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REPUBULIKA Y’U RWANDA

MINISITERI Y’UBUTAKA, IBIDUKIKIJE, AMASHYAMBA, AMAZI NA MINE

B.P 3502 KIGALI

POLITIKI Y’IGIHUGU Y’UBUTAKA

Gashyantare 2004

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1. IRIBURIRO U Rwanda, nta na rimwe rwigeze rugira politiki yihariye y’ubutaka. Nta n’ubwo rwigeze rugira itegeko rigenga imikoreshereze y’ubutaka usibye amwe mu mabwiriza, amenshi yo ku gihe cy’ubukoloni, usanga muri iki gihe abereyeho kwagura ubushyamirane busanzwe buri hagati y’amategeko yanditse mu buryo buyahina bikabije n’amategeko ashingiye ku muco, akunze kugenderwaho, nyamara ugasanga nayo ateza ibibazo mu byerekeranye n’imicungire y’ubutaka mu buryo burambye. Byari ngombwa rero kandi byihutirwa ko Guverinoma y’u Rwanda ishyiraho politiki y’igihugu y’ubutaka ishobora gutuma habaho uburyo bwiza kandi buhoraho bw’imicungire y’ubutaka bityo hagashyirwaho na gahunda inoze y’imikoreshereze yabwo. Iyi politiki kandi igomba gushyiraho amahame ashimangira ko ubutaka buba ishingiro ry’iterambere ry’amajyambere arambye haba mu rwego rw’ubukungu n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage. Inzitizi z’ibanze ku micungire inoze y’ubutaka mu Rwanda nizo ntandaro y’ishyirwaho rya politiki y’igihugu y’ubutaka igomba kugenga impinduka ziteganywa mu mikoreshereze y’ubutaka.

1.1. IMPAMVU YA POLITIKI Y’UBUTAKA Igice kinini cy’ubutaka bw’u Rwanda kiri ku misozi ihanamye kandi ahenshi burasharira. Ku buso bwose bungana na km2 26.338, hakoreshwa ubugera kuri hegitari 165.000 (52%). Na none ubutaka bw’u Rwanda bugizwe n’ibishanga n’ibibaya hakabamo kandi ibiyaga n’imigezi bituma u Rwanda rubarirwa mu Bihugu bifite amazi menshi. Ubutaka bw’u Rwanda burimo amabuye y’agaciro anyuranye na kariyeri z’amabuye, umusenyi n’ibumba bikoreshwa mu bwubatsi kandi byinjiza mu isanduku ya Leta amafaranga atari make buri mwaka, ni nabwo kandi bwubakwaho ibikorwa remezo bitandukanye. Nyamara kandi n’ubwo ubutaka bw’u Rwanda bigaragara ko bunyuranye, bukaba bunafite akamaro kanini cyane, bwakomeje kutitabwaho cyane ngo buhabwe agaciro kabukwiye. Ubwinshi muri bwo bwakomeje kugengwa n’umuco, ibi bigatuma hari abantu bamwe babuhezwaho kubera impamvu za politiki cyangwa iz’igitsina ari nako bwakomeje kwibasirwa n’isuri rukukumba.

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1.2. UKO IBINTU BITEYE A. KU RWEGO RW’IGIHUGU

(i) Ibireba imibereho myiza y’abaturage U Rwanda rufite ubuso bwa 26.338 Km², rukaba rutuwe n’abaturage 8.128.553 (MINECOFIN, Ugushyingo 2003). Ubwiyongere bw’abaturage ni 3.1% (PNUD, Ukuboza 1997). Hashingiwe ku bucucike bw’abaturage muri rusange bungana na 321 kuri Km², n’ubucucike ku butaka mbyazwamusaruro bungana na 433 kuri Km², bigaragara ko u Rwanda ari Igihugu gituwe cyane. Naho kuba igipimo rusange cy’umusaruro w’umunyarwanda mu mwaka ari amadorari 210, bihwanye n’amafaranga y’amanyarwanda 110.000 tugereranije, biragaragaza ko u Rwanda ari kimwe mu bihugu bikennye cyane. (ii) Ibirebana na politiki inogeye abaturage Iki gice kiribanda ku mateka y’u Rwanda ku bijyanye n’imicungire y’ubutaka mu gihe cya mbere y’ubukoloni, mu gihe cy’ubukoloni na nyuma y’ubwigenge.

Ikibazo cy’ubutaka mbere y’ubukoloni Mu Rwanda, mbere y’ ubukoloni, ubutaka bwari ubw’umuryango kandi hakabaho ubwuzuzanye hagati y’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi. Bwari isoko y’ubukungu bukaba n’ishingiro ry’ibikorwa byose ntangamusaruro. Ingo nyinshi zibumbiye hamwe zakoraga icyo bita umuryango, nazo zaba nyinshi zigakora umuryango mugari cyangwa ubwoko. Buri muryango mugari wabaga ufite umutware. Imiryango migari cyangwa ubwoko wayisangaga hirya no hino mu Gihugu, uko ingana bigaterwa n’akarere aka n’aka. Kugira uruhare ku butaka byaterwaga n’ubwisanzure bwo kuba mu karere aka n’aka kimwe n’ubwuzuzanye mu kububyaza umusaruro. Iyo micungire y’ubutaka yari igizwe n’uburyo bukurikira : Ubukonde cyangwa isambu y’umuryango yacungwaga n’umukuru w’umuryango wabaga waratemye ishyamba. Yabaga ari isambu nini cyane yashoboraga gutuzwamo imiryango myinshi bitaga « Abagererwa », bagiraga uburenganzira ku butaka bishingiye k’umuco gakondo. Igikingi cyangwa urwuri cyatangwaga n’umwami cyangwa umutware bitaga « Umutware w’umikenke », akakigabira umuryango w’aborozi. Kugeza ku

