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![Page 1: Policies Promoting IP Development in Universities and Higher Institutions of Learning In Africa OGADA Tom WIPO National Workshop on Intellectual Property.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649eea5503460f94bfb50f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Policies Promoting IP Policies Promoting IP Development in Universities and Development in Universities and Higher Institutions of Learning In Higher Institutions of Learning In
AfricaAfrica
OGADA TomOGADA Tom
WIPO National Workshop on Intellectual Property WIPO National Workshop on Intellectual Property Strategy, Maputo, June 6-9m 2005Strategy, Maputo, June 6-9m 2005
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Content of PresentationContent of Presentation
Introduction
Challenges to Universities and R&D Institutions in Africa
Need for IP Policies in Universities
Example of IP Policy -Moi University IP Policy
Moi University Holdings Limited
Conclusion
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IntroductionIntroduction
Role of Universities
To train and develop manpower
To generate new knowledge through research and development
To contribute to national development through transfer of knowledge to society
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IntroductionIntroduction
Level of Realization of the mandates of the universities in Africa
Mandate One
Universities have been effective in training and producing manpower, but
People are questioning the quality
Due to lack of job opportunities, the relevance of training is being questioned
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IntroductionIntroduction
Mandate Two
Universities are doing research and development, although NOT comparable with counterparts in Asian Tigers
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IntroductionIntroduction
Mandate Three
Transfer of Knowledge generated to society has remained the weakest point of African
UniversitiesPursuit for knowledge for the sake of it is a luxury which can not be affordedUniversities must produce return on investment
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Challenges facing African Challenges facing African UniversitiesUniversities
• Inadequate Funding
• Difficulties in Attracting and retaining qualified staff
• Weak Linkages with industries
• Low level of generation, protection and utilisation of IP
• Low level of technology Transfer
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Challenges to Universities in AfricaChallenges to Universities in Africa
Experience from Europe, USA, Asia show that these challenges can be addressed
through
Provision of Consultancy Services and Short CoursesGeneration, Protection and Commercialization of IPResearch contracts and sponsored researchStart-up and spin-out companies
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Challenges to Universities in AfricaChallenges to Universities in Africa
Effective Transfer of Knowledge from universities to Society requires
Innovative and inventive support structures
Conducive and enabling policies
Most Universities in African Currently doMost Universities in African Currently do
NOT have structures and policies in placeNOT have structures and policies in place
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Need for IP PoliciesNeed for IP Policies
• Stakeholders in Commercialized IPUniversitiesInventors
ResearcherStudents and research assistantGuest researchers
Sponsor including industryCollaboratorsGovernment and Public
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Need for IP PoliciesNeed for IP Policies
University
• University as a stakeholder since it providesR&D Infrastructure
SalaryGoodwill
University has a say on the generation, protection and commercialization of IP generated using university recourses
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Need for IP PoliciesNeed for IP Policies
InventorThe Inventor is a major stakeholder
Develops proposals and Sources for R&D fundsUndertakes R&DIntellectual inputs
Inventor requiresAdequate recognition and reward for intellectual input
Need for publication and promotion must be safeguarded
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Need for IP PolicyNeed for IP Policy
Sponsors, industries and collaborators
Sponsors, industries and collaborators
Provides R&D funds
Equipment
Research material
Intellectual input
The interests of the sponsors, industries and Collaborators must be taken care of
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Need for IP PoliciesNeed for IP Policies
Government and Public
Government and Public are major stakeholders General source of funding for R&D infrastructure and
operation expenses
Invest in universities
Expects returns
Cares that the benefits reaches the widest scope of the society at affordable cost
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Need for IP PoliciesNeed for IP Policies
Technology Transfer Office
• Technology Transfer OfficeCreates IP awarenessManages IP disclosure, filing and protectionMarkets IP and negotiates for licensing
TTO ImplementsObligation of UniversityObligations of Inventors
Confidentiality
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Need for IP PolicyNeed for IP Policy
Summary
• IP Policy is required – to regulate the conflicting interests of the
