Political Trends in the West during the 19 th Century Mr. Millhouse AP World History Hebron High...
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Transcript of Political Trends in the West during the 19 th Century Mr. Millhouse AP World History Hebron High...
Political Trends in the Political Trends in the West during the 19West during the 19thth CenturyCentury
Mr. MillhouseMr. Millhouse
AP World HistoryAP World History
Hebron High SchoolHebron High School
Introduction QuestionIntroduction Question
What events during the 18What events during the 18thth and and early 19early 19thth century would have an century would have an
influence on Western political influence on Western political systems?systems?
EnlightenmentEnlightenmentFrench RevolutionFrench RevolutionReign of NapoleonReign of Napoleon
Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution
NationalismNationalism
What is nationalism? What are What is nationalism? What are nation-states?nation-states?
Nationalism: Belief that people Nationalism: Belief that people should be loyal to their nation—should be loyal to their nation—
rather to a king or empirerather to a king or empireNation-State: An independent Nation-State: An independent
country of people having a country of people having a common culture or identitycommon culture or identity
NationalismNationalism
Most powerful political ideal of Most powerful political ideal of the 19the 19thth century century
Nationalism weakens multi-Nationalism weakens multi-national empiresnational empires– Austria-Hungary, Russia, & OttomanAustria-Hungary, Russia, & Ottoman
Nationalism creates new nationsNationalism creates new nations– Italy and GermanyItaly and Germany
Europe in 1800
Europe in 1900
Unification of ItalyUnification of Italy
After 1815 parts of Italy After 1815 parts of Italy were controlled by were controlled by Austria & SpainAustria & Spain
Nationalist leaders unify Nationalist leaders unify most of Italy by 1860most of Italy by 1860– Giuseppe MazziniGiuseppe Mazzini– Count Camillo di CavourCount Camillo di Cavour– Giuseppe GaribaldiGiuseppe Garibaldi
Faced several problems Faced several problems after unificationafter unification
Italy in 1800
Unification of GermanyUnification of Germany
German German nationalism nationalism sparked by sparked by Napoleonic warsNapoleonic wars
Otto von Bismarck Otto von Bismarck stages a series of stages a series of wars to unify wars to unify GermanyGermany
German German unification unification completed in 1871completed in 1871
Otto von Bismarck
Government ReformsGovernment Reforms
Changes in government functionsChanges in government functions– The Constitutional QuestionThe Constitutional Question– The Social QuestionThe Social Question
Beginning of the welfare stateBeginning of the welfare state– Social insurance (worker’s Social insurance (worker’s
compensation, unemployment, etc.)compensation, unemployment, etc.)– Symbolized extension of Symbolized extension of
government government
Reform MovementsReform Movements
Political Reform Political Reform MovementsMovements– UtilitarianismUtilitarianism– SocialismSocialism– CommunismCommunism
New Political PartiesNew Political Parties– SocialistsSocialists– CommunistsCommunists– LabourLabour
Karl Marx
Labor ReformLabor Reform
Labor unionsLabor unions– Unions use collective bargaining and Unions use collective bargaining and
strikes to push for reformsstrikes to push for reforms– Britain attempted to outlaw labor Britain attempted to outlaw labor
unionsunions Reform lawsReform laws
– Factory Act of 1833 – Child LaborFactory Act of 1833 – Child Labor– Mines Act of 1842 – Women and Mines Act of 1842 – Women and
children cannot work undergroundchildren cannot work underground
Democratic ReformsDemocratic Reforms
Great BritainGreat Britain– Reform Bill of Reform Bill of
18321832– Chartist Chartist
MovementMovement– Working class Working class
suffrage in 1867suffrage in 1867– Rural laborers in Rural laborers in
18841884
Feminist MovementsFeminist Movements
GoalsGoals– Sought legal and Sought legal and
economic rightseconomic rights– Women’s suffrageWomen’s suffrage
LeadershipLeadership– Middle class womenMiddle class women– Emmeline Emmeline
PankhurstPankhurst– Elizabeth Cady Elizabeth Cady
StantonStanton– Susan B. AnthonySusan B. Anthony
Stanton (seated) with Anthony
Feminist MovementsFeminist Movements
MethodsMethods– ProtestsProtests– Hunger strikesHunger strikes– Support for war Support for war
efforteffort AccomplishmentsAccomplishments
– GB: Women over 30 GB: Women over 30 gain right to vote in gain right to vote in 19181918
– US: 19US: 19thth Amendment (1920)Amendment (1920)