POLITICAL PARTIES. How do U.S. political parties differ from European parties? European voters are...
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Transcript of POLITICAL PARTIES. How do U.S. political parties differ from European parties? European voters are...
POLITICAL PARTIESPOLITICAL PARTIES
How do U.S. political parties How do U.S. political parties differ from European parties?differ from European parties?European voters are more loyalEuropean voters are more loyal
Federal system decentralizes powerFederal system decentralizes power
Parties regulated by state & federal lawsParties regulated by state & federal laws
Candidates are not chosen by party Candidates are not chosen by party leadersleaders
AlsoAlso– Unimportant in life – Americans do not join or Unimportant in life – Americans do not join or
pay duespay dues
The first political partiesThe first political parties
Founders disliked parties ( factions)Founders disliked parties ( factions)
Democratic- Republicans & FederalistsDemocratic- Republicans & Federalists– Begin with differing views of the constitution Begin with differing views of the constitution
and political notablesand political notables
Figure 7.3: Cleavages and Continuity in the Figure 7.3: Cleavages and Continuity in the Two-Party System (cont’d)Two-Party System (cont’d)
3. Discuss the reason for party decline3. Discuss the reason for party decline
Party loyalty has declinedParty loyalty has declined
Split-ticket voting*Split-ticket voting*
Increase in IndependentsIncrease in Independents
No longer sources of political No longer sources of political informationinformation
Figure 7.1: Decline in Party Identification, Figure 7.1: Decline in Party Identification,
1952-2000:1952-2000:
Source: National Election Studies, The Source: National Election Studies, The NES Guide to Public Opinion and Electoral NES Guide to Public Opinion and Electoral Behavior, 1952-2000, table 20.1.Behavior, 1952-2000, table 20.1.
Roles of Minor PartiesRoles of Minor Parties
Critics Critics
““Spoilers”Spoilers”
Ideas are often borrowed by Ideas are often borrowed by major partiesmajor parties
Types of Minor PartiesTypes of Minor Parties
1. Ideological parties – comprehensive 1. Ideological parties – comprehensive view of social, economic, and political view of social, economic, and political matters. Ex. – Libertarian & Socialist partymatters. Ex. – Libertarian & Socialist party
2. Single-issue party – concentrate on 2. Single-issue party – concentrate on one public-policy issue. Ex. – Right to Life one public-policy issue. Ex. – Right to Life PartyParty
3. Economic protest – Economic 3. Economic protest – Economic discontent Ex. – Populistdiscontent Ex. – Populist
4. Splinter parties – a party that has split 4. Splinter parties – a party that has split away from one of the major parties. Ex. – away from one of the major parties. Ex. – “Bull Moose” and American Independent“Bull Moose” and American Independent
Fundamental GoalFundamental Goal
To win electionsTo win elections
Why?Why?
To control governmentTo control government
DO THE PARTIES DIFFER?DO THE PARTIES DIFFER?
Democrats & RepublicansDemocrats & RepublicansDemocrats – Women, Union workers, Democrats – Women, Union workers, teachers, urban, African-American & teachers, urban, African-American & other minorities, Catholic & Jewsother minorities, Catholic & JewsIssues – Pro-choice, gov’t regulations Issues – Pro-choice, gov’t regulations on businesses and support social on businesses and support social welfare programswelfare programs
Republicans- white males, business Republicans- white males, business community, rural, Protestantscommunity, rural, Protestants
Issues – pro-life, lower taxes, and Issues – pro-life, lower taxes, and favor private market forces in the favor private market forces in the economyeconomy
What factors tend to influence What factors tend to influence ones choice in political ones choice in political parties?parties?
FamilyFamily
Major eventsMajor events
Economic statusEconomic status
Other Other
Table 7.2: Table 7.2: The Rise of Republican Politics in the The Rise of Republican Politics in the
South, 1956-2002South, 1956-2002
Table 7.3: Party Voting in Presidential Table 7.3: Party Voting in Presidential ElectionsElections
Critical ElectionsCritical Elections
Sharp and lasting shift in coalitionsSharp and lasting shift in coalitions
Major defeat of a party, and a new one Major defeat of a party, and a new one taking its placetaking its place
New issueNew issue
TWO-PARTY SYSTEMTWO-PARTY SYSTEM
RARE IN THE WORLDRARE IN THE WORLDU.S. SYSTEM - WHY?U.S. SYSTEM - WHY?HistoricalHistoricalThe force of TraditionThe force of TraditionBasic consensus on fundamental Basic consensus on fundamental mattersmattersElectoral system –Winner-take-allElectoral system –Winner-take-all
Map 7.1: The Election of 1828
Map 7.2: The Election of 1860Map 7.2: The Election of 1860
Map 7.3: The Election of 1896
Map 7.4: The Election of 1932
Table 7.4: Table 7.4: The Public The Public Rates the Rates the
Two PartiesTwo Parties
Table 7.5: How Party Delegates and Party Voters Table 7.5: How Party Delegates and Party Voters Differ in Liberal IdeologyDiffer in Liberal Ideology
Table 7.6: Political Opinions of Delegates and Table 7.6: Political Opinions of Delegates and VotersVoters
JournalJournal
Does a difference exist between the Does a difference exist between the Democratic and Republican parties? Democratic and Republican parties? Consider how the voters and candidates Consider how the voters and candidates differ on the issues.differ on the issues.
Two-Party System in Two-Party System in American HistoryAmerican History
Three Eras of single-party dominationThree Eras of single-party domination
Era of Democrats 1800-1860Era of Democrats 1800-1860
Era of Republicans 1860-1932Era of Republicans 1860-1932
Era of Democrats 1932-1968Era of Democrats 1932-1968
Era of Divided Gov’tEra of Divided Gov’t