• “Popular sovereignty” was the idea that– 1. the government of each new territory should

be elected by the people.– 2. the American public should vote on whether

to admit states with or without slavery.– 3. the people of a territory should determine for

themselves whether or not to permit slavery.– 4. the United States should assume popular

control of the territory acquired from Mexico.

• The Free Soil Party condemned the expansion of slavery primarily because– 1. it put the United States on a course of perpetual

conflict with other nations in the Western hemisphere.

– 2. it created excessive class divisions between wealthy plantation owners and ordinary farmers.

– 3. it destroyed opportunities for white workers to rise from wage-earning dependence to independent ownership.

– 4. it was built on a false doctrine of racial superiority and dehumanization of blacks.

• The essential approach of the Whig party to the slavery issue in the election of 1848 and after was– 1. to support the doctrine of popular sovereignty.– 2. to emphasize the necessity of maintaining an equal

balance between slave and free states in the Senate.– 3. to campaign as a pro-slavery party in the South

and an anti-slavery party in the North.– 4. to avoid discussing the issue in hopes that it would

eventually go away.

• The event that precipitated the crisis of 1850 was– 1. the Senate’s passage of the Fugitive Slave Law.– 2. the proposal that Texas be carved into several

slave states in order to maintain an equal balance of power in the Senate.

– 3. the proposal to admit California directly to the Union as a free state without passing through the territorial stage.

– 4. the proposal that the issue of slavery in Kansas, Nebraska, and New Mexico be determined on the basis of popular sovereignty.

• Underlying the South’s opposition to admitting California to the Union as a free state was– 1. its belief that California would become the

breeding ground for radical abolitionism.– 2. the loss of southern California as a place

where cotton growing and slavery could thrive.– 3. the belief that California’s admission would tip

the balance of political power in the Senate and the nation against them.

– 4. the belief that it would make enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law virtually impossible.

• The “Great Compromiser” who helped to make the Compromise of 1850 his last great achievement was– 1. William Seward. – 2. Henry Clay. – 3. Daniel Webster.– 4. Stephen Douglas.

• Senator Daniel Webster’s role in the debates leading up to the Compromise of 1850 was– 1. to stand firmly for the principle of no expansion of

slavery.– 2. to urge compromise and acceptance of the

principle of popular sovereignty in the West.– 3. to block the proposed Fugitive Slave Law while

accepting other concessions to Texas and the South.

– 4. to attack John C. Calhoun’s doctrines of nullification and secession as the greatest threat to the Union.

• Under the terms of the Compromise of 1850,– 1. California was admitted to the Union as a free

state, and slavery in Utah and New Mexico territories would be left up to popular sovereignty.

– 2. California was admitted as a free state, and Utah and New Mexico as slave states.

– 3. California, Utah, and New Mexico were kept as territories but with slavery prohibited.

– 4. New Mexico and Texas were admitted as slave states and Utah and California as free states.

• The idea that a divinely ordained “higher law” than the Constitution prohibited the expansion of slavery was vigorously promoted by– 1. Senator Daniel Webster.– 2. Senator William Seward.– 3. Senator Stephen A. Douglas.– 4. Senator Abraham Lincoln.

• The immediate effect of the Compromise of 1850 was– 1. to calm the national crisis and create a brief

period of good feeling.– 2. to strengthen the southern “fire eaters” call for

secession from the Union.– 3. to set off violent conflict between pro-slavery and

anti-slavery forces in Kansas.– 4. to guarantee that the question of expanding

slavery into the territories would not be raised again.

1.

The Whigs placed John Tyler on the 1840 ticket as vice president to

 A) have him instead of President William Henry

Harrison actually run the executive branch.

  B) win northern votes.

  C) attract the vote of the states' rightists.

 D) reward him for his strong support of the Whig

party platform.

 E) respond to the Democrats' expansionist

appeal.

C) attract the vote of the states' rightists.

2. As a result of the panic of 1837,

 A) the U. S. established restrictions on foreign

loans.  B) Britain lent money to America, its close ally.  C) anti-British passions cooled in America.

 D) the Democrats led America into war for more

territory.  E) several states defaulted on their debts to Britain.

E) several states defaulted on their debts to Britain.

3.

Arrange the following in chronological order: (A) annexation of Texas, (B) Webster-Ashburton Treaty, (C) settlement of the Oregon boundary, (D) Aroostook War.

  A) A, B, D, C

  B) B, D, C, A

  C) D, B, A, C

  D) C, A, B, D

  E) A, D, C, B

C) D, B, A, C

4.

Texas was annexed to the United States as a result of

  A) Senate approval of the Treaty of Annexation.

 B) President Tyler's desire to help his troubled

administration.

  C) a presidential order by Andrew Jackson.

  D) the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo.

