PopulationPopulation

Eduardo RiosEduardo Rios

Rackeen CollinsRackeen Collins

Martha JusteMartha Juste

Although controversial, this topic serves Although controversial, this topic serves as somewhat importance for people as somewhat importance for people

living in America. It’s vitally important living in America. It’s vitally important for everyone to know how much weight for everyone to know how much weight each individual has to contribute to our each individual has to contribute to our

society. society.

What is Population?What is Population?

There are various ways of There are various ways of describing a populationdescribing a population

Can be a group of individualsCan be a group of individuals

GenderGender

Ethnicity Ethnicity

EnvironmentsEnvironments LocationLocation

Type of housingType of housing

Outlining PopulationOutlining Population

Balance beam of jobs to peopleBalance beam of jobs to people

““Social Structure”Social Structure”

Immigration laws in effectImmigration laws in effect

Scientific MethodScientific Method

RESEARCH QUESTION:As America changes RESEARCH QUESTION:As America changes with influences from other countries, with influences from other countries, America is now one of, if not the most America is now one of, if not the most diverse country in the world. Now as the diverse country in the world. Now as the population increases with immigrants, is population increases with immigrants, is the increase in population affecting the the increase in population affecting the country positively or negatively, as far as country positively or negatively, as far as crime rates, employment, and the crime rates, employment, and the economy?economy?

If the United States’ population If the United States’ population increase with immigrants, then the increase with immigrants, then the crime rate, employment and the crime rate, employment and the economy will increase. economy will increase.

We started collecting supporting information to help lead us We started collecting supporting information to help lead us to a conclusion, is the increase of population which is related to a conclusion, is the increase of population which is related to immigration affecting the country positively or negatively. to immigration affecting the country positively or negatively. We went to countless creditable agencies like the We went to countless creditable agencies like the NATIONAL BEREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCHNATIONAL BEREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH, , US US Bureau of Justice Statistics Bureau of Justice Statistics website,website, and whitehouse.gov.and whitehouse.gov. We’ve also seen a TV documentary “THE HISTORY ON We’ve also seen a TV documentary “THE HISTORY ON ORGANIZED CRIME” to get more detailed information. The ORGANIZED CRIME” to get more detailed information. The mini-series is divided into five chapters: Sicily, Russia, mini-series is divided into five chapters: Sicily, Russia, Colombia, China and India. It delves into the history and Colombia, China and India. It delves into the history and origins of how organized crime started and how it flourished origins of how organized crime started and how it flourished in America and how it continues to affect society today.in America and how it continues to affect society today.

VARIABLE I.VARIABLE I.CRIME RATECRIME RATE

VARIABLE IIVARIABLE IIEMPLOYMENTEMPLOYMENT

VARIABLE IIIVARIABLE IIIECONOMYECONOMY

VARIABLE IVVARIABLE IVPOPULATION/ SOCIAL STRATAPOPULATION/ SOCIAL STRATA

Social StrataSocial Strata

Social Strata is a social class we are Social Strata is a social class we are categorized incategorized in..

Social Strata:Social Strata:• Upper classUpper class• Middle classMiddle class• Lower class Lower class

Climbing up the Social LadderClimbing up the Social Ladder

Household Income, 1990 (1989 Income) Household Income, 1990 (1989 Income)

Percent of TotalPercent of Total

NumberNumber HouseholdsHouseholds

Total Total

HousehoHouseho

ldslds 91,993,58291,993,582 100.00%100.00%

Less than Less than

$9,999 $9,999 14,214,49714,214,497 15.45%15.45%

$10,000 $10,000

- -

$14,999$14,999 8,133,2738,133,273 8.84%8.84%

$15,000 $15,000

- -

$24,999$24,999 16,123,74216,123,742 17.53%17.53%

$25,000 $25,000

- -

$34,999$34,999 14,575,12514,575,125 15.84%15.84%

$35,000 $35,000

- -

$49,999$49,999 16,428,45516,428,455 17.86%17.86%

$50,000 $50,000

- -

$74,999$74,999 13,777,88313,777,883 14.98%14.98%

$75,000 $75,000

- -

$99,999$99,999 4,704,8084,704,808 5.11%5.11%

$100,000 $100,000

- -

$149,999$149,999 2,593,7682,593,768 2.82%2.82%

$150,000 $150,000

and and

aboveabove 1,442,0311,442,031 1.57%1.57%

Household Income, 2000 (1999 Income) Household Income, 2000 (1999 Income)

