Population Genetics

The Study of how Populations change over time

Smallest Unit of Evolution

Gene Pools and Allele Frequencies

Hardy-Weinberg Theorem

Hardy-Weinberg Theorem

p = frequency of the dominant alleleq = frequency of the recessive allele

p2 = frequency of the homozygous dominant individual q2 = frequency of the homozygous recessive individual2pq = frequency of the heterozygotes

Assumptions

Large Population

No gene flow

No net mutations

No natural selection

Random Mating

5 Causes of Evolution

5 Causes of Evolution

Mutations

5 Causes of Evolution

Gene Flow

5 Causes of Evolution

Non Random Mating

5 Causes of Evolution

Small Population Size - Genetic DriftBottleneck Effect

Founder’s Effect

5 Causes of Evolution

Natural Selection

Sexual Selection

Sexual Selection

No Perfect Organism

Evolution is limited by historical constraints

Adapations are often compromises

Chance and natural selection interact

Selection can only edit existing variations