 E) a compromise to admit free-state Iowa at the same

time.

President Tyler's desire to help his troubled administration.

5.

Most Americans who migrated to the Oregon Country were attracted by the

  A) rich soil of the Willamette River Valley.

  B) expectation of fighting British troops.

  C) potential profits in the fur trade.

  D) discovery of gold and silver in the Cascade

Mountains.

  E) hope of finding a better trade route to East

Asia.

A) rich soil of the Willamette River Valley.

6.

In the presidential election of 1844, the Whig candidate, Henry Clay,

  A) opposed the annexation of Texas.

  B) called for immediate annexation of Texas.

 C) favored both the annexation of Texas and the

postponement of that annexation.

  D) ignored the issue of the annexation of Texas.

  E) favored dividing Texas into several states.

C) favored both the annexation of Texas and the postponement of that annexation.

7.

One reason that the British government decided to compromise on the Oregon Country border was

  A) the support of the Hudson's Bay Company.

 B) their belief that the territory was not worth

fighting over.

  C) John Tyler's election to the presidency.

  D) America's acceptance of 54º 40'.

  E) their better ability to defend British Columbia.

B) their belief that the territory was not worth fighting over.

8.

In his quest for California, President James K. Polk

  A) advocated war with Mexico from the beginning.

 B) argued strongly for annexation, because

Americans were the most numerous people in the area.

 C) was motivated by his knowledge of gold deposits

there.

 D) sought British help to persuade Mexico to sell the

area to the United States.

  E) first advocated buying the area from Mexico.

E) first advocated buying the area from Mexico.

9.

In 1846 the United States went to war with Mexico for all of the following reasons except

  A) the ideology of Manifest Destiny.

 B) the deaths of American soldiers at the hands of

Mexicans.

 C) the desire to gain payment for damage claims

against the Mexican government.

 D) the impulse to satisfy those asking for “spot”

resolutions.

  E) Polk's desire to acquire California.

D) the impulse to satisfy those asking for “spot” resolutions.

10.

One goal of Mexico in its 1846–1848 war with the United States was to

  A) demonstrate the strength of Latino culture.

  B) regain control of Texas.

  C) capture slaves and take them back to Mexico.

 D) force America to make good on unpaid claims of

damages to Mexican citizens.

  E) free black slaves.

E) free black slaves.

11.

The terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo ending the Mexican War included

 A) a guarantee of the rights of Mexicans living in

New Mexico.

 B) United States annexation of all the territory south

of the Rio Grande.

 C) the banning of slavery from all territory ceded to

the United States.

 D) a requirement that Mexico pay $3.25 million in

damages to the United States.

 E) United States payment of $15 million for the

cession of northern Mexico. E) United States payment of $15 million for the

cession of northern Mexico.

12.

The Wilmot Proviso

 A) symbolized the burning issue of slavery in the

territories.

  B) gained House and Senate approval in 1846.

 C) settled once and for all the issue of slavery in

California.

 D) allowed slavery in the territory taken from Mexico

in 1848.

 E) left open the issue of slavery in New Mexico and

Utah.

A) symbolized the burning issue of slavery in the territories.

13.

The largest single addition to American territory was

  A) the Louisiana Purchase.

  B) the Mexican Cession.

  C) the Oregon Country.

  D) the Old Northwest.

  E) Alaska.

B) the Mexican Cession.

14.

The Spanish Franciscan missionaries treated the native inhabitants of California

 A) according to the principles of their founder St.

Francis.

  B) well but refused to convert them to Christianity.

  C) very harshly.

  D) better than they treated their African slaves.

  E) as capable of civilization if educated.

C) very harshly.

15.

When the Mexican government secularized authority in California,

  A) missionaries gained power.

  B) slavery became an accepted practice.

  C) convicts brought in by Spain were expelled.

  D) California's Indians received better treatment.

  E) Californios eventually gained control of the land.

E) Californios eventually gained control of the land.

16.

The Californios' political ascendancy in California ended

  A) with the arrival of Franciscan friars.

  B) as a result of the influx of Anglo golddiggers.

  C) when Mexico gained control of the area in 1826.

 D) when agriculture became more profitable than

mining.

 E) when the U. S. government made English

mandatory.

B) as a result of the influx of Anglo golddiggers.

17.

The United States' victory in the Mexican War resulted in

 A) renewed controversy over the issue of extending

slavery into the territories.

 B) a possible split in the Whig and Democrat parties

over slavery.

 C) the cession by Mexico of an enormous amount of

land to the United States.

 D) a rush of settlers to new American territory in

California.

  E) all of the above.E) all of the above.

18.

The debate over slavery in the Mexican Cession

 A) threatened to split national politics along North-

South lines.

 B) nearly resulted in the return of the territory to

Mexico.

  C) resulted in the formation of the Republican party.