various stakeholders– Promote IP development
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Issues covered by IP PolicyIssues covered by IP PolicyDisclosure of IPConfidentiality
Material TransferOwnership of IP
Sponsored researchCollaborative research
PublicationsIP Marketing and Licensing
Revenue Distribution
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Moi University IP PolicyMoi University IP Policy
Justification
To enhance collaboration with other institutionsTo protect the interest of Moi universityTo promote demand driven researchTo enhance technology transferTo generate income for Moi UniversityTo take care of the conflicting interests of the various stakeholders
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Moi University IP PolicyMoi University IP PolicyObjectives
Promote creativity and innovation
Provide guidelines for IP disclosures and protection
Expedites knowledge and technology transfer
Reward staff for inventiveness and protect their interests
Ensure equitable sharing of commercial benefits
Spell out obligations of all stakeholders in IP generation and commercial utilisation
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Moi University IP PolicyMoi University IP Policy
Ownership of IP by Moi University
• Where inventor has used significant university resources
• Where inventor is specifically hired or commissioned to do the project
• For sponsored project unless otherwise stated in the contract
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Moi University IP PolicyMoi University IP Policy
Ownership of IP by inventor
• Where inventor can prove that he did not use university resources
• Where the university is not interested to pursue the protection of the invention
• Where the university is not interested in commercial exploitation of the invention
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Moi University IP PolicyMoi University IP Policy
Publications, Theses and Dissertation
Faculty, Students and Other employees shall own copyrights for their publications
Publication of students Theses and Dissertations shall only be allowed after screening for IP
Filing application for protection shall be considered for academic promotion
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Moi University IP PolicyMoi University IP Policy
Obligations of the University
Ensure confidentiality with respect to inventor during disclosure
Support commercialization of IP assets and technology transfer
Ensure that the inventor is equitably rewarded for invention
Provide mechanism for dispute resolution
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Moi University IP PolicyMoi University IP Policy
Obligation of the inventor
Prompt disclosure of inventions
Assist throughout process of registration and commercialization
Respect commitments made in license, contract and sponsored research
Disclose all potential conflicts of interests
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Moi University IP PolicyMoi University IP Policy
Distributions of net revenue
Inventor
IP Fund
Inventors research
Inventors department and faculty
University wide research fund
Technology Transfer Office
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Implementation of Moi University IP Implementation of Moi University IP PolicyPolicy
Technology Transfer Office
Sensitize staff regarding IP
Asses the potential of IP
Evaluate the commercial potential of IP
Obtain appropriate IP protection
Locating commercial partners
Negotiation and licensing
Promoting use of patent documentation
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Implementation of Moi University IP Implementation of Moi University IP PolicyPolicy
Agreements required
Participation Agreement
Material Transfer Agreement
Confidentiality Agreement
Contract Research Agreement
Disclosure Agreement
Consultancy Agreement
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Strategies for developing IPStrategies for developing IP
Procure commitment from the Top
Appoint a drafting team- internal, external, a driver
Educate the stakeholders
Discussion of the drafts by various stakeholders
Public launching
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Moi University Holdings LtdMoi University Holdings Ltd
Wholly owned by Moi University
Incorporated in 2000
Started operating in 2003
Driving force for IP in Moi University
Mission
Contribute toward national development and wealth creation through marketing of
university expertise, services and products
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Moi University Holding LtdMoi University Holding Ltd
Selected achievements to dateMoi University IP PolicyWIPO-University Initiative focal point since 2002Registered 40 staff for WIPO Academy IP distance learning, 8 completedFiled a national and PCT applicationNegotiating licensing of one technology and one plant varietyTrained 45 staff on management of consultancy services 2005, won the first industrial consultancy jobHas developed a strategic plan (2005-2008)
Offer consultancy services in IP
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ConclusionConclusion
• In the development and commercial exploitation of IP in Universities, there are several stakeholders
• There is need to have IP policy to manage the conflicting interests of these stakeholders