1)SAARC Summit and related question and reason not to be so successful.Trade-Help-Cooperation-Investment-CoordinationElectoral Reforms in India:Right to Reject, Right To Recall, Compulsory Voting, FPTP system And Proportional Representative System, Paid News1) ISSUES IN ELECTORAL POLITICS OF INDIA:Money Power, Muscle Power, Misuse of Government Machinery,Criminalization of Politics, Non-Serious Candidates in Political PartiesII. PROBLEMS OF THE POLITICAL INSTABILITY, HUNG PARLIAMENT AND ASSEMBLIESCastism,Communalism, Lack of Moral Values in Politics:SUGGESTIONS:1) At Present, the EC does not have independent staff of its own.2) Unearth and confiscate black money, which is widely used for buying votes.3) Make politicians as well as voters law abiding.4) Strictly apply the Code of Conduct and punish those who violate it.5) Revise voters‟ lists in time to avoid bogus polling and correct mistakes in the lists.6) Prompt action by the judiciary, if any kind of violation is detected during elections.7) Declare elections results in mandatory.In 1990, the commission computerized the electoral rolls of all constituencies.In 1993, to remove bogus voting, introduced electoral photo identity.

Eighteenth SAARC Summit Kathmandu, Nepal:Determined to deepen regional integration for peace and prosperity by promoting mutual trust, amity, understanding, cooperation and partnership.Post-2015 Development Goals:Agriculture and Food Security,Environment,Blue Economy [They recognized the manifold contributions of ocean-based Blue Economy in the SAARC Region and the need for collaboration and partnership in this area],Health,Education, Women and Children,Youth,Social Protection, Migration. Nineteenth Summit: The Leaders welcomed the offer of the Government of Islamic Republic of Pakistan to host the Nineteenth Summit of SAARC.Outcomes during the visit of Prime Minister to Nepal :1) MoU on Motor Vehicle Agreement and flag off of Kathmandu-Delhi bus service ‘Pashupatinath Express’.2)MOU on National Police Academy, Panauti3) Line of Credit of US$ 1 Billion:from EXIM Bank will be utilized for hydropower, irrigation and infrastructural development projects.4)MoU on Twinning arrangements between Kathmandu-Varanasi, Janakpur-Ayodhya and Lumbini-Bodh Gaya as sister citiesInfrastructure And Energy Sector:1) Creation of infrastructure investment trust and Real Estate investment trust2) Increasing warehousing facility for shelf life of agriculture produces3) Port connectivity

Poverty And Malnutrition:Schemes: ICDS – Integrated Child Development Services – initialed 4 decades agoNRHM – National Rural Health Mission Right to work through MGNREGA

WTO approves trade facilitation agreement (TFA)The World Trade Organization (WTO) approved the first world-wide trade deal- Trade Facilitation agreement (TFA). It was approved by WTO’s 160 member nations in Geneva after months of deadlock.This announcement comes after India and the US earlier had resolved their differences over public stockholding of food in November 2014.The approval of TFA deal will possibly help to meet a permanent solution for the public stockholding of food in the WTO’s Ministerial Conference 2015 as 160 members agreed to make all efforts to find a permanent solution to the issue.SummaryThe Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) is the WTO’s first-ever multilateral accord. It was outcome of 9th Ministerial Conference of WTO for broader reform to boost global trade held in Bali, Indonesia in December, 2013.The agreement includes provisions forLowering import tariffs and agricultural subsidies: It will make it easier for developing countries to trade with the developed world in global markets.Abolish hard import quotas: Developed countries would abolish hard import quotas on agricultural products from the developing world and instead would only be allowed to charge tariffs on amount of agricultural imports exceeding specific limits.Reduction in red tape at international borders: It aims to reduce red-tapism to facilitate trade by reforming customs bureaucracies and formalities.ImplicationsIf this agreement is properly implemented, it may create US$1 trillion worth of global economic activity which may add 21 million new jobs and lower the cost of doing international trade by 10–15 percent.Digital India:1) Seven and half lakh kilometers of cable is proposed to be laid over next three and half years to provide broadband in every village of the country. 2)Increase electronic manufacturing3) Urban India mobile connectivity is 146% , it is only about 46% in rural areas. Such an urban- rural divide is sought to be bridged now.Measures to reduce income disparity:The reduction of economic inequalities has been one of the primary policy objectives of the development planning in India. The Government has initiated various measures to improve the quality of life of the people and to benefit the people at the lower end of the income distribution in the country through direct intervention by implementing specific poverty reduction and mitigation

programmes. This includes Pradhan Mantri Jan-DhanYojana (PMJDY), Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS), National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM), National Urban Livelihoods Mission (NULM), Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM), Rajiv AwasYojana (RAY), Indira AwasYojana (IAY), National Health Mission (NHM), SarvaShikshaAbhiyan (SSA), Mid-Day Meal Scheme (MDMS), Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS), Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission (RGNDWM), National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP), Swachh Bharat Mission etc. These interventions are expected to yield better results over time in terms of reduction in the gap between rich and poor and overall balanced development in the country. Six strategies to reduce water scarcity by 2050:Reason to Cause Water Scarcity :Irrigation techniques, industrial and residential habits combined with climate change lie at the root of the problem.Solution:The strategies have been categorized under two heads:

Soft measures

(1) Productivity of agricultural water can be improved by using better cultivars and

nutrient applicants. This can help reduce the fraction of people living in areas facing

water stress by 2 per cent by 2050. Water stress is defined as a scenario “where

more than 40 per cent of the available water from rivers is unavailable because it is

already being used”.

(2) Irrigation efficiency can be improved by switching from flood irrigation to

sprinklers or drips. However, this measure can result in soil salinisation, warns the

study. 

(3) Domestic and industrial water use can be reduced by cutting leakage in

distribution and by improving water recycling facilities

(4) Keeping world population below 8.5 billion by 2050 though tax incentives and

family planning can reduce the demand for water. But current trends indicate that

this measure could be difficult to implement, says that study. 

Hard measures

(5) Increasing storage in reservoirs by enlarging the capacity of existing reservoirs,

by making new reservoirs and by reducing sedimentation. This strategy would

require an additional 600 cubic km of additional capacity and could have “negative

ecological and social impacts”  (6) Increasing the capacity or numbers of desalination plants can help in countering the problem in coastal areas. A 50-fold increase is needed to have an impact. This would require significant investments and will have energy costs. Also, waste water discharged will need to be disposed of safely.