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mwaduko w’abakoloni, kugabirwa igikingi bwari bumwe mu buryo abantu bari baragiye babasha kubonamo ubutaka cyane cyane mu karere ko hagati mu Gihugu. Inkungu ni umuco watumaga umutware agira uburenganzira bwo kwiha cyangwa bwo kuba yagabira abandi bantu ubutaka butagira nyirabwo. Ubu butaka bwabaga ari igisigara umuyobozi yashoboraga kugabira abatabugira. Gukeba byasobanuraga gutuza abantu mu rwuri cyangwa mu isambu isanzwe. Gukeba, bitaga ubundi « kugaba » byakorwaga gusa n’umuyobozi w’ahagomba gutuzwa abantu. Uko ubuyobozi bwagiye burushaho gushinga imizi kandi ari nako burushaho kunogera abantu, ni nako ubutaka bwagiye burushaho kugira agaciro kagaragazwa n’uko bwitaweho, imicungire yabwo ikaba yari ifitwe n’umutware wihariye bitaga « Umutware w’ubutaka », hakaba n’umutware ushinzwe ibijyanye n’ubworozi bitaga « umutware w’umukenke », bombi bakaba bari ku rwego rumwe n’ « umutware w’ingabo ». Uburenganzira ku butaka bwarubahirizwaga kandi bugahererekanywa hagati y’ibisekuru hakurikijwe uko umuco gakondo wabiteganyaga. Ubwo burenganzira bwatangwaga mu izina ry’umwami ari na we nyirabwo mu rwego rw’ikirenga akagira n’inshingano yo kwita ku mibereho myiza y’abaturage. Ubutaka bwatangwaga mu buryo bwa rusange, atari umuntu ku giti cye. Ubwo ni bwo buryo abakoloni basanze, ni nabwo buryo bwari bwemewe n’umuco n’ubuyobozi bw’icyo gihe, nyuma haza kwiyongeraho ubundi buryo bw’imicungire y’ubutaka bushingiye ku mategeko yanditse.

Imicungire y’ubutaka mu gihe cy’ubukoloni Umwaduko w’abakoloni winjije mu muco w’abanyarwanda ibintu byinshi by’amahanga, biza bikuraho ibyari bisanzwe cyangwa bigambiriye guhindagura cyangwa kugoreka ibyari byiza mu Gihugu cyacu. Ubukoloni bw’Abadage bwatangiye mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya 19, bugeza mu mwaka w’ 1916 busimburwa n’ubw’ababiligi kugeza igihe cy’ubwigenge mu mwaka w’ 1961. Ubukoloni bwadukanye amategeko yanditswe dusanga mu bitabo byiswe « Codes et lois du Rwanda », by’umwihariko, ayo mategeko akaba yari agamije kurengera inyungu z’abakoloni n’iz’abashoramari b’abanyamahanga mu mikoreshereze y’ubutaka bw’u Rwanda.

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Ubuyobozi bwa gikoloni kandi bwashyize mu bikorwa icyemezo cyo mu mwaka w’1885 kirebana n’uko ubutaka butangwa ari nacyo mvano y’amabwiriza akurikira :

- Umutegetsi w’umukoloni ni we wenyine ufite ububasha bwo kugena uko ubutaka bwatswe umuturage wa gakondo butangwa. Umukoloni cyangwa umunyamahanga wese ushatse gutura mu Gihugu agomba kubinyuza ku buyobozi bwa gikoloni kandi agakurikiza amabwiriza yabwo kugira ngo ahabwe ubutaka anakorane nabo amasezerano y’imyubakire.

- Kugira ubutaka bijyana n’icyemezo kibigaragaza. Umunyarwanda gakondo

ntashobora kwamburwa ubutaka yari atunze. Ubutaka budafite nyirabwo ni ubwa Leta. Aya mabwiriza yatumye habaho uburyo bubiri mu micungire y’ubutaka bw’u Rwanda.

Ubutaka bufite ba nyirabwo bwakomeje gucungwa mu buryo bwa gakondo, mu gihe abakoloni n’abanyamahanga gusa aribo bonyine bagize amahirwe yo kugengwa n’amategeko yanditse. Aya mategeko ni nayo yarebaga ubutaka bufitwe n’abanyamadini b’abanyagaturika n’abaporoso (Décret du 24/01/1943 relatif aux cessions et concessions gratuites aux établissements d’utilité publique), mu mbago z’imijyi no mu duce dukorerwamo imirimo y’ubucuruzi. Kubera ubucucike bukabije bw’abaturage no gushaka gukonda ubutaka bushya, ubutegetsi bwa gikoloni bwashyizeho uburyo bushya bw’imiturire bise « paysannats ». Ni uburyo bujya gusa no « gukeba » kwa gakondo. Iyi miturire mishya yakoreshejwe mu turere tukirangwamo inzuri n’ahandi hakiri ibisigara, buri rugo rugahabwa isambu ingana na hegitari 2 hagamijwe guteza imbere ibihingwa ngengabukungu nk’ikawa mu karere k’Amayaga n’ipamba mu karere k’Ubugarama. Nyuma y’ikurwaho ry’Ubuhake n’ibikingi, ubwo buryo bushya bwatumye haboneka amasambu atubutse yo guhinga mu mwanya w’inzuri. Ubu buryo kandi bwashyizeho umurongo mushya w’iterambere ry’Igihugu rishingiye ku buhinzi gusa, ubwuzuzanye bwari hagati y’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi burasenyuka. Ibi byaje kugira ingaruka zitari nziza kuko n’ubwo nta makimbirane agaragara yabayeho hagati y’ubuyobozi n’abaturage, habayeho gusuhuka kw’aborozi bamwe berekeza mu Mutara, abandi bajya mu Bugande no muri Kongo. Hagati y’imyaka y’1952 n’1954, Umwami Mutara III RUDAHIGWA yakuyeho ubukonde mu Gihugu, ategeka « abakonde » bose kugabana imitungo yabo y’ubutaka n’ « abagererwa » babo.

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Imicungire y’ubutaka nyuma y’ubwigenge Ugereranije n’igihe cy’ubukoloni, nta cyahindutse kigaragara. Ibice 90% by’ubutaka buhigwa byakomeje kugengwa n’umuco gakondo. Itegeko ryanditse rigenga ubutaka ryakomeje kuba umwihariko w’abantu bacye n’imiryango y’abihaye Imana. Iryo tegeko usanga rikoreshwa cyane mu mijyi no mu duce dukorerwamo imirimo y’ubucuruzi.

- Imiterere y’ikibazo cy’ubutaka muri Repubulika ya mbere n’iya

kabiri Nyuma y’ubwigenge, amakomini yahawe uruhare rukomeye mu micungire y’ubutaka. Itegeko rigena amakomini ryo ku wa 23/11/1963, riteganya ko kubahiriza uburenganzira ku butaka bwabaruwe hashingiwe ku mategeko gakondo bibazwa Komini. Ni muri urwo rwego uburyo buteganywa muri iryo tegeko bwaje gukurwaho n’Itegeko-teka N° 09/76 rigena uburyo bwo kugura no kugurisha ubutaka bwa gakondo.

