Pollution in Ship Breaking

8/17/2019 Pollution in Ship Breaking

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Marine Pollution and Prevention (NAME 347)

3.00 Credit, 3 hrs /wk

NAME – 2 (Level-3, Term-1), 201

P!LL"T#!N #N $%#P &'EA#N

*our+e Teaer

Name. Ma/or Muammad 'aiul #+lam, P, EME

Aointment. #n+trutor *la++ &

Moile. 01702402

Email.mrai775aoo6omeartment.Naval Ariteture Marine En8ineerin8

Militar5 #n+titute o9 $iene Tenolo85

Mirur *antonment, Mirur-12, a:a-121

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&an8lade+

Ship breaking in Bangladesh had a casual beginning when a vessel

was stranded o Sitakund, !ust north o" Chittagong, a"ter a severec#clone in 1$%& and broken up so'e #ears later b# Chittagong Steel(ouse Co'pan#. Ships da'aged during the 1$)1 *iberation +arwere also brought ashore and scrapped in 1$) b# -arna"ull# etal+orks. uring the 1$0s, the industr# ourished, with nearl# )0operators working business was boo'ing and the alleged corruptpractices with regard to the use o" govern'ent loans led to atightening up o" regulations, with the i'position o" a govern'ent taon the industr# and a 'ore conservative approach to 'one# lendingb# the banks.

4n 200$, Bangladesh ship breaking #ards accounted "or one third o" the world5s ship breaking tonnage, with so'e 20 #ards, or plots, inoperation. 6ntil 2011, ship breaking had not been recogni7ed as anindustr# in Bangladesh hence it had received no govern'entsupport in the "or' o" grants, ta relie" or in"rastructuredevelop'ent. ore 'echani7ation is still re8uired, as is the provisiono" basic "acilities such as clean drinking water, 9re 9ghting "acilitiesetc. :he industr# supplies approi'atel# 0 ; o" the countr#5s need"or 'etal scrap, "eeding so'e 200 s'all rolling 'ills. 6nlike as in4ndia, the Bangladeshi rolling 'ills do not operate a reheatingprocess, but roll the 'etal cold.


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inuence o" the plot owners over the authorities would appear to behigh and it is oered that the industr# needs to bebound b# distinct rules rather than policies.


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:he etent and the validit# o" various inspections have been8uestionable, in particular, the validit# o" gas>"ree certi9cationHhence the large nu'ber o" 9res and eplosions at breakers5 #ards,

when workers cut into co'part'ents that contain eplosive "u'es.Areeing a ship o" "u'es is an epensive operation "or ship>owners orship breakers. :he inspection procedure is reported to be onl#no'inal, with certi9cation easil# obtained "or 'one#. 4n particular,the need "or gas>"ree certi9cates does not appear to be closel#regulated, with the result that 9res and eplosions are regularoccurrences. 4n the 20 #ears to 200%, so'e 00 deaths and %,000serious in!uries have been associated with the #ards.

:he industr# is no'inall# supervised b# both the inistr# o" Portsand Shipping and the inistr# o" 4ndustries, although nu'erousother govern'ent and non>govern'ent bodies 'a# be involved, alloperating without an# speci9c co>ordination. :he Jplosivesepart'ent is Eno'inall#F responsible "or the issue o" gas>"reecerti9cates, once the ship has been inspected.

?ll sensitive co''unications, radar and navigation e8uip'entshould be inventoried and con9scated b# the Iav#. :he ercantile

arine epart'ent lists the 'arine stores. 4ndustr# evelop'entand the Process o" isposal board, carries out checks o" sa"et#'easures taken and veri9es the vessel5s docu'ents. Custo'sinspect the ship and its cargo and collect the i'port ta. :hese stepstake about 1 week to co'plete. Port o@cials veri"# i'portdocu'ents and certi9cates issued b# the various govern'entauthorities, and veri"# the pa#'ent o" duties and taes. ? per'it "orthe ship to enter territorial waters "or beaching is 9nall# issued b#the Chittagong Port ?uthorit#.

Bangladeshi environ'ental law o" 1$$) re8uires that ship breakersEand other industriesF 'ust have an environ'ental clearancecerti9cate "ro' the epart'ent o" the Jnviron'ent, inistr# o" Aorest and Jnviron'ent, which in turn re8uires the develop'ent o" an environ'ental 'anage'ent plan "or each ship breaking site. :hisre8uire'ent went largel# unen"orced until 200$, when an order "ro'the Bangladesh (igh Court to re>i'pose the re8uire'ent led to alock>out b# the sites5 owners.

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Iew Bangladeshi rules now re8uire that ships destined "or disposalin Bangladesh are acco'panied b# a certi9cate "ro' the eporterdeclaring that the ship is "ree o" toic substances.