Pradhan Mantri Jan DhanYojana:  The Pradhan Mantri Jan DhanYojana lies at the core of our development philosophy of Sab KaSath Sab KaVikas. With a bank account, every household gains access to banking and credit facilities. This will enable them to come out of the grip of moneylenders, manage to keep away from financial crises caused by emergent needs, and most importantly, benefit from a range of financial products. As a first step, every account holder gets a RuPay debit card with a Rs 1,00,000/- accident cover. In due course, they are to be covered by insurance and pension products.  

Highlights of the scheme :

1. The Prime Minister will launch the National Mission on Financial Inclusion named

as  Pradhan Mantri Jan DhanYojana (PMJDY) on 28th August, 2014. 

2. The Mission will be implemented in two phases. 

3. Phase-I from 15th August 2014 to 14th August 2015 envisages

 (i) Universal access to banking facilities for all households across the country

through a bank branch or a fixed point Business Correspondent (BC) within a

reasonable distance

(ii) To cover all households with atleast one  Basic Banking Accounts with

RuPay Debit card having inbuilt accident insurance cover of Rs.1 lakh. Further

an overdraft facility upto Rs.5000 will also be permitted to Adhaar enabled

accounts after satisfactory operation in the account for 6 months.

(iii) Financial literacy programme which aims to take financial literacy upto

village level.

 (iv) The Mission also envisages expansion of Direct Benefit Transfer under

various Government Schemes through bank accounts of the beneficiaries of.

 (v) The issuance of Kisan Credit Card (KCC) as RuPayKisan Card is also

proposed to be covered under the plan.

4. Phase-II from 15th August, 2015 to 14th August, 2018

            (i) Providing micro –insurance to the people.

(ii) Unorganised sector Pension schemes like Swablamban through the

Business Correspondents.

5.   The major shift in this programme is that households are being targeted instead

of villages as targeted earlier. Moreover both rural and urban areas are being

covered this time as against only rural areas targeted earlier. The present plan

pursues digital financial inclusion with special emphasis on monitoring by a Mission

headed by the Finance Minister.Planning CommissionThe Planning Commission needed to be returned to its first purposes, to its transparent and audacious planning for an India progressing without old enervations and new injustices to prosperity.Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall,Humpty Dumpty had a great fall.

The 18th century nursery rhyme, its original probably a riddle, is loved for the one image it invokes — a great fall. The picture of a dumpy egg, of a being crashing to his well-deserved and irreparable end provokes mirth among children. It also provides to short-of-ideas parents and teachers the relief of a successful attempt at distraction.The Union Planning Commission has been toppled off in a progressively untenable balancing act. Reconciling projection with implementation, performance with evaluation, discussion with allocation has taken its toll.And applause greets its fall.I regard this as not just unfair and unfortunate but positively dangerous for with all its Humpty Dumptyness, the Planning Commission represents a crucial strand of our post-Independence self-definition. It represents a people whose leaders very consciously integrated India’s political goals with its social and economic aspirations and made planned economic progress a tool not just for progress per se but for balanced well-being.Origins of planningThe Bharatiya Janata Party and its ideological family would do well to note that the first almost rudimentary idea of economic planning as part of republican justice in India arose not from the father of Indian planning, Jawaharlal Nehru, and his exceptional colleague in planning, P.C. Mahalanobis, but from another equally kinetic twosome. In a vital blueprint drawn in 1938 when he was Congress President, Netaji Subhas Bose, with the collaboration of the physicist and mathematician, Meghnad Saha, gave us a glimpse of all that planning for the long term, by an independent and transparent apex, could do for an India of the future.In his presidential address at the Haripura session of the Congress in February 1938, Netaji envisaged “the first task of the Government of Free India” as being the setting up of a “National Planning Commission” in order to address the task of fighting poverty. He created what was, in effect, the nucleus for the future Union Planning Commission in the National Planning Committee under the aegis of the Indian National Congress, with Jawaharlal Nehru as the first Chairman of the Committee.It is important that this link in our planning chain be remembered for thus reason: If an institution’s or a tradition’s calibre is best judged by the state of its performance, its purpose is best gleaned by the stature of its provenance.The intent of the national planning process was, basically, threefold — One, to provide a framework for the orderly development of the economy. Two, to mediate the process of planning and plan funding as between the Union Finance Ministry’s budgetary prerogatives and its various ministries, and as between the Centre and the States. Three, and most importantly, to evaluate the quality of programme implementation and convey its findings to the government.By making Centre-States interlocution a structured part of national development, the Planning Commission became a keeper of India’s federal conscience.Federating, in India, is not just about bringing constituent geopolitical units together for certain ends. It is about linking, bridging, vestibuling the large with the small, the strong with the weak, the naturally privileged with the inherently underprivileged. It is about levelling a very uneven, potholed terrain.A mixed record

It only followed that a national planning exercise should enjoy a measure of independence from the attitudinally constraining, politically constricting and systemically inundating ethos of governments. To plan was to think, think independently and think full-time.All this, those who have signed the Planning Commission’s death warrant would do well to know. They would also do well to know that founded in 1951, with our first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, as its first Chairman, the Planning Commission led from the front. The first three Plan Documents had a foundational ring to them, ranking in idealism and earnestness with the preamble to the Constitution. The decades of the 1950s and the 1960s were in many senses the Planning Commission’s golden age.It had stalwart Indians from what may be called non-Congress streams of thought-shaping as Deputy Chairmen. V.T. Krishnamachari and Ashok Mehta in the Nehru years, with Mahalanobis and Pitambar Pant providing intellectual sinew and ideological leaven, made it a veritable engine of activity. Pant established a tradition of empirical analysis within government in the matter of planning and policy formulation. In other words, he showed that the Planning Commission is an instrument for critical self-analysis, perhaps the only state body to be so.The Gadgil formulaBut during the 1970s and the 1980s, when the Congress was in office, singularly un-independent Congressmen holding the Planning portfolio in the Union Cabinet were also made Deputy Chairmen. This diminished the autonomy, the vitality and even the credibility of the body and of the process of independent planning itself.To two Maharashtrian Deputy Chairmen must go the credit of having given to the planning process and, indeed, to India’s economic polity itself, much needed bouts of spring-cleaning.The first was the economist D.R. Gadgil. Made Deputy Chairman by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, he was veritably a Deputy Prime Minister for Planning. Critiquing the planning methodology that had been followed until then for lack of objectivity and, more, for not being equitable, Gadgil evolved the formula that later bore his name, to make plan transfers to States more balanced. Making population, tax-effort and tax-receipts, per capita income and special problems and needs the basis for plan transfers, Gadgil created the concept of Special Category States like Assam, Jammu and Kashmir and Nagaland which were to be given preference, their needs first being met out of the total pool of Central assistance.The second was the socialist Madhu Dandavate. Palagummi Sainath has told us in the columns of this newspaper how the “poverty line” has fluctuated and how now “a mere 29.9 per cent of India’s population is below the official poverty line (BPL).” He has narrated the story of how “Kill me, I say,” said Deputy Chairman Madhu Dandavate in 1996, chuckling. “I just doubled poverty in your country today.” Dandavate had just jettisoned a methodology or an exercise used by Yojana Bhavan before he came to head it, that had by a sleight of hand “brought poverty down” to 19 per cent in 1993-94 from 25.5 per cent in 1987-88.Since the 1970s the Planning Commission has been in a Slough of Despond. The ritual of annual plan discussions over the years turned what should have been a dynamic body of thinkers and chapter-turners into an impersonal ATM.Reports on performance that did not lead to mid-course correction, flounderings at the doors of implementing ministries, “out-sourcing” studies to teams outside the

