Portfolio 238664 Sainsburys Recovery Plan
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Transcript of Portfolio 238664 Sainsburys Recovery Plan
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SAINSBURY Vs TESCO
SAINSBURYS STRATEGIC
RECOVERY PLAN
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2
2. COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS OF SAINSBURY & TESCO FINANCIAL POSITIONS ----------------------- 2
i. Sainsburys Financial and Competitive Position ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
ii. Financial AnalysisSainsbury ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
iii. Financial AnalysisTesco ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7
iv. Sainsbury SWOT Analysis ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
3. PROPOSED SAINSBURYS RECOVERY PLAN-------------------------------------------------------------------- 10
i. Investment Strategies for Recovery -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10
ii. Key Financials Underpinning Investment Strategies ------------------------------------------------------------------ 10
iii. Resources Required to Implement Investment Strategies ------------------------------------------------------------- 11
4. KEY FINANCIAL PROJECTIONS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11
i. Summary of Sainsburys Key Financials Post Recovery ----------------------------------------------------------- 11
ii. Impact of Investment Strategies on Sainsburys Key Financials ---------------------------------------------------- 11
5. INVESTMENT APPRAISAL OF INVESTMENT PROJECTS --------------------------------------------------- 11
i. Summary of Investment Strategy ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11
ii. Investment Appraisal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13
6. SOURCES OF FINANCE AND THE COST OF CAPITAL -------------------------------------------------------- 14
i. Sainsburys Investment Funding Plan and Revised Capital Structure ---------------------------------------------- 14
7. RISK ASSESSMENT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14
i. Identified Risks and Impact on Sainsburys Cost of Capital--------------------------------------------------------- 14
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1. INTRODUCTION
Sainsbury and Tesco are two largest grocery retail chains primarily operating in United Kingdom.Sainsbury, once the market leader, has gradually lost its market share to Tesco over time and Tesco
has now emerged the market leader in grocery retail industry. In this assignment, I am required to
analyze Sainsbury and Tescos financial and competitive positions by doing strategic and financial
statement analysis for the last five years. On the basis of such analysis, I am required to propose a
strategic recovery plan for Sainsbury, outlining key investment strategies to be undertaken, evaluating
proposed investment strategies to be undertaken and identifying the risks involved therein and also
evaluatingthe impact of such investment strategies on Sainsburys financial and competitive position.
In this assignment, I have used various tools and techniques available for such financial and
competitive analysis, including but not limited to Value Chain Analysis, Porters Five Forces Model,
BCG Growth Matrix and traditional financial statement and ratio analysis. I wouldnt have been able
to produce following structured analysis and propose recovery strategies had I not utilized such tools
and techniques of financial and competitive analysis.
2. COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS OF SAINSBURY & TESCO FINANCIAL POSITIONS
i. Sainsburys Financial and Competitive Position
Over the last five years, Sainsbury has been noticeably different and lagging behind Tesco on number
of fronts and consequently such factors had contributed towards its downfall. A summary of such
differences is outlined below.
Low Profitability Relative to Tesco
Over the last five years, Sainsbury has been living on relatively low operating profit margins due to
number of factors. Major ones are concentration on low margin products, inefficiencies in controlling
costs and lack of value added through suppliers chain. As shown by the following graphs, Sainsbury is
lagging behind Tesco in EBITDA margin and net profit margin.
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Such low profitability has also resulted in relatively low return on invested capital and return on equity
ratios despite not many differences in the utilization of capital and use of leverage.
Low Sales Growth Relative to Tesco
Another factor that has contributed to the downfall of Sainsbury over the last few years is its low sales
growth relative to Tesco as shown by the following graph.
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
6.0%
7.0%
8.0%
9.0%
2001A 2002A 2003A 2004A 2005A 2006A
EBITDA Margin
Tesco Sainsbury
-2.0%
-1.0%
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
6.0%
2001A 2002A 2003A 2004A 2005A 2006A
EBIT Margin
Tesco Sainsbury
-2.0%
0.0%
2.0%
4.0%
6.0%
8.0%
10.0%
12.0%
2001A 2002A 2003A 2004A 2005A 2006A
Return on Invested Capital
Tesco Sainsbury
-5.0%
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
2001A 2002A 2003A 2004A 2005A 2006A
Return on Equity
Tesco Sainsbury
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Despite high sales growth of Tesco in Asia, the major sales growth contribution of Tesco has come
from UK alone. The following charts can better present the Tescos sales growth contribution story.
