Portrait gallery.docx

7/28/2019 Portrait gallery.docx

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Portrait gallery

A portrait gallery of Orientalist scholars, travellers, missionaries andadventurers, and of the people they met.

Index of the gallery

The portrait gallery

Amin b. Hasan al-Hulwani al-Madani al-Hanafi(d. 1898)

Amin al-Madani was a teacher (mudarris) in the Prophets mosque in Medina.He had a wide scholarly interest. He was a learned bookseller as well and not atall averse of travelling. He thereby combined ziyara and tigara, the visiting andtrade practised by many a Muslim scholar in search of learning and

sustenance. To the East he has travelled as far as Singapore and also stayedfor a while in Bombay, where some of his works were published. But it is alsoknown that he lived for some time in Cairo. He has played an active role inpolemics with the Sufi establishment in Egypt and Istanbul, who used theirassumed possession of hairs of the Prophet as a means to increase theirauthority among their flock.When visiting The Netherlands in 1883 he even approached the Dutchgovernment with the suggestion to establish a small mosque in Amsterdam, andto pay for the salary of its staff, as a service to the Dutch Muslim subjects fromthe East-Indies. Amin had come in 1883 to Amsterdam in order to participate inthe Colonial Exhibition, the other stand from Egypt being that of the Caireneperfume seller Mustafa. His trade did not flourish at all, but after a while he andhis collection of manuscripts were spotted by the Leiden scholars. His important

manuscript library of some sevenhundred volumes was first purchased by Mr.E.J. Brill, the Leiden bookseller and publisher, who had a sales catalogue madeof it by Carlo de Landberg (Catalogue de manuscrits arabes provenant dunebibliothque prive el-Medina et appartenant la Maison E.J. Brill, Leiden1883). In the same year the Leiden library purchased the entire collection fromBrills, with special funds alloted by the Dutch government. It is now registeredas Or. 2363 - Or. 3025 (and Or. 8409).It so happened that in that same year the 6th Orientalist Congress which washeld in Leiden, and Amin visited it. His account of the congress was published inissues of the newspaperal-Burhan in October and November 1883, and waslater on translated into Dutch by Snouck Hurgronje.Amin al-Madani was murdered in 1898 by bedouins in the desert near Tripoli (inpresent-day Lebanon), where he had come to from Medina. Al-Zirikli includes in

his biography the report that the bedouins suspected that he was a spy, and thatthey therefore killed him.

Sources: al-Zirikli, al-A`lam (2nd ed.), vol. 1, p. 357. C. Snouck Hurgronje, HetLeidsche Orientalistencongres. Indrukken van een Arabisch congreslid. Leiden1883 (with the portrait). Reprinted in Verspreide Geschriften VI, pp. 240-272.

Amin al-Madanis lithographed portrait made in 1883 by A.J. Wendel, copied
http://bc.ub.leidenuniv.nl/bc/olg/portret/portret_index.htmlhttp://bc.ub.leidenuniv.nl/bc/olg/portret/portret_index.htmlhttp://bc.ub.leidenuniv.nl/bc/olg/portret/content.html#galleryhttp://bc.ub.leidenuniv.nl/bc/olg/portret/content.html#galleryhttp://bc.ub.leidenuniv.nl/bc/olg/portret/content.html#galleryhttp://bc.ub.leidenuniv.nl/bc/olg/portret/portret_index.html


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after the photographic portrait by the Leiden photographer Goedeljee.

Manuscript-Based ThesesAs an alternative to the traditional thesis style, the research may be

presented as a collection of papers of which the student is the author or co-

author (i.e., the text of one or more manuscripts, submitted or to be

submitted for publication, and/or published articles (not as reprints) but

reformatted according to thesis requirements as described below). These

papers must have a cohesive, unitary character making them a report of a

single program of research.

Note: the thesis should followEITHERthe standard ORmanuscript-

based format in the presentation of methods and results. The structure for

the manuscript-based thesis must conform to the following:

These texts must conform to thesis guidelines with respect to font size,

line spacing and margin sizes and must be bound together as an

integral part of the thesis (seeThesis Format).

The thesis must conform to all other requirements listed underThesis

Componentsabove.

The thesis must be more than a collection of manuscripts. All

components must be integrated into a cohesive unit with a logical

progression from one chapter to the next. The thesis must have

connecting texts to provide logical bridges between the differentchapters, thereby achieving an integration of information. These

connecting sections are mandatory. Not including adequate

connective texts could compromise the ability of the examiners to

evaluate the thesis with subsequent consequences.

Manuscripts for publication are frequently very concise documents.

The thesis is expected to be a more detailed scholarly work than

manuscripts for publication in journals. The thesis must include

details of methodology, rationale for choice of approach, a detailed

defence of conclusions, and explicit description of contribution to

knowledge. Where appropriate, additional material including

supplementary data must be provided (e.g., in connecting text or

appendices) in sufficient detail to allow a clear and precise judgement

to be made of the importance and originality of the research reported

in the thesis.
http://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#formathttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#formathttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#formathttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#comphttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#comphttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#comphttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#comphttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#comphttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#comphttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#format


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There is no specified number of publications required for a masters or

a doctoral thesis (it is the amount and quality of the contribution that

is evaluated in relation to disciplinary norms); nor is prior publication

or acceptance for publication of the manuscripts a requirement.

Publication or acceptance for publication of research results before

presentation of the thesis in no way supersedes the University's

evaluation and judgement of the work during the thesis examination

process (i.e., does not guarantee that the thesis will be found

acceptable for the degree).

In the case of multiple-authored articles, the student must be the

primary author, although it is expected that co-authors may have had

input in revisions. The thesis must include a statement explicitly

outlining the contributions of the student and all co-authors. This

statement must appear in a section entitled "Contributions of

Authors" in the Preface of the thesis. The supervisor, by signing the

thesis submission form, attests to the accuracy of these statements

and will be asked to reaffirm at the oral defence in the case of a

doctoral thesis.

Multiple-authored articles cannot be used in more than one thesis;

more explicitly, only one student may submit the article as part of

his/her thesis. In the case of students who have worked collaboratively

on projects, it may be preferable for both students to write a standardformat thesis, identifying individual contributions.

