Policy Analysis Report_hepe

8/12/2019 Policy Analysis Report_hepe

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CHAPTER 1

BACKGROUND OF THE PROBLEMA. Description of the crrent sit!tion

On January 16, 2005, at around 8:45 a.m., while Superintendent Odelardo

Magayane, the !"lan pro#in$ial poli$e $hie%, wa lea#ing the $athedral a%ter the

$ele&ration o% a ma on the o$$aion o% the 'ali&o !ti(!tihan )eti#al, hi &odyguard,

*oli$e O%%i$er + Jonathan Moreno uddenly gunned him down with an M16 !rmalite

ri%le. www.the%reeman.$om- herea%ter, Moreno went on a hooting rampage that le%t

eight 8- peron(i/ 6- poli$emen and two 2- $i#ilian dead and thirty(one 1-

peron(i/ 6- poli$emen and twenty(%i#e 25- $i#ilian wounded Senate ommittee

eport 3o.88-

+n a letter purportedly written &y a %riend o% *O1 Moreno, addreed to the

ommittee on *u&li$ Order and +llegal rug, uoted:

+ wa ho$"ed when + heard %rom the new that *oli$e O%%i$er Jonathan Moreno,

a &odyguard o% Magayane, wa "illed &y reponding poli$e o%%i$er. + 7ut dont "now

what went wrong with John. May&e, too mu$h paranoia, la$" o% pea$e o% mind. + did not

e/pe$t that it will end up li"e thi $onidering John ideal and a$$omplihment in li%e,

the ret i hitory.9

he Senate in#etigation o% the !ti(atihan hooting wa $ondu$ted in aid o%

legilation. he in#etigation alo re#ealed eriou iue $on$erning the hooting

rampage. )irt, *3* inter#iew with *O1 Moreno %ather re#ealed that when Moreno

went home in 3egro during the hritima &rea", he told hi &rother that he %elt

threatened and that he wanted to &e tran%erred to 3egro to a#oid a $ertain *O aguna,
http://www.thefreeman.com/http://www.thefreeman.com/


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uppoedly a poli$e o%%i$er under the payroll o% 'im uadra, a drug lord arreted &y *O1

Moreno prior to the in$ident.

Se$ond, the pro&lem with hi %amily, re$ruitment and promotion whi$h $ould

ha#e aggra#ated Moreno mental tate. +t hould &e noted that *O1 Moreno paed the

neuro(py$hiatri$ e/amination when he wa re$ruited to the *3*.

he u&euent %inding o% the initial in#etigation o% a" )or$e 'ali&o headed

&y $hie% *3* ire$tor !rturo omi&ao re#ealed that *O1 Moreno wa u%%ering %rom an

a$ute py$hoti$ &rea"down9. *oli$e py$hiatrit ha#e diagnoed *O1 Moreno o% the

aid mental illne &aed on inter#iew with witnee and hi &eha#ioral pattern &e%ore

he went on a hooting rampage. www.new%lah.org-

he %o$u on the mental illne o% *O1 Moreno a the ole reaon on why he went

on a hooting rampage on January 16, 2005 in 'ali&o, !"lan i mipla$ed. he

$ir$umtan$e urrounding the deultory hooting $ommitted &y *O1 Moreno, a

eta&lihed &y the initial %inding o% the *3* in#etigation and preented during the

January 24, 2005 hearing, re#eal that hi unta&le mental $ondition prior to and during

the in$ident wa the reult o% hi per$ei#ed threat $oming %rom hi %ellow poli$e o%%i$er

*O aguna and S*O ;ela$o. *3* in#etigation %urther eta&lihed that *O aguna

and S*O ;ela$o are a$ting on &ehal% o% Joe 'im uadra, a upe$ted drug lord. +t wa

eta&lihed that *O aguna wa o%%ering &ri&e money to *O1 Moreno and *O1 ia< %or

them to retra$t their tetimonie againt uadra. =ut *O1 Moreno and *O1 ia< re%ued

to a$$ept the &ri&e money.

*age 2 o% 41
http://www.newsflash.org/http://www.newsflash.org/


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he u$$eeding paragraph are ta"en %rom the )irt eport o% the +n$ident and

+n#etigation and e#iew ommittee on the !ugut 2, 2010 iong 'ong tour group held hotage &y *oli$e +npe$tor aptain- olando

. Mendoong hai tour &u on !ugut 2, 2010 in %ront o% the ?uirino

@randtand along the +ndependen$e !#enue o% i


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he elderly + $ouple, F2 yr. old + Ci$"(&iu and 66 yr.old + SB+ )ung("wan

will &e &oth releaed.

he $ouple, 46 yr. old >!3 'wo"($hu Joe- and 4 yr old C+' Siu(ling, will

&oth ur#i#e &ut hea#ily in7ured.

he tour leader 1 yr. old SA ing($hunn Maa- will re$ei#e the %irt &ullet

%rom the hotage ta"er.

he hotage ta"er, aptain olando . Mendo


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hall $ondu$t regular py$hiatri$, py$hologi$al drug and phyi$al tet randomly and

without noti$e.