Kuva mu 1959, ubutaka bwabaye isoko y’amakimbirane akomeye hagati y’abaturage kubera impamvu za politiki, ni nacyo gihe hagaragaye impunzi za mbere zahunze zitaye amasambu n’indi mitungo itimukanwa yazo. Icyo gihe ubutaka bw’izo mpunzi bwaratanzwe, akaba ari yo ntandaro y’ibibazo n’ubu duhangana nabyo nyuma ya Jenoside. Mu mwaka w’ 1976, Itegeko-teka N° 09/76 ryo ku wa 4/03/1976 rigena uburyo bwo kugura cyangwa kugurisha ubutaka gakondo cyangwa ubwo umuntu yubatsemo bisaba kugira uburenganzira ahabwa n’ubuyobozi bubishinzwe kandi agasabwa gusigarana nibura hegitari ebyiri (2). Ugura agomba kugaragaza ko nta sambu yari asanganywe nibura ingana na hegitari ebyiri (2). Uhereye icyo gihe, Leta yatangiye kwemera gusa amasambu yandikishijwe bityo iherako iba nyir’ubutaka ku mugaragaro. Ni muri icyo gihe kandi habayeho abimukira benshi bagiye batuzwa mu turere twari tugifite ubutaka cyane cyane bava mu turere dutuwe cyane (Ruhengeri, Gisenyi, Gikongoro, Kibuye) berekeza mu turere tujya kuba ubutayu tw’iburasirazuba (Umutara, Kibungo, Ubugesera n’Amayaga). Mu ntagiriro y’imyaka ya za 80, nta masambu mashya yari akiboneka maze ibibazo bitagira ingano bitangira kuvuka : igabanuka ry’ubunini n’uburumbuke bw’imirima, amakimbirane ashingiye ku butaka hagati y’imiryango, inzara n’ibindi. Anketi mu by’ubuhinzi yakozwe icyo gihe yerekanye ko impuzandengo y’ubuso bw’umurima ku muryango yavuye kuri hegitari 2 mu mwaka w’1960 igera kuri hegitari 1,2 mu mwaka w’1984.

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- Ikibazo cy’ubutaka nyuma ya Jenoside yo mu 1994 Jenoside n’ubwicanyi byabaye kuva muri Mata kugeza muri Nyakanga 1994 byahitanye abantu barenga miliyoni. Habayeho kandi itahuka ry’impunzi zo muri 1959 nk’uko Amasezerano y’Amahoro ya Arusha yabiteganyaga, ziza zisanga ibibazo bikomeye byatewe na Jenocide birimo imfubyi, abapfakazi, impunzi hanze n’imbere mu Gihugu, ubukungu n’ubuzima bw’Igihugu muri rusange byarasenyutse. Mu ngingo ya 3 n’iya 4 y’Amasezerano ya Arusha zasabaga Leta y’u Rwanda gushakira impunzi ubutaka bwo guturaho kandi, kugira ngo hatabaho ikibazo mu rwego rw’imibanire n’ubwiyunge bw’abanyarwanda, hagiwe inama ko batari kwishyuza ibyabo. Nyamara ingingo ya 4 yemeraga ihame ko umutungo w’umuntu utavogerwa. Urwo rujijo rw’iyo ngingo hamwe no kuba Amasezerano ya Arusha atarabashije gushyirwa mu bikorwa neza byateye ibibazo byinshi aho ubutaka bumwe bwabaga bufite imiryango irenga umwe yerekana ko ibufiteho uburenganzira. Ibi byatumye hafatwa ingamba nshya zo gusaranganya amasambu cyane cyane mu turere twakiriye abatahutse benshi (Kibungo, Bugesera, Umutara, ...). Mu buryo bw’agateganyo, bamwe mu mpunzi zo mu mwaka w’1959 bagiye mu masambu atari afite ba nyirayo icyo gihe. Ibi byaje gutuma hajyaho itegeko ryo mu 1996 riteganya imicungire y’agateganyo y’amasambu adafite ba nyirayo. Abandi bafashe amasambu y’amadini, abandi bafata ibisigara bya Leta kugirango babone aho batura n’ibibatunga. Ahatuwe muri ubwo buryo twavuga nk’Akarere k’umuhigo mu Mutara aho 2/3 bya Parike y’Akagera, ishyamba rya Gishwati, imirima imwe yari iy’ibigo bya Leta n’ibisagara mu turere dutandukanye .

B. KU RWEGO RW’AKARERE NO KU RWEGO MPUZAMAHANGA U Rwanda ruherereye mu burasirazuba bw’Afurika yo hagati, hagati y’urubariro rw’isi ruri mu majyepfo ya koma y’isi hagati ya dogere 1°04' na 2°51' n’inkingi y’isi iri mu burasirazuba hagati ya dogere 28°53' na 30°53'. Ni Igihugu cy’imisozi miremire, kiri kure y’inyanja kuko ahari hafi werekeza ku nyanja hari ibirometero 1.200. Rukikijwe mu majyaruguru n’Igihugu cya Uganda, mu majyepfo n’Igihugu cy’Uburundi, mu burasirazuba n’Igihugu cya Tanzaniya n’iburengerazuba n’Igihugu cya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo. Kimwe n’Uburundi ni Ibihugu bito bituwe cyane. Kubera ko u Rwanda ruri hagati y’ibyo Bihugu bituma ubuhahirane bworoha bitabujije ko hashobora kuvuka ibibazo bitewe n’aho ruri n’uko imipaka karemano iteye. Urugero ni: ibibazo by’imipaka, urujya n’uruza rw’abaturage n’amatungo, indwara z’amatungo n’ibindi.

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Imicungire y’ubutaka ni ubumenyi bwihariye busaba guhuza imicungire n’amategeko amwe n’amwe n’Ibindi Bihugu kugira ngo habeho imikoranire no guhahirana mu buryo bunoze.

II. IBYEREKEZO RUSANGE

2.1 ICYEREKEZO CYA 2020 Imikoreshereze n’imicungire myiza y’ubutaka ni inkingi ikomeye y’Icyerekezo cya 2020. Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yiyemeje ko mu mwaka wa 2020 ubutaka buzaba bukoreshwa neza, bucungwa neza ku buryo burambye.

Imikoreshereze n’imicungire y’ubutaka izaba ishingiye ku gishushanyo mbonera rusange cy’imikoreshereze n’imitunganyirize y’ubutaka kikazajya kivugururwa mu bijyanye n’imitunganyirize y’ubutaka, imiturire, iterambere ry’imijjyi n’ibikorwa remezo.

