POETRYA form of literary art

created to evoke meaning.

Types of PoemsO Lyric= musical verse; expresses

observations & feelings of a single speaker.

O Sonnet= 14 line lyric poem

1. Petrarchan- has an octave and a sestet:• octave states a theme or asks a question,• sestet comments on or answers the question.

2. Shakespearean- has three quatrains and a couplet.

Types of poemsO Narrative Poem= A poem that tells a story. -it is longer than the lyric styles of poems. - has characters and a plot.

O Ode= A formal, often ceremonious lyric poem that celebrates a person, place, thing, or idea.

O Epic= A long narrative poem in which a heroic protagonist engages in an action of great mythic or historical significance.

O Prose poem= A prose is not broken into verse lines, but has poetic symbols, metaphors, and other figures of speech common to poetry.

Types of poemsO Pastoral= Praises the virtues of rural life

O The bop= a form of poetic argument consisting of three stanzas, each stanza followed by a repeated line, or refrain, and each undertaking a different purpose in the overall argument of the poem.

O Elegy= A poem or song composed especially

as a lament for a death may end in consolation.

other types of poems

O CoupletO DirgeO HymnO Lyric

O LimerickO HaikuO BalladO Heroicand many more

Poetic termsO Form= the appearance of the words on the

page

O Line= a group of words together on one line of the poem

O Verse= a single line, poetry, a particular form of poetry, a stanza .

• Blank verse- Written in lines of iambic pentameter, but does NOT use end rhyme.

• Free verse- Unlike metered poetry, free verse poetry does NOT have any repeating patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables.

- Does NOT have rhyme.

Stanza= a group of lines arranged together or formal division of lines in a poem.

• Couplet- two line stanza

• Triplet- three line stanza

• Quatrain- four line stanza

• Quintet- five line stanza

• Sestet- six line stanza

• Septet- seven line stanza

• Octave- an eight line stanza

Meter= rhythmical pattern determined by a number and types of stresses or beats in a line.

• Stress: greater amount of force used to pronounce one syllable over another

• Pause: a pause for a beat in the rhythm of the verse indicated punctuation)

• Iambic: unstressed, stressed (Again; repeat)

• Anapestic: unstressed, unstressed, stressed (on the beach)

• Trochaic: stressed, unstressed (wonder, older)

• Dactylic: stress, unstressed, unstressed (wonderful)

• Spondaic: stress, stress (space walk, heartbreak)

Kinds of Metrical Lines• Monometer - one foot on a line

• Dimeter - two feet on a line

• Trimeter - three feet on a line

• Tetrameter - four feet on a line

• Pentameter - five feet on a line

• Hexameter - six feet on a line

• Heptameter - seven feet on a line

• Octameter - eight feet on a line

“Poetic devices”figures of speech

O Metaphor= where word or phrase or idea is used in lace of another to suggest likeness or described as though it were something else.

O Extended metaphor= A metaphor that continues through several lines or possibly the entire length of a poem

O Simile= A figure of speech that uses like or as to make a direct comparison between two unlike ideas.

O Oxymoron= combination of contradictory words.

O Personification= animation of the inanimate or non-human subject is given human characteristics.

“Poetic devices” sound

O Alliteration= Repetition of initial consonant sounds.

O Onomatopoeia= The use of words that imitate sounds

O Consonance= The repeated consonant sounds can be anywhere in the words

O Assonance= Repeated vowel sounds in a line or lines of poetry

other devicesO Allusion= A reference to a well-known

person, place, event, literary work, or work of art

O Imagery= descriptive language used to create word pictures using the senses.

O Symbolism= anything that stands for or represents something else

O Mood= The feeling created in the reader by a literary work

other devicesO Diction= word choice (including

vocabulary used, appropriateness of words & vividness of language.)

O Hyperbole= deliberate exaggeration or overstatement.

O Apostrophe= form of personification in which absent or dead are spoken to as if present.

O Tone= writer’s attitude toward his or her audience and subject matter.

other devicesO Refrain= A sound, word, phrase or line

repeated regularly in a poem.