Percent of TotalPercent of Total

NumberNumber HouseholdsHouseholds

Total Total

HousehHouseh

oldsolds 105,539,122105,539,122 100.00%100.00%

Less than Less than

$9,999 $9,999 10,067,02710,067,027 9.54%9.54%

$10,000 - $10,000 -

$14,999$14,999 6,657,2286,657,228 6.31%6.31%

$15,000 - $15,000 -

$24,999$24,999 13,536,96513,536,965 12.83%12.83%

$25,000 - $25,000 -

$34,999$34,999 13,519,24213,519,242 12.81%12.81%

$35,000 - $35,000 -

$49,999$49,999 17,446,27217,446,272 16.53%16.53%

$50,000 - $50,000 -

$74,999$74,999 20,540,60420,540,604 19.46%19.46%

$75,000 - $75,000 -

$99,999$99,999 10,799,24510,799,245 10.23%10.23%

$100,000 $100,000

- -

$149,999$149,999 8,147,8268,147,826 7.72%7.72%

$150,000 $150,000

- -

$199,999$199,999 2,322,0382,322,038 2.20%2.20%

$200,000 $200,000

and and

aboveabove 2,502,6752,502,675 2.37%2.37%

Miami-Dade County was Miami-Dade County was home to home to 2,376,014 2,376,014 persons in 2005. Of persons in 2005. Of these residents, roughly these residents, roughly one-quarter were one-quarter were children (people under children (people under 18) and 1 in 7 were 18) and 1 in 7 were seniors (65 years and seniors (65 years and older); while females older); while females outnumbered males by outnumbered males by

3.7 percent.3.7 percent.

Hispanic Population and Race Distribution for Non-Hispanic Population Hispanic Population and Race Distribution for Non-Hispanic Population

19801980 19901990 20002000

NumberNumber PercentPercent NumberNumber PercentPercent NumberNumber PercentPercent

Total Total

PopulationPopulation226,545,80226,545,80

55 100.00%100.00%248,709,87248,709,87

33 100.00%100.00%281,421,90281,421,90

66 100.00%100.00%

Total HispanicsTotal Hispanics 14,608,67314,608,673 6.45%6.45% 22,354,05922,354,059 8.99%8.99% 35,305,81835,305,818 12.55%12.55%

White*White*180,256,10180,256,10

33 79.57%79.57%188,128,29188,128,29

66 75.64%75.64%194,552,77194,552,77

44 69.13%69.13%

Black*Black* 26,104,28526,104,285 11.52%11.52% 29,216,29329,216,293 11.75%11.75% 33,947,83733,947,837 12.06%12.06%

American American

Indian and Indian and

Eskimo*Eskimo* 1,417,1101,417,110 0.63%0.63% 1,793,7731,793,773 0.72%0.72% 2,068,8832,068,883 0.74%0.74%

Asian*Asian* 3,489,8353,489,835 1.54%1.54% 6,968,3596,968,359 2.80%2.80% 10,123,16910,123,169 3.60%3.60%

Hawaiian and Hawaiian and

Pacific Pacific

Islander*Islander* -- -- -- -- 353,509353,509 0.13%0.13%

Other*Other* 669,799669,799 0.30%0.30% 249,093249,093 0.10%0.10% 467,770467,770 0.17%0.17%

Two or More Two or More

Races*Races* -- -- -- -- 4,602,1464,602,146 1.64%1.64%

WorkforceWorkforce In July we went down to 6% from 6.3% in In July we went down to 6% from 6.3% in

the unemployment ratethe unemployment rate ‘‘The unemployment picture is hurt, not by The unemployment picture is hurt, not by

the lack of jobs but from the growing pool the lack of jobs but from the growing pool of people”, Frank Nero.of people”, Frank Nero.