+n order to gather pertinent data, a ur#ey among the poli$e o%%i$er in the

*ro#in$e o% =atanga wa $ondu$ted. Se$ondary in%ormation $ome %rom reear$h

material li"e &oo" and 7ournal o% imilar $ontent.

he *hilippine 3ational *oli$e i under enormou preure a%ter the ?uirino

=lood&ath where the hotage(ta"er wa a de$orated poli$e o%%i$er digruntled o#er hi

dimial %rom the er#i$e there&y %or%eiting all &ene%it due him. he in$ident, whi$h

hould ha#e &een an iolated one, wa enationaliong"ong. he mihandling o% the in$ident &y *3* O%%i$er le%t

numerou hotage dead and the whole *3* Organiotage a"ing 5 12.82>ighly *ro%iled Media A#ent 4 10.25

*oliti$al !aination 5 12.82

rug(related ae 4 8F.18

om&at Situation 12 0.FFar(7a$"ing D 2.FF

eath o% a hild 5 12.82

ape ae 2D F4.6Murder ae 0 F6.D2

Maa$re D 2.FF

=om&ing 10 25.64errorim 0 0

Sui$ide D 2.FF

'idnapping 8 20.51

Tot!' 20 100.00

*age 5 o% 41


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a&le 1 preent the $riti$al in$ident and traumati$ e#ent that the poli$e o%%i$er

e/perien$ed in the line o% duty. he $riti$al in$ident in the ta&le a&o#e are #iolent a$t &y

$riminal apprehended &y poli$e o%%i$er. rug related $ae ha#e the mot num&er o%

repone with 8F.18H %ollowed &y murder $ae at F6.D2H and rape $ae at F4.6H.

3one o% the repondent e/perien$ed terrorim.

+n drug(related $ae, the arreting o%%i$er o% the arreted upe$t are uually

ta"en a witnee in $ourt againt the a$$ued. he tetimony o% thee arreting o%%i$er

i #ery #ital to the proe$ution $ae a the guilt o% the a$$ued may &e eta&lihed there&y

a well a whether or not the law en%or$ement agen$y $omplied with the law in the arret

o% the a$$ued. he importan$e o% the tetimony o% the arreting o%%i$er in drug(related

$ae e/plain the #ulnera&ility o% the witnee to preure, harament, intimidation,

and $orruption, %rom the a$$ued and their $ohort in the o$iety. hi #ulnera&ility i

magni%ied three(%old i% the a$$ued ha the reour$e and $ommand a $ertain degree o%

politi$al in%luen$e in the o$iety. >en$e, there i a need to addre thi $on$ern not only

%or the wel%are o% the o$iety and well(&eing o% the $on$erned law en%or$ement o%%i$er

&ut alo their lo#ed one. Senate ommittee eport 3o.88-

he $riti$al in$ident and traumati$ e#ent that they ha#e e/perien$ed $an &e

$onidered relati#ely mild &ut thi doe not mean that it will not a%%e$t them in the near

%uture. he a$$umulation o% thee $riti$al in$ident and traumati$ e#ent o#er the year

will pro#e detrimental to their a&ility to $ope with u$h tre &e$aue it will ta"e it toll

no matter how mild thee $riti$al in$ident are.

*age 6 o% 41


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T!&'e +

Most Co((on Fee'in,s of Po'ice Officers !fter e-periencin, Critic!'

)nci#ents !n# Tr!(!tic E$ents

)un$tion EM ;+ He!#!ches 2.05 ! 1Msc'e Aches 1.85 ! "'eep Distr&!nces 1.8F ! 2Ch!n,e# !ppetite 1.4D S 16Decre!se# interest in se-!' !cti$it% 1.26 3 22)(potence 1. S 21An-iet% 1.6D S 5.5Fe!r 1.6D S 5.5Gi't 1.FF S 4"!#ness 1.62 S 8.5An,er 1.56 S 12.5)rrit!&i'it% 1.5D S 10.5

Fee'in, 'ost !n# n!ppreci!te# 1.46 S 1F.5ith#r!/!' 1.56 S 12.5De&i'it!tin, f'!sh&!c0s 1.62 S 8.5Repe!te# $isions of the inci#ent 1.46 S 1F.5Ni,ht(!res 1.64 S F"'o/e# thin0in, 1.51 S 15Diffic't% (!0in, #ecisions !n# so'$in, pro&'e(s 1.56 S 12.5Disorient!tion 1.45 S 1DL!c0 of concentr!tion 1.5D S 10.5Me(or% '!pses 1.8 3 20Tot!' 1.51 S

a&le 2 how the repondent per$eption on their %eeling a%ter e/perien$ing

$riti$al in$ident and traumati$ e#ent. !$$ording to py$hologit, the a&o#e %eeling are

mot $ommon %or thoe who ha#e 7ut &een through traumati$ e#ent. >eada$he i the

mot $ommon %eeling at a weighted mean o% 2.05 with a #er&al interpretation o% !lway

%ollowed &y leep ditur&an$e at a weighted mean o% 1.8F. 3e/t i mu$le a$he and guilt

with a weighted mean o% 1.85 and 1.FF repe$ti#ely, &oth with a #er&al interpretation o%

!lway. +n the &ottom o% the ta&le i the de$reaed interet in e/ual a$ti#ity at ran" 22.

he poli$e o%%i$er reponded that they ometime %eel the ymptom o% tre

&rought a&out &y their e/poure to the $riti$al in$ident and traumati$ e#ent. hi i

already the %irt tage o% tre and without the proper inter#ention program o% the

*age F o% 41


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leaderhip o% *3*G it will woren the already wore %eeling o% the mem&er o% the poli$e

%or$e.

