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POLICIES RELATED TO OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

PREPARED BY:

SAGUN PAUDEL

HEALTH ASSISTANT,

STUDENT OF BPH-IV SEMESTER,

LA GRANDEE INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE, SIMALCHOUR POKHARA

CLASS PRESENTED BY:NAVEEN KHADKAHEALTH ASSISTANT, STUDENT OF BPH-IV SEMESTER, LA GRANDEE INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE, SIMALCHOUR POKHARA

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Introduction

Occupational health deals with all aspects of health and safety in the workplace and has a strong focus on primary prevention of hazards.

The health of the workers has several determinants, including risk factors at the workplace leading to cancers, accidents, musculoskeletal diseases, respiratory diseases, hearing loss, circulatory diseases, stress related disorders and communicable diseases and others.

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An occupational health policy is a plan of action primarily concerned with protecting the health, safety, and welfare of persons at work.

The policies typically are designed to protect workers from hazardous work environments by ensuring clean work areas, the use of protective equipment and assuring employees are properly trained.

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The policies may also include provisions to protect customers and nearby communities. Often, governmental agencies, such as the Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) in the United States, oversee and enforce the regulations throughout the world.

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Occupational health policies normally require employers to maintain certain standards in their workplace. The usual requirements revolve around maintaining a generally safe environment, protective equipment when necessary, and training employees in the proper use of handling equipment.

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Some facts

two million people die every year from work-related accidents and diseases.

An estimated 160 million people suffer from work-related diseases.

there are an estimated 270 million fatal and non-fatal work-related accidents per year.

In economic terms, the ILO has estimated that 4% of the world's annual GDP is lost as a consequence of occupational diseases and accidents.

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The ILO Constitution sets forth the principle that workers should be protected from sickness, disease and injury arising from their employment.

The ILO has adopted more than 40 standards specifically dealing with occupational safety and health, as well as over 40 Codes of Practice. Nearly half of ILO instruments deal directly or indirectly with occupational safety and health issues.

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Prior to the passage of the Occupational Safety and Health Act in 1970 in the United States, American workers had little protection in the workplace.

Most industrialized countries have developed an occupational health policy that protects the safety of their employees. The European Union Occupational Safety and Health Administration (EU-OSHA) formed in 1996 out of Bilbao, Spain.

The Korean safety organization, known as KOSHA, went into effect in 1986.

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New provisions in this law relate to special benefits for workers employed in construction, transport, hotels, tea estates and travel establishments and those engaged in tourist business such as trekking, rafting and jungle safari.

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NEPAL

• The concept of working conditions, occupational safety and health of the workers is quite a new concept even to the oldest industry of Nepal, although there were some studies in relation to different aspects of various industries.

• Only a few studies specific to working conditions in industry, including the jute industry of Nepal, have been conducted so far.

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• After the restoration of a multi-party system in Nepal, Government of Nepal has begun to pay more attention to industrial working conditions and environment by enacting and enforcing the new Labor Act,2048 (1992).

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The main labour laws in Nepal covering working conditions, safety and health are the Labour Act, 2048(1992) and Labour Rules, 2050(1993).

The Labour Act contains provisions on conditions of work, workmen's compensation, leave and holidays, safety and health, minimum wage fixation and settlement of labour disputes.

The Labor Act and its subsidiary rules, Bonus Act and rules, are the main labor laws in the country, which cover working conditions, welfare of workers, safety and health, and industrial disputes.

The Labor Act contains provisions on conditions of work, workmen's compensation, leave and holidays, safety and health, minimum wage fixation and settlement of labor disputes.

The coverage of the Labor Act is confined to establishments employing ten or more workers.

Labor act 2048 (1992)

Section 5 of Chapter II of the Labor Act restricts to employ to work any minor or a woman unless otherwise prescribed during the hours between 6.00 pm and 6.00 am.

 It limits the working hours for adults to no more than eight hours a day or forty-eight hours a week.

 It provides for a weekly holiday with pay and compulsory intervals of rest.

It also provides overtime payment and restricts to allow workers for overtime for more than four hours a day but not exceeding twenty hours a week. 

Chapter V of this Act contains sections 27–36, which entirely pertain to the health and safety of workers in the establishment.

They prescribe arrangements for sanitation and cleanliness, modern lavatories, disposal and destruction of waste, adequate ventilation and lighting, and control of temperature, protection from dust, fumes and other impurities, avoidance of overcrowding in any room of the establishment, provisions for drinking water and extinguishing fire.

The Act also includes the provision for medical examination of workers at least once a year in the establishment involved in processes, which are likely to cause health hazards.

It provides a number of accident preventive measures, such as protection of eyes, protection against chemical hazards and fire, guarding against dangerous machinery, prohibition on lifting a heavy load, and safety measures for pressure plants.

A provision has been made for compulsory notice of any kind of accident or disease.

3 year interim plan (2064-2067) Government of Nepal allocates about 20

million rupees annual budget for occupational safety and health project.

Occupational Safety and Health Project sets following programs to be implemented as the integral part of the project:

Training program on occupational safety and health for social partners.

Capacity enhancement training program for officers affiliated with occupational safety and health.

Orientation program for employers. Awareness enhancement programs on industrial

accidents. Educational program on HIV/AIDS and STDs at work

places. Labor education programs. Factory inspection, monitoring and evaluation

strengthening programs

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REFERENCES

Google.coM WHO NEPAL LAW COMISSION INTERNATIONAL LABOUR

ORGANIZATION

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