For example: If there is 15,000 jobs For example: If there is 15,000 jobs openings there will be an unbalance beam openings there will be an unbalance beam of 25,000 people searching for themof 25,000 people searching for them

Immigration Laws Immigration Laws

INA (Immigration and Nationality Act)INA (Immigration and Nationality Act)• This can include homeland security This can include homeland security

which states that even though you have which states that even though you have no record, as long as you show proof no record, as long as you show proof you were born before a certain date you were born before a certain date then you are hereby a legal resident.then you are hereby a legal resident.

IRCA (Immigration Reform and Control Act)IRCA (Immigration Reform and Control Act)• Aliens who have been unlawfully living residing Aliens who have been unlawfully living residing

in the U.S before January 1, 1982 and were in the U.S before January 1, 1982 and were legalized through the INA then you are able to legalized through the INA then you are able to continue living here as a residentcontinue living here as a resident

• Aliens employed in an agricultural work for Aliens employed in an agricultural work for minimum of 90dys prior to May of 1986 and minimum of 90dys prior to May of 1986 and legalized under the INA then you can continue legalized under the INA then you can continue to live here as a resident.to live here as a resident.

Cutting into Miami-Dade Cutting into Miami-Dade

To put all this together we can To put all this together we can conclude that because of these laws conclude that because of these laws we now have 4.2% of Haitians living we now have 4.2% of Haitians living in Miami-Dade in 2000, according to in Miami-Dade in 2000, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.the U.S. Census Bureau.

The largest group is the Cubans.The largest group is the Cubans.

Immigration and their lenient laws Immigration and their lenient laws has a great amount influence on our has a great amount influence on our population. We are tied between population. We are tied between finding a right solution to our Cuban finding a right solution to our Cuban and Haitian affairs to basically giving and Haitian affairs to basically giving rights to the people. Such as:rights to the people. Such as:• Wet feet-dry feetWet feet-dry feet• USCIS The New Naturalization TestUSCIS The New Naturalization Test

According to the U.S. Census, in the year 2006 the 300th million American citizen more than likely was a Latino…

Crime has been Crime has been around for ages, around for ages, and in today’s world and in today’s world a lot of crime is a lot of crime is motivated by the motivated by the spread and usage of spread and usage of drugs.drugs.

Many of the Mafia members who came to Many of the Mafia members who came to America in the early 1920s helped establish America in the early 1920s helped establish the La Cosa Nostra or the American Mafia. the La Cosa Nostra or the American Mafia. This is not to say that there isn’t other This is not to say that there isn’t other organized crime in this country. Beyond the organized crime in this country. Beyond the American (Italian) Mafia, the FBI recognizes American (Italian) Mafia, the FBI recognizes Eurasian, Asian and African organized Eurasian, Asian and African organized crime crime groupsgroups active in this country. active in this country.

Because of these immigrant groups, a lot of crime enters the country by way of drugs.

George Borjas, an economist whose work is often George Borjas, an economist whose work is often cited favorably by anti-immigration groups. "The cited favorably by anti-immigration groups. "The empirical evidence indicates that immigrants only empirical evidence indicates that immigrants only have a minor effect on the earnings and have a minor effect on the earnings and employment opportunities of natives." About employment opportunities of natives." About illegal's in particular, he writes, "There is no illegal's in particular, he writes, "There is no evidence . . . that illegal immigration had a evidence . . . that illegal immigration had a significant adverse effect on the earnings significant adverse effect on the earnings opportunities of any native group, including opportunities of any native group, including blacks" (1990, 221, 90).blacks" (1990, 221, 90).

Butcher and Card "tracked wages in 24 major Butcher and Card "tracked wages in 24 major cities during the period from 1979 to 1989" using cities during the period from 1979 to 1989" using micro data from the U.S. Census and Current micro data from the U.S. Census and Current Population Surveys. They conclude, [T]he evidence Population Surveys. They conclude, [T]he evidence we have assembled for the 1980s confirms the we have assembled for the 1980s confirms the conclusions from earlier studies of 1970 and 1980 conclusions from earlier studies of 1970 and 1980 census data. In particular, we find little indication census data. In particular, we find little indication of an adverse wage effect of immigration, either of an adverse wage effect of immigration, either cross-sectionally or within cities over time. Even cross-sectionally or within cities over time. Even for workers at the 10th percentile of the wage for workers at the 10th percentile of the wage distribution, there is no evidence of a significant distribution, there is no evidence of a significant decline in wages in response to immigrant inflows decline in wages in response to immigrant inflows (1991, 296). (1991, 296).