T!&'e

De,ree of "i,nific!nce of the Effects of the Critic!' )nci#ents !n# Tr!(!ticE$ents to the Le$e' of Perfor(!nce !n# Person!' Life of the Po'ice Officers in

B!t!n,!s Cit% PNP

A%%e$t EM ;+

Sui$ide 1.F4 +S 16)ailed Marriage 2.15 S 2

A/$ei#e ue o% al$ohol 2.21 S 1

itan$ing oneel% %rom %amily and %riend 2.1 S

=e$oming o#erly needy and dependent 1.DF S F=e$oming outrageouly demanding and impatient 1.8F S 1.5

hroni$ %atigue and depreion 2.05 S 5.5

)aulty de$iion(ma"ing 1.D5 S 8.5

i$iplinary pro&lem 2.08 S 4

A/$ei#e ue o% i$" lea#e 1.8F S 1.5ardine 2.05 S 5.5

On(the(7o& a$$ident 1.FD +S 15

omplaint %rom $itiigh o%%i$er turno#er 1.D2 S 10.5

+n$reaed interperonal $on%li$t 1.D5 S 8.5

ow morale 1.D2 S 10.5

ow moti#ation 1.44 +S 18!#oiding ta" 1.F2 +S 1F

Sta%% $on%li$t 1.D2 S 10.5A2ERAGE 1.34 "

a&le how the per$eption o% the repondent regarding the le#el o%

igni%i$an$e o% the e%%e$t o% thee $riti$al in$ident and traumati$ e#ent to their

per%orman$e and peronal li%e. he data in the ta&le are the wor"(related and %amily

iue mot $ommon to poli$e o%%i$er. he data re#eal that e/$ei#e ue o% al$ohol i at

ran" 1 with a weighted mean o% 2.21 and with a #er&al interpretation o% Signi%i$ant

%ollowed &y %ailed marriage with a weighted mean o% 2.15 at no.2 and with a #er&al

interpretation o% Signi%i$ant. On ran" i ditan$ing oneel% %rom %amily and %riend with

a weighted mean o% 2.1 at a igni%i$ant #er&al interpretation. !nd the lat i $omplaint

%rom $iti


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he poli$e o%%i$er reponded that thee $riti$al in$ident and traumati$ e#ent

ha#e already igni%i$ant e%%e$t to their peronal li%e and le#el o% per%orman$e. hi

mean that the wore i yet to $ome i% thi will &e ta"en %or granted. he gi#en e%%e$t are

already damaging %or omeone who i not in the poli$e %or$e. =ut $om&ine thee to the

power o% authority, not to mention the power o% the gunG thee will damage not only the

li%e o% the poli$e o%%i$er &ut alo the li%e o% the people around them.

he a&o#e mentioned wor"(related e%%e$t o% tre and trauma to poli$e o%%i$er

are 7ut the %irt layer o% the pro&lem. he deeper pro&lem lie in the drati$ a$tion o%

poli$e o%%i$er to #ent out their emotion that $aued li#e and tarnihed the reputation o%

the *3* organi


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and le#el o% per%orman$e o% the repondent. !lthough little igni%i$an$e wa %ound, the

%a$t that there i a relationhip &etween the two and omehow, little &y little, thee i

ta"ing it toll on the poli$e o%%i$er, an a$tion %rom the leaderhip o% the %or$e will &e

needed to pre#ent the damaging e%%e$t o% tre to it mem&er.

. Re$ie/ of Re'!te# Liter!tre !n# "t#ies

A#ery year, hundred o% o%%i$er e/perien$e intene traumati$ e#ent that $an ha#e

eriou long term $oneuen$e %or them, their %amilie, and their department. +t i

in$um&ent upon poli$e adminitrator to enure that their o%%i$er and their department

ha#e the tool at hand to $ope with u$h $riti$al in$ident.

*oli$e are li"ely to &e u&7e$t to a #ariety o% traumati$ in$ident throughout the

$oure o% their wor"ing li#e Iphyi$al aault, motor #ehi$le a$$ident while puruing

$riminal, and #iewing #i$tim o% udden death. A/poure to traumati$ death alone

in$reae intrui#e and a#oidant ymptom, hotility, omatiation, the ri" o% *S and

thee ymptom $an perit %or month Brano, et.al. 1DD5-

*oli$e u%%erer o% *S, who ha#e long(term ymptom tend to ha#e a %ew

ho&&ie, diplay a$ute hyper aroual, u%%er %rom 7o& diati%a$tion, &e &rooding o#er

wor", and ha#e a la$" o% o$ial intera$tion.