When previously published copyright material is presented in a thesis,

the student must obtain signed waivers from the publisher(s) and

submit these to the Thesis Office of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies

with the initial submission, or at the latest, with the final deposition.

Signed waivers also must be obtained from any co-authors of

unpublished manuscripts and submitted to the Thesis Office.Students

are strongly encouraged to obtain copyright permissions from

publishers (published papers) and co-authors (unpublished papers)

as soon as possible.

Irrespective of the Internal and External Examiners reports, the Oral

Defence Committee may require major or minor revisions to the

written thesis for the final deposition.


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AppendicesAppendices are useful to present supplementary or raw data, details of

methodology (particularly for manuscript-based theses), consent forms, or

other information that would detract from the presentation of the research

in the main body of the thesis, but would assist readers and examiners in

their review. All material in appendices will be open to examination.

Thesis FormatThesis submission occurs in two stages, the initial submission requiring

hard copies for review by the Internal and External Examiners and,

following the examination process(es), the final deposition in electronic

format (SeeThesis Submission).

The student may wish to use astyle-sheetwhich incorporates these

requirements to aid in writing the thesis.For the initial submission, hard copies may be single-sided or double-sided

and may include coloured figures and illustrations.

Script and Page Format

21.5 x 28cm (8.5" x 11") paper or standard European-size paper must be

used. A conventional font, size 12-point, 10 to 12 characters per inch must be

used. Line spacing must be double or 1.5. A conventional font, size 12-point,

10 to 12 characters per inch must be used. Line spacing must be double or

1.5.

Thesis preparationComponents|Originality|Length|Manuscript-Based|Appendices|Format

Thesis ComponentsA thesis can be either in the traditional style ormanuscript(article)-based.

The student may wish to use astyle-sheetwhich incorporates these

requirements to aid in writing the thesis. Theses must conform to the

requirements of Library and Archives Canada. The Thesis Specifications and

the Thesis Formatting sections below are written according to the

requirements of the Library and Archives Canada.

In either format, the thesis must contain the following in addition to

descriptions of methodology, results and scholarly discussion, in accordance
http://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/thesis-submissionhttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/thesis-submissionhttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/thesis-submissionhttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/forms/http://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/forms/http://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/forms/http://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#comphttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#comphttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#orighttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#orighttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#orighttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#lengthhttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#lengthhttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#lengthhttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#manuhttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#manuhttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#manuhttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#manuhttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#appenhttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#appenhttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#appenhttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#formathttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#formathttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#formathttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#manuhttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#manuhttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#manuhttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#manuhttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#manuhttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/forms/http://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/forms/http://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/forms/http://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#manuhttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#formathttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#appenhttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#manuhttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#manuhttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#lengthhttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#orighttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#comphttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/forms/http://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/thesis-submission


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with disciplinary norms:

1. Title page;

a) the title of the thesis;

b) the students name and Unit* followed by "McGill University,

Montreal";

c) the month and year the thesis was submitted;

d) the following statement: "A thesis submitted to McGill University in

partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of....";

e) the universal copyright notice followed by the students name

and the year the thesis was submitted;

2. A detailed table of contents;

3. A brief abstract in both English and French: If the language of the

thesis is neither English nor French (only allowed for specific language

units), then a third abstract in the language of the thesis is required;

4. Acknowledgements: The student is required to declare, in a Preface

or in the Acknowledgements section, the extent to which assistance

(paid or unpaid) has been given by members of staff, fellow students,

research assistants, technicians, or others in the collection of materials

and data, the design and construction of apparatus, the performance

of experiments, the analysis of data, and the preparation of the thesis

(including editorial help). In addition, it is appropriate to recognize

the supervision and advice given by the thesis supervisor(s) and

advisors;

5. An introduction that clearly states the rationale and objectives of the

research;

6. A comprehensive review of the relevant literature, according to

disciplinary norms;

7. A final conclusion and summary;

8. A thorough bibliography or reference list, according to disciplinary

norms.


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OriginalityElements of the thesis that are considered original scholarship and distinct

contributions to knowledge must be clearly indicated. This statement is

mandatory for doctoral theses.

LengthNormally, a masters thesis does not exceed 100 pages in length. Graduate

and Postdoctoral Studies considers 150 pages should be the maximum,

including title page, abstracts, table of contents, preface, acknowledgments,

bibliography/reference list, and appendices.

A doctoral thesis must be as succinct as is consistent with the sound

scholarly exposition of the subject under investigation and disciplinary

norms. There is no page limit but long theses may be subject to delays in the

examination process and are generally not well received by examiners.

Manuscript-Based ThesesAs an alternative to the traditional thesis style, the research may be

presented as a collection of papers of which the student is the author or co-

author (i.e., the text of one or more manuscripts, submitted or to be

submitted for publication, and/or published articles (not as reprints) but

reformatted according to thesis requirements as described below). These

papers must have a cohesive, unitary character making them a report of a

single program of research.

Note: the thesis should followEITHERthe standard ORmanuscript-

based format in the presentation of methods and results. The structure for

the manuscript-based thesis must conform to the following:

These texts must conform to thesis guidelines with respect to font size,

line spacing and margin sizes and must be bound together as an

integral part of the thesis (seeThesis Format).

The thesis must conform to all other requirements listed underThesis

Componentsabove.

The thesis must be more than a collection of manuscripts. All

components must be integrated into a cohesive unit with a logical

progression from one chapter to the next. The thesis must have

connecting texts to provide logical bridges between the different
http://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#formathttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#formathttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#formathttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#comphttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#comphttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#comphttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#comphttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#comphttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#comphttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/preparation#format


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chapters, thereby achieving an integration of information. These

connecting sections are mandatory. Not including adequate

connective texts could compromise the ability of the examiners to

evaluate the thesis with subsequent consequences.

Manuscripts for publication are frequently very concise documents.

The thesis is expected to be a more detailed scholarly work than

manuscripts for publication in journals. The thesis must include

details of methodology, rationale for choice of approach, a detailed

defence of conclusions, and explicit description of contribution to

knowledge. Where appropriate, additional material including

supplementary data must be provided (e.g., in connecting text or

appendices) in sufficient detail to allow a clear and precise judgementto be made of the importance and originality of the research reported

in the thesis.

