Polyphenols and Triterpenes from Chaenomeles Fruits: Chemical ...
Polyphenols and Aging
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Transcript of Polyphenols and Aging
POLYPHENOLS AND AGING
William KimScience Research – Period 4
Mrs. Flanagan
Figure 1: Age Related Changes in Motor Skills and Plasticity
Need
Knowledge Base
http://www.mayday-info.dk/715.0.html
Knowledge Base
http://www.imsc.res.in/~sitabhra/research/neural/celegans/celegans.gif
http://shirleywho.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/c-elegans_esa.jpg
Knowledge Base
http://www.wormbook.org/chapters/www_organformation/organformation.html
Knowledge Base
http://www.sfu.ca/biology/faculty/hutter/hutterlab/research/pictures/Ce_life_cycle.gif
Fig. 2 Blueberry polyphenols extend lifespan in strains of C. elegans.
Literature Review
Wilson et. al. 2006
Literature Review
Figure 3: Blueberry polyphenols slow decline of pharynx contraction in C. elegans.
Wilson et. al. 2006
Literature Review
Figure 4: Mean lifespan of different genotypes of C. elegans
Literature Review James Joseph (2007-2009) Tested and still testing fruit polyphenols
and their effects on aging and the brain of mice
Tested effects of blackberries, blueberries, strawberries, plum juice, and other berry fruits
PurposeTherefore the purpose of this experiment is to test the ability of fruit polyphenols in the prolonging of lifespan in C. elegans.
HypothesisNull Hypothesis: The blueberries, etc. will have no effect in prolonging the lifespan of C. elegans.
Alternate Hypothesis: The blueberries, etc. will have a significant effect in prolonging the lifespan of C. elegans.
Polyphenols and Aging Methodology
Caenorhabditis elegansShort lifespan of about 2-3 weeks, rapid generation time, and experiemental flexibilty
Control MediumSample Size = 5
Medium + Fed crude blueberry extract (Vaccinium angustifolium)Sample Size = 5
MeasurementAverage pumping rate of pharynx contraction is recorded with the use of Motic Plus Camera attached to a stereomicroscope.
Statistical Analysis
Medium + Fed crude blackberry extract Sample Size = 5
Medium + Fed crude strawberry extractSample Size = 5
Medium + Fed crude Plum extractSample Size = 5
Protocols for Measurement Commercially prepared single strength wild
blueberry juice (Vaccinium angustifolium) is applied to a preconditioned C18 Column
C18 column is washed with water to remove fructose, glucose, and organic acids of blueberries, then with 100% methanol to obtain the total polyphenolic fraction
http://www.waters.com/waters/partDetail.htm?locale=101&partNumber=WAT066224
Protocols for Measurement
Fruit polyphenol extracts is added to NGM agar plates of C. elegans on the first day of the lifespan assay
Lifespan scoring is initiated after hermaphrodites complete their final larval molt, on the first day of adulthood
Pharynx pumping rates are measured on days 4, 6, 8, and 10 of C. elegans adulthood
Protocols for Measurement
Pharynx contraction rate recorded with Motic Plus camera attached to a stereomicroscope
Pumps per minute measured
http://www.technicalvideo.com/photos/ElegansPharynx.jpg
Doability Motic Plus with Stereomicroscope
available in lab for pharynx contraction observation
Fruit polyphenols are easily obtainable C. elegans are easily obtainable and
culturable
BudgetVendor Catalogue
#Page Item Item # Quanti
tyUnit $$ Total $
$
Carolina Science 2009
78 248 C. elegans N2 (wild
type)
NP-17-3500
1 $10.95 (per culture)
$10.95
Caroline Science 2009
78 248 Nematode Growth
Agar
NP-17-3520
5 $6.25 (per 135 ml bottle)
$31.25
https://www.waters.c
om/waters/partDetail.htm
?partNumber=WAT066224
n/a n/a Symmetry C18
Column, 3.5 µm, 4.6 x 75
mm
WAT066224
1 $543.00 $543.00
Carolina Science Website
n/a n/a Methanol 874950 1 $5.75 per 500 mL
$5.75
Total Price: $590.95
Bibliography“Aging Statistics.” Administration on Aging. (2009) 24 March 2009. <http://www.aoa.gov/AoARoot/Aging_Statistics/index.aspx> “Antioxidants.” McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science & Technology. McGraw-Hill, 2001. “Antioxidants.” MedlinePlus. (2009) 9 Feb. 2009. <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/antioxidants.html#cat1>
Carlson, Rick E., Kirby, Brett S., Voyles, Wyatt F., and Dinenno, Frank A. “Evidence for impaired skeletal muscle contraction-induced rapid vasodilation in aging humans.” American Journal of Physiology – Heart and Circulatory Physiology 294 (2008): H1963-H1970.
Joseph, James. "ARS Project: The effects of walnuts on age related changes in neuroprotection, inflammatory signaling and behavior (414597)." <http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/projects/projects.htm?ACCN_NO=414597>.
Kenney, Richard A. Physiology of Aging: A Synopsis. Chicago, London. Year Book Medical Publishers, INC, 1982. Larsson, L., Grimby, G., and Karlsson, J.. “Muscle Strength and Speed of Movement in Relation to Age and Muscle Morphology.” Journal of Applied
Physiology 46 (1979): 451-456. "NCLD - Dyspraxia." NCLD - Home. 04 May 2009 <http://www.ncld.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=466>. Oliver, Rush H., Albury, Acchia N.J., and Mousseau, Timothy A.. “Programmed Cell Death in Flight Muscle Histolysis of the House Cricket.” Journal of
Insect Physiology 53 (2007): 30-39. Scalbert, Augustin, Johnson, Ian T., and Saltmarsh, Mike. “Polyphenols: antioxidants and beyond.” The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 81 (2005):
215S-7S. “Types of contractions.” Muscle Physiology. (2006). University of California. 31 May 2006. < http://muscle.ucsd.edu/musintro/contractions.shtml> USDA/Agricultural Research Service. "Adding Walnuts To Good Diet May Help Older People Improve Motor And Behavioral Skills." ScienceDaily 25
April 2009. 5 May 2009 <http://www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2009/04/090419201207.htm>. “What Is an Antioxidant?.” American Dietetic Association. (2006). 14 Sept. 2006.
<http:/www.eatright.org/cps/rde/xchg/ada/hs.xsl/home_9660_ENU_HTML.htm>. Wilson, Mark A., Shukitt-Hale, Barbara, Kalt, Wilhemina, Ingram, Donald K., Joseph, James A., and Wolkow, Catherine A. “Blueberry polyphenols
increase lifespan and thermotolerance in Caenorhabditis elegans.” Aging Cell. 5 (2006): 59-68.