Population-Revision

27/09/2010

What is the difference between Population distributionand Population density?

• Distribution describes where the people are in the World.

• Density describes how many people are in a particular area (km2).

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What factors effect population distribution

and density?

UK Popn

Population per km2

over 150

10-150

Under 10

UK popn + relief

Factorsaffecting

populationdistribution

Climate

Relief

Soil

ResourcesCommunicati

ons

Technological Development

Economic Activities

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World Population Density

GlossaryPopulation

distribution

Population density

Environmental factors

Physical factors

Human factors

Positive factors

Negative factors

Pattern of where people live

How many people per km2

Changeable/natural things about the place (climate, soils etc)

Unchangeable things about the landscape

Features influenced by humans

These attract people

These are avoided by people

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Population Statistics

Important statistics

Birth Rate

Death Rate

Natural Increase

Life Expectanc

y

Infant Mortality

Rate

Birth Rate by Country (per 1000 population)

Death Rate by Country (per 1000 population)

Infant mortality rate (per 1000 babies)

Good Place to liveBad

Central ScotlandAntarctica

SaharaHimalayasAmazon

Rockie MountainsJapan

ShetlandLondon

CairngormsIraq

Clips from BBC

• http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/uk-population-distribution/7329.html

• http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/where-in-the-world-do-people-live/532.html

The Demographic Transition Model

The Demographic Transition Model

• This is a model devised to show and explain changes in the population pattern over time.

• There are 5 stages in the model:– High Stationary– Early expanding– Late expanding– Low stationary– Declining.

Demographic Transition Model

BBC clips

• Changes in mortality rates

• The outbreak of Cholera in Manchester

• A government information film from 1946 illustrating the progress being made in improving public health.

World Population Increase

Recap.

1. Name 2 physical factors that effect population distribution.

2. Name a country that is very densely populated.

3. What is the definition of birth rate?

4. What is the definition of death rate?

5. Birth rate – death rate = ?

Recap Answers.

1. Relief, climate, water supply, etc.

2. India, China.

3. The number of births in a country in a year, per 1000 people.

4. The number of deaths in a country in a year, per 1000 people.

5. Birth rate – death rate = Natural increase

World population Increase

BBC Clips

• World population increase?

• Germany population decrease

Population Pyramids

Differences between ELDCs and EMDCs

• ELDCs: Economically Less Developed Countries.

• EMDCs: Economically More Developed Countries.

ELDC’s

and

EMDC’s

Why the difference in population?

Paired work: statement sort

• The statements you have been given need to be sorted out in to categories.

• Your categories are:– Changes in a Developed population.– Changes in a Developing population.1. Write these two headings, one on each sheet

of A4 paper.2. Cut out and put the statements under the

correct heading.3. Once you have checked your answers stick

them in place.

Implications of falling birth rates in Developed countries.

• Fewer young people reduces the size of the available work force.

• More older people need to be cared for due to increased life expectancy.

• Increasing need for medical care and care homes for elderly people.

• Taxes on the working population need to increase.

• The retirement age is increased• Government money is diverted from other

areas of the economy.

Implications of rising birth rates and falling death rates in Developing

Countries.• Overpopulation.• Not enough food to meet the demands of

a growing population.• Inadequate housing for the population,

particularly in cities and towns.• Slums and shanty towns are common.• These areas often lack basic facilities like

clean water and electricity.• High unemployment rates, widespread

poverty, lack of government aid.• Lack of health care and education.• Increased migration.

Solutions

• EMDC soultions.– More paternity leave to encourage

couples to have more children– Raise retirement age, reduce pensions.– Encourage people to take out private

pension schemes.– Encourage more women to work.– Allow in more immigrants.

Solutions

• ELDC soultions.– Laws limiting family size e.g. one-child

policy in China.– More information given out about family

planning and contraception.– Better education.– More opportunities for abortions– Incentives for people with smaller

families.

Migration

What is migration?

• Migration = The movement of people from one place to another.

Migration

• Migration has always happened.• Increased migration between

countries due to cheaper transport.

• How Victorian industrialisation drew large numbers of people away from working the land, into working in towns and factories.

Types of Migration

• Voluntary migration: where people move of there own free will.

• Forced migration: where people have no choice they must move.

• Permanent migration: people move forever, find a new place to live.

• Temporary migration: there is always intentions to come home again (not forever).

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Push and Pull factors

Push factors: pushing people away from an area.

Pull factors: pulling people towards an area.

Task:Sort the following into push and pull factors:

a. Lack of jobsb. Access to health servicesc. No schoolsd. No access to clean watere. Housingf. Bright lights / entertainment

BBC clips

• Push and Pull factors

• Why do people leave the countryside?

Population Census

COUNTING THE POPULATION

You should be able to:You should be able to:– Describe methods of acquiring data.Describe methods of acquiring data.– Explain why it is important to collect Explain why it is important to collect

information about populations.information about populations.– Give examples of difficulties faced by Give examples of difficulties faced by

those in charge of conducting the those in charge of conducting the census.census.

WHAT IS A CENSUS?

Carried out every 10 yearsCarried out every 10 years

AprilApril

One form per householdOne form per household

Legal obligation to completeLegal obligation to complete

Range of questionsRange of questions

Government usually puts a lot of Government usually puts a lot of money into publicity to encourage money into publicity to encourage people to complete and return ASAPpeople to complete and return ASAP

COUNT ME IN – CENSUS 2001

What would you like to find out in a What would you like to find out in a Census?Census?

– AgeAge– SexSex– ReligionReligion– OccupationOccupation– Number of children, etc.Number of children, etc.

Why do we collect this data Why do we collect this data and how is it used?and how is it used?

SCOTTISH CENSUS

What it looks like

CENSUS PUBLICITY

COUNT ME IN – CENSUS 2001

UK Population 58,789,194UK Population 58,789,194– Scotland = 5,062,011Scotland = 5,062,011

Scotland’s population has dropped Scotland’s population has dropped by 2% over the last 20 yearsby 2% over the last 20 years

11stst time ever – more over 60s than time ever – more over 60s than under 16sunder 16s

DIFFICULTIES COLLECTING CENSUS DATA

Expensive processExpensive process

Nomadic people hard to track downNomadic people hard to track down

Illegal immigrantsIllegal immigrants

Social and religious reasons for inaccurate Social and religious reasons for inaccurate responsesresponses

People may be untruthful – UK Poll Tax, China People may be untruthful – UK Poll Tax, China One Child Policy etc.One Child Policy etc.

DIFFICULTIES COLLECTING CENSUS DATA

Illiteracy – unable to fill in paperworkIlliteracy – unable to fill in paperwork

Many languages in some ELDCs – complicated Many languages in some ELDCs – complicated and adds to expenseand adds to expense

Internal migration – hard to keep tabs on peopleInternal migration – hard to keep tabs on people

Poor internal communication structuresPoor internal communication structures

Difficult terraine, war, distrust of officialDifficult terraine, war, distrust of official