Core Concepts 6Geography: Population and Movement

Objectives▪ Students will

demonstrate the following enduring understanding

▪ Population growth can have both short- term and long-term economic and environmental effects on a place.

▪ People choose to settle in areas that meet their basic needs.

▪ Migration takes place when people decide that their needs can be better met in a different location.

Analyze Visuals

Population Growth Today, the world’s

population is around 7 billion. When people first began farming around 12,000 years ago, it was fewer than 10 million.

Since then, better food production and healthcare have caused a population boom.

Measuring Growth

Demographers are scientist who study human populations. They measure the rate at which population is growing. They compare birth rates to death rates.

The birth rate is the number of live births per 1,000 people in a year. The death rate is the

number of deaths per 1,000 people per year.

Causes of Growth

The Industrial Revolution brought many changes to the population growth.

Medical Care Improvements in

food production Living conditions

Effects of Growth Population growth has

positive and negative effects.

▪ For example, a growing population can produce more goods and services.

However a rapid growth can also cause problems. The population can grow faster than the supply of food, water, medicine and other resources.

Population Distribution

Population distribution is the spreading of people over an area of land.

The world’s population is distributed unevenly on Earth’s surface. People try to live in

places that meet their basic needs.

Population density is the number of people per unit of land area.

Migration

For thousands of years, people have migrated to new places.

Migration is the movement of people from one place to another.

Forms of Migration

People often migrate within a country. When you migrate from one place of the country to another place in the country it is known as internal migration.

Moving from one country to another country is known as external migration.

Forms of Migration

When people leave their country, they emigrate, which means to migrate out of a place.

To enter a new country is to immigrate, or to migrate into a place.

Reasons for Migration

People who migrate are often looking for a better life. They may move to escape poverty, a lack of jobs, or a harsh climate. In some countries, war or other conflicts forces people to migrate. These reasons for migration are known as push factors. Push factors are

causes of migration that push people to leave their home country. Other reasons are known as Pull factors. Freedom, supply of jobs are pull factors.

Urbanization

In many parts of the world people are migrating from rural areas to urban areas. Urban areas are

cities. Rural areas are

settlements in the country.

Urbanization is the movement of people from rural areas to urban areas.

Challenges of Urbanization

Rapid urbanization has created challenges for growing cities, especially

those in poor countries. These cities cannot

provide the housing, school, jobs and other services.▪ Resulting in slums, or

poor overcrowded urban areas.

Wealthier countries deal with Suburban sprawl. Suburban sprawl is the spread of suburbs away fro the core city.