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Summary of pressures and inuences on ship breakers

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Te %on8 on8 #nternational *onvention 9or te $a9e

and Environmentall5 $ound 'e5lin8 o9 $i+, 2006

• Adotion. 1; Ma5 200<

• Entr5 into 9ore. 24 mont+ a9ter rati=ation 5 1; $tate+,

rere+entin8 40 er ent o9 >orld merant +iin8 5 8ro++

tonna8e, omined ma?imum annual +i re5lin8 volume not

le++ tan 3 er ent o9 teir omined tonna8e

:he (ong -ong Convention is ai'ed at ensuring that ships, whenbeing rec#cled a"ter reaching the end o" their operational lives do

not pose an# unnecessar# risk to hu'an health and sa"et# or to theenviron'ent.

:he (ong -ong Convention intends to address all the issues aroundship rec#cling, including the "act that ships sold "or scrapping 'a#contain environ'entall# ha7ardous substances such as asbestos,heav# 'etals, h#drocarbons, o7one depleting substances andothers. 4t will address concerns about working and environ'entalconditions in 'an# o" the worldKs ship rec#cling "acilities.

Regulations in the new Convention cover :

4. :he design, construction, operation and preparation o" shipsso as to "acilitate sa"e and environ'entall# sound rec#cling,without co'pro'ising the sa"et# and operational e@cienc#o" ships

44. :he operation o" ship rec#cling "acilities in a sa"e and

environ'entall# sound 'anner

444. :he establish'ent o" an appropriate en"orce'ent'echanis' "or ship rec#cling, incorporating certi9cation andreporting re8uire'ents.

Requirements specifed in the new Convention are:

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• Ships to be sent "or rec#cling will be re8uired to carr# an

inventor# o" ha7ardous 'aterials, which will be speci9c to eachship.

• Ships will be re8uired to have an initial surve# to veri"# the

inventor# o" ha7ardous 'aterials, renewal surve#s during theli"e o" the ship, and a 9nal surve# prior to rec#cling.

• Ship rec#cling #ards will be re8uired to provide a Ship


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?sbestosPol#chlorinated biphen#ls EPCBsFG7one>depleting substances EGSsF?nti>"ouling co'pounds and s#ste's

Cad'iu' and cad'iu' co'pounds(eavalent chro'iu' and heavalent chro'iu' co'pounds*ead and lead co'poundsercur# and 'ercur# co'poundsPol#bro'inated biphen#ls EPBBsFPol#bro'inated diphen#l ethers EPBJsFPol#chlorinated naphthalenes EPCIsFchain chlorinated para@ns



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EbF Gperationall# generated wastes E4(, Part 44FH

+aste oil EsludgeFBilge and/or waste water generated b# the a"ter>treat'ent

s#ste's 9tted on 'achineriesGil# li8uid cargo residuesBallast wateroil# li8uid cargo residuesr# cargo residuesedical/in"ectious waste4ncinerator ash

LarbageAuel tank residuesGil# solid cargo tank residuesGil# or che'ical conta'inated ragsr# tank residuesCargo residues

EcF Stores including regular consu'able goods E4(, Part 444FH

-erosene

+hite spirit*ubricating oil(#draulic oil?nti>sei7e co'poundsAuel additiveJngine coolant additives?nti"ree7e uidsBoiler and "eed water treat'ent and test reagentseioni7er>regenerating che'icals

Jvaporator dosing and descaling acidsPaint stabili7ers/rust stabili7ersSolvents/thinnersPaintsChe'ical re"rigerantsBatter# electrol#te?lcohol/'eth#lated spirits?cet#lenePropane

ButaneG#gen



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Carbon dioidePeruorocarbons EPACsFethane(#drouorocarbons E(ACsF

Iitrous oide EI2GFSul"ur heauoride ESA%FBunkers, e.g. "uel oilLreaseAuel gasBatteries Eincluding lead>acid batteriesFPesticides/insecticide spra#sJtinguishersChe'ical cleaner Eincluding electrical e8uip'ent cleaner,

carbon re'overFetergent/bleacher Epotentiall# a li8uidFiscellaneous 'edicinesAire>9ghting clothing and personal protective e8uip'entSpare parts containing (a7ardous aterials

$ata collection process or !a"ardous #aterials

aterials eclaration EF and SupplierKs eclaration o" Con"or'it#ESoCF "or products "ro' suppliers Etier 1 suppliersF should bere8uested and collected b# the shipbuilding #ard. :ier 1 suppliers'a# re8uest "ro' their suppliers Etier 2 suppliersF the relevantin"or'ation i" the# cannot develop the based on the in"or'ationavailable. :hus the collection o" data on (a7ardous aterials 'a#involve the entire shipbuilding suppl# chain.