There is no specified number of publications required for a masters or

a doctoral thesis (it is the amount and quality of the contribution that

is evaluated in relation to disciplinary norms); nor is prior publication

or acceptance for publication of the manuscripts a requirement.

Publication or acceptance for publication of research results before

presentation of the thesis in no way supersedes the University's

evaluation and judgement of the work during the thesis examination

process (i.e., does not guarantee that the thesis will be found

acceptable for the degree).

In the case of multiple-authored articles, the student must be the

primary author, although it is expected that co-authors may have had

input in revisions. The thesis must include a statement explicitly

outlining the contributions of the student and all co-authors. This

statement must appear in a section entitled "Contributions of

Authors" in the Preface of the thesis. The supervisor, by signing the

thesis submission form, attests to the accuracy of these statements

and will be asked to reaffirm at the oral defence in the case of a

doctoral thesis.


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Multiple-authored articles cannot be used in more than one thesis;

more explicitly, only one student may submit the article as part of

his/her thesis. In the case of students who have worked collaboratively

on projects, it may be preferable for both students to write a standard

format thesis, identifying individual contributions.

When previously published copyright material is presented in a thesis,

the student must obtain signed waivers from the publisher(s) and

submit these to the Thesis Office of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies

with the initial submission, or at the latest, with the final deposition.

Signed waivers also must be obtained from any co-authors of

unpublished manuscripts and submitted to the Thesis Office.Students

are strongly encouraged to obtain copyright permissions frompublishers (published papers) and co-authors (unpublished papers)

as soon as possible.

Irrespective of the Internal and External Examiners reports, the Oral

Defence Committee may require major or minor revisions to the

written thesis for the final deposition.

AppendicesAppendices are useful to present supplementary or raw data, details of

methodology (particularly for manuscript-based theses), consent forms, or

other information that would detract from the presentation of the research

in the main body of the thesis, but would assist readers and examiners in

their review. All material in appendices will be open to examination.

Thesis FormatThesis submission occurs in two stages, the initial submission requiring

hard copies for review by the Internal and External Examiners and,

following the examination process(es), the final deposition in electronic

format (SeeThesis Submission).The student may wish to use astyle-sheetwhich incorporates these

requirements to aid in writing the thesis.

For the initial submission, hard copies may be single-sided or double-sided

and may include coloured figures and illustrations.

Script and Page Format
http://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/thesis-submissionhttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/thesis-submissionhttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/thesis-submissionhttp://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/forms/http://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/forms/http://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/forms/http://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/forms/http://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/thesis-submission


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21.5 x 28cm (8.5" x 11") paper or standard European-size paper must be

used. A conventional font, size 12-point, 10 to 12 characters per inch must be

used. Line spacing must be double or 1.5. A conventional font, size 12-point,

10 to 12 characters per inch must be used. Line spacing must be double or

1.5.

Left-hand margins should have a width of not less than 38mm, to facilitate

binding. The right-hand margin need not be justified but it should be well

defined at approximately 25mm (or 38mm in the case of double-sided

copies). The top and bottom margins should be 25mm.

Paper and print quality

The thesis may be printed on standard quality paper (e.g., photocopy paper),

but higher quality may be desirable to reproduce high resolution and/or

colour figures.

Candidates are encouraged to make double-sided photocopies for

the initial submission of the thesis.

Pagination

Positioning of page numbers is optional. Pages with figures or illustrations

may be numbered in sequence or left unnumbered. The chosen procedure

must be used consistently throughout the thesis. Pagination must be

carefully checked for correct sequence and completeness. All errors must be

corrected before final deposition.

Footnotes, references and appendices

These should conform to a scholarly style appropriate to the discipline.

Footnotes may be placed at the bottom of the page or at the end of each

chapter. Consistency of formatting for footnotes and references is required

throughout the thesis. (Note: You may consult handbooks such as the MLA

or APA handbook for formatting styles. These are available in theReference

resourcesof the McLennan Library).

Figures and illustrations

Figures, tables, graphs, etc., should be positioned according to the scientificpublication conventions of the discipline. Charts, graphs, maps, and tables

that are larger than the standard page should be avoided unless absolutely

necessary. Overlays must be meticulously positioned in the text.

Where graphs, illustrations, photographs, etc. fill an entire page, these pages

can be numbered in sequence or left unnumbered (see Pagination above).
http://www.mcgill.ca/library/library-findinfo/referencehttp://www.mcgill.ca/library/library-findinfo/referencehttp://www.mcgill.ca/library/library-findinfo/referencehttp://www.mcgill.ca/library/library-findinfo/referencehttp://www.mcgill.ca/library/library-findinfo/referencehttp://www.mcgill.ca/library/library-findinfo/reference


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Legends or captions accompanying such full-page graphics must be

presented on a separate page.

Digital images and photographs

Photographs may be incorporated into the thesis.

Additional materials

Slides, tapes, diskettes, etc. are to be avoided if possible and can be included

only if the candidate authorizes the reproduction of the thesis without them.

Binding and labelling

Thesis copies must be bound in two-holed, stiff-cover binders (preferably

Acco-Press). Ring or spring binders will not be accepted.

Each copy of the thesis must have a typed label with the candidate's name,

the complete thesis title, Unit*, and degree sought. The student's name and

degree should also appear on the side of the thesis.

*Unit refers to a department, a division, a school, an institute, or a

Faculty/University-wide graduate program.

**Head refers to chair of the Academic Unit* or delegate (such as Graduate

Program Director/Associate Director). Names of delegate(s) should be

submitted to the Director, Graduate and Postdoctoral Affairs.

Carl Brockelmann (1868-1956)

Carl Brockelmann was born in Rostock, Germany. During his long and active life, whichhe mostly led in the academic arena in German universities (some of which are nowsituated in Poland and Russia), he displayed a remarkable combination of a widescholarly interest, an indomitable energy and an incredible memory. He is thearchetypicalGerman scholar. This enabled him to become prodigious in four fields of Oriental studiessimultaneously: Syriac studies, Arabic studies, Semitic linguistics and Turkish studies. Heearned eternal fame by his Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur(GAL), first published inWeimar 1898 and Berlin 1902. The work is in fact nothing more than a repertory of

information taken from manuscript catalogues, combined with data from the relevant bio-bibliographical literature.