.riti$al in$ident typi$ally are udden, power%ul e#ent that %all outide the range

o% ordinary human e/perien$e. =e$aue they happen o a&ruptly, they $an ha#e a trong

emotional impa$t, e#en on an e/perien$ed, well(trained o%%i$er. . =la$", 1DD1-.

+t i alo important to note that $riti$al in$ident tre i ynonymou to *ot(

raumati$ Stre iorder that will &e di$ued later on in thi $hapter.

*age 10 o% 41


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*y$hologi$al rea$tion to trauma ha#e &een re$ogni


12/41

Symptom are $hara$teri


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immediately a%ter horri%i$ in$ident. A#en war ha $riti$al in$ident &eyond the uual

day(to(day $arnage. . )reidman, et.al., 1D88-

here are $redi&le report that a %ew $hie% and $ommand o%%i$er in $orre$tion

pri#ately ugget that o%%i$er who need help handling their emotion a%ter a $riti$al

in$ident are $ry&a&ie9. hee o($alled leader are not in the ma7ority. +n %a$t, they are

the dwindling minority. =ut until they either die out or are enlightened, one i too many.

he mot $ommon a%ter e%%e$t o% not dealing promptly and appropriately with the

emotion aroued &y $riti$al in$ident i repreion e%%e$t9, more $ommonly $alled

tu%%ing your %eeling9. !nd in time, the mot pre#alent ymptom arent the nightmare

and %lah&a$" that are o dramati$ and ditur&ing. hoe ymptom o%ten lead o%%i$er to

%inally ee" the $ouneling they need. he typi$al ymptom i emotional num&ing and

hutting o%% %eeling, ditan$ing oneel% %rom %amily and %riend, and o%ten uing al$ohol

to %urther deta$h one el%.

>umor, gallow humor to &e pe$i%i$, i one way o%%i$er, %ire %ighter and

emergen$y peronnel ometime deal with $riti$al in$ident where li#e where are lot.

)ol", &urn #i$tim are not $ripie $ritter9L hey are people who had li#e and %amilie

and %uture and hope 7ut li"e you, who pro&a&ly died a horri&le pain%ul death. >umor

ha it pla$e, an important one in %a$t, in $oping with high(tre 7o&. +t i pro&a&ly the

one thing that "eep u going at time. =ut it i unhealthy when it i ued a a way to

e$ape your own humanity.

Mild *S $an dirupt a li%e, &ut moderate to e#ere *S i a naty $ondition.

)or one thing, it in#ol#e a $om&ination o% py$hologi$al and phyiologi$al $hange in a

peron. On the py$hologi$al ide, it $an ha"e a peron #ery &elie% ytem to the $ore.

*age 1 o% 41


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+t $an produ$e an o#erwhelming, i% illogi$al, guilt %eeling. +t $an lead to an + dont gi#e

a $rap9 attitude. +t $an ma"e a poli$e o%%i$er uetion whether the 7o& ha any meaning or

#alue. +t $an ma"e omeone o #igilant he &e$ome paranoid, una&le to trut or let hi

guard down e#en when he $ompletely a%e. +t $an lead to ui$idal thought and in rare

intan$e, a$tual ui$ide. On the phyiologi$al ide, it $an produ$e an/iety, irrita&ility,

depreion, trauma, inomnia and a hot o% phyi$al pro&lem %rom heada$he to

digeti#e pro&lem. J. ;aughn, 1DD1-

=ut in the interperonal realm, there where the %amily i really a%%e$ted. *S

$an $aue the u%%erer to &e$ome emotionally withdrawn and ditant %rom %amily

mem&er. he e/ dri#e $an go out the window. >e $an re#ert &a$" to old ha&it li"e

mo"ing or drin"ing, or &e$ome a newly hat$hed adole$ent and engage in re$"le,

ometime, li%e threatening ho&&ie. Sometime, ho&&ie li"e motor$y$ling $an &order on

ui$idal when o%%i$er thin"ing what the hell, + might a well ha#e an a%%air9. >e may

not do it, &ut thin"ing it $an &e #ery ditreing, and the poue may pi$" up ign her

mate i thin"ing o% traying.

3eedle to ay, i% an o%%i$er ha turned into a de#il(may($are adole$ent or

&e$ome ullen and melan$holy, and hi peronality i di%%erent, he might a well &e a

di%%erent peron than he wa &e%ore the $riti$al in$ident and the onet o% *S. he

%amily &e$ome the e$ondary #i$tim. oyalty i teted in the e/treme. So poue and

"id a" themel#e, i% hu&and or dad int the peron he ued to &e, i% ometime +

hardly "now him, what am + thin"ing ti$"ing with him9 O% $oure the %amilie "now

when the $hange o$$urred and why, and ad wa pro&a&ly a hero, made the newpaper,

got a ditinguihed o%%i$er award. So they tand &y him, &ut the unhappine i in$redi&le.

*age 14 o% 41


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Re'!te# "t#ies

+n the pat, mot tudie o% tre in law en%or$ement %o$ued e/$lui#ely on pot(

hooting trauma. e$ently, howe#er, the reear$h ha e/panded to en$ompa tre

indu$ed &y other traumati$ e#ent, $olle$ti#e "nown a $riti$al in$ident. ! $riti$al

in$ident i any e#ent that ha a tre%ul impa$t u%%i$ient to o#erwhelm the uually

e%%e$ti#e $oping "ill o% an indi#idual.