Muri urwo rwego, 70 % by’abaturage bo mu cyaro bazaba batuye mu midugudu itunganyije kandi ifite ibikorwa remezo by’ibanze bizatuma imibereho myiza y’abaturage n’imirimo itari iy’ubuhinzi irushaho gutera imbere. Imijyi y’u Rwanda izaba itunganyije neza, utujagari twaracitse, igipimo cy’ubukure bw’imijyi cyavuye ku 10 % kigagera kuri 30 %. Abaturage bakoresha ubutaka mu bikorwa by’ubuhinzi bazaba bagabanutse kuva kuri 90% kugera kuri 50% hanashakishwa indi mirimo ibatunga.

Gukoresha no gucunga neza umutungo kamere w’ubutaka kugeza mu mwaka wa 2020 bizaba bigengwa n’amategeko yanditse kandi asobanutse, ibi bikazatuma Abanyarwanda bagera ku majyambere arambye kandi batarangwamo amakimbirane akomoka ku butaka. Ibibanza n’amasambu bizaba bipimye, byanditswe kuri ba nyirabyo, barabiherewe ibyangombwa n’ibiro by’ubutaka bizaba biri muri buri Karere n’Umujyi. Mu cyerekezo cy’umwaka wa 2020, ubutaka buzaba bugengwa n’amategeko yanditse aha ubutaka agaciro, aha uburenganzira n’umutekano ba nyirabwo kandi abaha inshingano yo kubufata neza utabikoze akabihanirwa.

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2.2 INGAMBA ZO KUGABANYA UBUKENE Kurwanya ubukene bisobanura muri rusange guteza imbere ubukungu mu nzego ntuburamusaruro zose ndetse no guteza imbere imibereho myiza y’abaturage. Mu gihe bizwi ko 91% by’Abanyarwanda batunzwe n’imirimo y’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi, kandi kimwe n’ibikorwa remezo bitandukanye nk’imihanda, amavuriro, amashuri, imiyoboro y’amazi n’amashanyarazi n’ibindi byose akaba ari bwo bikorerwaho, ntawavuga ko arwanya ubukene adakoresha neza ubutaka. Kubera ko ubutaka bufite uruhare rukomeye cyane muri gahunda yo kurwanya ubukene, Leta y’u Rwanda yiyemeje kuvugurura imikoreshereze, imicungire n’imitunganyirize yabwo kugira ngo bubyazwe umusaruro utubutse, Abanyarwanda bihaze mu biribwa , basagurire amasoko, babone amafaranga yo kwiteza imbere: kwikenura mu bikoresho bitandukanye, kujya mu mashyirahamwe y’ubwisungane mu buvuzi, kuriha amashuri y’abana babo n’ibindi. Guha agaciro ubutaka kugira ngo ubutunze bumubere umutungo uhamwe wamufasha kwikura mu bukene (kubutangaho ingwate muri banki, kubukodesha no kububyaza umusaruro). Gufatanya n’izindi nzego bireba mu gikorwa cyo kurwanya isuri kuko ariyo nzitizi ikomeye ijyanye n’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka.

2.3 Ingamba z’Igihugu mu ishoramari Ubutaka nk’umutungo ukomeye mu mibereho y’Abanyarwanda ni ngombwa ko bushorwamo imari igaragara kugira ngo bubyazwe umusaruro utubutse. Kugira ngo ibi bigerweho, Leta y’u Rwanda yafashe ingamba yo kubuhesha agaciro no kubwandika kuri ba nyirabwo. Mu rwego rw’ubutaka, abikorera ku giti cyabo bagomba gukangurirwa gushora imari mu bikorwa byo gufata neza ubutaka, gutunganya ibishanga, kububyaza umusaruro binyuze mu bikorwa bitandukanye harimo ubuhinzi, inganda, amahoteli n’ibindi. Amategeko agamije guteza imbere ishoramari yubahiriza gutunga ubutaka nta vangura rishingiye ku bwenegihugu no ku gitsina.

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2.4. GAHUNDA YA GUVERINOMA Y’IMYAKA IRINDWI

Gahunda ya Guverinoma y’u Rwanda mu rwego rw’ubutaka izibanda kuri ibi bikurikira:

Gushyiraho Itegeko Ngenga rigena Imikoreshereze n’Imitunganyirize y’Ubutaka n’andi mategeko n’amateka arishamikiyeho; uburenganzira, inshingano n’ibihano ku baziteshutseho bigasobanuka;

Gukora Igishushanyo Mbonera cy’imikoreshereze n’imitunganyirize y’ubutaka bw’u Rwanda no kucyubahiriza;

Kwihutisha ishyirwaho ry’ibishushanyo mbonera by’imijyi yose y’Igihugu n’iby’ibikorwa remezo;

Gushyiraho Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’imikoreshereze n’imicungire y’ubutaka;

Kwemeza gahunda zo gutuza abantu mu midugudu iboneye kandi ifite ibyangombwa by’ibanze by’amajyambere, bigashyirwa mu ngengo y’imari;

Gutunganya ibishanga hubahirizwa amategeko arengera ibidukikije;

Kubaka ubushobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze zizaba zishinzwe imicungire y’ubutaka mu rwego rwo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi.

2.5 INTEGO MU RWEGO RW’AMAJYAMBERE MPUZAMAHANA

Kwita ku mutungo kamere w’ubutaka hitaweho uburenganzira bungana abantu babufiteho haba ab’ibisekuru byahise, ibiriho ubu n’ibizaza ni inshingano u Rwanda rugomba gufatanya n’Ibihugu by’amahanga byiyemeje gufata neza, gukoresha no gucunga neza umutungo kamere w’ubutaka, kuwubyaza umusaruro ku buryo burambye no kuvugurura imikoreshereze n’imitunganyirize yabwo. Mu rwego rw’ubutaka, u Rwanda kandi rwishyize hamwe n’ibindi Bihugu ndetse n’imiryango mpuzamahanga mu mugambi wo kurwanya ubugunduke bw’ubutaka no kurengera amabanga y’imisozi ihanamiye ikibaya cy’uruzi rw’Akagera. Ku rwego mpuzamahanga na none u Rwanda ni kimwe mu Bihugu by’Isi bigize umuryango mpuzamahanga wo gupima, kwandika no gukora amakarita y’ubutaka, rukaba rwariyemeje gutanga umusanzu ngarukamwaka muri uwo muryango.

