POPULATION

All of the individuals of a species that live together in an area.

Some Key Features of Populations

Size:

The overall number of individuals in a given area such as a city, state, or country

Some Key Features of Populations

Density: A measure of the number of people living in

an area (expressed as persons per square mile or square kilometer)

Some Key Features of Populations

Density: A measure of the number of people living in

an area (expressed as persons per square mile or square kilometer)

Birthrate: The annual number of births per 1,000 people is

Important factors that affects density

Deathrate: The annual number of deaths per 1,000 people is

Important factors that affects density

Migration: The process of moving from one place to live in

another.1. Immigration- movement of individuals into a

population

2. Emigration- movement of individuals out of a population

Important factors that affects density

Forms of Governments

Types of Government are based on one key question: Who governs and what is the citizen participation?

We will only be discussing three types of government:Democracy, Monarchy, Communism

Democracy

In a democracy, the government is elected by the people. Everyone who is eligible to vote has a chance to have their say over who runs the country. It is distinct from governments controlled by a particular social class or group (aristocracy; oligarchy) or by a single person (despotism; dictatorship; monarchy). A democracy is determined either directly or through elected representatives.

Monarchy

A monarchy has a king, queen, emperor or empress.The ruling position can be passed on to the ruler’s heirs. In some traditional monarchies, the monarch has absolute power. But a constitutional monarchy, like the UK, also has a democratic government that limits the monarch's control.

Communism

In a communist country, the government owns property such as businesses and farms. It provides its people's healthcare, education and welfare.

World Economies

Economy

• Economy - A system for producing, distributing, and consuming goods and services.

Components of Economy• Goods – products that are made to be sold

– Cars, baskets, computers, paper, clothes

• Services – work done or duties performed for other people.– The work of a doctor or of a television repair person.

Components of Economy

• Producer – a person who makes products that are used by other people. – Owners and workers

• Consumer – a person who buys goods and services. – Everyone who buys things

There are many different kinds of economies around the world, most of them fall into the following three basic categories. 1. Traditional Economy2.Command Economy3. Market Economy

Traditional EconomyTraditional Economy - is a system in which the

allocation of resources and other economic activities are affected by ritual, custom, or habit.

Example: The Tuareg of the Sahara in northern Africa are nomadic herders who travel about the region in search of food and water for their animals. They produce most of the things they need and trade with others for what they need and cannot produce.

The Tuareg

A Tuareg jewelry stall market, near Mandara Lake, Awbari Sea, Fezzan, Libya.

Tools of the Tuareg Blacksmith

Tuareg nomad boy returns home at dusk with sheep he herded all day

Command EconomyCommand Economy - is a system organized around a

central authority which makes most of the major economic decisions.

• The government decides what products are made, how much is produced, and what the goods cost.

Example: Cuba’s economy

Cuba’s Command Economy• Most of the means of production

are owned and run by the government and most of the labor force is employed by the state.

• In the year 2000, the public sector employment was 76% and the private sector at 23%.

• The Cuban government sets most prices and rations goods to citizens.

Market Economy• Market Economy – individuals depend on supply,

demand, and prices to determine the answers to the four economic questions of "what to produce," "how to produce," "how much to produce," and "for whom to produce.”

• In a market economy, most businesses are privately owned.

• When a company sells its products, it earnsa profit. Owners decide how to use profits and how much to pay workers.

Why would consumers be important to a market economy?

Closest Example: The U.S.A.’s Free Enterprise System

Example• The U.S.A.’s free enterprise

system is an example of a Market Economy

A few other terms you should know:

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)The value of all goods and services produced within a country in a single year.

Developed CountriesCountries with strong economies and a high quality of

life.

Developing CountriesCountries with less productive economies and a lower

quality of life.