%!E $E&E'O(#E)% (ROCESS *OR (+R% I O* %!E I)&E)%OR,

*OR E-IS%I). S!I(S/

Co'pilation o" Part 4 o" the 4nventor# o" (a7ardous aterial "oreisting ships involves the "ollowing & stepsH

Step 1H Collection o" necessar# in"or'ationStep 2H ?ssess'ent o" collected in"or'ationStep 3H Preparation o" visual/sa'pling check planStep H Gnboard visual/sa'pling check and

Step &H Preparation o" Part 4 o" the 4nventor# and relateddocu'entation.



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0hat is SR*(1 0hat are the basic elements o SR*(1

:he Ship entr# procedures



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ii6 Sa"e>"or>hot>work proceduresiii6 +elding, cutting, grinding and heatingiv6 ru's, containers and pressure vesselsv6 Prevention o" "alling "ro' heights and accidents

caused b# "alling ob!ectsvi6 Lear and e8uip'ent "or rigging and 'aterials

handlingvii6 (ouskeeping and illu'inationviii6 aintenance and deconta'ination o" tools and

e8uip'enti?6 (ealth and sanitation?6 Personal protective e8uip'ent?i6 +orker eposure and 'edical 'onitoring.

e. J'ergenc# preparedness and response plan". Aire and eplosion prevention, detection andresponse

. Environmental omliane aroa.a. Jnviron'ental 'onitoringb. anage'ent o" (a7ardous aterialsH

i6 Potentiall# containing (a7ardous aterialsii6 ?dditional sa'pling and anal#sis

iii6 4denti9cation, 'arking and labeling andpotential on>board locationsiv6 depleting substances EGSsFiv6 Paints and coatingsv6 (a7ardous li8uids, residues and sedi'ents Esuch

as oils, bilge, and ballast waterFvi6 (eav# 'etals Elead, 'ercur#, cad'iu' and

heavalent chro'iu'Fvii6 Gther (a7ardous aterials.

d. Prevention o" adverse eects to the environ'entHi6 Spill prevention, control and counter'easuresii6 Stor'>water pollution preventioniii6 ebris prevention and control

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iv6 4ncident and spills reporting procedures

Plan Attament+Aacilit# apGrgani7ational Alow ChartPer'its, *icenses and Certi9cation


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sa"et# and health training

environ'ental awareness and

Airst>aid awareness.

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$escribe sae4or4entry criteria in ship recycling5

Aor entr# purposes, stead# readings o" all the "ollowing should be

obtainedH

• the o#gen content o" the at'osphere is 21 per cent b#

volu'e, 'easured using an o#gen content 'eter EIoteHIational re8uire'ents 'a# deter'ine a sa"e at'osphererangeF

• where the preli'inar# assess'ent has deter'ined that

there is potential "or a''able gases or vapors, theconcentration o" those gases or vapors is not higher than1 per cent o" their lower a''able li'it E*A*F, 'easuredusing a suitabl# sensitive co'bustible gas indicator and

• the concentration o" an# toic vapors and gases is not

higher than &0 per cent o" their occupational eposureli'it EGJ*F.

4" these conditions cannot be 'et, the space should be ventilated"urther and retested a"ter a suitable interval.

e+rie +a9e-9or-ot >or: roedure+ >it te riteria

in +i re5lin8.

:he Ship


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• within, on, or i''ediatel# ad!acent to "uel tanks that

contain or have last contained "uel

• on pipelines, heating coils, pu'p 9ttings or other

accessories connected to spaces that contain or have lastcontained "uel and

• bilges, cargo holds, engine roo' spaces and boiler spaces

not containing dangerous at'ospheres.

Sae4or4hot4wor6 criteria

? space that is NSa"e>"or>hot>workN is one that 'eets all the Sa"e>"or>entr# criteria and also the "ollowing criteriaH

• an# residues or 'aterials in the space are not capable o"

producing an o#gen>enriched or o#gen>de9cientenviron'ent, and are not capable o" generatinga''able or eplosive vapors

• all ad!acent spaces have been cleaned, rendered inert or

su@cientl# treated to prevent the risk o" eplosion, therelease o" noious or toic "u'es or gases and the spreado" 9re and

• work in ad!acent spaces is not aected b# the hot work,

such as tank entr#, li"ting operations or deconstruction b#hand.

Short note on !ealth and Sanitation in SR*(/

:he S


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$escribe Emergency preparedness and response plan

7E(R(8 in ship recycling5

Ship upe8uip'ent, breathing apparatus, alar's and signals anddetails o" training arrange'ents that are co''ensurate

with the possible e'ergenc# situations likel# to occur atthe Ship


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are in place, and that drills are being held on a regularbasis

• provide "or the in"or'ation and internal co''unication

and coordination necessar# to protect all people in theevent o" an e'ergenc# at the Ship aid and 'edical assistance, 9re>9ghting,

evacuation o" all people "ro' the Ship


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e'ergenc# incident.



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Short note on %he Ship 2rea6ing and Ship Recycling

Rules 9:;;< 2angladesh

:he Ship Breaking and Ship

Pollution in Ship Breaking

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Transcript of Pollution in Ship Breaking