public domain, among other factors, routinised it and robbed it of the defining role Netaji Subhas intended for it and Nehru worked to achieve.A cliché describes cutting off the head because it aches.Giving it a Deputy Chairman like D.R. Gadgil and Madhu Dandavate, doing strategic long-term planning for the States and critically evaluating programme implementation would have enabled the Planning Commission to retrieve its intent and fulfil its federal mandate.Abolitions in free IndiaArticle 17 of the Constitution of India abolished untouchability.Zamindari was abolished in 1951.Dowry came to be abolished in 1961.Privy purses to former Princes were abolished in 1971.Privileges have been abolished in India, unevennesses legislated away.Abolishing the Planning Commission turns the clock’s hands back. It distances the Indian state from India’s federal spirit. It makes self-analysis and self-criticism alien to government. It makes bridge-building between the weak and the strong, the centre and the peripheries, seem irrelevant.More, it portrays planning and conceptualising as a luxury. “We are doers, not thinkers,” is the abolition’s subtext.The Planning Commission needed to be returned to its first purposes, to its transparent and audacious planning for an India progressing without old enervations and new injustices to prosperity. It needed to be returned to its founding documents, its defining mandates. There are steps that could have been taken to make its plan-fund transfers more consultative, less conditional, more participative, less prescriptive. These changes could not have been carried out by UPA-I or -II, mid-course or end-stream. The new government could have done so with reason and credence, on its “first page.”The Planning Commission needed mending, not ending.It did not call for capital punishment.

Smart City: Competitiveness refers to a city’s ability to create employment opportunities,attract investments, experts, professionals and people. The ease of being able todo business and the quality of life it offers determines its competitiveness. Sustainability includes social sustainability, environmental sustainability andfinancial sustainability. Quality of Life includes safety and security, inclusiveness, entertainment, ease ofseeking and obtaining public services, cost efficient healthcare, quality education,transparency, accountability and opportunities for participation in governance.Pillars of a Smart City:Institutional Infrastructure (including Governance), PhysicalInfrastructure, Social Infrastructure and Economic Infrastructure constitutethe four pillars on which a city rests. The centre of attention for each of thesepillars is the citizen. In other words a Smart City works towards ensuring the best for its entire people, regardless of social status, age, income levels, gender, etc.

Smart is as smart does. The government's proposal to build 100 "smart" cities will work only if it can reinvent the very idea of urban growth in a country such as India. Smart thinking will require the government to not only copy the model cities of the already developed Western world, but also find a new measure of liveability that will work for Indian situation, where the cost of growth is unaffordable for most.

The advantage is that there is no agreed definition of "smart city". Very loosely, it is seen as a settlement where technology is used to bring about efficiency in resource use and improvement in the level of services. All this is clearly needed. But before we can bring in smart technology, we need to know what to do with it. How do we build new cities and repair groaning urban settlements to provide clean water to all, to manage the growing mountains of garbage, to treat sewage before we destroy our rivers, and to do something as basic as breathing without inhaling toxins?

It can be done. But only if we have our own dream, of a modern Indian city. We cannot turn Ghaziabad, Muzaffarnagar, Rajkot, Solapur, Tumkur or even Gurgaon into Shanghai or Singapore. But we can make these cities liveable models for others to emulate. How?

Take water, sewage, garbage, mobility or air pollution. The current model of resource management, developed in rich Western cities, is costly. It can be afforded by some but not by all. Even these cities cannot rebuild the paraphernalia for providing services to their people. This system was built many years ago, when the city had funds and grew gradually with recurring and high investment. Even if we were to build greenfield cities, we cannot wish for the same level of investment. We need a new approach to humane urban growth.

The first principle in this is to accept that we have to renew what already exists. Take water, for example. Our cities have been built to optimise on the available resources. They were smart in building lakes and ponds to harvest every drop of rain. This ensured that the city recharged its water table and did not end up with floods every time it rained. We need to revive that system. It may not be adequate to meet the growing needs of the city, but will cut costs by reducing the length of the pipeline and bring down distribution losses. Once we do this, we should add the smartest technology for measuring supply and for reducing demand. Then we focus on technology solutions for efficiency. Flush toilets are antiquated. We need smart appliances, which will conserve water. We need smart ways of recycling and reusing water. Turn waste back into water.

This then is the next agenda. We know our cities do not have underground sewage to speak of. A very un-smart thing to do would be to fall into the trap of civil engineers to build sewage networks. Delhi, which has the highest network of sewage lines (some 5,000 kilometres), needs to build another 10,000 km to meet its current population needs. Now, knowing that the existing network, built over a

century, is already clogged and broken, the task is impossible.

Instead, we know our cities use septic tanks or open drains for sewage management. So instead of burying these drains, the aim should be to treat sewage in these channels and to reuse the recycled water. Use the trajectory of the mobile phone; build future solutions by skipping the landline - do sewage management in decentralised ways. This would be smart.

We can do this in the case of energy as well. Today, our cities are pampered by subsidies because energy costs are high and supply is squeezed. Why can't we build a new grid for the city based on solar rooftop generation and super energy-efficient appliances? Currently, our standards for energy-guzzling air conditioners are the worst in the world - even what we call five-star energy-rated machines. It would be smart to move fast to change these standards, so that we can use expensive energy much more efficiently.

