Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do SulPontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul

BrazilBrazil

Electronic Ballast Platform - EBP

Dos Reis, F. S.; Lima, J. C.; Tonkoski Jr., R.; Dantas, C. Dos Reis, F. S.; Lima, J. C.; Tonkoski Jr., R.; Dantas, C. G.; Suzuki, T.; Martinazzo, F.; Godinho, L. A.G.; Suzuki, T.; Martinazzo, F.; Godinho, L. A.

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION

OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES

THE ELECTRONIC BALLAST PLATFORMTHE ELECTRONIC BALLAST PLATFORM

BALLAST DESIGNBALLAST DESIGN

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTSEXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

- Environment preservation- Environment preservation

- Importance of electric power quality:- Importance of electric power quality:

Total Harmonic Distortion (THD);Total Harmonic Distortion (THD); Displacement Factor;Displacement Factor; Power Factor;Power Factor;

- - Energy crisis in 2001Energy crisis in 2001

-- Illumination Segment consume was Illumination Segment consume was

Estimated to be 30 % of total Electrical Estimated to be 30 % of total Electrical

Energy produced in the worldEnergy produced in the world

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

- Develop an electronic ballast platform with - Develop an electronic ballast platform with

easy frequency and duty cycle variations and easy frequency and duty cycle variations and

simple control strategies implementation.simple control strategies implementation.

- This platform will allow the study and - This platform will allow the study and

development of ballasts for HID lamps. development of ballasts for HID lamps.

HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMPS (HID):HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMPS (HID):

High Pressure Sodium Lamp (HPS)High Pressure Sodium Lamp (HPS)

• Discharge tube made of Synthesized Aluminum;

• Does not produce Ultraviolet radiation;

• Needs about 2.5 kV pulse for lamp ignition;

• One of the lamps with higher lifetime;

HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMPS (HID):HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMPS (HID):

High Pressure Sodium Lamp (HPS)High Pressure Sodium Lamp (HPS)

The HPS lamps have many particularities when they operate in high frequency, such as:

• Can be modeled by a resistance in steady state;

• Can have controlled luminous intensity;

• The spectrum color reproduction can be modified;

• Presents the acoustic resonance phenomenon;

■ Voltage■ Current

HID NEGATIVE RESISTENCEHID NEGATIVE RESISTENCE

LampCurrent

Positive Resistance

Negative Resistance

LampVoltage

Breakdown Voltage

ELECTRONIC BALLAST STAGESELECTRONIC BALLAST STAGES

VO

LT

AG

E

TIME

EMI FILTER

MAINS(AC)

RECTIFIER PFP INVETER RESONANTFILTER

LAMP

THE EBPTHE EBP

PULSE GENERATORPULSE GENERATOR

EBP PROTOTYPEEBP PROTOTYPE

48 MHz Clock Reference

FPGA Based PWM Optocouplers

Microcontroller

Serial Interface

8051 Microcontroller CPU

DIGITAL PLL (FPGA) DIGITAL PLL (FPGA)

Serial Interface

Sdat

Sclk

Scom

Digital PLL

Tuning Word

Load

PWMAdjustable

Digital Dead Time

Variable Frequency Command Signal Out

Clock Reference

Fin

Duty Cycle

Load

To Drive Circuit

C Serial Interface

162

nFinFout

Reg

Reg Phase/Ampl.Conversion

Load

12

1616

Phase Accumulator

Frequency Tuning Word

Clock Reference

Fout

DIGITAL PLLDIGITAL PLL

A>BA

ComparatorB

Command Signal Out

N-Bits Counterfin

Duty Cycle RegisterLoad

Duty CycleWord

A>BA

ComparatorB

A>BA

ComparatorB

Command Signal Out

N-Bits CounterfinN-Bits

Counterfin

Duty Cycle RegisterLoad

Duty Cycle RegisterLoad

Duty CycleWord

PWM GENERATION PWM GENERATION

INVERTER DRIVER (IR2110)INVERTER DRIVER (IR2110)

BALLAST TOPOLOGYBALLAST TOPOLOGY

E

S1

S2

D1

D2

Cs

Cp

L

RLâmpadaI V

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 20

5000

1 104

1.5 104

2 104

2.5 104

3 104

30000

0

VL w( )

20 w

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 20

5

10

15

20

25

3030

0

IL w( )