*oli$e u%%ering %rom *S tended to &e more li"ely to ha#e re$ei#ed

antidepreant treatment and to ha#e re$ei#ed $ouneling. hi %inding did not attain

igni%i$an$e le#el, howe#er.

Studie on military peronnel ha#e indi$ated that men and women who were

e/poed to imilar le#el o% tre were eually li"ely to ha#e *S ymptom, and that

men were more li"ely to &e diagnoed with *S than women6. hi tudy how no

great di%%eren$e in the ymptom pro%ile o% male and %emale poli$e peronnel with

*S. =y and large, thi re%le$t $i#ilian $ae a wellF. Mot $ae re%erred were men,

&ut thi may re%le$t the maleI%emale ratio o% re%erring poli$e %or$e, rather than any

di$rimination on &ehal% o% re%erring agent.

+n $omparing the ymptom pro%ile o% poli$e and $i#ilian u%%erer o% *S, the

poli$e tended to ue al$ohol more and to try and thin" a&out the trauma le. hi $ould

indi$ate an in$reaed ue o% the py$hologi$al de%en$e me$hanim o% denial and the ue

o% al$ohol to N&lot out memorie o% trauma. Military peronnel with *S are alo li"ely

to ue 3S depreant to uppre *S ymptom alhoun, et.al, 2000-. ! high inde/

o% upi$ion %or *S hould &e applied to poli$e o%%i$er preenting with al$ohol or

u&tan$e miue.

*age 15 o% 41


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>yper aroual, irrita&ility and ue o% al$ohol een in *S are ao$iated with

male(perpetrated marital a&ue in military #eteran Sa#aree, et.al., 2001-. +ntuiti#ely,

there may &e ditin$t ri" to the %amilie o% poli$e peronnel i% they de#elop *S.

)urther reear$h into poi&le e$ondary e%%e$t o% poli$e *S on their %amilie i

needed.

*oli$e tended to &e more li"ely to diplay an/iety i% %a$ed with reminder $ue,

whi$h perhap had &ro"en through their de%ene o% denial. hey alo tended to $omplain

more o%ten o% ditur&ed $on$entration. hi $ould re%le$t other di%%eren$e &eide any

$ontitutional or peronality %a$tor. he poli$e were igni%i$antly more li"ely to a$uire

their *S a a reult o% aault or threatened murder. Su$h trigger may reuire

alternati#e de%en$e me$hanim, u$h a denial to %un$tion. +n the $i#ilian population, the

mot $ommon $aue o% *S wa a motor #ehi$le a$$ident. oming to term with thi

may in#ol#e repeated Na%e e/perien$e o% dri#ing or &eing a paenger in a $ar a%ter the

trauma. *eople %a$ed with traumati$ aault are unli"ely to re(e/perien$e Na%e intan$e

o% thee o$$urren$e routinely, &y de%inition. he healing pro$e $ould there%ore di%%er

&etween the two group.

he Na$ting a i% the trauma i re$urring ymptom i parti$ularly mar"ed amongt

$om&at #eteran $ae o% *S. he trend %or the poli$e to &e more li"ely to ha#e thi

ymptom perhap indi$ate the uality o% the trauma they %a$e, partway &etween $i#ilian

and military $om&at e/perien$e. +n$reaing num&er o% gun(related in$ident in the B'

may ee thi ymptom &e$ome more pre#alent in poli$e #i$tim o% *S. *oli$e *S

$ae in o$ietie with higher le#el o% gun(related $rime, e.g. in the BS!, may ee higher

*age 16 o% 41


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%reuen$ie o% thi parti$ular ymptom. ! $omparati#e tudy o% ample o% poli$e o%%i$er

with *S &etween $ountrie would &e reuired.

One law en%or$ement e/pert tated that F0H o% the poli$e o%%i$er who ue deadly

%or$e lea#e law en%or$ement within 5 year. J. ;aughn, 1DD1-

he impa$t, there%ore, o% an o#ertreed o%%i$er $an &e %ar rea$hing. Stre a%%e$t

the o%%i$er, other employee, the department, the pu&li$ and the o%%i$er %amily. +t $an

lead to %aulty de$iion(ma"ing, di$iplinary pro&lem, e/$ei#e ue o% i$" lea#e,

tardine, on(the(7o& a$$ident, $omplaint %rom $iti


18/41

+n a more re$ent tudy o% uper#iory law en%or$ement o%%i$er tre le#el,

repondent $on$urred $iting u$h tre a poorly de%ined role within the department,

inu%%i$ient upport %rom adminitrator, little or no input into departmental poli$y and

authority in$ommenurate with reponi&ilitie. +t alo %ound that the normal uper#iory

a$ti#itie o% meting out di$ipline, moti#ating employee, &uilding morale, appraiing

per%orman$e, identi%ying peronal pro&lem in u&ordinate and ma"ing appropriate

inter#ention and $ommuni$ating e%%e$ti#ely with u&ordinate $aued tre among the

law en%or$ement uper#ior tudied. 3an$y 3or#ell, et.al., 1DD8-.