This should also be the approach for designing mobility. Our cities have been built to be car-free. We are now desperately shoving, pushing and parking vehicles down the narrow lanes. We need to think smart. Change the idea of mobility itself - build for walking, cycling, bus and metro. Instead of fitting cars into streets that are multi-purpose we should redesign for even greater efficiency of use.

So we can only build smart cities if we are smart. Really smart.

A large proportion of non-Plan expenditure is due to1) Interest Payment2) Debt Repayment3) Defense Capital4) Salaries5) Pensions6) Grants To State-------------------------------------Ottamthullal  is a art form Kerala state, India. The word Thullal means to jump or leap about in theTamil language. In Ottamthullal, a solo performer, with green makeup and a colourful costume (decorated with a long red and white band and painted wooden ornaments), acts and dances while reciting dance Thullal (lyrics).[6] A chorus or one artist or more, repeats each sentence as it is completed.------------------------------------------

Understanding Issues Related to Black MoneyMain sources of black money are Crime, corruption, counterfeit/fake notes and tax evasion.

1) Tax Heavens2) Offshore Financial Centers3) Money Launderin

4) Hawala System5) Round Tripping – Can be done through

A) Participatory NotesB) Raising Capital by Global Depository ReceiptsC) Money coming in NGOs and Charitable InstitutionsD) Transfer Pricing

In all these cases, money will move back to India and will be treated as legitimate while its source may be illegal.

Effects of Black Money on economy:-1) Government losses tax revenue

2) It is hard for RBI to frame effective monetary policy. Black money floating in

economy is impossible to estimate and remains out of preview of

government. RBI increases interest rates, CRR, SLR etc. to regulate money

supply but more there is black money, more is ineffectiveness of these

measures.3) Corruption – Black money is both cause and effect of corruption. 4) National Security5) Overpriced real estate prices 6) Lack of innovation and research7) Capital Flight – in order to escape domestic rules and regulation scarce

capital in India moves out to Tax heavens.Steps taken by Government 1) Rationalizing Income tax rates2) Introduction of Tax Deduction at Source 3) Voluntary Compliance Schemes/ Amnesty Schemes4) Prevention of Money Laundering Act,20025) General Anti Avoidance Rules (GAAR): GAAR will be applicable from 1st April 20156) Improving Currency note

Some Institutions for combating black money1) Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT)2)Enforcement Directorate 3)Financial Intelligence Unit

India joined – ‘ Global crusade against black money’1) G-20 countries2) Multilateral convention of Mutual Administrative Assistance in tax Matters3) Financial Action Task force

---------------------------------------International agencies launch sustainable tourism programme

The Ten-Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns (10YFP) will be led by United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) and the governments of France, the Republic of Korea and the Kingdom of Morocco, with the support of United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)Absence of sustainable management , tourism can deplete1) Natural resources leading to water shortages 2) Loss of biodiversity3)  Land degradation4) Contribute to climate change and pollution

-----------------------------------------How to reform and how not to MGNREGAbest way to reform such a programme is to study carefully the conditions that made it a success and also to undertake a diagnostics of its failures, so as to learn how best to fix it.Failures of the programme: not being able to generate more than 50 days of work per annum, in the poor quality of assets created, in the delays in payments to workers and also in the inability of the really needy areas of the country to take full advantage of the programme.Success of Programme: thousands of villages where water harvesting structures have been created, agriculture has improved, nearly 100 days of work has been provided, distress migration has reduced and women have been empowered.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------key to good governance:1) Flexibility of the political system2) The sagacity of the political leadership and its openness to information from all quarters.

---------------------------------National Education Day CelebratedThe country celebrates the National Education Day every year on 11th of November which is the birth anniversary of India’s great freedom movement leader Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, who was also India’s first education minister.

To mark the celebration of National Education Day, the following new initiatives were started by the Ministry of HRD-

“Saksham” which is a college level scholarship for differently abled, needy and meritorious children.

“Pragati” which is a scholarship for girl students who are pursuing technical education at college level.

Skill Credit Framework document which provides a Skill Assessment Matrix for Vocational Advancement of Youth (SAMAVAY). SAMAVAY allows multiple

pathways between Vocational education – skills, education and job markets. This will facilitate India to harness the potential of young India.

“Know your College Portal” which is an application developed for helping a prospective student make a valued judgment of the college he / she wishes to join by providing him / her the necessary information about the college.

“Unnat Bharat Abhiyan” to involve higher educational institutions to work with the people of rural India in identifying development challenges and evolving appropriate solutions for accelerating sustainable growth.

------------------------------------------Three Big Power Schemes:1)Integrated Power Development Scheme (IPDS):It aims to strengthen the transmission and distribution (T&D) networks, 100 per cent metering urban areas and smarten it with information technology.In this scheme IT enablement will help in reduction in AT&C losses, establishment energy accounting /auditing system, improvement in billed energy based on metered consumption and improvement in collection efficiency.2)Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana(DDUGJY)DDUGJY project is based on the Gujarat model of power reforms for feeder separation of agricultural and domestic usage and strengthening of T&D infrastructure in rural areas.This scheme aims to help in improving in hours of power supply in rural areas, reducing peak load, improving in billed energy based on metered consumption and providing access to electricity to rural households.3)North Eastern Region Power System Improvement Project (NERPSIP)NERPSIPis for six north eastern states viz Assam, Manipur,Meghalaya, Mizoram, Tripura and Nagaland. It is meant for strengthening of the Intra State Transmission and Distribution System.This project will be taken up under a new Central Sector Plan Scheme of Ministry of Power (MoP) and implemented with the assistance of World Bank loan and the budget of MoP.Implementation of this project will create a reliable State power grid and improve its connectivity to the upcoming load centres, and thus extend the benefits of the grid connected power to all the consumers.It will also provide the required grid connectivity to such villages and towns of the six states, where development of distribution system at the downstream level has been taking place under previous Government of India’s (Gol) sponsored electrification schemes.

Green policies of India

National Clean Energy Fund

Compensatory Afforestation Fund.