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Guhuza amategeko n’ay’ibindi Bihugu ku rwego rw’Akarere (COMESA, East African Community, ...) kugira ngo byoroshye ubuhahirane. Kubahiriza intego ya karindwi (7) ya MDGs (Intego z’Amajyambere y’Ikinyagihumbi) ku bijyanye no kurengera ibidukikije, kuzamura imibereho y’abaturage, kuvugurura utujagari n’ibereho y’abadutuyemo no guha abaturage umutekano ku butaka.

III. IMITERERE Y’UBUTAKA MU RWANDA

3.1 IBIBAZO BYIHARIYE Mu Rwanda, ibibazo bishingiye ku butaka ni byinshi kandi biratandukanye. Hari ibiterwa n’imiterere y’ubutaka muri rusange, ibiterwa n’ubukungu n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage n’ibiterwa n’amateka na politiki byaranze Igihugu cyacu. Ibyo bibazo bikubiye mu ngingo zikurikira: (i) Ubucucike bukabije bw’abaturage butajyanye n’umutugo w’ubutaka Ubu Abanyarwanda babarirwa muri 8.128.553 (MINECOFIN, Ugushyingo 2003) ku buryo ikigereranyo cy’ubutaka kuri buri muryango ari hegitari 0.60 mu gihe hari 25% by’abaturage bafite hasi ya hegitari 0.5 n’abandi benshi badafite na buto. Ubwo bucucike butuma habaho imikoreshereze mibi y’ubutaka bituma habaho isuri ikabije n’igabanuka ry’uburumbuke. (ii) Ikendera ry’umutungo kamere n’igunduka ry’ubutaka Bitewe n’imiterere kamere y’Igihugu cyigizwe n’imisozi miremire hamwe na hamwe ubutaka bukaba bworoshye, ubutaka bushobora kwangirika mu buryo bworoshye bukaba bwugarijwe n’isuri ku buryo bukabije. Nk’uko byavuzwe haruguru, ubwiyongere bw’abaturage bwatumye habaho imikoreshereze ikabije y’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima. Amashyamba yaragabanutse cyane ndetse n’ibyanya bikomye birasatirwa hashakishwa ubutaka bwo guhinga no guturaho (pariki, amashyamba cyimeza, ibishanga,...)

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(iii) Kuba hatarabayeho amategeko mu gihe agena imicungire myiza y’ubutaka n’irengerwa ry’umutungo kamere

Imicungire y’ubutaka mu Rwanda igengwa mu buryo bubiri :

Uburyo bushingiye ku muco ari nabwo bugenga ubutaka bwo mu cyaro muri rusange. Ibi bifite uruhare rukomeye mu ikatagurwa rikabije ry’amasambu kubera itangwa ry’iminani n’izungura ry’imitungo hagati y’abana n’ababyeyi babo bituma ubutaka bugera aho buba buto cyane ku buryo budashobora kubyazwa umusaruro uhagije.

Amategeko yanditse mu bitabo agenga cyane cyane ubutaka bwo mu mijyi

n’ubundi bwo mu cyaro bufitwe n’amadini, amashyirahamwe cyangwa abantu ku giti cyabo.

Ubu buryo bw’imicungire y’ubutaka no kutabaho kw’amategeko aha uburenganzira bungana Abanyarwanda byatumye habaho imikoreshereze mibi y’ubutaka no kutabuha agaciro bukwiye mu rwego rw’ubukungu. (iv) Uruhare rwa politiki n’umuco mu micungire y’ubutaka Kuva mu 1959, ubutaka bwabaye isoko y’amakimbirane akomeye hagati y’abaturage kubera impamvu za politiki n’ubuyobozi bubi, akaba ari nabwo habaye impunzi za mbere zahunze zigata amasambu n’indi mitungo itimukanwa yazo. Ubwo butaka bwahawe abaturage bamwe na Leta abandi barabwigabiza. Nyuma ya Jenoside yo muri 1994, habayeho itahuka ry’izo mpunzi za kera bituma habaho uruhurirane rw’abaturage bisanga bafite uburenganzira ku butaka bumwe. Mu muco nyarwanda, ubutaka bucungwa n’umugabo kandi uburenganzira bwo kubutunga bugahererekanywa hagati y’umugabo n’abana be b’abahungu. Abakobwa bo nta burenganzira bagira bwo kuzungura ababyeyi babo ku bijyanye n’ubutaka bw’umuryango. Uwo muco ntiwatumaga umugore agira uburenganzira bwo gutunga ubutaka kuko no mu gihe yabaga apfakaye yagombaga gutegereza ko abana be b’abahungu bakura kugira ngo abone uburenganzira ku mirima y’umuryango. Ibi binyuranyije n’ihame riri mw’Itegeko Nshinga tugenderaho ritanga uburenganzira bungana ku baturarwanda imbere y’amategeko no ku mitungo.

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3.2 Imbogamizi n’ibyafasha gushyira politiki y’ubutaka mu bikorwa

(i) Imbogamizi

Politiki y’imyororokere itarashinga imizi mu baturage; Imihingire idahwitse no kutitabira gahunda zo gufata neza ubutaka; Ingufu zishyirwa mu bikorwa byo gutera amashyamba ni nkeya

ugereranyije n’ikoreshwa ry’amashyamba;

Kuba kugeza ubu nta bishushanyo mbonera n’amakarita bigaragaza imiterere y’ubutaka n’ibigomba kubukorerwaho bihari;

Kuba abakoresha ubutaka nta bumenyi n’ubushobozi bihagije bafite byabafasha gufata neza ubutaka no kubukoresha neza;

Kutagira impuguke mu by’ubutaka zihagije zafasha mu kwigisha abaturage tekiniki zitandukanye zo gufata neza ubutaka no kububyaza umusaruro utubutse;

Kutamenya no kutubahiriza amategeko, amateka n’amabwiriza ajyanye no gukoresha neza ubutaka;

Kuba nta rwego rwihariye ruhuriza hamwe ibikorwa bijyanye n’imikoreshereze, imicungire n’imenyekanishabumenyi mu by’ubutaka.