In 1937-1942 appeared three supplement volumes, and in 1943-1949 appeared an up-dated version of the two original volumes. Together these form the set of five volumeswhich has been reprinted by Brills in Leiden ever since, and no one can without them.Brockelmanns GAL has never been surpassed, although several attempts have beenmade. It must be feared that onlyteamwork in the age of automation can accomplish comparable results.Brockelmann died in Halle/Saale, in former East Germany.


11/22

Source: J.J. Witkam, BrockelmannsGeschichterevisited, in CarlBrockelmann, Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur. Leiden 1996, vol. 1,pp. v-xvii.

Jan Karel van den Broek (1814-1865)

J.K. van den Broek was born in 1814 inHerwijnen. He studied medicine in the ClinicalSchool in Rotterdam and then settled as amunicipal physician in Arnhem. In 1852 heapplied for a post in the Dutch East-Indies. Hewas first assigned to a post in the residency ofCirebon, but not for long. In 1853 he wasappointed as the station physician in Dejima, thesmall artificial island in the harbour of Nagasakiwith the Dutch trading post. There he would staytill 1857. At first he made himself indispensableto his director, J.H. Donker Curtius, by his

demonstrations to high-placed Japanese visitorsin the field of western science and technology. Itwas the time that the Japanese tried to castguns and build steam engines, but not in anindustrial way. Being under the threat of westernnations

Portrait of Dr. J.K. van de

Broek by A. Groebel.

Lithograph by C.P. Groebel,

1852. (Original in

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

[RP-P-1903-A-23790]).

who tried to open negotiations with Japan, many daimyo (rulers of domains)

turned to the production of modern arms and the building of ships. Year after

year the number of van den Broeks Japanese pupils grew and the number of

questions by the Japanese increased. But as in his first posting in Cirebon,

things did not work out for van den Broek as he may have wished, and personal

controversies on the small post of Dejima intensified and made his life

miserable.

Van den Broek had started to compile, from December 1854 onwards, a

Japanese-Dutch and Dutch-Japanese dictionary, a project which would keep

him occupied for the rest of his life. In the region near Nagasaki van den Broeks

influence could be seen, in particular by the industrial complex in Kagoshima

(destroyed by the British in 1863 and never rebuilt). Photography was another

branch of western technology, first taught by van den Broek to the Japanese.

Van den Broek returned to Batavia in 1857, and when his grievances were not

redressed there, he went back to the Netherlands in 1859, and finally got some

sort of justice for his case. In 1861 he returned to the Indies in order to set up an

ice facture. This, too, went wrong and van den Broek fell ill. In 1863 he

repatriated and lived in Apeldoorn working on his dictionaries. After his death

there on May 23, 1865, his library was sold in auction, but the dictionaryremained unsold and was buried in the municipal library of Arnhem, where it

was discovered in 2001 by H.J. Moeshart.

After van den Broeks departure from Japan the teaching of natural science

stopped. In or shortly after 1857 the Dutch set up medical school and a training

hospital in Nagasaki. Van den Broeks experiments and installations had shown

the Japanese that without having a heavy industry such ventures were far too

costly. They came to the conclusion that ordering these from abroad was much


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more effective. Yet, these experiments had given the Japanese the know-how

necessary for setting up a heavy industry, as they in fact started to do later in

the 19th

century.

Source: Herman J. Moeshart, Een miskend geneesheer. Dr. J.K. van den Broeken de overdracht van kennis van westerse technologie in Japan 1853-1857.

Amsterdam 2003

Ludovicus de Dieu (1590-1642)

Louis de Dieu was a pupil, first of Thomas Erpenius (1584-1624), then ofJacobus Golius (1596-1667). Most of his active life he was a huguenot ministerin Leiden. Although his duties were time-consuming he found the opportunity tostudy Oriental languages. Hebrew and Syriac were the first, and knowledge ofthese two languages enabled him to compare the Greek and Latin translations

of the Bible text with older Oriental translations, and in the debate of his time onthe authenticity of the Bible versions he took an independent stance. In 1626 hepublished a short grammar of Hebrew. His research on the text of the NewTestament was collected and posthumously published by Melchior Leydekker(1645-1701) in 1693 under the title Critica Sacra, from which the presentengraved portrait by A. van Zylveld is derived. In 1628 he published acomparative grammar between Hebrew, Aramaic and Syriac.He also studiedArabic, but of his plan to publish a printed edition of the Quran, together with arefutation, nothing came about. He was also interested in the Arabic translationof the Pentateuch as used among the Samaritans. Finally, Bible study broughtLouis de Dieu to learn the Persian language. In this field he published a shortPersian grammar, a Life of Christ and the History of St. Peter in Persian, whichwere all three published in 1639. In 1635 De Dieu was offered the chair for OldTestament Studies and Oriental Languages in the University of Utrecht, but theelders of his church in Leiden did not wish to loose him, and he declined.

Source: W.M.C. Juynboll, Zeventiende-eeuwsche Beoefenaars van hetArabisch in Nederland. Utrecht (1931), pp. 200-204.

J.H. Donker Curtius (1813-1879)

Janus Henricus Donker Curtius, Dutch diplomat, read Law at Leiden University.He was the last opperhoofd orhead of the Dutch factory at Deshima in the bay

of Nagasaki, Japan. Arriving in 1852, he witnessed the forcible opening ofJapan by Commodore Matthew Perry in 1853. In 1856 he was instrumental inconcluding the first formal treaty between the Netherlands and Japan. In 1858he was the last opperhoofd of the Dutch settlement to perform the yearlyceremonial visit to Edo (present-day Tokyo) in order to pay homage and tributeto the Court of the Shogun. During this last voyage he acquired a collection of111 blockprinted books, mainly on Rangakuor Dutch knowledge: Dutch-Japanese dictionaries, Dutch grammars and Japanese translations of Dutchworks on medicine, science and technology. The collection was first described


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by J.J. Hoffmann in Verzameling van Japansche boekwerken, door J.H. DonkerCurtius op zijne reis naar Yedo in 1858 voor het Rijk ingekocht, posthumouslypublished by L. Serrurier (1882). The collection is included in the printedcatalogues of the Japanese books in the Leiden University Library by Serrurier(1896) and Kerlen (1996).Photograph of Donker Curtius by A.J. and A.F. Bauduin, taken in 1862. [Leiden

University Library, SDCF KHA C-48, original in the Archives of the RoyalHousehold, The Hague]. (Arnoud Vrolijk)

Joannes Drusius (1550-1616) was professor of Hebrew, Aramaic and Syriac inOxford from 1572-1576. In 1577 followed his appointment on the chair forOriental languages in Leiden, and then, in 1586, he went on to the moreprofitable chair Franeker. Later on in his life there were opportunities to becomethe Dutch translator of the Old Testament, but these did eventually notmaterialize.See also the short notice in theBiografisch-Bibliographisches Kirchen-Lexicon

Drusius portrait in Meursius,Athenae Batavae, opposite p. 253.

