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Transcript of Porous air bearing techniques for contactless handling ... air bearing techniques for contactless...
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Porous air bearing techniques for contactless handling, flattening and stabilization of webs
Teunis van Dam – IBS Precision Engineering
www.ibspe.com
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Content
1. Why contactless web handling for flexible electronics 2. Porous air bearing technology introduction 3. Experiments and results:
1. Air turn for contactless web transport 2. Air table for contactless web support and stabilization
4. Application examples 5. Outlook
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Why contactless web handling Reasons for developing contactless web handling solutions: • Clean, damage free R2R production critical for yield and lifetime of
flexible electronic devices • Web handling equipment major source of particles & scratches,
contact with foil (especially front side) should be avoided
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Porous air bearing technology Background: • Air bearing technology first
published in 1828 • Widely used in precision
machines, e.g. in semiconductor industry
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Working principle: • Pressurized air layer between
two surfaces for contactless support and motion
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Advantage porous air bearing vs. orifice air bearing • More uniform pressure distribution • Enhanced stiffness, stability and load capacity
Porous air bearing technology
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Single orifice Multiple orifices and grooves
Porous material
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Experiments and results: air turn Air turn: cylindrical porous air bearing • Up to 360° cylindrical air bearing surface • Can be used to replace idler rollers in R2R processes
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Experiments and results: air turn Measurement setup • Closed loop foil between two air turns • One of the air turns used as preload to generate web tension • Foil height above air bearing surface measured by capacitive
displacement sensor
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Experiments and results: air turn
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Measurement results: fly height above cylindrical surface • Fly height 50-150 μm depending on settings • No contact between foil and air turn • Wrinkle is flattened above air turn surface
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Experiments and results: air turn
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Measurement results: fly height vs. web tension • Fly height decreases to asymptotical value • Stiff and stable air layer
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Experiments and results: air table Air table: flat porous air bearing containing vacuum grooves • Air bearing supports substrate • Vacuum grooves pull substrate towards air
bearing surface for higher stability • Current application: flat panel industry • New application: flexible substrates
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Experiments and results: air table Measurement setup - Stationary foil supported by air table - Foil height above air bearing surface measured by displacement
sensor
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Experiments and results: air table Measurement results: single position • Stable fly height when bearing pressure and vacuum are both on
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Experiments and results: air table Measurement results: flatness over length of foil • < 5 µm flatness over 55 mm length at optimal settings
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Bearing pressure 2 bar, vacuum pressure varied
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Experiments and results: air table Measurement results: flatness over width of foil • < 15 µm flatness over 200 mm width (< 5 μm over 20 mm) at optimal
settings • Without air table support this was > 75 μm
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Bearing pressure 2 bar, vacuum pressure varied
Foil edges
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Experiments and results: air table Measurement results: stability of moving web over an air table • Without air table, 250 μm foil vibrations (peak to peak) @ 1 m/min • With air table this was reduced to 9 μm (peak to peak) • No significant difference between 1 m/min and 5 m/min web velocity
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Experiments and results: contamination
• Experiments are done to verify the contactless web handling equipment is really clean (no particle increase on supported foil)
• Initial tests show no statistically significant increase, additional tests needed for quantitative analysis
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Experiments and results: conclusion
• Air turn allows contactless web transportation on 50-150 μm air film • Air table generates very flat web without making contact:
– < 5 μm over 55 mm web length and 20 mm width – < 15 μm over 250 mm width
• Air table generates very stable web: < 9 μm vibrations at 5 m/min
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Applications Air turn: • No contact, therefore useful if foil damage and contamination is critical
(e.g. if sensitive coated side of foil needs to be supported) • No contact friction, therefore 90° change of web path direction allowed • No inertia, therefore better web control when accelerating/decelerating
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Applications Air table: • Excellent web flatness and stability allows in-line (optical) inspection • Web support in R2R drying ovens, where the web should be horizontal
and stable for drying quality
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Outlook • More testing in full-scale R2R production lines for better understanding
of possible advantages of contactless web handling • Support of paper webs • Specific areas for further development:
– Investigate wrinkling behavior – Web support in high temperature environments (R2R ovens)
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Acknowledgement • The research leading to these results has received funding from the
European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n° 281027
• Air table stability tests were done in cooperation with Eight19 Ltd, Cambridge, UK
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IBS Precision Engineering bv, Esp 201, 5633 AD Eindhoven, The Netherlands
Tel : + 31 40 290 1270
www.ibspe.com