(ii) Ibyafasha gushyira mu bikorwa politiki y’ubutaka

Kuba Guverinoma y’u Rwanda ifite ubushake bwo guteza imbere ubukungu n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage, ikaba yaranashyizeho icyerekezo gitanga umurongo w’uko umutungo w’ubutaka wakoreshwa ;

Kuba politiki yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi yaragiyeho bikazafasha mu bikorwa by’imikoreshereze n’imicungire y’ubutaka;

Kuba harashyizweho Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ishoramari gishinzwe gushaka no

gukangurira abanyemari kuyishora mu butaka ;

Kuba haremejwe politiki n’itegeko birengera ibidukikije mu Rwanda, ivugururwa rya politiki n’amategeko y’amashyamba, amazi na mine;

Ihurizwa hamwe ry’ibikorwa bireba imicungire y’umutungo kamere muri

Minisiteri imwe.

3.3. Amahame ya politiki y’ubutaka Ubutaka ni umwe mu mitungo ifite agaciro ntagereranywa kuko mu buzima ntacyabusimbura, by’umwihariko mu Rwanda, ni inkingi ikomeye y’umusaruro n’imibereho ya buri munsi. Nyamara, ubwo bukungu bushobora kurubera

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impfabusa cyane kubera imiterere yabwo, ubutoya bwabwo n’ibikorwa bya muntu bibukorerwaho mu buryo butanoze. Birumvikana ko uburyo bucungwa, uko bukoreshwa n’uko bubyazwa umusaruro ari byo bigomba kuzamura ubukungu bw’Igihugu n’imibereho myiza y’abaturarwanda bose. Kubera iyo mpamvu, izo ngamba rusange zigomba kuba ari zo ziyobora politiki y’Igihugu igena imicungire n’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka. (i) Ubutaka ni umutungo rusange w’Abanyarwanda bose,

abakurambere, abariho ubu n’abo mu gihe kizaza. Imicungire y’uwo mutungo igomba kuba inshingano ya buri wese. Niyo mpamvu Leta igomba gukomeza guteza imbere ubukungu no gushyigikira gahunda yo kubungabunga ibidukikije yerekana n’uko abakoresha ubutaka bagomba kubyifatamo. Leta kandi niyo igomba kubucunga ku nyungu za bose izirikana ibyifuzo by’abariho n’abo mu gihe kizaza. (ii) Hashingiwe ku buringanire bw’abaturage nk’uko biteganywa

n’Itegeko Nshinga, Abanyarwanda bose bafite uburenganzira bungana bwo kubona ubutaka.

Hashingiwe kuri iryo hame, umugore, ufite umugabo cyangwa utamufite, ntashobora kuvutswa uburenganzira bwo gushaka ubutaka, kubuhabwa no kubwicungira nk’uko n’urubyaro rw’igitsina gore rutagomba guhezwa mu itangwa ry’iminani n’izungura ry’ubutaka bw’umuryango.

(iii) Imicungire y’ubutaka igomba gutanga icyizere ku babutunze. Kwandikisha ubutaka n’igikorwa cya ngombwa kigomba gukorwa n’abaturarwanda bose. Ibi biha umutekano ba nyirabwo bikanafasha cyane mu gucyemura amakimbirane ajyanye n’ubutaka. Iki gikorwa kizunganirwa n’ishyirwaho ry’uburyo bunoze bw’imicungire y’ubutaka mu mijyi no mu byaro kandi bibuheshe agaciro. (iv) Kugaragaza ibiberanye n’ubutaka ubu n’ubu no kumenya amakuru arebana n’ubutaka ni ikintu cy’ibanze mu micungire no mu

mikoreshereze iboneye y’ubutaka nk’ishingiro ry’ubukungu n’ibuzima.

Imikoreshereze n’imicungire y’ubutaka bigomba gushingira ku bwoko bw’ubutaka nk’uko bwagaragajwe n’ibishushanyo mbonera bitandukanye n’amakarita y’imitunganyirize y’ubutaka.

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(v) Uburyo bw’imicungire n’imikoreshereze by’ubutaka byatandukanywa n’uko bumwe ari ubutaka bwo mu mijyi ubundi bukaba ubwo mu cyaro.

Amategeko agomba kwerekana imicungire n’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka bw’icyaro n’ubw’umujyi. (vi) Hari uduce dufitiye Igihugu akamaro, ariko dufite ubutaka bwangirika vuba bugomba kurindwa.

Habarirwa mu butaka bugomba kurindwa ibyanya bikomye nka za pariki, amashyamba kimeza, ibishanga n’inkengero z’ibiyaga n’imigezi mu ntera ya metero ziteganywa n’amategeko. (vii) Imicungire iboneye y’ubutaka igomba kugaragaza gahunda

y’imikoreshereze yabwo hateganywa na gahunda y’imiturire n’ihuzwa ry’udusambu duto duto kugira ngo haboneke isambu igaragara yabyazwa umusaruro.

(viii) Amategeko aboneye afasha mu gushyira mu bikorwa Politiki

y’Igihugu igenga ubutaka.

Gushyiraho Itegeko Ngenga rigena imicungire n’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka mu Rwanda n’andi mategeko n’amateka azatuma iyi politiki ishyirwa mu bikorwa kandi ikubahirizwa ku buryo bworoshye n’abakoresha ubutaka.

3.4. ICYEREKEZO RUSANGE CYA POLITIKI Y’UBUTAKA Gucunga ubutaka no kubukoresha neza ku buryo butanga icyizere mw’iterambere ry’ubukungu n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage kandi bikageza u Rwanda ku majyambere arambye.

3.5. INSHINGANO URWEGO RW’UBUTAKA RWIHAYE Gushyiraho uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha ubutaka no gukora ku buryo ubukungu bwose buturuka ku butaka bw’Igihugu bwandikwa bukanabikwa neza no ku buryo hakurikizwa amategeko n’imicungire myiza y’ubutaka.

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3.6. INTEGO ZA POLITIKI Y’UBUTAKA

(i) Intego rusange Mu rwego rw’iterambere rirambye kandi ribereye Igihugu cyacu, intego rusange ya politiki y’igihugu igenga ubutaka ni ugushyiraho imicungire y’ubutaka inogeye rubanda hagamijwe imikoreshereze iboneye yabwo.

(ii) Intego zihariye

Gushyiraho ingamba ziha uburenganzira n’umutekano bisesuye ku bantu bose bakoresha ubutaka nta vangura;

Gushyiraho ingamba zihagarika gukatagura amasambu, hagashyigikirwa uburyo bwo kuyegeranya kugira ngo birusheho gutanga umusaruro utubutse ;

Gushyiraho ingamba zituma ubutaka bugira agaciro mu bukungu mu rwego rwo guteza imbere imibereho myiza, ubukungu n’iterambere ry’Igihugu ;

Gushyiraho ubufatanye hagati y’inzego zishinzwe ubutaka kugira ngo

buhabwe agaciro gahamye gashingiye ku bukungu bw’ubuhahirane ;

Guteza imbere ubushakashatsi no guteganya amahugurwa ahoraho y’abaturage ku nshingano n’uburenganzira bya buri wese mu micungire y’ubutaka n’ihanahana ryabwo ;

Gushyiraho gahunda yihariye igenga imicungire myiza y’ubutaka.