National Environmental Policy, 2006 articulates that only such development is sustainable which

respects ecological constraints and the imperatives of social justice

National Agricultural Policy  focuses on sustainable development of agriculture by

promoting technically sound and economically viable, environmentally non-degrading, and socially acceptable uses of the country’s natural resources

National Electricity Policy  underscores the use of renewable sources of energy

National Action Plan on Climate Change provides a clear strategy for addressing the challenges posed

by climate change

voluntary domestic commitment to reduce, by the year 2020,

the emissions intensity of our GDP by 20-25 percent as compared to

2005 levels

Emissions Trading Schemes to reduce the level of ambient air pollution near major industrial

clusters

“greening” rural development

regenerate and conserve the natural resource base use clean materials, technologies and processes to create

environment friendly products

strengthen the climate resilience of the rural poor

National Cyber security   policy Topic: Basics of cyber security[Paper III]National cyber security policy secure cyber ecosystem in india and thereby enhance IT adoption in various sectors  enhance global cooperation on cyber security issues   protect stored information  strengthen regulatory framework  enhance intelligence gathering capabilities with regard to threats to ICT infrastructure  enhance protection of critical information infrastructure  develop indigenous security technologies  create workforce of 5 lakh professionals in cyber security in 5 years  encourage private businesses to adopt standard security practices  appropriate legislative intervention to tackle cyber crimeAnimal Husbandry

Topic: Economics of animal rearing [GS 3]

Schemes by Ministry of women and child   development Syllabus Topic:Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections

Women and child welfare paradigm shift in its approach to social sector issues which were earlier

welfare oriented but now look at holistic empowermentSignificant Legislations

Sexual Harassment of Women at Work Place covers all women irrespective of their age and employment status at

the private and public working spaces including domestic workers and those in the unorganised and informal sectors of work

Clients and customers are covered through this Act Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act,

protection to children from the offences of sexual assault, sexual harassment and pornography through stringent punishment.

mandates special courts for speedy trial, child friendly procedures in courts and punishment for not reporting the offence to police or appropriate authority

Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Amendment Bill, 2012 has been introduced

Schemes for Women

Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls all-round development of adolescent girls of 11-18 years by making

them self-reliantby improving their health and nutrition status and facilitating access to learning and public services through various interventionssuch as health, education, vocational training and counselling and guidance at the AnganwadiCenters

‘Ujjawala’ o prevent trafficking on the one hand and also provides rescue and

rehabilitation of victims five specific components-

Prevention, Rescue, Rehabilitation, Reintegration and Repatriation of victims of trafficking

conditional cash transfer scheme, Indira Gandhi MatritvaSahyogYojana (IGMSY) included in the DBT scheme of the government.

implemented on pilot basis in 53 selected districts using the platform of ICDSproviding cash to Pregnant & Lactating (P&L) women during pregnancy and lactation in response to individual fulfilling specific conditionsaddresses short term income support objectives with long term objective of behavioural and attitudinal changes

‘Swadhar’ scheme home-based holistic and integrated approach.

women in difficult circumstancesprovides shelter, food, clothing, counselling, training, clinical and legal aid and aims to rehabilitate the women in difficult circumstances.train and upgrade skills of women and to provide project based employment under identified sectors

Support to Training & Employment Programme One Stop Crisis Centre for Women

addresses the need for positive steps to be taken for women in crisis to provide immediate relief for the victims

Poorna Shakti Kendra one stop centre for services to women were opened in 150 Gram

Panchayatsact as motivators for the women in the Gram Panchayat and are also responsible for providing training on various issues.Schemes for Children

Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme restructured and strengthened ICDS will be rolled out in three phases

covering 200 high burden districts

early childhood care and developmentAnganwadi will now be the first village outpost for health, nutrition and early learning for children and mothers

Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS) provides a protective environment for children in difficult

circumstances, as well as other vulnerable children, through Government-Civil Society partnership

o    Childline’ service, which is an emergency outreach service for children in need of care and protection through a 24-hour phone helpline (1098), has been expanded to 274 cities/districts

o    drafting a national Plan of Action to combat the declining child sex ratioPDS reforms

IS THERE ANY VIABLE ALTERNATIVE TO AFSPA3Armed forces are trained to operate in War zone. However in India, due to internal disturbances Army had to be called in certain areas facing internal disturbance. For Army to perform their duties effectively in populated areas,it was felt that Army needed certain special powers. The Government sanctioned these powers by passing Armed Forces Special Powers Act in 1950s.AFSPA provided immunity to Army personnel for their actions when deployed in populated areas to combat insurgency.               The AFSPA  Act was first imposed in insurgency hit areas of North East in 1950.Army personnel had powers to shoot down people if they assembled in large numbers; powers to arrest or search without warrant. Later this Act was also imposed in Jammu and Kashmir in 1990 to combat terrorism. Over the years there has been a wide spread public protest against the Act in both Jammu Kashmir and North East. There are several allegations against Army of torture,rape ,and murder.               Recently several unmarked graves found in Kashmir lending credence to the allegation that army was committing human right violations. Army on other hand claims that AFSPA is essential for it to effectively fight terror. This is because , unlike in a  war zone where enemy can be easily spotted, a terrorist moves with the crowd. There is no denying the fact that army needs adequate autonomy for it to effectively combat terror and insurgency.

                For over a decade now there have been demands to repeal AFSPA from various quarters of society. Many allege that legal immunity to army has allowed them to commit human rights violation with impunity. However army has stuck to its stand that AFSPA is necessary for it to fight terrorism and insurgency. A way out of this impasse is to find a middle path that allows for prosecution of army personnel in cases involving gross human right violations and putting in place an internal ombudsman for army to inquire into other cases. This would meet the demands of both army and people while also reinforcing faith of people in its army  DCT- should it complement or substitute PDS?India spends close to two percent of its GDP as subsidies for the poor. Subsidies are seen as a means to provide basic livelihood security to the poor. Subsidies in form of both cash and kind are provided under various schemes of government. A common criticism against these schemes is that it is riddled with inefficiencies and leakages. As a result a large chunk of subsidies are not reaching the intended beneficiaries. Government is considering the idea of direct cash transfer as a means to correct the inefficiencies in existing system.                Direct cash transfer aims at delivering subsidies directly to beneficiary in form of cash. Two major pillars of this scheme are Unique identity under UID and financial inclusion. While UID helps authenticate identity of the beneficiary ,financial inclusion would ensure that regular subsidy payments are made into beneficiaries bank account,there by acting as a source of insurance. This idea is largely based on the succesfull cash transfer schemes in Latin America. There are several inherent advantages in cash transfer schemes vis-à-vis in-kind subsidies. It is more transparent and simple, provides wider choice to beneficiary and provides income security to the poor. In this context there have been demands to replace the leaky public distribution system(PDS) with direct cash transfer                PDS has been the mainstay of governments efforts to ensure food security of those living below the poverty line. Today fair price shops are spread across the length and breadth of the country. Despite large leakages, many still consider it a necessity.  With such a vast reach, it would be better to improve efficiency of existing system rather than replacing it with a new system without adequate infrastructure. The best way forward is to make use of UID in authenticating beneficiaries availing PDS. This would help eliminate ghost beneficiaries thereby cutting down leakages. Automation of processes will aid in real time monitoring of sale of grains.                The direct cash transfer scheme in current scenario is useful in consolidating existing cash transfer schemes like pension and scholarship. While expanding the scope of DCT, government should consider the ground level infrastructure like bank branches, authentication tools etc. Mere transplantation of cash transfer model that was successful in a predominantly urban Latin America to Indian society would have deleterious impact.  A lot of grass root level changes

