Polymer = Poly (多) + mer (개체contents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2015/pusan/kimhon… · ·...
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Transcript of Polymer = Poly (多) + mer (개체contents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2015/pusan/kimhon… · ·...
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1.3
1.3.1 (Polymer)
PPoollyymmeerr == PPoollyy (()) ++ mmeerr (())
MMaaccrroommoolleeccuulleess == MMaaccrroo (()) ++ mmoolleeccuullee(())
(polymer)
. .
(macromolecule) .
-
1.3.2 (Monomer) (Polymerization)
(monomer) (polymer) ,
,
(polymerization) .
MMoonnoommeerr == MMoonnoo (()) ++ mmeerr (())
(Dimer), 3 (Trimer),,,
, ~ (Oligomer) .
DDiimmeerr == DDii (()) ++ mmeerr,, TTrriimmeerr == TTrrii (()) ++ mmeerr
OOlliiggoommeerr == OOlliiggoo (()) ++ mmeerr
(polymer) , ~
. , .
-
2 (function group) , 2
, 3
.
C-C-C-C
2 .
:: 22 C=C CC CC
:: +A-B- +A-B
- +A-B
- +A-B
-
1. : ,
2. : (+) (-), (amphoteric
monomer)
-
1.3.3
(main chain)
(side chain) . (end groups) .
H R H H H H R H
A-C-C-C-C------C-C-C-C-B
H H H R H H R H R: -(CH2)n
p3 ,
-
: Polyethylene
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1.3.4
,
.
, ,
. (
) Poly . , () .
(ethylene) (polyethylene), (styrene)
(polystyrene), (vinyl chloride)
(poly(vinyl chloride)) .
poly , (bonding group) . *(ester)
(polyester), **(peptide) (polypeptide) .
(Polyethylene) .
( polyethylene )
CH2=CH2 -CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2- -[-CH2-]n-
-
[ ]- , n [] .
.
.
.
(protein) (polypeptide).
( polypeptide )
R O H R O |
nH2N-C-COH -[-N-C-C-]n-+ nH2O
H H
*
Ester , . **
Peptide amide group (CONH-) .
-
1.4
1.4.1
DNA, ,
.
1832 cellulose nitrate .
1839 ,
. 1970 (camphor)
(celluloid) .
,
1884 Viscose Rayon . cellophane
.
1832, cellulose nitrate 1839, Vulcanized rubber () 1870, Celloloid: cellulose 1884, Rayon (viscose process; cellophane)
-
(synthetic polymer) 1905 phenol-formaldehyde
,
. 1916 2,3-dimethylbutadiene
methyl rubber .
1920 2
, 1 .
1930 ,
.
Dupont
Wallace Carothers 1934 nylon .
, , ,
,
.
1905, phenol-formaldehyde Resin 1934, Nylon, Polyester
,
,
.
-
1.4.2
.
Case:
Polystyrene
PET
Poly(vinyl chloride)
Filter
Polycarbonate
-
Polyethyleneterephthalate (PET)
Thickener: hydroxyethyl cellulose
Conditioner: silicones
NylonPE
: Polypropylene,
microwave:
Poly(ether sulfones)
Hair spray: Polyvinylpyrrolidone
-
Cellulose & Nylon
PET Composites: Graphite Fiber
Nylon
T-shirts: cellulose
-
Polybutadiene
Polycarbonate Polyisoprene
: ABS resin
Tire cord:
Nylon, PET,
Kevlar, Metal
side: Polyisoprene
outer: SBS
inner: Polyisobutylene
cellulose
Nylon
-
Polystyrene
Epoxy resin
HIPS
Polypropylene
Melamine-formaldehyde resinPET
-
PE
ChloroprenePolydicyclopentadien
Polyisoprene
Polyurethane
& Kevlar
PVC
-
Nylon
Nylon
SBSPolyurethane
Gore-Tex:
PTFE and Polyurethane
PE
Ionomer,
Thermoplastic
elastomer
Polyurethane
Nylon
Carbon Fiber or
Titanum Fiber
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Medical Biomaterials
PAN
PE+PU
Ti
PHEMA PU
PCL+Si
PVA
PLA
Cellulose
PMMA+Ti alloy
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2.
2.1
2.1.1
.
Cellulose, Protein, Rubber,
, Silk ,
, , , Asphalt,
.
, , ,
,
Polysilicate, Polysulfurnitride, graphite
.
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2.1.2
() , , ,
, .
,
,
.
(bulk)
, .
(a) ( Linear polymers )
2 .
-
(b) ( Branched polymers )
3 2
.
,
.
.
-
(c) ( Network polymers )
3
3 .
-
( Ladder polymers )
.
, ,
,
.
.
, ,
.
-
( Starburst polymers )
,
(sphere) .
( Cyclo polymers )
(tenacity)
.
-
2.1.3
, ,
(thermoplastic) (thermosetting) .
( Thermoplastic )
, .
(PE), (PVC),
(PET), (PS)
, .
( Thermosetting )
. , , ,
, .
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2.1.4
( homopolymer ) (a) , -aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa-
( copolymer ) ,
.
- (Alternating copolymer) (a b) : -ababababababababababab-
- (Block copolymer) (a b) , -aaaaaaaabbbbbbbaaaaaaa-
- (Random copolymer) (a b) , -aabaabbbabaabbabbbaaab-
p62
-
- (Graft copolymer) (a) (b) ,
-aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa- b b b b b b b b b b bbbb
- (Crosslinked copolymer) (a) (b) ,
-aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa- b b b bbbbb b b
-aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa-
-
,
,
.
poly () ,
(ab)
co- .
, poly(a-co-b) .
, poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile)
block- , graft- .
, poly(styrene-block-butadiene)