Politics in PakistanPak-Studies: Group Presentation

Group Members: M. Saad Hussain M. Seerat Nawaz Mirza Waqar Baig Tayyab Hussain Syed Daud Wasti

History - TimelineSyed Daud Wasti

After Dead of Quaid, Sep 11, 1948.

After Dead of Liaquat Ali Khan, Oct 16, 1951 and Nazimuddin became the next Prime Minister.

The dismissal of Sir Khawaja, the Prime Minister, by the Governor-General, Ghulam Muhammad, signaled a troubling trend in Pakistani political history.

Major General (Retd.) Iskandar Mirza who forced Mohammad Ali Bogra to resign in 1955.

After Ch. Muhammad Ali resign in 1956.

Hussein Shaheed Suhrawardy resigned from his Premiership in 1957

Iskander Mirza exploited the differences between the parties and thus made Ismail an easy victim as he remained Prime Minister for only two months and therefore could not give any practical shape to his program.

PPP won

PML-J won

1st General ElectionElection Date: Oct, 1970Total Seats: 300Turnout: 63%

2nd General ElectionElection Date: 7 Mar, 1977Total Seats: 200Turnout: 63%PPP won but Marshal law was Imposed.

PPP won

PML-N won

PPP won

PML-N won

4th General ElectionTotal Seats: 237Turnout: 43%5th General ElectionTotal Seats: 237Turnout: 45.5%

6th General ElectionTotal Seats: 237Turnout: 41%7th General ElectionTotal Seats: 237Turnout: 35%

After Dead of Zai ul Haq. After Farooq

Leghari's resignation in 1997

President02 Dec - ResignFarooq Leghari

PML-Q Won but still Musharaf was President

PPPP won

8th General ElectionTotal Seats: 237Turnout: 41%9th General ElectionTotal Seats: 342Turnout: 63%

ConstitutionsSaad Hussain

Constitution of 1956

British Empires divided British India into two Pakistan and India. Adopted on 29 February 1956 Enforced on 23 March 1956 Contained 234 Articles divided into thirteen parts and six an schedules. Governor General Iskander Mirza was assumed as a President of Pakistan.

Features

The Objectives Resolution, the preamble of the Constitution.

Country was declared an Islamic Republic of Pakistan

President must be Muslim of at least 40 years of age.

The Constitution of 1956 provided unicameral legislature.

National Assembly was to consist of 300 members. Minimum age of 21 was allowed to vote in the

elections. Urdu and Bengali, State Language and English,

Official Language for first 25 years

Constitution of 1962 Shahabuddin Commission, 17

Feb 1960. Promulgated by President

Ayyub on 1st March, 1962. Came into effect on 8th June,

1962. Contained 250 articles divided

into 12 parts and 5 Schedules.

Features

Pakistan was renamed as "Republic of Pakistan". The President was to be a Muslim not less than 35

years of age and could , not held more than two consecutive teams.

The National Assembly was to consist of 156 members, later increased to 218 members.

The system of indirect presidential elections was presented.

President owned the "Right of Veto". The President had the power to dissolve the National

Assembly..

Constitution of 1973 "Constitution accord" 17 Oct 1972. The National Assembly approved

the Constitution on April 10th, 1973.

Came into effect on 14th August 1973.

Contained 280 articles divided into 12 parts and 7 schedules.

Features

The Constitution named Pakistan as Islamic Republic of Pakistan.

Islam as the religion of the country. The President was to be Muslim at least 45 years

of age. The 1973 Constitution set up a bicameral

legislature. Independence of Judiciary Method of Election

Major PartiesTayyab Hussain

Pakistan People Party

Political Party of Pakistan. Founded on Nov 30, 1967 by Z.A Bhutto. Chairperson:

Bilawal Bhutto Contest elections on the slogan of

"ROTI, KAPRA AUR MAKAN". Basic Principles of PPP:

Islam is our Faith Democracy is our Politics Socialism is our Economy All Power to the People

Won Election in 1970, 1977, 1988, 1993 , 2008.

