Population Ecology. Population Dynamics ______________________: all the individuals of a species...
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Transcript of Population Ecology. Population Dynamics ______________________: all the individuals of a species...
Population Ecology
Population Dynamics
______________________: all the individuals of a species that live together in an area
______________________: the statistical study of populations, make predictions about how a population will change
Growth Rate: ________________________________________________
How many individuals are born vs. how many dieBirth rate (b) − death rate (d) = ______________________________
Three Key Features of Populations
1. Size: ____________________________
PRE-REPRODUCTIVE
REPRODUCTIVE
POST-REPRODUCTIVE
Human Population Growth
Three Key Features of Populations
2. Density: measurement of population per unit area or unit volume
_____________________________________________________
1. ______________________- movement of individuals into a population
2. ______________________- movement of individuals out of a population
4 Factors that affect density
3. ____________________________________ Biotic factors in the environment that have an increasing effect as population size increases
Ex. disease competition parasites
4. ____________________________________ Abiotic factors in the environment that affect populations regardless of their density
Ex. temperature storms
habitat destruction drought
4 Factors that affect density
Three Key Features of Populations
3. Dispersion:describes their spacing relative to each other
• _______________
• _______________
• _______________
factors that affect population growth
____________________ any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence of organisms in a specific environment.– EX.- Amount of water, Amount of food,
Temperature– __________________ the maximum population
size that can be supported by the available resources, _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________
Carrying Capacity
N
u
m
b
e
r
Time
2 Life History Patterns
__________________ short life span small body size _________________ have many
young _________________ Ex: cockroaches,
weeds, bacteria
2 Life History Patterns
________________ long life span __________________ reproduce slowly __________________ provides parental
care Ex: humans,
elephants
• __________________________ can be classified into three general types– Type I, Type II, and Type III
I
II
III
50 10001
10
100
1,000
Percentage of maximum life span
Num
ber
of s
urvi
vors
(lo
g sc
ale)
Succession-
• ________________________________________ in which new populations of organisms gradually replace existing ones
Primary succession-
• New bare rock comes from 2 sources: – 1. ___________________________________– 2. ___________________________________
Rock
____________________________
• ________________________________________ – Ex: lichens are the first to colonize
lava rocks
____________________________
• ________________________________________________________________________________
Secondary succession-
• sequence of community changes that takes place when _______________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________
Secondary succession-
A fire levels portions of a forest A farmer plows his field
Pond Succession