A number of factors have contributed to such low sales growth of Sainsbury. The major ones are high
payout ratios, non-responsiveness to Tescos convenient stores strategy and complacent / risk averse
attitude towards growth strategies.
88%
8%
4%
85%
9%
6%
82%
10%
8%
80%
11%
9%
80%
11%9%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
GEOGRAPHICAL SALES MIX - TESCO
UK Rest o fEurope
Asia
7.8%
2.1%2.6%
6.4%
2.1%2.7%
13.3%
2.8%
2.5%
7.7%
1.4%
1.1%
0.0%
2.0%
4.0%
6.0%
8.0%
10.0%
12.0%
14.0%
2003 2004 2005 2006
Tesco's Geographical Weighted Sales Growth
TescoUK
TescoRest ofEurope
TescoAsia
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ii. Financial Analysis Sainsbury
SAINSBURY
2001A 2002A 2003A 2004A 2005A 2006A
Liquidity
Current ratio 0.74 0.55 0.47 0.30 0.20 0.68
Acid test ratio 0.46 0.43 0.51 0.34 0.36 0.48
Profitability
EBITDA margin 5.9% 5.8% 6.6% 6.6% 3.8% 4.3%
EBIT margin 3.3% 3.7% 3.8% 3.6% -1.1% 1.4%
Net profit margin 2.3% 2.2% 1.9% 1.9% -1.2% 0.4%Return on invested capital 6.5% 6.1% 4.1% 3.8% -1.9% 2.0%
Return on equity 7.2% 7.3% 5.0% 5.0% -4.5% 1.5%
Efficiency
Operating capital turnover 2.55 2.63 1.92 1.81 2.42 2.54
Invested capital turnover 2.53 2.59 1.92 1.80 2.43 2.53
Receivable turnover (days) 13 9 8 10 8 6
Inventory turnover (days) 21 20 26 24 16 16
Payable turnover (days) 57 57 73 69 60 58
Growth
Sustainable growth rate 0% 2% 2% 1% 0% 3%
Sales growth (YoY) 0.0% 7.5% -17.8% 2.4% 5.3% 6.5%
Earnings per share growth (YoY) 0.0% 3.6% -29.0% 2.7% -178.2% -130.9%
Dividend per share growth (YoY) 0.0% 3.7% 4.5% 0.7% -3.7% -48.7%
Financial Risk
Gearing ratio 21.3% 23.3% 28.3% 32.4% 34.3% 38.5%
Debt-equity ratio 0.27 0.30 0.39 0.48 0.52 0.62
Interest coverage ratio 6.91 12.80 8.98 8.70 (1.95) 1.82
Investment Ratios
Dividend payout ratio 94% 77% 65% 76% 92% -136%
Dividend per share (Pence) 14.19 14.72 15.38 15.49 14.92 7.66
Earnings per share (Pence) 15.02 19.16 23.64 20.28 16.16 (5.61)
Book value per share (Pence) 256.89 262.41 271.59 278.88 241.66 228.52
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SAINSBURY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
GBP Millions
Income Statement 2001A 2002A 2003A 2004A 2005A 2006A
Sales (excldg. VAT) 15,954 17,154 14,104 14,440 15,202 16,061
Cost of goods sold (13,089) (13,982) (11,386) (11,512) (12,765) (13,180)
Gross profit 2,865 3,172 2,718 2,928 2,437 2,881
Selling & general expenses (1,918) (2,169) (1,781) (1,981) (1,861) (2,183)
EBITDA 947 1,003 937 947 576 698
Depreciation & Amorization (422) (376) (398) (425) (748) (470)
EBIT 525 627 539 522 (172) 228
Interest expense, net (76) (49) (60) (60) (88) (125)
Other net income 67 (5) (8) 17 22 1
Profit before tax 516 573 471 479 (238) 104
Taxes (157) (200) (206) (206) 51 (46)
Net profit 359 373 265 273 (187) 58
Items recognized directly in equity 10 (1) (4) (10) 87 (154)
Comprehensive income b4 discont. Ops. 369 372 261 263 (100) (96)
Discontinued operations (79) (1) 197 131 375 -
Comprehensive income after discont. Ops. 290 371 458 394 275 (96)
GBP Millions
Balance Sheet 2001A 2002A 2003A 2004A 2005A 2006A
Cash 998 999 1,209 771 796 1,080
Accounts receivable 563 417 310 394 319 276