Pakistan Muslim League - N Famous Political Party of Pakistan. Founded on 1993 by Mian Muhammad Nawaz

Sharif. Chairperson:

Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif Basic Principles of PML-N

Democracy is our Politics Independent Judiciary and the Rule of Law. Improvement in Education System Industry and Trade (Economical Improvement)

Won Election in 1990, 1997 and 2013.

Pakistan Muslim League - Q

Political Party of Pakistan. Founded on 2002 by Mian Azhar Chairperson:

Ch. Shujat Hussain Basic Principles of PML-Q

Live and Let Live. Tolerance and harmony. Ensuring justice and freedom of expression. Dignity of the common citizen Protection and promotion of the rights of Women. Protection of the rights of minorities.

Won Election in 2002.

Muhajir Qaumi Movement

Founded on 1984 by Altaf Hussain. In 1997, MQM became Muthidda Qaumi Movement

instead of Muhajir Qaumi Movement. Chairperson:

Altaf Husain Basic Principles of MQM

Improvement in Education Reduce Poverty and Unemployment Agricultural reforms Healthcare system is a right of every Pakistani

regardless of his/her income level and social status.

Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf Founded on 1996 by Imran Khan. PTI is one of the three major political parties

of Pakistan, along with PPP and PML-N. Motto : “Insaf, Insaniyat aur khud itmadi” Chairperson:

Imran Khan Basic Principles of PTI

Government with Merit. Resources of the country belong to the people of the

country and will be used for their progress and development.

Primary Health care for the poor and elderly will be free.

Problems of Pakistani Politics

Mirza Waqar Baig

Issue Based Politics

Personality vs. Issues = Personality wins!!!

PAKISTAN is a nation desperately in need of heroes.

Our politicians dissimulate, our cricketers disappoint, and our celebrities self-destruct.

Core issues were always neglected Non-existence of proactive policies to solve the

basic problems Lack of responsibility showed by the political

parties.

FeudalismGarbage In = Garbage Out

Majority of the Politicians belong to this category

Lack of Interaction with the common man

Leads to lack of development in rural areas

Absence of a complete constitution, allowed the peoples with power to manipulate the political and constitutional institution, as they wanted.

Military takeoverAn Ever Itching Palm

Marshal law is a major factor of political destabilization.

It always leaves an uneven ground for the politicians.

Sometime, It is war done in the name of democracy against democracy.

AccountabilitySelective or wholistic???

Has always been biased throughout the history Independent NAB non-existent. Pakistan is not going to change until every

man in power take responsibility for his action. And Heavy regulation, poor security that

creates an unfavorable environment for foreign investment.

Democracy vs. Dictatorship in Pakistan

Seerat Nawaz

Democracy!!! People Elect their own

Government. They are ruled by the

people of their own choice.

A common person is considered as the Primary source of the elected Government.

Not One Man Show.

Dictatorship !!! A type of government in

which the whole governing body is controlled by a single individual or a single group of people.

Government in which a single personality govern all the authorities.

It has been proved unfriendly. One Man show.

Merits and Demerits Of DemocracyMerits Local Body Government in

which people are free to choose their rulers.

People have liberty of Speech. Public Questions are decided

by the will of majority. People get the chance to

change the governing bodies. Legal form of Government. People have the freedom to

choose their Head by the General Elections.

Demerits According to Napoleon, "Nine

people out of ten are fool". This cause the election of

some illegible persons. Corruption and bribery. Illiterate people sometimes

choose the people on caste and creed basis.

Expensive mode of government.

Merits and Demerits Of Dictatorship Merits More Stable Government Less room for Corruption. More efficient during

emergencies. Less crime rates. Things happening very quickly. More stronger economy than

democratic government. No politics ever.

Demerits The most unfriendly type of

government. People sometimes have not

the freedom to speak and express their views against the government.

People have to just follow the orders.

Military dictatorship is worst type of government.

In Pakistan, Democracy or the Dictatorship ??? From the inception of Pakistan, there has been the

conflictions between the military and civil leadership

For about 30 years in history, we have dictator leadership.

