable are the "Grão most notable are the "Grão Vasco" and the "Aliança".Vasco" and the "Aliança".

Red CastasRed Castas: Alfrocheiro, : Alfrocheiro, Jaen, Rufete, Tinta Roriz, Jaen, Rufete, Tinta Roriz, and Touriga Nacional;and Touriga Nacional;

White CastasWhite Castas: Bical, : Bical, Cerceal Branco, Cerceal Branco, Encruzado, and Malvasia-Encruzado, and Malvasia-Fina.Fina. Grão Vascoão Vasco

Some Portuguese wine Some Portuguese wine termsterms Adega: WineryAdega: Winery

Branco: WhiteBranco: White

Casta: Grape varietyCasta: Grape variety

Quinta: VineyardQuinta: Vineyard

Reserva: Superior quality wine of a single vintageReserva: Superior quality wine of a single vintage

Seco: DrySeco: Dry

Tinto: RedTinto: Red

Verde: green (in opposition to Verde: green (in opposition to maduromaduro). Wines ). Wines produced in Vinho Verde region with a distinctive produced in Vinho Verde region with a distinctive method.method.

Vinho: WineVinho: Wine

Thank you for note.Thank you for note.

Kamila Kantek