Inventories 763 751 800 753 559 576
Other net current assets (713) (878) (1,211) (1,233) (1,237) (411)
Total current assets 1,611 1,289 1,108 685 437 1,521
Accounts payable (2,058) (2,200) (2,274) (2,191) (2,093) (2,094)
Accrued liabilities (127) (140) (98) (85) (125) (154)
Non-interest bearing current liabilities (2,185) (2,340) (2,372) (2,276) (2,218) (2,248)
Operating working capital (574) (1,051) (1,264) (1,591) (1,781) (727)
Gross property, plant and equipment 8,979 9,882 10,648 11,314 10,469 10,741
Accumulated depreciation (2,764) (2,976) (3,108) (3,100) (3,393) (3,681)
Net property, plant and equipment 6,215 6,906 7,540 8,214 7,076 7,060
Intangible assets 278 263 226 208 203 191
Investment properties - - - - - -
Other net operating assets 329 412 860 1,163 773 (194)
Operating invested capital 6,248 6,530 7,362 7,994 6,271 6,330
Other net assets 58 93 (26) 24 (11) 23
Total Invested Capital 6,306 6,623 7,336 8,018 6,260 6,353
Liabilities and equity
Interest bearing debt 1,346 1,542 2,074 2,599 2,147 2,431
Derivatives - - - - - 12
Interest bearing debt, adjusted 1,346 1,542 2,074 2,599 2,147 2,443
Total shareholders' equity (incldg. Minority Int.) 4,804 4,909 5,072 5,185 4,112 3,965
Deferred tax, net 156 172 190 234 1 (55)
Adjusted equity 4,960 5,081 5,262 5,419 4,113 3,910
6,306 6,623 7,336 8,018 6,260 6,353
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iii. Financial Analysis Tesco
TESCO
2001A 2002A 2003A 2004A 2005A 2006ALiquidityCurrent ratio 0.57 0.62 0.61 0.66 0.62 0.66Acid test ratio 0.18 0.20 0.16 0.23 0.22 0.24
ProfitabilityEBITDA margin 7.8% 7.8% 8.0% 8.1% 7.8% 7.7%
EBIT margin 5.6% 5.6% 5.7% 5.6% 5.6% 5.6%Net profit margin 3.4% 3.5% 3.6% 3.6% 4.0% 4.0%
Return on invested capital 9.2% 9.2% 8.6% 9.1% 10.2% 10.7%Return on equity 13.3% 13.8% 13.4% 12.9% 14.8% 16.3%
EfficiencyOperating capital turnover 2.48 2.38 2.14 2.29 2.46 2.62Invested capital turnover 2.40 2.31 2.09 2.24 2.39 2.53Receivable turnover (days) 6 7 9 10 8 8Inventory turnover (days) 18 18 20 18 19 18
Payable turnover (days) 58 59 67 66 72 62
GrowthSustainable growth rate 8% 7.9% 7.7% 7.3% 9.4% 10.3%Sales growth (YoY) 0.0% 12.7% 9.9% 18.5% 9.9% 6.5%Earnings per share growth (YoY) 0.0% 14.1% 10.1% 9.8% 21.2% 15.6%Dividend per share growth (YoY) 0.0% 13.7% 9.8% 9.8% 3.6% 10.8%
Financial RiskGearing ratio 38.1% 41.3% 43.2% 37.8% 35.6% 37.5%Debt-equity ratio 0.62 0.70 0.76 0.61 0.55 0.60
Interest coverage ratio 9.33 8.64 8.24 7.78 14.40 17.31
Investment RatiosDividend payout ratio 47% 47% 47% 47% 40% 38%Dividend per share (Pence) 4.90 5.58 6.12 6.72 6.96 7.71Earnings per share (Pence) 10.40 11.87 13.37 12.30 15.67 16.89
Book value per share (Pence) 78.13 85.87 97.60 111.48 117.38 123.53
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TESCO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
GBP Millions
Income Statement 2001A 2002A 2003A 2004A 2005A 2006A
Sales (excldg. VAT) 20,988 23,653 26,004 30,814 33,866 39,454
Cost of goods sold (16,877) (19,006) (20,773) (24,471) (25,296) (29,686)
Gross profit 4,111 4,647 5,231 6,343 8,570 9,768
Selling & general expenses (2,469) (2,791) (3,143) (3,854) (5,935) (6,740)
