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Population Health for Health Professionals
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Transcript of Population Health for Health Professionals
Population HealthPopulation Healthforfor
Health ProfessionalsHealth Professionals
Module 1Module 1
The Perspective
of Public Health
Module I PurposeModule I Purpose
Present the public health perspective on health and illness at community level
Introduce basic vocabulary of public health
Establish framework for understanding specific skills and practices of public health in later modules
OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES
Describe mission, responsibilities and core functions of public health systems
Identify essential servicesList key infrastructure componentsIdentify important historical figuresDescribe future trends
Part 1Part 1
The History
Of
Public Health
Definition of HealthDefinition of Health
The state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity WHO, 1947
Definition of Public Health Definition of Public Health
Activities that society undertakes to assure the conditions in which people can be healthy, including organized community efforts to prevent, identify and counter threats to the health of the public.
Public Health System ActivitiesPublic Health System Activities
Health promotion
Disease prevention
Prevention TrianglesPrevention Triangles
Population Oriented Prevention
Clinical Preventive Services
Primary Medical Care
SecondaryMedical Care
TertiaryMedical CareTertiary
Prevention
SecondaryPrevention
PrimaryPrevention
Ethical ValuesEthical Valuesof Public Healthof Public Health
Beneficence Non-malfeasance Autonomy Social justice Truth-telling
Balancing Ethical ConflictsBalancing Ethical Conflicts
Public health practice is always struggling to find the correct balance between respect for individual autonomy and decision-making and the need for limitations on individuals in order to achieve social justice.
Key EventsKey Eventsin thein the
History of Public Health History of Public Health
Key EventsKey EventsDid you know that . . .Did you know that . . .
South Carolina had the first provincial health officer in America, in 1712?
South Carolina had its first water protection regulations in 1671?
Key EventsKey EventsSnow and CholeraSnow and Cholera
Epidemiology: mapping cases of cholera and household use of water sources revealed pattern involving a single water pump
Removing the handle from the Broad Street pump ended the epidemic
Death Rates From Cholera Death Rates From Cholera 1853-54 1853-54
WaterCompany
Population(1851)
Cholera Deaths(1853-4)
Deaths per100,000 Living
Southwark &Vauxhall
167,654 192 114
BothCompanies
301,149 182 60
Lambeth 14,632 0 0
WaterCompany
Number ofHouses
Deaths FromCholera
Deaths per10,000 Houses
Southwark& Vauxhall
40,046 1263 315
Lambeth 26,107 98 37Rest ofLondon
256,423 1422 59
Did you know that . . .Did you know that . . .
In an 1881 report the SC Board of Health identified swamp drainage as an important tool in stopping malaria, 10 years before the mosquito was identified as the specific vector of the disease?
Massachusetts and the Massachusetts and the Shattuck ReportShattuck Report
Massachusetts and the Shattuck Report1850 review of sanitation practices and the
potential for improving health status by enforcement of a sanitary code led to creation of local board of health in Massachusetts. This movement spread to other localities.
SC State Board of HealthEstablished in 1898.
US Public Health ServiceUS Public Health Service
Marine Hospital ServiceCreated from concern for protection
against imported infectious diseases and need to care for sick seamen
US Public Health ServiceUniformed service on call for local, national
or international service in the protection of the public’s health
The MuckrakersThe Muckrakersand New Agencies and New Agencies
Food and Drug Administration created to administer Pure Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act
Superfund administered by the Environmental Protection Agency
U.S. Department of Agriculture Occupational Safety & Health Act
Great Public Health Great Public Health Achievements of This CenturyAchievements of This Century
Vaccination Motor vehicle safety Safer workplaces Control of infectious
diseases Decline in deaths
from coronary heart disease and stroke
Safer, healthier food Healthier mothers
and babies Family planning Flouridation of
drinking water Recognition of
tobacco as a hazard
Discussion TimeDiscussion Time
What has been your personal awareness of public health?
Have you ever visited a public health program? Used a public health service?
What are current public health issues in your community?
Summary of Module 1, Part 1Summary of Module 1, Part 1
Public Health: Services were developed to address the
health needs of communities. Has developed a world view of health. Focuses on populations rather than
individuals.
Module AuthorModule Author
Kristine M. Gebbie, DrPH, RN
Columbia University School of Nursing
Center for Health Policy