As Musharraf once said,“Democracy is an ineffective system for Pakistan as there are no checks and balances in the system and to counter such failures army has to act because people of Pakistan expected too much good from military.”

But Pakistan is still a democratic country.

Dictatorial leadership in PakistanAyub Khan's Rule (1958 - 1969) His regime is said to be Industrial and Reforms Era. Most developed decade in the History of Pakistan Capital was raised to Rs. 4.7 Billion and GDP was

raised to 6.8% His Dictatorial behavior rose rage of people against

himself He tried to overcome it by the use of power, that

leads to the separation of East Pakistan. Constitution of 1962 was launched by Ayub Khan in

which all the supreme authorities was owned by him. After the resignation, he handed the government to

General Yahiya Khan. Yahiya's policies against the East Pakistanis were the

formation of Bangladesh.

Zia-ul-Haq's leadership(1977 - 1988) Islamic Shariaah was enforced is his era. This was the era of cold war against USSR in

which Pakistan played a vital role. Zia assist Afghanis by Military as well as by finance.

Military was made more strong and efficient. Zia was able to stand against external pressures

on Nuclear Programs that were started by Z.A Bhutto.

Many new reforms were introduced that could lend benefits to common people.

Pakistan had highest GDP rate in the history in Zia era.

General Musharraf's leadership (1999 - 2008) After Zia, general elections were held

which allowed PPP to make government. This government could not exist for long

time as they were accused of corruption. Then came the era of Nawaz Shareef,

which too could not stand for a long. From 1988 to 1999, no government

could stand more than 3 years. This decade was said to be the failure of

democracy in Pakistan. At last Gen Mushrraf (COAS) suspended

the constitution and chose designation of Chief Executive of Pakistan for himself, dissolving the government.

From 2002 to 2008, again this was the era of dictator.

Telecom sector made a remarkable development.

GDP was raised to about 9%. His Policies and American

support by him lead the country towards the serious threads of Terrorism.

Dictatorial behavior of Musharraf caused the political opposition against him.

5.88 5.82

5.14 5.084.83

4.06

3.022.95

2.62

Comparing Democratic and Dictatorial Rule

Dictator's Rule

ECONOMIC GROWTH UNDER DIFFERENT RULERS

* Highest GDP rate was observed on Dictator’s Rule.

* Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the sum of consumption, investment, government spending and net exports. 

Ayub Khan and Zia's Eras are known as the Eras of development and peace.

Highest GDP rate was observed. Likewise, Unfortunately every democratic government

was blamed corrupt, and base of national as well as international disputes.

Democracy is legal type of government in which people elected from the citizens are offered to form the government.

but a dictator takes over the government when national disputes and confliction rises.

In the history dictatorial government has been proved to be the most economical and most administration leadership.

The reason is that, by the common person, some of the incompetent people are elected

They do not deserve to have the leadership.

So what should then we do ??? As democracy is the best form of government, so it

should be appreciated. Our duty is to nominate and elect the most

capable person. We should maintain a peaceful and administrative

atmosphere in the country, even if going to criticize the government over an issue.

We should maintain a cooperative atmosphere with the representatives of governments

Military and Law enforcement departments should ensure the fair and rigging-free elections in the country.

No one should have exemption facing the Judiciary. And Citizens should have awareness. In these ways we can have a better

democratic and peaceful atmosphere.

Conclusion Total 10 General Elections held in

Pakistan:o PPP won 5 times.o PML-N won 3 times.o PML-J won once.o PML-Q won once. Total 4 time Martial Law was imposed:o 1st Marshal Law (M. Ayub Khan - 1958)o 2nd Marshal Law (M. Yahya Khan -

1969)o 3rd Marshal Law (M. Zia-ul-Haq - 1977)o 4th Marshal Law (Pervez Musharaf -

1999)

Major Partieso PML-No PTIo PPP Constitution of

Pakistano Constitution of 1956o Constitution of 1962o Constitution of 1973 Democracy vs.

Dictatorship