EBITDA 1,642 1,856 2,088 2,489 2,635 3,028
Depreciation & Amorization (476) (534) (604) (754) (734) (829)
EBIT 1,166 1,322 1,484 1,735 1,901 2,199
Interest expense, net (125) (153) (180) (223) (132) (127)
Other net income 7 19 36 59 123 159
PBT 1,048 1,188 1,340 1,571 1,892 2,231
Taxes (327) (358) (394) (469) (539) (645)
Net profit 721 830 946 1,102 1,353 1,586
Items recognized directly in equity - - 22 (157) (127) (243)
Comprehensive income b4 discont. Ops. 721 830 968 945 1,226 1,343
Discontinued operations - - - - (6) (10)
Comprehensive income after discont. Ops. 721 830 968 945 1,220 1,333
Balance Sheet 2001A 2002A 2003A 2004A 2005A 2006A
Cash 534 670 638 1,100 1,146 1,325
Accounts receivable 322 454 662 840 769 892
Inventories 838 929 1,140 1,199 1,309 1,464
Other current assets - - - - - -
Total current assets 1,694 2,053 2,440 3,139 3,224 3,681
Accounts payable (2,684) (3,061) (3,799) (4,456) (4,974) (5,083)
Accrued liabilities (292) (259) (230) (308) (224) (464)
Non-interest bearing current liabilities (2,976) (3,320) (4,029) (4,764) (5,198) (5,547)
Operating working capital (1,282) (1,267) (1,589) (1,625) (1,974) (1,866)
Gross property, plant and equipment 12,683 14,510 16,625 18,197 18,545 20,270
Accumulated depreciation (3,103) (3,478) (3,797) (4,103) (4,024) (4,388)
Net property, plant and equipment 9,580 11,032 12,828 14,094 14,521 15,882
Intangible assets 154 154 890 965 1,408 1,525
Investment properties - - - - 565 745
Other net operating assets - - - - (735) (1,211)
Operating invested capital 8,452 9,919 12,129 13,434 13,785 15,075
Other net assets 304 317 312 328 396 528
Total Invested Capital 8,756 10,236 12,441 13,762 14,181 15,603
Liabilities and equity
Interest bearing debt 3,340 4,230 5,377 5,200 5,045 5,388
Derivatives - - - - - 463
Interest bearing debt, adjusted 3,340 4,230 5,377 5,200 5,045 5,851
Total shareholders' equity (incldg. Minority Int.) 5,014 5,566 6,559 7,990 8,654 9,444
Deferred tax, net 402 440 505 572 482 308
Adjusted equity 5,416 6,006 7,064 8,562 9,136 9,752
8,756 10,236 12,441 13,762 14,181 15,603
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iv. Sainsbury SWOT Analysis
Strengths
Brand recognition Quality products Presence in USA Presence in banking sector
Weaknesses
Non availability of non-food products Product range attracting few
communities
Few stores at convenient locations Relatively high prices of various products Limited presence out of UK Lack of strategic alliance with suppliers Substandard sales growth Inefficiencies in expense control Concentration on low margin products Non-responsiveness to competitors
strategies
Opportunities
Roll out new products Enter into new markets Cater to needs of all communities Invest in technology to reduce operational
cost
Threats
Losing sales to competitors Flight of key personnel due to low
growth
Entrance of foreign retail chains in UK
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3. PROPOSED SAINSBURYS RECOVERY PLAN
i. Investment Strategies for Recovery
On the basis of above mentioned financial and competitive analysis, I suggest the following strategiesfor the recovery of Sainsbury.
