Policy-based QoS Management
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Transcript of Policy-based QoS Management
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Engineering Internet QoS 1
Policy-based QoS Management
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Engineering Internet QoS 2
Outline
oTerminologiesoBandwidth BrokeroPolicy FrameworkoPolicy ProtocolsoCase studieso Internet2 and Qbone
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Engineering Internet QoS 3
Why PBM?
o New QoS architectures – Intserv, Diffservo Diverse application requirements and
service levelso End-end service over multiple domains
Needs contractual agreement
o Agreements need to be translated into actions Devices need to implement/enforce these
actions
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Engineering Internet QoS 4
Terminologies
o Service-level Agreement (SLA) Legal document Levels of availability, serviceability and
performance, ….
o Service-level Objective (SLO) Set of parameters and their values
derived from SLA
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Engineering Internet QoS 5
Terminologies (Contd)
o Service-level Specification (SLS) How to treat a customer’s traffic
• e.g. for Diffserv DSCP and associated PHB
May be included in SLA and its SLO
o Traffic Conditioning Agreement (TCA) Diffserv specific [RFC 2475] Classifier rules, traffic profiles and
metering, marking, discarding and/or shaping rules
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Engineering Internet QoS 6
Bandwidth Broker (BB)
o Bandwidth Broker – a logical entity Implementation may be domain specific
o Functions of BB Automate the process of SLS negotiation Admission control Resource management Network management
• Configuration of devices to provision QoS
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Engineering Internet QoS 7
BB in Diffserv
Reprinted with Permission from “Engineering Internet QoS - Jha & Hassan, Artech House Publishing, Norwood, MA, USA. www.artechhouse.com
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Engineering Internet QoS 8
Bandwidth Signaling
o No standard protocol so faro Simple interdomain bandwidth
broker signaling protocol (SIBBS) under development[3] Client-server oriented TCP connection between peering BBs
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Engineering Internet QoS 9
Policy Framework
o IETF Resource Allocation Protocol (RAP) Working group responsible for developing PBM framework Definition of protocols
• Policy implementation on devices to support QoS enabled service
o Policy definition “Policy is used to denote the unified
regulation of access to network resources and services based on administrative criteria” [5]
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Engineering Internet QoS 10
3-Tier Policy
o Network Level network wide resource utilization,
topology and objectiveso Node Level (network consists of nodes)
TCAs to meet specific QoS objectives of provisioned service
o Device Level Translation of node policy into
classification rules, scheduling mechanisms …
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Engineering Internet QoS 11
RAP WG terminologies
o Policy Decision Point (PDP) Determines what treatment a packet may
receive when passing through a domain Logical entity with global view of a domain Interacts with PEPs May use additional protocols
(DIAMETER/RADIUS) for authentication/billing etc.
o Policy Enforcement Point (PEP) Enforce/implement policy Router/switch forwarding packets
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Engineering Internet QoS 12
Policy Architecture
Reprinted with Permission from “Engineering Internet QoS - Jha & Hassan, Artech House Publishing, Norwood, MA, USA. www.artechhouse.com
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Engineering Internet QoS 13
Policy Protocols
o PDP and PEP communicate via Common Open Policy Service (COPS) protocol
o COPS features Exchange policy information between PDP
and PEPs Persistent TCP connection Fault tolerance – uses keepalive messages
• In case of failure Local PDP consulted
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Engineering Internet QoS 14
COPS Message
Reprinted with Permission from “Engineering Internet QoS - Jha & Hassan, Artech House Publishing, Norwood, MA, USA. www.artechhouse.com
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Engineering Internet QoS 15
COPS Models
o Outsourcing model User contacts PEP which in turn
contacts the PDP (PEP outsources the decision making)
Supported by Intserv/RSVP
o Policy provisioning model (COPS-PR) User contacts the PDP directly Supported in Diffserv
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Engineering Internet QoS 16
Policy Rules
o Policy rules usually follow If, What, When and Then logic
o Example: If: The user is CEO of a company What: The application is watching streaming
video and When: The time is 9:00 – 17:00 Then: The user is entitled to a service-level
premium that gives a throughput of 2 Mbps and an end-to-end latency of no more that 150 ms.
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Engineering Internet QoS 17
Policy Representation
o Policy Information Base (PIB) - RAP WG Similar to Structure of management information
(SMI) and Management Information Base (MIB) used in network management
• A tree structure with branches representing types of policy rules or policy rule classes (PRCs) and leaves represent content of the policy rules or policy rule instances (PRIs)
o Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) LDAP schema
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Engineering Internet QoS 18
Policy and RSVP
o End application may use RSVPo RSVP message reaches PEP
PEP contacts PDP for policy decision PEP needs to interpret POLICY_DATA object in
PATH/RESV messages Policy object may carry list of Policy Elements (PEs)
• Priority PE• Priority level to be used by the flow
• Authentication PE • may contain information that identifies the source securely• PDP can verify this authentication PE before admitting the
flow
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Engineering Internet QoS 19
Bandwidth Broker Implementation
Reprinted with Permission from “Engineering Internet QoS - Jha & Hassan, Artech House Publishing, Norwood, MA, USA. www.artechhouse.com
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Engineering Internet QoS 20
Policy enforcement scenario-1
Domain A has a policy that during the peak hour, downloadEntertainment server mango should not exceed 2 Mbps
Reprinted with Permission from “Engineering Internet QoS - Jha & Hassan, Artech House Publishing, Norwood, MA, USA. www.artechhouse.com
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Engineering Internet QoS 21
Policy Scenario - 2
Gaming traffic is consuming substantial amount of bandwidth. Restrict gaming traffic to 2 Mbps.
Reprinted with Permission from “Engineering Internet QoS - Jha & Hassan, Artech House Publishing, Norwood, MA, USA. www.artechhouse.com
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Engineering Internet QoS 22
Internet-2
o Experimental backbone providing high-speed access called GigaPops Membership: over 180 universities and
50 corporationso Research activities
Infrastructure for QoS experimentation such as Diffserv
Bandwidth broker Interdomain signaling
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Engineering Internet QoS 23
QBone
o Key Internet2 project Define architecture for participation in an
interdomain Diffserv test bed Deployment on new IP services
o Measurement architecture Collection of a set of QoS metrics at inter-
domain peering points
o Service Architecture Currently only Qbone Premium service (QPS)
• Similar to Diffserv Premium service – wire like communication