Thomas Erpenius (1584-1624)studied theology and Oriental languages in Leiden University. After extensivetravelling in Europe he was appointed professor of Oriental languages in Leidenin 1613. His best known work is his Arabic grammar, which saw a number of

editions between 1613 and 1829. Erpenius also published in the field of Syriacand Hebrew studies. He founded a printing press of his own, from which severalof his publications, mostly Arabic text editions, saw the light.

Erpenius portrait in Meursius,Athenae Batavae, opposite p. 301.

Jacobus Golius (1596-1667)

Jacobus Golius occupies a central position in 17th-century Dutch Orientalscholarship. In 1612 he came to Leiden University to study mathematics, whichhe finished four years later by delivering a disputation on the way of seeing.Then he started studying Arabic on a private basis. In 1618 he was registeredagain in Leiden, now in order to study Arabic with Thomas Erpenius (1584-1624),who had become professor of Oriental languages in 1613. Golius completed hisstudy in 1621 and went abroad, to France. In 1622-1624 he stayed in Morocco,where he was attached as an engineer to a Dutch mission which studied thepossibilities of building a port near Agadir. He visited Marrakech, from where his
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first manuscript acquisitions originate. On May 12, 1625, Golius was appointedErpenius successor. He obtained permission to travel in the Middle East i n orderto acquire manuscripts. At that time he had become proficient in Persian andTurkish as well. After having spent some time in Aleppo, he went to Istanbul in1627, where he was temporarily employed as secretary to Cornelis Haga , theDutch representative to the Sublime Porte. In Istanbul he continued to purchasemanuscripts. In 1629 he was back in Holland with a treasure of more thantwohundred Middle-Eastern manuscripts which were deposited in LeidenUniversity Library (now registered as Or. 1-Or. 211, marking the beginning of theOriental department in that Library). In the same year he was appointedprofessor of Mathematics as well, as the successor of Willebrord Snellius (1591-1626). Then followed thirty-eight years of university life. In 1629 he published thefirst piece of Arabic poetry ever to appear in print, in 1636 an edition of the Lifeand history of Timur Lenk, in 1640 a catalogue of the manuscripts which he hadpurchased on behalf of Leiden University, in 1653 his monumental LexiconArabico-Latinum, in 1654 he compiled a treatise on the empire of Cathay, whichwas published a year later as part of the Novus Atlas Sinensis by the Jesuitmissionary Martinus Martinius. Golius had started to study Chinese with the latterwhen Martinius was in the Netherlands in order to supervise the publication of hisAtlas with the Amsterdam publishing house of Joannes Blaeu. In 1656 Golius

published a new edition of Erpenius Arabic grammar. In 1669, two years after hisdeath, appeared two more works by Golius: the Arabic edition and Latintranslation of chapters of al-Farghanis astronomical handbook, and his Persian-Latin dictionary, as the second part of the Lexicon Heptaglotton by EdmundusCastellus of Cambridge. When Golius died in 1667, he was succeededimmediately in his professorship in mathematics, but it would take some fortyyears till the University appointed his successor for Arabic in the person of J.Heyman. His collection of printed books, a collection larger than that in LeidenUniversity library, was auctioned off in 1668.What few knew was that Golius had in fact purchased two collections ofmanuscripts. Over twohundred manuscripts were for the University Library, buthe had purchased a similar private collection as well. That private collection wasfinally auctioned off in 1696, after a conflict between Golius children about his

estate had been resolved. That private collection is now dispersed. Attempts at areconstruction of the private collection of Golius reveal that most of themanuscripts are now in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, as part of the Marshcollection. A few can be found in Hamburg and in Paris. Those that werepurchased by Dutch orientalists circulated for many years in private hands, tillmost of them eventually came into the Leiden collections as well.

Lithograph portrait by L. Springer, Leiden ca. 1835, after one of the 17th-centuryportrait paintings of Golius.

Sources:W.M.C. Juynboll, Zeventiende-eeuwsche beoefenaars van het Arabisch inNederland. Utrecht 1931, pp. 119-183.

J.J. Witkam, Jacobus Golius (1596-1667) en zijn handschriften. Leiden 1980.

A.J.W. Huisman (1917-1983) was for many years, till his retirement in 1980, curator

of Oriental printed books in Leiden University Library. His academic education

started in 1935 when he enrolled in Colonial Law in the University of Amsterdam,

as he intended to pursue a career of civil servant in the Dutch East-Indies. He

completed this study in 1938, but did not immediately depart to the Dutch Indies,


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he first took on a study of Semitics, the primary examination of which he passed

in 1943. After the war he served in two important, but ill-fated, capacities in

Makassar, South Celebes. After the transfer of sovereignty of Indonesia in 1949

he returned to The Netherlands. There he completed his study in Semitics, and

under the guidance of J.H. Kramers (1891-1951) he also studied Arabic and

Persian. His permanent association with Leiden University Library dates from

1954. With some interruptions (temporary posts held in Baghdad and Beirut) he

served the Leiden Library for about a quarter of a century, and it is in this

capacity that he will be best remembered. Scholars from all over the world found

in him a unique source of information and advice, and quite often a warm friend

as well. He witnessed the beginning of the changes in library routines in The

Netherlands, when card catalogues were gradually being replaced by automated

retrieval instruments, and he contributed to fitting the oriental printed books, with

all their bibliographical peculiarities, into the rigidity of library automation. His

activities for the Leiden collection are probably best remembered because of his

eager response to the tremendous increase of the number of publications in the

Middle East and Indonesia in the 1960s and 1970s. His useful work Les

manuscrits Arabes dans le monde. Une bibliographie des catalogues (Leiden1967) has served a generation of scholars, till the book was replaced when

the World Survey of Islamic manuscriptsstarted to appear in the 1990s.

