Policy and Policy Making in Education

7/30/2019 Policy and Policy Making in Education

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EDUCATIONAL POLICYAn educational policy is a bindingguide, enforceable and enforced by the

educational constituency responsiblefor its formulation. It is adopted tothrough collegial agreement which

acknowledges the conflicting interestsand desires of all those who will beaffected by it.


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2 MAJOR TYPES OF POLICIES1. Public policies are those formulated by governments

a. Domestic policies distributive, regulatory and

redistributive policiesb. Foreign / Defense policies are structural,

strategic and crisis policies

2. Institutional policies the purpose of which is togovern the institutions management systems andoperation practices


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Institutional policies Substantive policies

1. Organizational policies

2. Program policies3. Project policies

Structural policies designed for specific managementsectors comprising the top management, middlemanagement and lower management


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Organizational policies are those which gives unifieddirection to the whole institution whether it is auniversity, business establishment and the like.

Program policies are those which give direction to theinstitutional programs while supportive toorganizational policies.

Project policies are those which give direction to theinstitutional projects while supportive of programpolicies


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In context, policies can be

classified as:

1. Major policies

2. Derivative or supporting policies3. Minor policies


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MAJOR POLICIES are those that gives a unified

direction to an entire enterprise or those that givesthe primary shape of an enterprise in itsaccomplishment of purpose

DERIVATIVE OR SUPPORTING POLICIESsupportive of or dependent on major policies andyet act as guides to thinking and action while givingsupport to unified planning in certain areas

MINOR POLICIES are those which may not be evenbe related to major policies


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Types of Policy Makers1. Constitutional commissioners

2. Congressmen and Senators

3. Cabinet in the Executive branch4. Judicial department

5. School boards and Councils

6. Institutional policy making bodies

7. Rank and file of the faculty and staff, the alumni, thestudents, parents and their kind


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There are 6 Institutional policy making bodies :

1. School board

2. Administrative council3. Academic council

4. Council of Deans

5. Research and development council

6. Board of Directors, Personnel Association


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Scope of policies

Policy is anchored on educational philosophy,constitutional provisions, legislative acts, societalneeds, imperatives and the like

Policy influences the conduct of planning,programming, budgeting, implementation, evaluationand development

Policy influences the pursuit of institutional goals andthe behavior of the institution itself, including itsprogram and program objectives as well as projects

and project missions Policy influences the behavior of top, middle and

lower management levels of the organizations and thebehavior of its faculty and staff


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Bases of Policy1. Philosophy

2. Ideology

3. The Constitution4. Legislative acts, executive orders and Judicial

decisions

5. Societal needs and imperatives

6. Emerging development issues


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STEPS IN POLICY MAKING1. Determination of the issue

2. Conduct of researches and referrals

3. Examination of alternatives4. Formulation of the policy statement

5. Design of its support system

6. Submission to appropriate bodies for approval

7. Implementation

8. Monitoring effects

9. Evaluation

Policy and Policy Making in Education

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