 D) resulted in strong hostility to further

expansionism.

  E) all of the above.

A) threatened to split national politics along North-South lines.

19.

According to the principle of “popular sovereignty,” the question of slavery in the territories would be determined by

  A) the most popular national leaders.

  B) a national referendum.

  C) congressional legislation.

  D) a Supreme Court decision.

  E) the people in any given territory.

E) the people in any given territory.

20.

In the 1848 presidential election, the Democratic and Whig parties

  A) lost to the Free Soil party.

  B) addressed the issue of slavery.

  C) remained silent on the issue of slavery.

 D) abandoned the tactic of nominating military

leaders.

  E) were divided on the issue of admitting California.

C) remained silent on the issue of slavery.

21.

The event that brought turmoil to the administration of Zachary Taylor was the

  A) passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

  B) influx of immigrants to the west coast.

  C) attempt to acquire Cuba.

  D) growth of lawlessness in California.

  E) discovery of gold in California.

  E) discovery of gold in California.

22.

Of those people going to California during the gold rush,

  A) the majority had come from foreign nations.

  B) slaves constituted a sizable minority.

  C) the majority gained considerable financial rewards.

  D) most were interested in free-soil farming.

  E) a distressingly high proportion were lawless men.

  E) a distressingly high proportion were lawless men.

23.

Harriet Tubman gained fame

  A) by helping slaves to escape to Canada.

  B) in the gold fields of California.

  C) as an African American antislavery novelist.

  D) as an advocate of the Fugitive Slave Law.

  E) by urging white women to oppose slavery.

A) by helping slaves to escape to Canada.

24.

John C. Calhoun's plan to protect the South and slavery involved

 A) a constitutional amendment permanently

guaranteeing equal numbers of slave and free states.

  B) southern secession from the Union.

 C) support of Henry Clay's proposed concessions by

both the North and the South.

  D) repealing the president's veto power.

 E) the election of two presidents, one from the North

and one from the South. 

E) the election of two presidents, one from the North and one from the South.

25.

In his Seventh of March speech, Daniel Webster

  A) attacked Henry Clay's compromise proposals.

  B) urged reasonable concessions to the South.

 C) advocated a congressional ban on slavery in the

territories.

 D) proposed a scheme for electing two presidents,

one from the North and one from the South, each having veto power.

  E) became a hated figure in the South.

B) urged reasonable concessions to the South.

26.

The Young Guard from the North

  A) regarded preserving the Union as their top priority.

 B) agreed fully with the Old Guard on the issue of

slavery.

 C) saw expansionism as a solution to the slavery

question.

 D) gave support to John C. Calhoun's plan for rescuing

the Union.

 E) were most interested in purging and purifying the

Union.E) were most interested in purging and purifying the

Union.

27.

During the debate of 1850, _________________ argued that there was a “higher law” than the Constitution that compelled him to demand the exclusion of slavery from the territories.

  A) William H. Seward

  B) Henry Clay

  C) Daniel Webster

  D) Stephen A. Douglas

  E) Zachary Taylor

A) William H. Seward

28.

In the Compromise of 1850, Congress determined that slavery in the New Mexico and Utah territories was

  A) to be banned.

  B) protected by federal law.

  C) to be decided by popular sovereignty.

 D) to be ignored until either territory applied for

admission to statehood.

  E) to be decided by the Supreme Court.

C) to be decided by popular sovereignty.

29.

The Fugitive Slave Law included all of the following provisions except

 A) the requirement that fugitive slaves be returned

from Canada.

  B) denial of a jury trial to runaway slaves.

 C) denial of fleeing slaves' right to testify on their

own behalf.

 D) the penalty of imprisonment for northerners who

helped slaves to escape.

 E) a higher payment if officials determined blacks to

be runaways.

A) the requirement that fugitive slaves be returned from Canada.

30.

The man who opened Japan to the United States was

  A) William Walker.

  B) Franklin Pierce.

  C) Lafcadio Hearn.

  D) Clayton Bulwer.

  E) Matthew Perry.

  E) Matthew Perry.

31.

A scheme to acquire Cuba from Spain in the 1850's was known as the

  A) Clayton-Bulwer Treaty.

  B) Wilmot Proviso.

  C) Kansas-Nebraska Act.

  D) Gadsden Purchase.

  E) Ostend Manifesto.

E) Ostend Manifesto.

32.

One of Stephen Douglas's mistakes in proposing the Kansas-Nebraska Act was

 A) not securing the transcontinental railroad for the

North.

  B) overestimating the protest to the bill.

  C) allowing slavery to spread into new territory.

 D) underestimating the depth of northern opposition

to the spread of slavery.

 E) believing that slavery could not survive in

Kansas.

 D) underestimating the depth of northern opposition

to the spread of slavery.