! tudy $ondu$ted &y Martin, M$'ean and ;elt"amp a $ited in Steed

owning, 1DD8- wor"ing with ur#i#or o% e/ual aault on poli$e o%%i$er %ound that

*S ymptom were $ommon among poli$e o%%i$er who dealt with rape ur#i#or.

Oli#eri and Eaterman a $ited in Steed owning, 1DD8- $ondu$ted a

retrope$ti#e ur#ey o% 21 therapit, who, %i#er year pre#iouly, had &een in#ol#ed in

treating e/ually a&ued $hildren in pre($hool $enter. herapit reported e/perien$ing

*S ymptom and ditre a a reult o% treating the $hildren.

)ollete, *olunny Mil&e$" a $ited in Steed owning, 1DD8- e/amined the

impa$t o% pro#iding er#i$e to e/ual a&ue ur#i#or, and %ound thi to &e igni%i$ant

%or &oth mental health pro%eional and poli$e o%%i$er.

D. Theor% !n# Concepts Re'!te# to the Rese!rch

+n 7ut o#er the pat de$ade it ha &e$ome $ommon "nowledge that law

en%or$ement peronnel, along with other emergen$y er#i$e wor"er, are a population

highly prone to u%%ering with *ottraumati$ Stre iorder *S-. ! a dire$t reult o%

their wor", there i regular in#ol#ement with traumati$ e#ent o#er the $oure o% their

*age 18 o% 41


19/41

entire $areer. hi i epe$ially true %or thoe o% u wor"ing in the %ield o% $riti$al

in$ident tre management. )or thoe indi#idual in law en%or$ement, howe#er, who

generally entered into their $areer a phyi$ally and mentally Ptrong,P highly idealiti$,

and $aring people, *S i o%ten uite &a%%ling. Moreo#er, it i a $on$ept that i hard to

a$$ept &y thoe who are %ollowing the mantra Pto prote$t and er#e.P Bndertanding the

need o% thi uniue population, highly prone to *S, i imperati#e %or mental health

pro%eional attempting to ait ur#i#or with healing and mo#ing &eyond thi

diorder.

Ehen di$uing *S within the law en%or$ement $ommunity, one mut &e

$are%ul not to preume that it only a%%e$t the men and women on the P%ront lineP ( thoe

in uni%orm. *S doe not only a%%e$t poli$e o%%i$er. all ta"er who %irt tal" with a

traumati


20/41


21/41

=eyond the oiou, u$h a a hooting, what e#ent are Pgenerally outide the

range o% uual human e/perien$eP that might $ontri&ute to the potential de#elopment o%

*S !mong many, $onider $ontinually &eing $alled upon to ma"e plit(e$ond,

ometime Pli%e or deathP de$iion that, in many $ae, ha#e no %a#ora&le reolution.

onider %a$ing a weapon in the hand o% a $riminal who would "ill you i% gi#en a

$han$e. Moreo#er, $onider in#ol#ement with %ight, %oot $hae, #ehi$le puruit,

phyi$al in7urie andKor death o% a %ellow o%%i$er. +magine ha#ing to deal with hotage

ituation, under$o#er wor", dangerou drug &ut or other raid or handling in7ury or

%atal a$$ident. >ow a&out ha#ing to manage in(progre $rime $all, hi%t(wor", diater

epe$ially thoe man(made-, the ne#er(ending pro$eion o% people &eing in7ured,

mutilated or "illed and ha#ing to &e$ome Pa$$utomedP to eeing, melling, %eeling and

hearing the &lood, gore, pain and u%%ering ao$iated with $rime $ene and #i$tim

in$luding &attered and a&ued $hildren. )inally, thin" a&out what it would &e li"e to ha#e

made an error on the 7o& and &e $riti$i


22/41

de#atating e%%e$t o% $riminal a$ti#ity, hyper#igilan$e $an &e$ome $ontant on and o%%(

duty. !ny noie or ditur&an$e within hearing range o% the hyper#igilant i uually

interpreted a a pending atta$" o an e/aggerated tartle repone alo appear to &e a

norm. =eing e#er #igilant, tuned in to anything out o% the ordinary and &eing ready %or

anything are o%ten the di%%eren$e &etween whether an o%%i$er ur#i#e the 7o& or not

Maon, 1DD0-. hi, o% $oure, in$reae an/iety.

=e$aue a law en%or$ement $areer uually lat %or at leat twenty year, the

duration $riterion i met. lini$ally igni%i$ant ditre or impairment in o$ial,

o$$upational or other important area o% %un$tioning all too o%ten how up in an o%%i$er

li%e a e#iden$ed &y high di#or$e, al$oholim, and ui$ide rate. On an intimate le#el,

o%%i$er who learn to "eep thing at wor" on a deperonali


23/41

PSupermanP or PEonder EomanP Shilling, 1DD- and &e immune to tre. +n addition,

regardle o% what the o%%i$er &elie#e, the pu&li$ o%ten hold o%%i$er to thi tereotype.