Plan A: Opening of new small (convenient) stores at various locations throughout UK
Plan B: Entering into new markets like Pakistan, China, India, Brazil and Russia where populationgrowth along with economic growth is high and one can capture the first mover
advantage.
Plan C: Rolling out new product stream of big ticket and high margin items and launchingproducts that catered to the needs of various communities in UK to attract newcustomers.
ii. Key Financials Underpinning Investment Strategies
Plan A: No. of stores to be opened 1,500
Sales per store per annum .. GBP 7.5 million
Operating profit margin. 3.5%
Fixed Capital Investment per store GBP 1.5 million
Plan B: Total no. of stores to be opened 100 (20 stores in each country)
Sales per store per annum... GBP 20 million
Operating profit margin. 4.5%
Fixed Capital Investment per store GBP 4 million
Plan C: Increase in sales per annum... GBP 2 million
Operating profit margin 10.5%
Fixed Capital Investment GBP 0.5 million
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iii. Resources Required to Implement Investment Strategies
Total financial resources required to implement Plan A, Plan B and Plan C is GBP 2,650.5 million.Plan A requires an initial investment of GBP 2,250 million, Plan B requires an initial investment of
GBP 400 million, whereas Plan C requires an investment of GBP 0.5 million. Since the target debtratio (gearing) is set at 40pc keeping in perspective financial flexibility and risk appetite, all
incremental resources are financed in the ratio of 40% debt and 60% equity.
4. KEY FINANCIAL PROJECTIONS
i. Summary ofSainsburys KeyFinancials Post Recovery
After implementing the plans A, B and C, Sainsbury key financial would be as follows:
Sales growth... 82.5%
EBIT Margin.......... 2.4%
Net Profit Margin... 1.1%
ii. Impact of Investment Strategieson Sainsburys Key Financials
By implementing investment plans A, B and C, Sainsburys profitability has improved a lot andsales growth has achieved a significant mark of 82%. Such phenomenal growth, though not
sustainable over the long run, yet, such growth would put Sainsbury on the route of recovery.
5. INVESTMENT APPRAISAL OF INVESTMENT PROJECTS
i. Summary of Investment Strategy
Plan A: Since Sainsbury started to struggle and losing its market share when Tesco adopted theaggressive growth strategy of building convenient stores throughout UK, it is vital for Sainsbury tobecome more competitive and follow the same strategy of convenient stores to get advantage ofeconomies of scale that Tesco is enjoying currently.
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I suggest that Sainsbury establish 1,500 new convenient stores to attract new customers and to put itssales on a growth trajectory. Further details of the plan are as follows:
Sales per store per annum .. GBP 7.5 million
Operating profit margin. 3.5%
Fixed Investment per store GBP 1.5 million
Plan B: It is vital for Sainsbury to try new markets and capture the benefits of first mover advantage. Isuggest that Sainsbury invest in markets like Pakistan, India, China, Brazil and Russia wherepopulation and economic growth shows an uptrend. Further details of the plan are as follows:
Total no. of stores to be opened 100 (20 stores in each country)
Sales per store per annum... GBP 20 million
Operating profit margin. 4.5%
Fixed Capital Investment per store GBP 4 million
Plan C:Another major factor that is affecting Sainsbury is its low profitability that results in relativelylow profit margins and low return on investments. I suggest Sainsbury launch new products that are
big ticket and high margin items and bring in products that cater to the needs of other communities inUK. Further details of the plan are as follows:
Increase in sales per annum... GBP 2 million
Operating profit margin 10.5%
Fixed Capital Investment GBP 0.5 million
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ii. Investment Appraisal
Plan A:NPV @ 10.0% p.a.APPRAISAL DATE: 31-Dec-06
OPTION NUMBER & TITLE: Plan A - Opening 1,500 Convenient Stores in UK
GBP Mil
CAPITAL COSTS Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 TOTA
Plan A 2,250- 2,2-
A. Total Capital Costs (Annual) 2,250- - - - - - - - - - - 2,2-
CURRENT COSTS Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 TOTA
Plan A 10,856- 10,856- 10,856- 10,856- 10,856- 10,856- 10,856- 10,856- 10,856- 10,856- 54,2-
C. Total Revenue Costs (Annual) - 10,856- 10,856- 10,856- 10,856- 10,856- 10,856- 10,856- 10,856- 10,856- 10,856- 108,5-
INCOME Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 TOTA
Plan A 11,250 11,250 11,250 11,250 11,250 11,250 11,250 11,250 11,250 11,250 56,2
G. Total Income - 11,250 11,250 11,250 11,250 11,250 11,250 11,250 11,250 11,250 11,250 112,5
NPV CALCULATION Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 TOTA
Net Undiscounted Cash Flow 2,250- 394 394 394 394 394 394 394 394 394 394 2-
DISCOUNT FACTOR @ 10% p.a. 1.000 0.909 0.826 0.751 0.683 0.621 0.564 0.513 0.467 0.424 0.386
ANNUAL NET PRESENT VALUE 2,250- 358 325 296 269 244 222 202 184 167 152 7-
TOTAL NET PRESENT VALUE = 169
Plan B:NPV @ 10.0% p.a.
