PoriferaPorifera

Aldi Aditya Putra (01)Tiara Rianita Dearifin (30)

Zahra Septi Cahyaning Pertiwi (31)

Characteristics of Porifera• The body doesn’t actively move and is

attached to some objects (sessile)• Has high regeneration ability• Has no organ, nervous system, or mouth• Has a distinct larval stage which is planktonic.• Multicellular organism, few tissues

Structure of Porifera

• Amebocytes : delivering food• Scleroblast : produces spicules which has a

role as skeleton• Pinacocytes : the outer layer• Porocytes : tubular cells which make up the

pores• Myocytes : open and close the porocytes• Choanocytes : for intracellular food disgesting

Structure of Porifera

Classification of Porifera

a. By The Type of Water Canal :1) Ascon type2) Sycon type3) Leucon or Ragon type

b. By The Component of a Sponge System: 1) Calcarea2) Hexactinellida3) Desmospongiae

Ascon Type

• This is the simplest system of porifera water canal. The canals run straight through the sponge body.

Sycon Type

• The canals are branched and prevent the water to flow straight through into the spongocoel.

Leucon Type

• The canal system is more complicated with the canals are being longer and more branched.

Calcarea• Characters:• All are marine, single in live in colony.• Endoskeleton is composed of spicules made of

calcium carbonate.• Choanocyte cells are large.• Osculum small surrounded by spicules.• Live in shallow salt water• Example : Leucosolonia, Chlatharina

Hexactinellida

• Characters:• Flower-vase like body.• Spicules are composed of silica.• Choanocytes are restricted to flagellated

chamber.• Water canal ascon type• Example : Euplectella, Pheronema, Hyalonema

Demospongiae

• Characters:• Endoskeleton may be formed by siliceous

spicules or sponging fibres or both.• Choanaocytes are restricted to spherical

chambers.• Live in deep ocean• Water canal Leucon type• Example : Euspongia, Spongilla

Reproduction of Porifera

• Sexual Reproduction• Asexual Reproduction

Sexually

• Most sponges are hermaphroditic, the same individual producing eggs and sperm, but in some species the sexes are separate. The larvae are flagellated and swim about freely for a short time. After settling and attaching to a suitable substrate, the larvae develop into young sponges.

Asexually

• The buds may remain attached to the parent or separate from it, and each bud develops into a new individual. Freshwater sponges, as well as several marine species, form resistant structures called gemmules that can withstand adverse conditions such as drying or cold and later develop into new individuals.

Examples of Porifera

• Leucosolenia• Scypha or sycon• Euplectella• Euspongia• Spongilla

Leucosolenia• It is a type of calcareous sponges.• It is simplest sponge.

Species of this type usually show as groups of curved vases, up to 2 cm long, each ending in an osculum.

• It is looked like as tiny bunch of bananas.

Scypha or Sycon

• It’s a type of marine sponges of the class Calcarea.

• It is look like as a finger shape.• This type of species can grow about 2 or 3 cm

in length.

Euplectella:• It is also known as Venus flower

basket.• They breed, and when their children

are tiny. Their children escape to find a Venus Flower Basket of their own.

• Venus flower basket is a highly prized in Japan as a symbol of everlasting love.

Roles of Porifera

• The skeleton of porifera has economic value as cleaner tools (polisher)

• Euspongia usually used to wash• Sponges produces bioactive compounds that

is potential as material of medicine. Example : Luffariella variabilis produces bastadin, ocadaic acid and monoalid which have high economic value.