O%%i$er may go out o% their way to portray themel#e a P$ool,P P$almP and alway in

P%ull $ontrolP o% their emotion ( an image that i rein%or$ed repeatedly on ; and in

mo#ie Jone, 1D88-.

oo o%ten in law en%or$ement, peronnel euate mental diorder with &eing

P$ra


24/41

CHAPTER ))

PROBLEM "TATEMENT

A. Definition of the Pro&'e(

hi tudy aimed to analy


25/41

C. Go!'s !n# O&8ecti$es

3o one $an predi$t how power%ul an in$ident will &e or what e%%e$t it will ha#e

on them. +t i in$um&ent upon poli$e adminitrator that while they $annot top thee

e#ent %rom happening, they $an at leat prepare their employee %or u$h e#ent &y

tea$hing them the ign and ymptom o% $riti$al in$ident tre and eta&lihing poli$ie

that ena&le them to get help when they need it.

he o%%i$er who reponded to the terri&le a$$ident de$ri&ed earlier need not

u$$um& to the de&ilitating e%%e$t o% $riti$al in$ident tre. Eith the proper upport

%rom hi department and $ouneling %rom a $erti%ied pro%eional, he and hi %amily will

learn to deal with the trauma, and the department li"ely will "eep a #alued employee.

he *oli$e $ouneling, poli$e peer $ouneling, e#en $riti$al in$ident tre

management, and $riti$al in$ident tre de&rie%ing while they ha#e &een "nown to &e

e/$eeding help%ul, are till not employed o%ten enough. Ehile o$iety i %a$inated &y the

poli$e pro%eion, poli$e tre i not part o% the glamorou9 ape$t o% the 7o&9. )or

e#ery depi$tion in the media o% poli$e tre, there mut &e a hundred $ar $hae and

hoot(out. +t $annot emphai


26/41

time and energy to e/plain detail to their $olleague, who a%ter all, may ha#e pro&lem

o% their own. +t i in thi repe$t that poli$e manager and adminitrator hould &e a&le to

re$ogni


27/41

poi&le ad7utment in the poli$y. here i a need to $oordinate to them in

order to ma"e the ne$eary ad7utment %un$tional.

+. NAPOLCOM. he agen$y i mandated &y the 1D8F ontitution and the

Ma7or *oli$e e%orm aw., epu&li$ !$t 3o. 6DF5 and 8551 to adminiter

and $ontrol the *hilippine 3ational *oli$e under .! no. 8551, otherwie

"nown a the *3* e%orm and eorgani


28/41

CHAPTER )))

METHODOLOG7 OF ANAL7")"

he reear$her $ondu$ted a erie o% literature re#iew regarding the $riti$al

in$ident and traumati$ e#ent e/perien$ed &y poli$e o%%i$er.

he reear$her alo $ondu$ted a ur#ey in a %orm o% uetionnaire ditri&uted to

the *oli$e O%%i$er in the *ro#in$e o% =atanga to ae their a$tual e/perien$e o%

$riti$al in$ident and traumati$ e#ent.

he data gathered were preented in ta&ulated %orm, analy


29/41

1.81 I 2.60 (Signi%i$ant

1.80 I 1.00 (+nigni%i$ant

4. Standard e#iation. o determine the #aria&ility o% the %reuen$ie

o&tained %rom the uetionnaire related to the teting o% the hypothei.

5. R(tet. o tet the hypothei o% igni%i$ant or non(igni%i$ant relationhip o% the

le#el o% rea$tion and e%%e$t o% $riti$al in$ident and traumati$ e#ent in the per%orman$e

le#el and peronal li%e o% the o%%i$er o% =atanga *3*. +n teting the hypothei, the

reear$her et the le#el o% igni%i$an$e at .05 ao$iated with 3 3 (2 degree o%

%reedom.

he $ondition %or 7o& a$$eptan$e ore re7e$tion o% the hypothei i that i% the

$omputed


30/41

CHAPTER )2

POL)C7 OPT)ON"9ALTERNAT)2E" POL)C7 "OLUT)ON"

A. Description of A'tern!ti$e Po'ic% "o'tions :AP"; %or

a$$redited

go#ernmenthopital that will

$ondu$t the

py$hologi$ale#aluation

*3*

epreentati#e

5. *reent thepropoed

py$hologi$ale#aluation to the+@

*3*epreentati#e

6. ire$t all poli$e

tation toimplement the

program

*3*

epreentati#eto o$al

A/e$uti#e

T!&'e >

*age 5 o% 41


36/41

Potenti!' Pro&'e( of the Po'ic% A'tern!ti$e

"TRENGTH EAKNE""E" OPPORTUN)T)E" THREAT"

1. 1. *y$hologi$al and

emotional ta&lepoli$e o%%i$er

2. 2. *re#ention o%

poli$e o%%i$er

running amo"

.

1. May &e a little

di%%i$ult toimplement.2. !$$eptan$e %rom

egotiti$ poli$e

o%%i$er may ta"e

time

1. Eill pro#ide a

window %or properaement o% thereuirement %or

new re$ruit.

