Portuguese Enclave
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Transcript of Portuguese Enclave
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Enclave, definition.
y When a foreign culture penetrates and establishes inside theterritory of another and is therefore surrounded by the latter, yet
both coe-exist peacefully, were talking about an ENCLAVE.
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yVasco da Gama arrived to Calicut, coast of Malabar, in 1498.
y Years later, after having had contact to the kingdoms of Berar,
Ahmadnagar, Bijapur and Bidar, it was Vijayanagar the one that
helped captain Albuquerque to establish a base over firm land:
Goa.
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How did it happened?
y When the Portuguese arrived and tried to establish trading
relations they had gotten the support of the Raja Cochin in
return for the promise of helping him against the ruler
(Zamorin) of Calicut.
y Both of this kings had been able to remain independent from
Vijayanagar due to the series of mountain regions that separated
them from it.
y At the same time, Cochin saw in the Portugueses a way to
penetrate the international trading market.
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y Parallel, when the Portuguese learnt that the Muslims were
ruling over the major part of the territory, they focused their
efforts to built a counter-force.
y Albuquerque decided the best way to do it was to get the control
of an island strategically located: Goa.
y But Goa was under the control of Vijayanagar I ntimes of Krshna
deva Raya.
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y Surprisingly, Krshna got to an easy agreement with the
Portuguese:
y The disputes between Vijayanagar and Bijapur (Muslim control)
depended directly, for each others succeed, on military control.
y Both cultures were traditionally horse riding armies.
y Krshna arranged things with Albuquerque so that Vijayanagar
would enjoy monopoly of horse trading with the Portuguese.
That included the whole of India.
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y This arrangement was publicized by the King of Portugal (in
competition with Spain) as an expansion of his territories and
claimed himself Lord of eastern India.
y In reality his influence reached nothing beyond a couple of
islands.
y However this was enough for other epithet to be true: Lord of
conquering, navigation and trade of Ethiopia, Arabia, Persia and
India.
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y At the end of XVI Century Portugal controlled the major part of
the trading in eastern seas, although not all of it.
y A major amount of the riches that arrived to Portugal didnt
come from trading but from piracy against Arab ships trying to
reach or coming from India.
y The superiority in naval and war engineering permitted the
Portuguese to practically expell the Muslims from the seas that
they had controlled for over centuries.
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y
Meanwhile, the Indians didnt find that situation troublingbecause their interest in the coast and maritime routes to trade
was only marginal.
y This functioned as a condition for the possibility of good Indian-
Portuguese interaction, because the Portuguese didnt find areason to invade India, since they were getting profit as they
wanted.
y The Portuguese realized that their stability on the region
depended on the stability of the Indian kingdoms. Therefore theypreferred to use political and diplomatic strategies to maintain
their bases on Indian land.
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y The good political relations between the Portuguese and the
Indian rulers was shown by the fact that they even traded soldiers
for armament.
y The Portuguese actively participated in the eternal and
traditional Indian political intrigues and had with it influence on
the successions and establishment of new kings.
y To expand Christianity, the Portuguese fomented the mixture of
Portuguese men and Indian women. Goa had a population of
about 7,500 Lusistan-indians.
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y Yet, in the 19th C. British and Portuguese historians, influenced
by Social Darwinism and the white men burden ideology would
signal this close relation of co-existence as the main reason for
Portugal's later failure to remain and control India.
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