APPRAISAL DATE: 31-Dec-06
OPTION NUMBER & TITLE: Plan B - Opening 100 New Stores in China, India, Pakistan, Brazil and Russia
GBP Mill
CAPITAL COSTS Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 TOTA
Plan B 400- 4-
A. Total Capital Costs (Annual) 400- - - - - - - - - - - 4-
CURRENT COSTS Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 TOTA
Plan B 1,910- 1,910- 1,910- 1,910- 1,910- 1,910- 1,910- 1,910- 1,910- 1,910- 9,5-
C. Total Revenue Costs (Annual) - 1,910- 1,910- 1,910- 1,910- 1,910- 1,910- 1,910- 1,910- 1,910- 1,910- 19,1-
INCOME Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 TOTA
Plan B 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 10,0
G. Total Income - 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 20,0
NPV CALCULATION Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 TOTA
Net Undiscounted Cash Flow 400- 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90
DISCOUNT FACTOR @ 10% p.a. 1.000 0.909 0.826 0.751 0.683 0.621 0.564 0.513 0.467 0.424 0.386
ANNUAL NET PRESENT VALUE 400- 82 74 68 61 56 51 46 42 38 35 -
TOTAL NET PRESENT VALUE = 153
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Plan C:NPV @ 10.0% p.a.
APPRAISAL DATE: 31-Dec-06
OPTION NUMBER & TITLE: Plan C - Launching Big Ticket and High Margin Items
GBP Mill
CAPITAL COSTS Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 TOTA
Plan C 1- -
-
-
A. Total Capital Costs (Annual) 1- - - - - - - - - - - -
CURRENT COSTS Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 TOTA
Plan C 2- 2- 2- 2- 2- 2- 2- 2- 2- 2- -
-
-
C. Total Revenue Costs (Annual) - 2- 2- 2- 2- 2- 2- 2- 2- 2- 2- -
INCOME Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 TOTA
Plan C 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 -
-
G. Total Income - 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
NPV CALCULATION Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 TOTA
Net Undiscounted Cash Flow 1- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
DISCOUNT FACTOR @ 10% p.a. 1.000 0.909 0.826 0.751 0.683 0.621 0.564 0.513 0.467 0.424 0.386
ANNUAL NET PRESENT VALUE 1- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
TOTAL NET PRESENT VALUE = 1
6. SOURCES OF FINANCE AND THE COST OF CAPITAL
i. Sainsburys Investment Funding Plan and Revised Capital Structure
Total investment required to implement Plans A, B and C is GBP 2,650.5 million. Since 40% is to befinanced with debt and rest with equity, I dont suggest change in capital structure of Sainsbury as Ibelieve target debt ratio of 40% is in line with financial flexibility and risk appetite of Sainsbury.
7. RISK ASSESSMENT
i. Identified Risks and Impact onSainsburys Cost of Capital
With high growth comes risk. Since Sainsbury is investing in emerging markets, it is exposed to more risks thanpreviously. Specifically, it will be exposed to political risk, credit risk, event risk, exchange rate risk and legalrisk. The impact of such risks on Sainsbury would be an increase of its equity beta among investors andconsequently a rise in cost of capital to compensate for additional risks.