need to be brought in before widening the scope of cash transfers to include essential goods like food grains.Human developmentThis is a summary of Human development chapter of economic survey [ http://indiabudget.nic.in/es2012-13/echap-13.pdf%5D

to reap demographic dividend population needs to be skilled, healthy and literate

india ranks 134 on HDI due to low literacy and poor healthcare

ranks 129 on gender inequality’ worse than pakistan, bangladesh and srilanka

dimensions of inclusive development poverty alleivation employment generation health education women empowerment social welfare financial inclusion social inclusion

social sector spending mostly focussed on education[40% of social sector spending]

3.3% of GDP spent on education public health expenditure much lesser than private health expenditure

1.36% of GDP Poverty

poverty line based on monthly per cap consumption expenditure MPCE arrived at through NSSO surveys every 5 years

poverty declined from 37 to 30% between 2004-05 to 2009-10 1.5% decline per year

improvements in IMR and income inequality

gini coefficient measures deviation of distribution of income India-35.8  lower than SOuthafrica, lankaetc

rural consumption expenditure increased at faster rate than urban employment

grew by 1.6% per annum in last decade slowed down in second half of decade lower labour force participation rate

declined from 430 in 2004-05 to 400 per thousand greater number of people opting for education/skill development

female employment fall in female employment in rural areas indicates  more rural women are continuing education

unemployment declined in last 5 years unemployment rate decline greater than employment growth

more people are opting for education poverty alleivation schemes

MGNREGA 53% women participated against mandated 33% enhances bargaining power of agricultural labour reduced distress migration recent initiatives

electronic fund management to reduce delays in wage disbursal additional employment beyond 100 days in drought affected

areas integration with UID convergence with other schemes like total sanitation campaign

NRLM also called ajeevika self employment program assist poor families through bank credit and subsidy for creating

income generating assets features

every woman member from poor household must be member of a SHG

SHG members provided training provision of funds to SHG and also interest subsidy

SJSRY For urban unemployed and Under employed encourage self employment

social protection programmes AABY

life and disability cover 18-59 years includes rural landless includes education scholarship for children

RSBY 30000 per family per annum

75:25 share 90:10 special category states

smart card based portability National social security fund

support schemes for unorganised sector like beedi workers, weavers, toddy tappers etc

Rural infrastructure development Bharat nirman

water supply electrification irrigation roads housing telecommunication

Indira awasyojana PM gram sadakyojana rural drinking water program

aims to provide 40 ltr per cap per day   so far 84% rural houses covered

sanitation only 32% household have toilets new strategy- community sanitation approach

urban infrastructure program JNNURM

includes provision of shelter and basic services to urban poor extended till 2014

Skill development National skill development council approved 24 training projects Udaan- private sector led skills training program for JK youth

Education 12th plan focus

teacher training accountability enforcement capacity building in secondary schools

Elementary and secondary education Right to education

out of school population 134 lakh to 81 lakh between 2005-09 inservice teacher traning imrpovement in school infrastructure

Mid day meals covers 1-8 standard

convergence with NRHM MIS used to monitor scheme

RMSA aims at improving access and quality of secondary education includes infrastructure, teacher training

Models schools scheme implemented in 6000 educationally backward blocks implemented by state government

saksharbharat adult education aimed at 80% literacy by end of 11th FYP

higher education among largest in world with over 600 universities 11th plan initiatives

improvement of access curriculum reforms use of IT for distance education

Health NRHM

launched in 2005 increased community involvement decentralized public health system improved manpower, drugs, equipment

JSY launched 2005 to reduce MMR promotes institutional deliveries

Jananishishusurakshayojana covers all pregnant women free delivery, drugs, diet, transport etc

National vector borne disease contorl, programme to contorl malaria, dnegue, chikungunya, japanese encephalitis, Kala-

azar, lymphatic filariasis kala-azar , filariasis to be eliminated by 2015

PM swasthyasurakshayojana to correct regional imbalance in territary healthcare 6 AIIMS like institutes to come up in

bhopal bhubaneswar jodhpur patna rishikesh

AYUSH mainstream allopathic services

women and child development ICDS IGMSY Rashtriyamahilakosh

micro credit to poor women policies to address violence against women

varma committee-examine punishments in cases of aggravted sexual assault

ushamehra committee- identify lapses in policing in delhi crisis centres counselling centres financial assistance to victims

challenges need to balance imperatives of growth and inclusion growth should lead to higher and better jobs need to move towards more production and growth oriented schemes convergence of schemes empower PRIs and promote decentralisation in plan programme

implementation need to convert outlays into outcomes

Boxes Socio economic caste census

puprose – to better identify BPL families based on NC saxena recommended criteria door to door enumeration conducted by states with support from union

ASER education survey positive

increased enrollment better pupil teacher ratio better provision of girl toilets more libraries

negatives fall in basic reading and arithmetic levels children attendance  declined 

Public administration in pictures: Evolution of public administration

quotes for essays on polity   topics ·         It is the scared responsibility of every citizen, judge and lawyer to the country,

that the luster of judicial   portals is not diminished, its pious reputation not tarnished and that judiciary as the bulwark of freedom grows from strength to strength

·         Obstruction, opposition and cooperation are all legitimate parliamentary previleges- ArunJaitley

·         Constitution of india provides ample scope to accommodate any legitimate demand through dialogue, civil discourse and peaceful negotiations-Manmohansingh

·         Democracy means the need to explain, the need to justify, the need to convince,the need to get people on board, the need to compromise.-Jairamramesh

·         Parliament is aorta of authority through which the sustaining blood of government flows.

·         Parliament is an assembly of humans. It must have human virtues, vices and failures

 Courts are transforming from being arbitrators of disputes into insititutions of governance

·      Constitution is an organic document that operates not in isolation, but in tune with live realities of peopleSHOULD INDIA GO NUCLEAR IN A BIG WAY?Please find below an essay i wrote for CSR essay contest. managed to bag a consolation prize.