2. May re#eal root(

$aue o% a&ue o%power &y men in

uni%orm

1.=udget

ontraint

2. May &e

politi$i


37/41

REFERENCE"

alhoun, . @., ede$hi, . @., ann, !. 2000-. ;i$ariou pottraumati$ growth in

py$hotherapy. Journal o% >umaniti$ *y$hology, 452-, 2D(26.

etrie#ed %rom http:KKd/.doi.orgK10.11FFK002216F8052F4F2D

)igley, . Ad.-. 1DD5- ompaion %atigue: oping with e$ondary traumati$ tre

diorder in thoe who treat the traumatiorn, and . unning, re#. ed.

Eahington, : BS @o#ernment *rinting O%%i$e, 1DD1-, 2(0.

*age F o% 41
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022167805274729http://www.massey.ac.nz/~trauma/issues/2001-1/steed.htmhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022167805274729http://www.massey.ac.nz/~trauma/issues/2001-1/steed.htm


38/41

. *ieron, Priti$al +n$ident Stre: ! Seriou aw An%or$ement *ro&lem,P he *oli$e

hie%, )e&ruary 1D8D, 2(

Jerry ;aughn, %ormer dire$tor o% the +nternational !o$iation o% hie% o% *oli$e, uoted

in J. >orn, Priti$al +n$ident %or aw An%or$ement O%%i$er,P in riti$al

+n$ident in *oli$ing, ed., J. eee, J. >orn, and . unning, re#. ed.Eahington, : B.S. @o#ernment *rinting O%%i$e, 1DD1-, 14(148.

J. Brano, et al. 1DDF- *ot(raumati$ Stre iorder. Eahington : !meri$an*y$hiatri$ *re

*age 8 o% 41


39/41

@UE"T)ONNA)RE

). Be'o/ !re so(e of the critic!' inci#ents !n# tr!(!tic e$ents th!t po'ice

officers s!''% encontere# in the ser$ice. P'e!se pt ! chec0 (!r0

opposite the inci#ents th!t %o h!$e e-perience#.

>otage(a"ing in$ident UUUUU ape $ae UUUUU

>ighly pro%iled media e#ent UUUUU Murder $ae UUUUU *oliti$al aaination UUUUU Maa$re UUUUU

rug(related $ae UUUUU =om&ing UUUUU

om&at ituation UUUUU errorim UUUUU

ar(7a$"ing UUUUU Sui$ide UUUUU eath o% a $hild UUUUU 'idnapping UUUUU

)). The fo''o/in, !re so(e of the re!ctions of the po'ice officers !fter

e-periencin, critic!' inci#ents !n# tr!(!tic e$ents. Pt ! chec0 (!r0 on

%or !ns/er sin, the sc!'e !s %or reference.

A 6 A'/!%s

" 6 "o(eti(es

N 6 Ne$er

Critic!' )nci#ents A " N

He!#!ches

Msc'e Aches

"'eep Distr&!ncesCh!n,e# !ppetite

Decre!se# interest in se-!' !cti$it%

)(potence

An-iet%

Fe!r

Gi't

"!#ness

An,er

)rrit!&i'it%

Fee'in, 'ost !n# n!ppreci!te#

ith#r!/!'De&i'it!tin, f'!sh&!c0s

Repe!te# $isions of the inci#ent

Ni,ht(!res

"'o/e# thin0in,

Diffic't% (!0in, #ecisions !n# so'$in,

pro&'e(s

Disorient!tion

*age D o% 41


40/41

L!c0 of concentr!tion

Me(or% '!pses

)2. Be'o/ !re the effects of tr!(!tic e$ents to the perfor(!nce 'e$e' !n#person!' 'ife of ! po'ice officer. P'e!se chec0 %or !ns/er sin, the sc!'e !s

%or reference

5 6 2er% "i,nific!nt

6 "i,nific!nt

+ 6 Mo#er!te'% "i,nific!nt

1 6 )nsi,nific!nt

EFFECT" 5 + +

Sui$ide

)ailed Marriage

A/$ei#e ue o% al$ohol

itan$ing oneel% %rom %amily and

%riend

=e$oming o#erly needy and dependent

=e$oming outrageouly demanding andimpatient

hroni$ %atigue and depreion

)aulty de$iion(ma"ingi$iplinary pro&lem

A/$ei#e ue o% i$" lea#e

ardine

On(the(7o& a$$ident

omplaint %rom $itiigh o%%i$er turno#er

+n$reaed interperonal $on%li$t

ow morale

ow moti#ation

!#oiding ta"

Sta%% $on%li$t

*age 40 o% 41


41/41

Decision M!tri-

Criteri! PA61

M!n#!te the

NAPOLCOM!n# PNP to

con#ct ! re,'!r

ps%cho'o,ic!'

e$!'!tion of !''

its (e(&ers

PA6+

M!0e ! ps%cho'o,ic!'

e$!'!tion ! (st!fter e$er% oper!tion

PA6

Or#er e$er% po'ice

st!tion to h!$e !n inhose ps%chi!trist for

re,'!r conse'in,

Effecti$eness

Po'itic!' 2!'i#it%

Cost

A#(inistr!ti$e

App'ic!&i'it%

Tot!'

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