Portrait (chalk or colour pencil on paper) of A.J.W. Huisman made in 1983 by

W.A.B. Kriste (Leiden University Library, Or. 26.310).

Source: S.A. Bonebakker, In memoriam August Jan Willem Huisman 1917-

1983, inManuscripts of the Middle East1 (1986), pp. 100-102.

Henry Lansdell, in a costume of

the Gilyak (a people in Sakhalinand the Amur region on the

opposite mainland) made of

salmon skin [original photograph

in UBL, Biblioth. Biograph. Port.

No. 25, no. 11].


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Henry Lansdell (1841-1919), D.D. F.R.S.G.,

M.R.A.S., chaplain of Morden College,

Blackheath, missionary, traveller and author

ofThe sacred Tenth, Through

Siberia,Russian Central Asia, including

Kuldja, Bokhara, Khiva and Mervand Chinese Central Asia.A Ride to Little

Tibet.

In Through Siberia (1882) [UBL 665 F 9-10] Lansdell gives a detailed description

of a journey through Siberia, from Europe to the Pacific. In it he gives a vivid

account of a land about which not much was known at the time. He includes

descriptions of the penal institutions and mines, to which he was possibly the first

foreigner to be given access to. The book met with instant praise and popularity.

In less than one year the publisher, Houghton, Mifflin & Co in Boston, brought out

three American editions. In the same year several English editions appeared.

In 1885 Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington in London published

LansdellsRussian Central Asia, including Kuldja, Bokhara, Khiva and Merv[UBL

439 D 2-3]. This lavishly illustrated two-volume edition, with over 1460 pages,was dedicated to the Czar of Russia. Lansdell set out to give a full description on

this part of Russia, including the fauna and flora of Russian Turkistan, together

with an extensive bibliography on the region. The frontispiece shows a

photograph of the author in Khokand armour with saddlecloth and battle-axe,

presented to him by the Emir of Bukhara. The axe accentuates the Church

militant that Lansdell was. In another illustration in the book Lansdell is depicted

in a robe of honour, with turquoise bridle, also given to him by the Emir of

Bukhara (see the engraved portrait herewith published).

The Timesof May 27, 1885, wrote on the book: Perhaps on the whole the most

interesting part of the narrative is that which relates to Dr. Lansdells experiences

in Bokhara. He was received with all ceremony on the frontier as the Emirs

guest, and conducted to Kitab, where the Emir was spending the summer. []For his audience with the Emir, Dr. Lansdell thought it necessary to make himself

as imposing as possible, and so arrayed himself in an astonishing costume partly

clerical, partly masonic, and partly Servian. He succeeded, however, as usual, in

getting all his wishes granted.

All these noble scientific and adventurous efforts should, of course, be

understood within the historical framework of Lansdells time. By the middle of

the eighteenth century, Britain had become the dominant European power in

India. With its hegemony of India also came fears that other powers would wrest

the Jewel in the Crown away from Britain. Such fears not unjustly dominated

much of the foreign policy of the United Kingdom in the nineteenth century. The

rivalry with Russia, an expanding power in Central Asia, in this respect became

known as the Great Game an has been an inspiration to many a novel (e.g.

Rudyard KiplingsKim). The visits of Lansdell to the back garden of India can be

seen as a promotional move in the geopolitical chess game between Great

Britain and Russia for dominance and influence in the region.

(Kasper van Ommen)

Source: Philipp Schaff & Samuel Macauley Jackson, Encyclopedia of living

divines and Christian workers of all denominations in Europe and America. New

Henry Lansdell, in a robe of

honour, with turquoise bridle,

presented to him by the Emir of

Bukhara [wood engraving

in Russian Central Asia, p. 161).


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York, 1887.

Franciscus Raphelengius (1539-1597) was in 1586 appointed to the chair of

Hebrew in Leiden, after Drusius departure for Franeker. He was also appointedAcademy printer, and managed the Plantin Office in Leiden, being ChristopherPlantins son-in-law. He also had knowledge of Arabic and Persian. His Arabic-Latin lexicon was posthumously published in 1613, with numerous correctionsadded by Erpenius.

Raphelengiuss portrait in Meursius,Athenae Batavae, opposite p. 140.

Adriaan Reland (1676-1718)

Adriaan Reland, or Hadrianus Relandus, was from 1699 onwards professor ofphilosophy in the University of Harderwijk. From 1701 onwards he was professorof Oriental languages in the University of Utrecht and from 1713 he also taughtHebrew antiquities there. He was a gifted and many-sided scholar. HisworksAntiquitates sacrae veterum Hebraeorum (1708) andPalestina exmonumentis veteribus illustrata(1714) are still fundamental for our knowledge ofthe geography of biblical Palestine. But Reland had a much wider interest.Among his collected essays (Dissertationum miscellanearum partes tres,

1706-1708) there are treatises of varied content, in which one finds such diversesubjects as the languages of India, of the Indonesian archipelago, of Japan,China, and even those of the native Americans. Even if his comparative linguisticremarks on these languages have now lost most of their relevance, the very factthat he tackled these subjects when almost nobody devoted attention to them,stands out as a remarkable feat. In his collected essays one also finds anenlightening treatise about Islamic seals. Reland showed his intimate knowledgeof Arabic by his (Dutch) translation Ibn TufaylsHayy b. Yaqzn (De natuurlijkewijsgeer, 1701) and his (first) edition of al-Zarns didactic treatise (Enchiridionstudiosi, 1709). Relands best known work, however, is De religionemohammedica libri duo (1st ed. 1705; 2nd ed. 1717). In it he tries, for the firsttime in Europe, to describe Islam as a religion in its own right. In Latin and inseveral translations it was distributed all over Europe - and immediately placedon the Indexin Rome. The work consists of a long preface and two separateparts. The preface contains Relands general remarks, from which it is clear thathe was not a Muslim, but that he held the opinion that Islam could better befought if one knows what it really is, instead of fighting a set of misconceptions.This may have been Relands strategy in order to avoid the suspicion of being arenegade, which in his time would have been a severe accusation. At the sametime, however, Reland promoted the idea that one can also study a subject forstudys sake, and by making that statement Reland proved to be very modernindeed. The first part of the book contains an edition with annotated Latintranslation of an (as yet unidentified) Arabic compendium of Islamic theology. In


