Portugal in China, 1514-23 - UBC Historyrealname... · Portugal in China, 1514-23 (1) Portuguese...
Transcript of Portugal in China, 1514-23 - UBC Historyrealname... · Portugal in China, 1514-23 (1) Portuguese...
Portugal in China, 1514-23
(1) Portuguese trade vs. Chinese diplomacy in the Indian Ocean (2) Portugal in Malacca, 1511-1641 (3) Portugal on the China coast, 1514-57 (4) Portugal in Macao, 1557-1999 (5) Economic cooperation + discrepant systems?
Emperor Yongle (r. 1403-24) Poem upon enfeoffing Malacca’s Western Mountain (1405) Into the vast seas in the south-west, China reaches out, Pervading Heaven and encompassing Earth for millions of years. Washed by the sun and bathed by the moon, a gleaming scene is revealed: Rain-washed cliffs and dewy rocks amidst lush vegetation, The people decked out in gold and filigree, the brightest reds and greens. This is a country whose people all follow refined customs. Their king, devoted to all that is good and right, wishes to turn to Our Court; Desires that his country be like a part of China and follow Chinese ways: In coming and going, to be ever more guided by ceremony, In manners and rituals, to be reverent and respectful. Your loyalty is to be inscribed on pure white stone And your Western Mountain enfeoffed in perpetuity. . . .
Emperor Zhengde (r. 1505-21)
Veritable Records, 15 June 1517:
It is ordered that ships from foreign
countries sending tribute and carrying trade goods be taxed
at twenty percent, a portion to be forwarded to the capital
and a portion to be locally retained to meet military
expenses. This is entirely in keeping with the old
regulations, and no one shall use recent regulations to
obstruct it.
1514 Chen Boxian ↔ Wu Tingju 1517 Fernão Pires 1519 Simão de Andrade 1521 Qiu Dalong ↔ He Ao Duarte Coelho ↔ Wang Hong