IV. INGAMBA ZA POLITIKI Y’UBUTAKA MURI MAKE Iki gika kiribanda ku ngamba z’ingenzi zigaragaza uburyo bwo guhererekanya ubutaka, kubukoresha no kubucunga neza no kubuhesha agaciro, harimo kubutunganya, kububyaza umusaruro, kubukodesha ndetse no kubugurisha bibaye ngomwa. Izo ngamba ni izi zikurikira:

(i) Gushyiraho uburyo bunoze bwo guhererekanya ubutaka (Kubutanga no kubuhabwa). Imitungire y’ubutaka yumvikana nk’uburyo bwose cyangwa inzira zinyurwamo kugira ngo umuntu ahabwe ubutaka bubarirwe mu mutungo we: Ubukonde, umurage, kugaba, kugurisha, gutangwa cyangwa kugurwa;

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(iii) Gushyiraho amategeko agenga imicungire y’ubutaka kugira ngo hashyigikirwe iterambere ry’ubukungu n’amajyambere arambye ;

(iv) Gushakira abambuwe ubutaka kubera impamvu za politiki n’abandi

bose batabufite aho batura ;

(v) Kugaragaza ubutaka buri mu mutungo rusange n’uburi mu mutungo bwite wa Leta;

(vi) Gutandukanya imicungire y’ubutaka bwo mu mijyi no mu cyaro.

Gutandukanya ubu butaka bishingira ku murimo, uko buzatangwa n’uko buzakoreshwa;

(vii) Gushimangira no gushyira mu bikorwa politiki y’isaranganya

ry’amasambu aho bishoboka hose mu Turere tw’u Rwanda ; (viii) Kwandika ubutaka bwose bw’Igihugu mu bitabo byabugenewe no

gutanga impapuro mpamo ku batunze ubutaka; (ix) Gushyiraho Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe imikoreshereze, imicungire

n’ikusanyamakuru rishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga mu by’ubutaka; (x) Gushyiraho komisiyo z’ubutaka ku rwego rw’Igihugu, Intara n’Uturere; (xi) Gushyiraho ibiro by’abashinzwe gupima, kwandika no kubika impapuro

mpamo z’ubutaka; (xii) Gushyiraho gahunda ihamye y’imiturire itunganyijwe neza kandi

ishingiye ku biteganywa n’amategeko ajyanye n’imitunganyirize y’ubutaka, mu cyaro abantu bagatuzwa mu midugudu naho mu mijyi bagatuzwa hakurikijwe ibishushanyo mbonera, imiturire yo mu kajagari ikavugururwa;

(xiii) Gushyiraho amategeko asobanutse mu bijyanye no kwimura abantu

kubera imirimo rusange ifitiye Igihugu akamaro, uwimurwa akagenerwa inyungu ikwiye nk’uko biteganywa n’Itegeko Nshinga;

(xiv) Gushyiraho no gushyigikira abakora umwuga wo gupima, kwandika

ibibanza no gukora ibaruramutungo;

(xv) Gukangurira abaturage kubahiriza ibishushanyo mbonera;

(xvi) Gukurikirana no kugenzura ibikorwa bijyanye n’imicungire n’ikoreshereze y’ubutaka n’iyubahirizwa ry’ibishushanyo mbonera;

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(xvii) Kuvugurura imikoreshereze n’imicungire y’ubutaka bikajyana n’imivugururire y’ubuhinzi.

V. GAHUNDA Y’IBIKORWA BY’URWEGO RW’UBUTAKA

(i) Gushyiraho politiki y’ubutaka n’itegeko rigena imicungire n’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka no kugenzura uko bishyirwa mu bikorwa;

(ii) Gushyiraho politiki n’amategeko agenga ibijyanye no kwimura abantu

kubera imirimo ifitiye Igihugu akamaro no gukurikirana uko bishyirwa mu bikorwa;

(iii) Gukora gahunda z’Igihugu z’imicungire y’ubutaka no kugenzura ko

zishyirwa mu bikorwa;

(iv) Kwandika no kubika impapuro mpamo z’ubutaka ku rwego rw’Igihugu ukuyemo Umujyi wa Kigali;

(v) Kuyobora no kugenzura imirimo yo gupima, kwandika no gutanga

ubutaka mu Gihugu hose;

(vi) Gucunga no gufata neza inyandiko zose zirebana n’ubutaka (Base de données);

(vii) Gushyiraho amabwiriza ajyanye no gutanga ibibanza, guha agaciro

ubutaka no kwandika inzobere muri iyo mirimo;

(viii) Gushyiraho amabwiriza anyuranye ajyane n’imikoreshereze n’imitunganyirize y’ubutaka no gukurikirana uko bishyirwa mu bikorwa;

(ix) Kugena gahunda y’ubufatanye n’ubutwerane n’imiryango nyarwanda

cyangwa mpuzamahanga ikora ibikorwa birebana n’ubutaka ku nyungu za Minisiteri y’Ubutaka;

(x) Guhugura no gushishikariza urubyiruko, abari n’abategarugori kugira

uruhare rugaragara mu bijyane no gufata neza ubutaka, kubukoresha neza no kububyaza umusaruro;

(xi) Kuvugurura igihe cyose bibaye ngombwa amategeko arebana

n’ubutaka;

(xii) Guhugura abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze, abakozi bashinzwe iby’ubutaka ndetse n’abaturage ku birebana n’ubutaka;

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(xiii) Gutegura ibiganiro mpaka no gutanga ibiganiro kuri radiyo ku bijyanye n’ubutaka;

(xiv) Gutegura no gukora ingendoshuri mu Bihugu byateye imbere mu byo

gukoresha neza, kwandika no gucunga ubutaka hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga.

IV. INZEGO ZISHINZWE GUSHYIRA MU BIKORWA POLITIKI Y’UBUTAKA

Gushyira mu bikorwa politiki y’ubutaka birareba inzego zinyuranye za Leta n’ibigo bizishamikiyeho, imiryango mpuzamahanga, imiryango yo mu Gihugu idaharanira inyungu, abikorera ku giti cyabo, abaterankunga n’inzego z’ibanze.