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the second part Reland treats forty-one common misconceptions about Islamwhich are held by his contemporaries and which he is able to explain awaythanks to his erudite knowledge. With impressive erudition he treats suchmisconceptions about Islam as the question whether women do enter Paradise(yes), whether Mary, the mother of Jesus is the daughter of Moses (no), whetherthe Muslims adore Venus (no), whether the angels are feminine (no), whether thedevils can hear (not relevant, question caused by an incorrect interpretation of aQuranic sentence), etc. The second edition of the book has a large folding platewith a view on the courtyard of the Great Mosque in Mekka. The original, adrawing made before or around 1711-1712 by a Muslim, was given to Reland byhis colleague from Uppsala, Michael Eneman. This plate, published in 1717, isthe first correct image of the Great Mosque which was published in Europe.

Source: J. Nat, De beoefening van de Oostersche talen in Nederland in de 18een 19e eeuw. Purmerend 1929, pp. 12-21.

Joseph Francis Charles Rock (1884-1962)

Joseph Rock, botanist, anthropologist,

explorer, linguist, and author, immigrated to

the United States from his native Austria in

1905. From 1907 to 1920, Rock lived in Hawaii where he became a self-taught

specialist on the Hawaiian flora. On the faculty of the College of Hawaii, Rock

taught botany and published five books and numerous papers on the subject.

From 1920 until 1949, he explored and collected in Asia for various United States

institutions and agencies: The National Geographic Society, U. S. Dept. of

Agriculture, Harvard University and others. Several of Rocks travelogues were

published in the National Geographic Magazine. Today, Rocks contribution is

still utilized by the scholarly community and best summarized by Tibetan and

Himalayan Studies scholar Michael Aris in his Lamas, Princes, and Brigands:Joseph Rocks Photographs of the Tibetan Borderlands of China , New York

1992.

Joseph Rock may be called the founder of Nakhilogy. During 1922-1949, heresided about twenty years in Nakhi land, in the district of Lijiang, Yunnan, China,where he had the opportunity to observe the life and culture of the Nakhi peopleas well as the religious ceremonies of the Nakhi priests, the Dtomba orDongba.Rock was the first European to learn how to read the pictographical script ofthe Dtombas as well as their syllabic characters, and to interpret the Nakhi texts.Considerable numbers of Rocks Nakhi manuscripts are now preserved in theStaatsbibliothek Preussischer Kulturbesitz in Berlin. They are describedin Verzeichnis der orientalischen Handschriften in Deutschland, Band VII. OtherNakhi manuscripts materials originating from Rock are kept in the Library ofCongress (Heronmere-Collection) and the Harvard-Yenching Institute in HarvardUniversity. Many of Rocks botanical and geographical papers, notes andphotographs are preserved in the Arnold Arboretum Archives, Jamaica Plain,Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.

Sources:Klaus L. Janert, Foreword inNa-khi manuscripts, part 1. Edited by Klaus L.Janert. Compiled by Joseph Francis Rock. Wiesbaden 1965, pp. xi-xiv.

J.F. Rock in the monastery of Cho-ni, Central China. Winter 1929.

J.F. Rock shortly before his death,1962.


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Harvards website on the Rockcollection:http://oasis.harvard.edu/html/ajp00007.html

Josephus Justus Scaliger(1540-1609) was the most learned man of his time. Hisfame was mainly established on his Opus novum de Emendatione Temporum inVIII libros tributum, which was first published in Paris in 1583. Till 1629, the bookwould see three more, enlarged, editions, with slightly different titles. His displayof Oriental languages in this comparative study of calendar systems isimpressive: Arabic, Persian and Ethiopic. In 1593 he was appointed to a speciallycreated chair in Leiden University, with absolute research facilities and theadditional privilege to wear a red gown.

Scaligers portrait in J. Meursius,Athenae Batavae (Leiden 1625), opposite p.168.

Stephanus Schultz (1714-1776)

Stephanus Schultz was born in Flatow, now in Poland. He was active in theChristian mission among the Jews. He has described his extensive missionarytravels of almost twenty years in his 5-volume work entitled Leitungen desHchsten nach seinem Rath auf dem Reisen durch Europa, Asia undAfrika (published in Halle, 1771-1775). Since 1736 he was a follower of JohannHeinrich Callenberg (1694-1760), the head of the Institutum Judaicum in Halle,which was founded in 1728 for the purpose of the christianization of the Jews.Schultz has travelled all over Europe for this cause, and he has also visited theNear East (in August 1753 he was in Cairo), from where he came back in Halle in1756, after having given up plans to extend his activities as far as China and theAmericas. In 1760 he became Callenbergs successor. Sixteen years later hedied in Halle.

Source: Editha Wolf-Crome, Stephanus Schultz.Aus den Lebenserinnerungen.Hamburg-Bergstedt 1977.

The Leiden Library owns original materials collected or made by StephanusSchultz and his travel companion Albrecht Friedrich Woltersdorf (died in 1755 inAkko) on their travels in Egypt and the Near East (Loan collection RoyalAcademy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Nos. 77, 81, 82, 83, 90, 92, 93, 94,95, 97, 137, 161, 196, 199, 204, 205, 209, 210).

Ludovico di Varthema c. 1470-1517

Ludovico di Varthema (or Barthema) was a native of Bologna. He is the author of

a well-read travelogue telling about his journey to the Middle-East, India and the

East-Indies: Itinerario de Ludovico de Varthema Bolognese nello Egypto, nella

Surria, nella Arabia deserta e felice, nella Persia, nella India & nella Ethiopia .

