POPULATION PYRAMIDS

ObjectivesWHAT is a population pyramid?HOW to read a population pyramid?Recognise SHAPES of population pyramids. IMPORTANCE of population pyramids.

What is a population pyramid?It is a diagram that gives information about the proportion of males and females in each age group.Also shows:- proportion of young people (0 -14 )- proportion of working people (15 59)- proportion of elderly people (60+)Each age-group designation is called a COHORT

What is a population pyramid?Vertical Axis - Age GroupsHorizontal Axis Percentage / numberYoung dependentsWorking populationElderly dependents

How to read a population pyramid?Read the title e.g. country or city or racial groupComment on general shape of the pyramidNote the proportion of people in various age groups (cohorts)Note the sex ratioInterpret the data

Types of Population Pyramid1. Triangular-shaped2. Beehive-shaped Pyramid3. Rectangular-shaped Pyramid Shape of pyramids is controlled byBirths (but mostly CBR!)deaths, &migrations.

Triangular-shaped Pyramid(Broad-based Pyramid)

Broad-based PyramidTitle: India, 2000Shape: Broad Base - high birth rates Narrow Top - small elderly pop - high death rateProportion: - Large proportion of young - high young dependency ratioSex Ratio: Balance pyramid - Balance sex ratio

STOPWhere is India on the Demographic Transition Model?

Indonesia2000Malaysia2000

Beehive-shaped Pyramid

Beehive-shaped PyramidTitle: Singapore, 2000Shape: Rocket-shaped / Narrow Base Low Birth Rates, Slow pop growthProportion: Large proportion of working population, 15-59 yr old - large group of economically active popSex Ratio: Balanced pyramid

Hong Kong2000Taiwan2000

STOPWhere are Beehive shaped pyramids on the Demographic Transition Model?

Rectangular-shaped Pyramid

Rectangular PyramidTitle: Netherlands, 2000Shape: Rectangular-shaped - Zero Pop Growth Narrow Base - Low Birth Rates - Life-expectancy is high e.g. 80+ - Low death ratesProportion: Bars of equal length - Balance ProportionSex Ratio: Balance pyramid - Balance Sex Ratio

UK 2000Netherlands2000

STOPWhere are Rectangular Based Pyramids on the Demographic Transition Model?

Population Structure and CompositionPopulation pyramidsshow age and gender groups. How do MDCs and LDCs differ?

1.) Sex Ratio: # of males per 100 females. In general slightly more males born, but women outlive menEur and NA 95 males: 100 femalesWorld wide 102 males: 100 females

Pop Structure and Composition contd.2.) Age DistributionDependency Ratio: # of people too old or young to work, compared to # of people in productive yrs.% of pop under 15 = % over 65 divided by % in between 15-65 multiplied by 100Tells you how many dependents for every 100 workersStage 2 countries: ratio is 1:1 (1 worker for every dependent) Dependents are youngStage 4 countries ratio is 2:1 (2 workers for every dependent) Dependents are young and old

Age Distribution contdGraying of the pop in MDCs more than of all govnt expenditures in US, Canada, Japan, and W. Eur goes to Social Security, health care, and other programs for the elderly

Baby Boomer Cohort in US (born 1946-1964)what does this mean for you?

Generation X = 1965-1980

What do you see? Why?

Population Pyramids in Transition

Each pyramid tells a story about the past, present & future of a country & its people.

Importance of Population PyramidsPolicy Planning ~ future housing estates~ future schools~ future jobsComparison with other countries~ developed (US) vs developing (India)