India has made phenomenal economic progress in last 2 decades. The economic reforms in 1991 unleashed the entrepenuerial spirits which lead to upliftment of millions out of povery. Today we stand amidst the fastest growing nations in world. Despite our phenomenal growth we still havent been able to address the problems of infrastructure.

                Power generation has failed to keep pace with rapid economic growth.This has widened the energy deficit. Over 50% of india’s households lack electric supply. Current power generation is 1.7 lakh MW of which 70% is generated using fossil fuels. By 2020 consumption demand is expected to be double the current demand. There is an urgent need to ramp up electricity generation.                India’s economic growth has been fuelled by high growth in service sector.Nowservice sector growth has saturated and government is focusing on bringing about growth in manufacture sector. Growth in manufacture sector will lead to greater demand on power supply. Power sector needs to grow at a rate which leads to narrowing the deficit and support a double digit growth of economy. To achieve this, new sources of power generation from renewable and non conventional sources of energy needs to be explored. 

Currently over 70% of India’s crude oil is imported from middle east and west asia. This dependence on outside world threatens India’s energy security. The coal reserves India are of low quality and can’t be put to efficient use in thermal power generation.Apart from that most of our natural resources lie under dense forests. Environmental concerns have led to a slow down in mineral explorations and it is unlikely that India will be able to rapidly increase its fossil fuel productions.

Another option that has been explored is hydel power. Jawaharlal Nehru hailed dams as temples of  modern India. Hydel power generation requires damming rivers . Most of rivers in India are inter state rivers and multi purpose river projects have lead to numerous river water disputes. Dams have also lead to displacement to the tribals and poor with no significant relief and rehabilitation measures. In this scenario , solar and nuclear seem to be the only feasible options to power indias growth.

Government has launched the jawaharlalnehru solar mission with a target of producing 20 GW of solar power by 2022. India being a tropical country has enormous potential for solar energy. However solar technology is still in primitive stage and is costly for a poor country like India. It lacks the ability to bridge the widening energy deficit  in India. India needs an energy source that can generate electricity at a rate that it exceeds the growth in demand and provide a surplus which could be shared with its energy starved negihbours.

                India has 25% of World Thorium which is capable of producing three lakh Mega Watts for three hundred years.Hence nuclear power is one source that has the potential to meet the challenges thrown up by India. Nuclear power is a compact source of energy requiring lower quantites of fuel in comparison to coal based thermal power station. It is environmentally benign and its green house gas emissions are comparable to that of wind power. India’s nuclear power programme was charted out by visionary scientists DrHomibhabha keeping in view the limited urnaium and abundant thorium resources that India possessed. India’s first nuclear

power plant came into operation in 1969. However the nuclear apartheid imposed by world on India lead to a slow progress on its peaceful civil nuclear programme. 

In 2008, India managed to came out nuclear apartheid following multiple rounds of negotiation with US on a civil nuclear deal. This has opened up an opportunity to make up for the lost time and make progress on its nuclear programme. However keeping in view the mammoth challenge lying ahead, it was unwise to wait for indegenous nuclear technology to mature and meet the demands. Hence India is now pursuing a approach comprising of two dimensions

a)      Encourage foreign reactor technology useb)      Support India’s indegenous 3 stage programme

In this context, Indian government has negotiated deals with several countries on nuclear cooperation. India now aims to increase its nuclear power production from 4500 MW to 64000 MW by 2032. Today the world is vying for space in India’s vast nuclear market. Rapid economic growth in last 2 decades has provided it with enough finances to invest in capital intensive sectors like nuclear power. Despite being capital intensive, in long run its cost works out to be comparable to that of coal.                Nuclear power however is an issue that needs to be dealt with cautiously . It is a double edged sword, especially in a densely populated country like India. The recent incidents of nuclear meltdowns in japan has created a fear among the people. Lack of effort on part of government to educate and enlighten the masses about nuclear power has further comlpicated the issue. The civil society has come out openly opposing nuclear power. They fear the repercussions of a possible radiation leak. However indian nuclear scientists have succesfully managed to run nuclear plants for over 4 decades without any major accidents.  Every technology has its own pros and cons. Even the electricity which can lighten up our lives has the potential to end our life. So there is a need to weigh the pros and cons rather than look at it as an issue of black and white.                Lack of transparency in the way organisations responsible for running nuclear power are run further deepens the mistrust among people. Government needs to take steps to make the organisations like NPCIL more transparent accountable. In this regard, the government’s move to make AERB an independent and autonomous body is commendable. Another area of concern is the fear that indegenous nuclear power programme would be neglected. This fear is very much valid. Our scientists have achieved phenomenal success despite the restricted environment they were forced to work in pre 2008. Today India’s scientists have pioneered the fast breeder technology and optimum use of thorium fuel cycle. No effort has been made by government to harness the intellectual potential of our scientists in the proposed new phase of expansion. Instead of focusing on joint research and development with other nations, we are seeking direct transplantation of foreign technology.

In this era of computerisation and digitalisation, the slogan of roti kapdamakan has transformed into bijli, sadak , pani. Electricity which once was a luxury has become a necessity now. This should have a bearing on everyone. The previleged few must take cognisance of this and make efficient use of electricity. Government must encourage energy efficiency through star rating, awards etc. Our electric transmission and distribution systems have been caught up in cobwebs of time. It is hightime that modern smart grid technologies are put to use. The rampant corruption and maladministration in state electricity boards need to be set right. Populist schemes invovling distribution of free power leads to unsustainable use of resources and needs to be done away with.

India’s foreign policy is rooted in its tradition of non alignment. In order to stand by it, there is a need to avoid over dependence on outside support for energy resources. Therefore India needs to take every measure to diversify its options both in terms of resources and countries.For balanced energy mix, energy independence and security, climate change and avoiding green house gases, sustainable development, nuclear power must be pursued.  Along with nuclear we need to continue supporting research and development in other areas like wind and solar energy. With the rapid pace of urbanisation and penetration of benefits of growth deeper into the society, it is inevitable that energy demand will rise exponentially.

The rapid pace of urbanisation and penetration of benefits of growth deeper into the society, it is inevitable that energy demand will rise exponentially. In the current scenario, it is only nuclear power that has the capability to meet such a challenge. However this is not to say that nuclear is the only way, we must keep our mind open to any new development in field of power generation in future and harness new innovations to our advantage. Therefore while India goes big on nuclear it must not lose sight of other potential contenders which have the potential to fulfill the growing demand of indians.