Rome 1510. These travels lasted from December 1502, when Varthema left
http://oasis.harvard.edu/html/ajp00007.htmlhttp://oasis.harvard.edu/html/ajp00007.htmlhttp://oasis.harvard.edu/html/ajp00007.htmlhttp://oasis.harvard.edu/html/ajp00007.html


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Venice for Alexandria, till December 1508 when he returned to Rome. In these

seven years his travels brought him to Egypt, Syria, Arabia, Yemen, Ethiopia,

Gujerat, Oman, Shiraz in Persia, back to India again, along the East coast as far

South as Ceylon, from there to Bengal, Malakka, Sumatra, the Moluccas and

Java. Varthemas journey home went via India to Mozambique and Lisbon. His

visit to Arabia included a stay in Medina (from 11 May 1503) and Mekka (from 22

May 1503). The book was an instant success and saw several editions and

translations.

Varthemas visit to Mekka is remarkable, but in some details not entirely

trustworthy. His account of the two unicorns which he purportedly saw there

cannot be true as such animals do not really exist. He may have seen something

else, but one wonders what it may have been. The suggestion that Varthema

saw the pilgrimage is not borne out by the date of his visit. He visited Medina and

Mekka in the course of Dhu al-Qa`da 908 of the Islamic lunar calendar and by

then the Hajjwas one month ago. However, he may have been shown Mount

Arafat and he may have been told about the pilgrimage ritual there. And there

were certainly believers performing the Omrah, the lesser pilgrimage which can

be done throughout the year. One may also doubt whether he really saw theinterior of the Haram in Mekka as his account is an accumulation of inaccuracies,

although his stay in Mekka would seem authentic enough. Varthemas

description of Mekka was influential. It seems to be the single source for the

haphazard selection of curious details on Mekka in the Cosmographia (Basel

1550) of Sebastian Mnster (1489-1552).

Source: The itinerary of Ludovico di Varthema of Bologna from 1502-1508 as

translated

from the original Italian edition of 1510, by John Winter Jones, in 1863 for the

Hakluyt Society; with a Discourse on Varthema and his travels in southern Asia,

by Sir Richard Carnac Temple. London 1928.

Ludovico Varthema, Itinerario [...]. Venetia 1522. [Leiden, University Library:

1368 F 31].

A portrait of Varthema does not seem to be preserved. The woodcut illustration

on the title-page of the edition Venice 1522 shows an explorer or geographer

mapping out the world. It is rather the theme of exploration and geography which

is depicted here than an attempt to portray Varthema. The ship seen from the

window is yet another reference to this. The woodcut, signed E.A., may have

been used in other books as well.

De uytnemende en seer wonderlicke Zee- en Land-reyse van dHeerLudowich di

Barthema van Bononien [...] gedaen in de Morgen-landen, Syrien, Vruchtbaer-


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en Woest-Arabien, Perssen, Indien, Egypten, Ethiopien en andere. Uyt het

Italiaens in Hoog-duyts vertaelt, door Hieronimus Megiser [...] En uyt den selven

nu eerst-mael int Nederduytsch gebraght, door F.S. Utrecht 1654. [Leiden,

University Library: 351 C 25]

On top of the engraved title we see a panorama of Cairo, from the West bank of

the Nile. In the centre sits Varthema, presenting the title of his travelogue to hisreadership. Behind him we see a globe. He is seconded by two indigenous

warriors. At left a Mamluk, a reference to the Arabian adventures, at the right an

Indian, apparently a native of a South-East Asian region. The scene depicted at

the bottom may refer to Varthemas phantastic excape from Radaa, Yemen,

which he tells he managed to do with the help of a woman who had fallen in love

with him. The authenticity of Varthemas portrait which is reproduced here from

the engraved title of this Dutch translation of the Itinerario is doubtful, if only

because of the long interval between the authors lifetime and the date of

publication.

Carl BrockelmannFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Carl Brockelmann (18681956), GermanSemiticist, was the foremostorientalistof his generation. He was a

professor at the universities inBreslau,Berlinand, from 1903,Knigsberg. He is best known for his multi-

volumeGeschichte der arabischen Litteratur(18981902) (History of Arabic literature) which included all writers

in Arabic to 1937, and remains the fundamental reference volume for all Arabic literature, apart from the

Christian Arabic texts (covered byGeorg Graf).

He also published Syrische Grammatik mit Litteratur, Chrestomathie und Glossar(1899), Semitische

Sprachwissenschaft(1906),Lexicon syriacum (1928), andArabische Grammatik(under his own name 1941,

but this was the 11th edition of the grammar ofAlbert Socin, previously revised by Brockelmann several times).

[edit]Publications

1895: Lexicon Syriacum. Berlin: Reuther & Reichard; Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark. [1995 edition:ISBN 3-487-

01181-6]

1908-1913: Grundriss der vergleichenden Grammatik der semitischen Sprachen. 2 vols. Berlin: Reuther

and Reichard.

1950:Abessinsche Studien. Berlin: Akademie Verlag.

[edit]References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitic_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitic_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitic_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orientalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orientalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orientalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Wroc%C5%82awhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Wroc%C5%82awhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Wroc%C5%82awhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_K%C3%B6nigsberghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_K%C3%B6nigsberghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_K%C3%B6nigsberghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geschichte_der_arabischen_Litteratur&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geschichte_der_arabischen_Litteratur&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geschichte_der_arabischen_Litteratur&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Grafhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Grafhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Grafhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albert_Socin&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albert_Socin&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albert_Socin&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carl_Brockelmann&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carl_Brockelmann&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carl_Brockelmann&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/3487011816http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/3487011816http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/3487011816http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/3487011816http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carl_Brockelmann&action=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carl_Brockelmann&action=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carl_Brockelmann&action=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carl_Brockelmann&action=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/3487011816http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/3487011816http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carl_Brockelmann&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albert_Socin&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Grafhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geschichte_der_arabischen_Litteratur&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_K%C3%B6nigsberghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Wroc%C5%82awhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orientalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitic_languages


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(Portrait gallery) Carl Brockelmann (1868-1956)atLeiden University
http://bc.ub.leidenuniv.nl/bc/olg/portret/content.htmlhttp://bc.ub.leidenuniv.nl/bc/olg/portret/content.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leiden_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leiden_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leiden_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leiden_Universityhttp://bc.ub.leidenuniv.nl/bc/olg/portret/content.html

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