20 w

Current

Voltage

0=3s

LAMP FREQUENCY RESPONSELAMP FREQUENCY RESPONSE

E

S1

S2

D1

D2

Cs

Cp

L

RLâmpadaI V

E

S1

S2

D1

D2

Cs

Cp

L

RLâmpadaI V

LAMP IGNITION VOLTAGELAMP IGNITION VOLTAGE

0=3s

Using:

LF

Rc

se

Ev

21

)sin()(,...5,3,1

tnn

VtV m

nE

E

Vm2

CIRCUIT SIMPLIFICATION CIRCUIT SIMPLIFICATION (AFTER IGNITION)(AFTER IGNITION)

CIRCUIT EQUATIONSCIRCUIT EQUATIONS(AFTER IGNITION)(AFTER IGNITION)

AjQ

AA

QjA

R

AQZ

l

l

lamp

l

11

11

11),(

0

0

0

2

0

Mlamp

l VZ

RV

S

P

C

CA

Where:

lV

E

R

Z

2

2

Gráfico da Variação da Impedância em função de Ql variando-se o parâmetro A

0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.350

1

2

3

4

Z Ql1

10

Z Ql1

15

Z Ql1

20

Z Ql1

25

Z Ql1

30

GS Ql( )

Ql

Z/R

Ql

BALLAST DESIGN ABACUSBALLAST DESIGN ABACUS

DESIGN ESPECIFICATIONDESIGN ESPECIFICATION

DC Voltage: E = 400VSwitching Frequency: Fs = 68 kHzLamp Nominal Power: P = 250 W

Lamp Nominal Voltage: Vl = 100 VLamp Nominal Resistence: R= 40 Ω

637.1 2

2

lV

E

R

Z

INDUCTOR AND CAPACITORS INDUCTOR AND CAPACITORS DEFINITIONDEFINITION

With:

20

1A

141.0lQ

µHL 220 nFCP 9.2 nFCS 57

Gráfico da Variação da Impedância em função de Ql variando-se o parâmetro A

0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.350

1

2

3

4

Z Ql1

10

Z Ql1

15

Z Ql1

20

Z Ql1

25

Z Ql1

30

GS Ql( )

Ql

Z/R = 1.637

Ql = 0.141

637.1 2

2

lV

E

R

Z

It is obtained:

Experimental ResultsExperimental Results

Lamp operating in 65 kHz nominal frequency:

Lamp Voltage

Lamp Current

Lamp Power

Experimental Results - DimmerizationExperimental Results - Dimmerization

Lamp operating in 100kHz:

Lamp Voltage

Lamp Current

Lamp Power

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0,0 1,2 2,4 3,6 4,8 6,0 7,2 8,4 9,6 10,8 12,0 13,2 14,4 15,6

Tempo (ms)

Pe

rce

ntu

al e

m r

ela

çã

o a

o p

ico

(%

)

Reator Eletrônico Reator EletromagnéticoElectronic Ballast Electromagnetic Ballast

Experimental Results – Light OscilogramExperimental Results – Light Oscilogram

Normal Discharge

Discharge with Acoustic Resonance (18kHz)

Lamp Destroyed by Acoustic Resonance

Experimental ResultsExperimental ResultsAcoustic Resonance Acoustic Resonance

PFPPFP

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

This paper described a flexible platform This paper described a flexible platform implementation using a microcontroller implementation using a microcontroller and FPGA based circuit system able to and FPGA based circuit system able to generate command signals for the generate command signals for the ballast switches. ballast switches.

The present platform allows the study The present platform allows the study of the control strategies influences in of the control strategies influences in lamps lifetime, in new dimming lamps lifetime, in new dimming techniques implementation, in avoiding techniques implementation, in avoiding acoustic resonance and in color acoustic resonance and in color reproduction alterations.reproduction alterations.

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

During the platform design, the EMI During the platform design, the EMI disturbs was a major problem. Because disturbs was a major problem. Because of EMI it was developed a new platform of EMI it was developed a new platform considering many precautions to avoid considering many precautions to avoid EMI.EMI.

It was presented a simple LCC ballast It was presented a simple LCC ballast design criteria presenting an abacus. design criteria presenting an abacus.

The EBP presents a high power factor The EBP presents a high power factor and works properly from 100 to 240 V.and works properly from 100 to 240 V.

OBRIGADO!OBRIGADO!

Gracias!Gracias!

Thank You!Thank You!