O Repetition= The use, more than once, of any element of language.

O Rhythm= Pattern of beats or stresses in spoken or written language.

O Rhyme= Repetition of sounds at the end of words. A regular pattern of rhyming words in a poem.

about Rhyme

O Near rhyme= The words share the same vowel or consonant sound but not both.

O Internal rhyme= A word inside a line that rhymes with another word on the same line.

O End rhyme= A word at the end of one line rhymes with a word at the end of another line

O Rhyme scheme= a pattern of rhyme or regular pattern of rhyming words in a poem.

and IronyO Verbal= used to mean something different

from what a person actually says. It is used by a speaker intentionally. The speaker means something different to what is literally meant. Two types of verbal irony:

• Overstatement= when a person exaggerates the character of something.

• Understatement= when a person undermines the character of something.

• Sarcasm= used to insult or to cause harm

IronyO Situational= occurs when the exact opposite of

what is meant to happen, happens. A difference between what is expected to happen and what actually happens. For situation irony to occur there has to be something that leads a person to think that a particular situation is unlikely happen.

O Dramatic= occurs when the audience is aware of something that the characters in the story are not aware of, and when a character in a play does or says something that communicates a meaning unknown to her but recognized by the audience.

PoemsSonnet CXVI: Let me not to the Marriage of True Mindsby William Shakespeare

Let me not to the marriage of true mindsAdmit impediments. Love is not loveWhich alters when it alteration finds,Or bends with the remover to remove:

O no; it is an ever-fixed mark, That looks on tempests, and is never shaken;It is the star to every wandering bark,Whose worth's unknown, although his height be taken.

Love's not Time's fool, though rosy lips and cheeks Within his bending sickle's compass come; Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks, But bears it out even to the edge of doom.

If this be error and upon me proved, I never writ, nor no man ever loved.

“Ozymandias” by Percy Bysshe Shelley

I met a traveler from an antique land Who said: Two vast and trunkless legs of stone Stand in the desert. Near them, on the sand, Half sunk, a shattered visage lies, whose frown, And wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command, Tell that its sculptor well those passions read Which yet survive, stamped on these lifeless things, The hand that mocked them, and the heart that fed; And on the pedestal these words appear: “My name is Ozymandias, king of kings: Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!” Nothing beside remains. Round the decay Of that colossal wreck, boundless and bare The lone and level sands stretch far away.

How To Study A PoemO Read the poem out loud and slowly .O What is the poem about?O What type of a poem is it?O Who is the speaker in the poem?O Who is the speaker addressing? O How many stanzas are in the poem?

How To Study A Poem

O What is the subject of the poem?O What are the themes of the poem?O What is the message of the poem?O What is the setting?O What is the mood of the poem?O What poetic devices did the poet

use?

How To Study A PoemO How many lines are in the stanzas or

poem? O Does the poem rhyme or use free verse?O If the poem uses rhyme, what is the

rhyme scheme?O How does the poem make you feel?O What images does the poem evoke?

Why?O What is the most important word or

phrase in the poem Why?

ReferencesBueza, R. and Lopez, R. Introduction to poetry. Accessed from: http://www.slideshare.net/nielrich013/poetry-26926699?qid=e3ca00ee-6e0a-4082-9a6b-976392b9a2c3&v=default&b=&from_search=14 on 14.03.2014.

Brantley, M. Poetry terminology. Accessed from: http://www.slideshare.net/MBrantley/poetry-terminologypresentation?qid=4848ea67-774c-4f8b-9d05-2551b4226fc9&v=default&b=&from_search=27 on 14.03.2014.

Dimitrov, A. Academy of American poets. Accessed from:http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/17105 on 17.03.2014.

DeWeese, P. de Wees Poetry notes. Accessed from: http://www.slideshare.net/deweesep/de-weese-poetry-notes-ppt1 on 14.03.2014.

Slosek, M. Poetry foundation. Accessed from: http://www.poetryfoundation.org/poem/174373 on 17.03.2014.