URWEGO ICYO RUSHINZWE MINAGRI Gufata neza ubutaka no kububyaza umusaruro binyuze mu

mirimo y’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi.

MINALOC Gushishikariza abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze n’abatuage kugira uruhare mu gukoresha no gufata neza ubutaka baburwanyaho isuri ku buryo bufatika.

MININFRA Gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda yo gutura mu midugudu mu cyaro, gukora ibishushanyo mbonera by’imijyi no gukora imihanda yafasha ababyaza ubutaka umusaruro kuwugeza ku masoko.

MINICOM Guteza imbere amashyirahamwe y’abahinzi n’aborozi no gucunga neza ubutaka bw’ibyanya bikomye

MININTER Binyuze ku rwego rwa Polisi, gufata abangiza ubutaka ikabashyikiriza inzego z’ubutabera no kwimakaza umutekano mu bakoresha ubutaka.

MINECOFIN Guteganya ingengo y’imari igenewe ibikorwa byo gufata neza ubutaka no guhuza ibikorwa by’abaterankunga mu by’ubutaka

MINIJUST Kugira uruhare mu gutegura amategeko n’amateka agena imikoreshereze n’imicungire y’ubutaka ndetse no gukemura amakimbirane ku butaka binyuze mu nkiko.

MIGEPROF Gukangurira abari, abategarugori n’abagabo gukoresha neza ubutaka no kubufata neza.

MINEDUC Gushyira abanyeshuri benshi muri za kaminuza zigisha ibyerekeye imicungire n’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka.

MIFOTRA Gushyira mu myanya abakozi bashinzwe ubutaka no kubongerera ubushobozi binyuze mu mahugurwa.

INZEGO Z’IBANZE

Kwandika no gutanga ubutaka bw’imusozi, gusinyira sous couvert (binyujijwe) abasaba ubutaka bw’ibishanga no gukemura impaka cyangwa ibibazo by’ubutaka.

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LAND CENTRE Gukurikirana imicungire, imikoreshereze y’ubutaka, ikusanya n’isakazamakuru hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga.

REMA Gushyiraho ibipimo-ngenderwaho byo kugenzura ko ubutaka bufashwe neza.

RIEPA Gushakisha no gukangurira Abanyarwanda n’abanyamahanga gushora imari mu butaka.

UNR Kwigisha ibijyanye no gucunga no gukoresha ubutaka.

ISAR Gukora ubushakashatsi ku butaka n’ibihingwa biberanye na bwo.

VII. UMWANZURO

Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Politiki y’Ubutaka rigomba kuyoborwa n’amahame asobanutse kandi yumvikanyweho nk’uko yagaragajwe muri iyi nyandiko. Mu ncamake ni aya akurikira:

(i) Uburenganzira ku mutungo w’ubutaka bugomba kujyana n’inshingano kugira ngo bihamye kubuhesha agaciro kuko ari umutungo rusange w’ibisekuruza byahise, iby’ubu n’ibizaza;

(ii) Hakurikijwe amahame y’Itegeko Nshinga y’uburinganire hagati

y’abenegihugu bose, Abanyarwanda bose bafite uburenganzira bungana bwo kubona ubutaka nta vangura iryo ari ryo ryose;

(iii) Imitungire y’ubutaka n’imitunganyirize yabwo bigomba guhamya

umutekano w’ubutaka ku babufite n’uburenganzira bwabo kandi bagasabwa kubuhesha agaciro gakwiye;

(iv) Imikoreshereze n’imicungire myiza y’ubutaka, igomba gushingira ku

bwoko bw’ubutaka nk’uko bigaragazwa n’ibishushanyo mbonera binyuranye n’amakarita agaragaza uko bukurikirana mu gaciro n’imitunganyirize yabwo;

(v) Uburyo bw’imicungire n’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka, bizatandukanywa

bitewe n’uko ari ubutaka bwo mu mujyi, ubwo mu cyaro, bubarirwamo ubwo ku misozi, ubwo mu bishanga n’ubutaka bwakomwe;

(vi) Imicungire myiza y’ubutaka igomba gushingira ku igenamigambi

ry’imikoreshereze myiza, bihereye mu gutunganya neza imiturire no gushyigikira ibikorwa byo guhuza amasambu kugira ngo arusheho gukoreshwa neza kandi atange umusaruro utubutse;

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(vii) Uburyo bwo kugurisha no guhanahana ubutaka byongera agaciro kabwo kandi bigatuma burushaho gukoreshwa neza bikongera umusaruro. Bituma na none abashora imari mu butaka baba benshi kandi kimwe n’abandi bose babukoresha bagashobora kugena agaciro k’umusaruro babonye;

(viii) Ibishushanyo mbonera n’amakarita by’ubutaka ni ingenzi kugira ngo

haboneke, handikishwe kandi hasesengurwe neza amakuru nyakuri yuzuye ku mutungo w’ubutaka;

(ix) Uburyo bw’imiturire iboneye yubahirije amategeko n’ibishushanyo

mbonera ni uburyo bwo guca akajagari mu mijyi no kongera ubuso bw’ubutaka buhingwaho mu cyaro.

Igihe cyose umutungo w’ubutaka uzaba ari ishingiro ry’amajyambere, ubukungu n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage, gushyira mu bikorwa Politiki y’Igihugu y’Ubutaka ni byo musingi wo kuvugurura imicungire n’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka byatuma amajyambere rusange kandi arambye mu Gihugu agerwaho. Kugaragaza ibibazo bijyanye n’imicungire n’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka no kubisobanukirwa neza kuri buri wese ni intambwe y’ingenzi yo kugerageza kubikemura. Politiki y’Ubutaka igiweho inama kandi iteguye neza, izagira uruhare rukomeye mu kwimakaza umuco w’amahoro, ubutabera, ubumwe n’ubwiyunge bw’Abanyarwanda bajahajwe na Jenoside yo mu w’ 1994. Izagira akamaro kandi mu nzira Guverinoma y’Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda yatangiye yo kugabanya ubukene mu Gihugu. Mu gusobanura neza no koroshya uburyo bwo kubona no guhabwa ubutaka kandi hashyigikirwa Politiki y’Igihugu y’Ubutaka n’itegeko ry’ubutaka, u Rwanda ruzaba rwubatse umuryango ushobora guhangana n’ibibazo by’ingutu biriho ubu no mu gihe kizaza.