The The NATIONAL BEREAU OF NATIONAL BEREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH says ECONOMIC RESEARCH says "The "The 1980-2000 immigrant influx, 1980-2000 immigrant influx, therefore, generally explains' about therefore, generally explains' about 20 to 60 percent of the decline in 20 to 60 percent of the decline in wages, 25 percent of the decline in wages, 25 percent of the decline in employment. employment.

There is evidence that a rising tide of immigration is partly to There is evidence that a rising tide of immigration is partly to blame. Now, a new NBER study suggests that immigration blame. Now, a new NBER study suggests that immigration has more far-reaching consequences than merely has more far-reaching consequences than merely depressing wages and lowering employment rates: its depressing wages and lowering employment rates: its effects also appear to push some would-be workers into effects also appear to push some would-be workers into crime and, later, into prison. "Remarkably, as far as we crime and, later, into prison. "Remarkably, as far as we know, no study has examined if there is a link between the know, no study has examined if there is a link between the resurgence of large-scale immigration and the employment resurgence of large-scale immigration and the employment in our population," co-authors George Borjas, Jeffrey in our population," co-authors George Borjas, Jeffrey Grogger, and Gordon Hanson Grogger, and Gordon Hanson

At the end of our experiment, our hypothesis is neither right At the end of our experiment, our hypothesis is neither right or wrong. Who can really say that they or their past or wrong. Who can really say that they or their past generations are 100 % American? Thus for, all the data that generations are 100 % American? Thus for, all the data that bureaus provide with the information we supplied ourselves bureaus provide with the information we supplied ourselves will not really reflect the truth about immigration which is will not really reflect the truth about immigration which is apart of the increase in population, affects crime rates, apart of the increase in population, affects crime rates, employment and the economy in a positive or negative employment and the economy in a positive or negative manner… we are all IMMIGRANTS! What we can conclude is manner… we are all IMMIGRANTS! What we can conclude is that population is increasing day by day. For the most part that population is increasing day by day. For the most part having lenient or stricter laws for immigrants will just prove having lenient or stricter laws for immigrants will just prove that we are still a growing population. Our economy grew, that we are still a growing population. Our economy grew, the percentage of employed people dropped and the crime the percentage of employed people dropped and the crime rate is still in affect.rate is still in affect.

http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/14495/brief_history_of_thttp://www.associatedcontent.com/article/14495/brief_history_of_the_mafia_and_organized.htmhe_mafia_and_organized.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_Stateshttp://http://www.afsc.org/miami/statistics.htmwww.afsc.org/miami/statistics.htmhttp://hdr.undp.org/reports/global/2004/http://hdr.undp.org/reports/global/2004/))http://http://desip.igc.org/mapanim.htmldesip.igc.org/mapanim.htmlhttp://www.citymayors.com/statistics/us_cities_population.htmlhttp://www.citymayors.com/statistics/us_cities_population.htmlhttp://www.imdb.com/title/tt0395419/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0395419/http://http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organized_crimeen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organized_crime"The World History of Organized Crime" ("The World History of Organized Crime" (20012001) (mini)TV ) (mini)TV mini-series Director: mini-series Director: Scott AlexanderScott Alexander Genre: Genre: DocumentaryDocumentary http://www.nber.org/digest/may07/w12518.htmlhttp://www.nber.org/digest/may07/w12518.html (EMPLYMENT) (EMPLYMENT)http://stlouisfed.org/publications/re/2006/d/pages/http://stlouisfed.org/publications/re/2006/d/pages/immigration.htmlimmigration.htmlhttp://www.ilw.com/immigdaily/news/2007,0430-crs.pdfhttp://www.ilw.com/immigdaily/news/2007,0430-crs.pdfhttp://www.whitehouse.gov/cea/cea_immigration_062007.htmlhttp://www.whitehouse.gov/cea/cea_immigration_062007.htmlhttp://www.cis.org/articles/2004/back504.htmlhttp://www.cis.org/articles/2004/back504.htmlhttp://www.censusscope.org/us/chart_race.htmlhttp://www.censusscope.org/us/chart_race.html