   Jainismin jainism there is panchamvrats which is expected to be followed by monks they are  CLIPSC- chastity-BrahmacharyaL-non Lying-satyaI-non injury-ahimsaP-non possession-aparigrahaS-non stealing-asteya

PUB AD:Leader Vs   Manager Leadership vs ManagerA leader is a person who inspires people in a desired direction. He sets the vision for an organization and initiates change. He aligns people and empowers them to

achieve the goals. He is more informal in behavior. A leader has stylistic gift of grace and enjoys powerA manager gets things done. He helps in achieving the vision by monitoring and controlling the employees. He plans the path towards achieving the goals. He has a status and authority.In an organization, both leader and manager strive towards the same goals. But their style of functioning is different. A leader achieves the goals by empowering the people while a manager achieves by monitoring and controlling people. A manager is directly involved at the field level in achieving the goals while leader is indirectly involved. The common functions of leader and manager area) Decision makingb) Human relationc) Achieving visionA leader performs decision making by setting a vision while a manager does so by planning and budgeting.A leader has a informal relationship with his followers and inspires them to achieve the goals while Manager has a formal relationship with subordinates and organizes and staffs themA leader achieving the vision by communicating the vision while manager strives to achieve vision by monitoring and controlling the subordinates.A manager is wary of creation of power centres. Hence he monitors and controls subordinates after delegating authority to them.For optimal effectiveness of an organization , both leaders and managers are essential.CENTRE state relationsOur constitution is federal. Hence it provides for separation in powers. But judicial powers are not separated. As they wanted a single integrated judiciary to enforce centre and state laws.Rest of the powers ieadministrative,legislative and financial powers are bifurcatedLEGISLATIVE POWERS:Art 245-255 The legislative powers are divided into 3 listsUnion , State and concurrent listsLegislation on union subjects only by parliamentLegislation on state subjects only by state and under exceptional circumstance by parliamentLegislation on concurrent subjects by state and parliament with parliament getting higher priorityThe exceptions under which parliament can legislate in state are• When rajyasabha says so• When two states request

• During national emergency• During prez rule• To implement international treaties and agreementsAlso the centre can take control of state legislature when• When governor reserves• When prez asks to reserve• Certain state subjects like restrictions on freedom of state and commerceEXECUTIVE POWERS:Executive powers are divided on same lines as legislative powers. So Executive power of centre is on matters related to subjects in union list and any other matter that arises out of international agreementsExecutive power of state is on subjects in state and concurrent list.Hence laws on concurrent subject are made by centre and executed by stateThe state must exercise power in such a way that1. it is in line with laws of parliament and state 2. The centre’s executive power is not impededIf the centre’s orders aren’t complied with, then centre can take coercive action against state under art 365 and impose prez rule(356)The cntre gives suggestion/directions in matters of1. Establishing and maintaining communication2. Protection of railways in the state3. Ensuring education in local language till primary stage4. Drawing up schemes for welfare of ST in stateUnlike the division of powers of legislative powers which is rigid, in case of executive powers is flexible.Mutual delegation of executive powers is possiblePrez can delegate centres executive power to state with consent of stateParliament can also by law confer an executive power on a subject in union list to state.A governor of state can delegate any of the executive functions of state onto centre with centre’s consentHence a centre can delegate its executive powers to state by consent or legislation while a state can delegate its powers to centreoly by consentRole of CAG- Public administration &   GS Auditing is the task of counterchecking accounts. In india the auditing of government audits is done by comptroller auditor general as provided under article 148. Auditing is a legislative functions. Hence comptroller auditor general is an agent of parliament. He is appointed by president and submits the report to the president. CAG is responsible for auditing ofa. Central government accountsb. State government accounts

c. Central public sector undertakingd. State public sector undertakinge. Public corporationsf. Joint stock companies ie PPPsg. Consolidated fund of indiah. Contingency fund of indiai. Public accountsCAG can perform the following types of auditsa. Revenue audit: It involves auditing the income of a departmentb. Expenditure audit: It involves auditing the expenditure of public money by a departmentc. Properietary audit: It involves auditing the expenditure of parliament granted funds of a departmentd. Stores and stocks audit: It is the physical verification of assetse. Efficiency audit: It examines the benefits accrued from the expenditure madeCAG audits accounts that he receives from Comptroller general of accounts. The audit report is forwarded to the president. The president forwards it to the parliament. The task of auditing being a legislative task is primarily to be undertaken by parliament. But since the parliamentarians lack the technical knowhow to conduct an audit, CAG conducts the audit on their behalf. The audit report is handed over to the public accounts committee in parliament. The CAG aids the committee in analysing the report in following ways• Whom to examine?• What to examine?• How to examine?• Suggest actions to be taken• Helps in analysis of action taken reportThrough these functions CAG acts as a friend, philosopher, guide of public accounts committee.CAG also plays the role of watch dog of public purse by keeping a vigilant watch on the expenditure made by public servants. CAG at times has also played the role of a blood hound. When CAG’s requests werent heeded to by public servants, CAG personally investigated and gathered evidences for example in the bihar fodder scam, coffin scam of kargil etc. CAG in india suffers from the lack of authority. CAG doesn’t have the authority to demand for infroamtion from public officials. It is through the PAC that he exercises authority. Depsite these flaws CAG has played a key role in governance in our country. Many a miscrepancies have been brought to light in recent times due to the watchful eyes of CAG.Monsoon forecast

·         Prediction of a normal monsoon

o   Deficient : rain less than 90% of long period averageo   Below normal: 90-96%    “o   Normal: 96-104%o   Above normal:104-110%o   Excess:110%+·         La Niña effecto   Cooling of eastern and central pacific waterso   Results in good monsoons in India·         El Niño effecto   Warming of equatorial eastern pacific waterso   Associated with 65% of droght years· Indian ocean dipoleo   Due to anomalies in sea surface temperatures of easter and western indian oceano   A positive phase sees greater-than-average sea-surface temperatures and greater

precipitation in the western Indian Ocean region, with a corresponding cooling of waters in the eastern Indian Ocean—which tends to cause droughts in adjacent land areas of Indonesia and Australia. The negative phase of the IOD brings about the opposite conditions, with warmer water and greater precipitation in the eastern Indian Ocean, and cooler and drier conditions in the west.

Smart Police: Smart acronym by Mr. Modi Strict and Sensitive, Modern and Mobile, Alert and Accountable, Reliable and Responsive, and Trained and Techno-savvy