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    Aristotle's Poetics

    April Joyce Natad

    Inah Claire Perez

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    ARISTOTLE

    Aristotle was born in Stagirain north Greece, the son of

    Nichomachus, the court

    physician to the Macedonian

    royal family

    He was trained first inmedicine, and then in 367 he

    was sent to Athens to study

    philosophy with Plato.

    He founded the famousPerpatetic School and

    lectured on subjects covering

    widely diverse fields,

    including physics, zoology,

    politics, ethics, metaphysics,

    logic, rhetoric, and poetry.

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    POETICS

    The poetics is a short treatise of

    twenty-six chapters. It is a

    systematic exposition of the

    theory and practice of poetry.

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    CHAPTERS I TO 3

    Mimesis

    MediaObjects

    Manner

    Rhythm,

    Language, and

    Harmony

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    CHAPTERS I TO 3

    Mimesis

    MediaObjects

    Manner

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    CHAPTERS I TO 3

    Mimesis

    MediaObjects

    Manner Narrative orDrama

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    CHAPTER 4

    Origin of PoetryThe History of Tragedy and Comedy

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    CHAPTER 5

    Comedy

    Epic

    Tragedy

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    TRAGEDY

    A representation of a serious, complete action whichhas magnitude, in embellished speech, with each ofits elements [used] separately in the [various] parts[of the play]; [represented] by people acting and notby narration; accomplishing by means of pity andterror the catharsis of such emotions

    EMBELLISHED SPEECH has rhythm and melodyCATHARSIS to cleanse or to purify

    CHAPTER 6

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    COMPONENTS OF A TRAGEDY

    medium object mode

    diction plot spectacle

    song character

    thought

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    CHAPTERS 7-8

    8/11/2014

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    CHAPTER 9

    The function of a poet to relate not things that

    have happened, but things that may happen

    Poetry is a more philosophical and more

    serious thing than history

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    CHAPTER 10

    Simple Plot

    Complex Plot

    represents a change of fortune which does not

    come about through a reversal of the situation

    and does not involve recognition on the part ofthe hero.

    the change of fortune emerges of necessityfrom the events preceding it. It is brought

    about through a reversal of the situation or

    recognition, or both.

    The king died and then the queen died

    The king died, and then the queen died of grief

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    CHAPTER 11

    Reversal

    Recognition

    Suffering

    A change of the action to their opposite in

    accordance with probability or necessity

    A change from ignorance to knowledge, and so

    to either friendship or enmity, among people

    defined in relation to good fortune or misfortune

    A destructive or painful action

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    CHAPTER 12

    I. Prologue

    II. Episode

    III. ExitIV. Choral

    A. Processional

    B. Stationary

    PARTS OF TRAGEDY

    Before the processional

    [song] of the chorusBetween whole choral

    songsAfter which there is nosong of the chorus

    First whole

    utterance of thechorusA song of thechorus without

    anapaestic trochaic

    verse

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    CHAPTER 13

    BAD

    Decent menundergoing a change

    from good fortune to

    misfortune

    GOOD

    A change from goodfortune to misfortune,

    not because of

    wickedness but

    because of a great

    error

    CONSTRUCTING PLOTS

    Wicked men [passing]from misfortune to

    good fortune

    A thoroughly villainousperson falling from

    good fortune to

    misfortune

    It should represent terrifying and pitiable

    events

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    CHAPTER 15

    Characters should be

    Good

    Appropriate

    Life-like

    Consistent

    Since tragedy is a representation

    of people who are better than we

    are. [The poet] should emulate the

    good portrait-painters. In

    rendering peoples particularshape, while making them [life-]

    like, they paint them as finer [than

    they are]. So too the poet, as he

    represents people who are angry,lazy, or have other such traits,

    should make them such in their

    characters, *but+ decent *too+.

    CHARACTERS

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    CHAPTER 16

    I. Signs

    A. Congenital

    B. Acquired

    i. Body

    ii. External

    II. Made up by the poet

    III. Memory

    IV. Resulting from an inference

    V. Results from the incidents

    RECOGNITION

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    CHAPTER 17

    The poet should put the events before his eyes

    as much as he can.

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    CHAPTER 18

    Four Kinds of tragedy

    Complex tragedy

    The tragedy of suffering

    The tragedy of character

    Spectacle

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    Chapter 19

    Diction

    I. demonstration and refutation

    II. production of emotions

    III. the suggestion of importance

    (the expression of thought

    through speech)

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    Chapter 20

    element

    syllable

    particle

    conjunction

    name

    verb

    inflection

    utterance

    a. Vowel

    b. Semi-vowelc. Consonant

    An indivisible sound

    Parts of Diction

    A non-significant sound

    composed of a consonantand [an element] which has

    a sound

    A non-significant sound whichneither preludes, nor brings

    about, the production of a

    single significant sound thatby nature is composed of

    several sounds OR a non-

    significant sound which by

    nature produces, as a result of

    [joining together] several

    sounds that are significant, a

    single significant sound.

    A non-significant sound which

    makes clear the beginning of

    an utterance, its end, or its

    dividing-point, and which by

    nature is placed both at the

    extremities and in the middle

    [of an utterance]

    A composite significant sound

    without [an indication of]

    time, no part of which is

    significant in itself

    A composite significant sound

    with [an indication of] time,

    no part of which is significant

    in itself

    According to the [part] that

    signifies of him, for him

    OR that according to the [part]

    that signifies one or many

    OR that according to the

    delivery

    A composite significant sound,

    some parts of which signify

    something in themselves

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    Chapter 21

    kinds of name

    single (e.g. "earth )

    double ( standard, exotic, metaphor,ornament, made-up, lengthened, reduced,

    altered )

    STANDARDa name which particular

    people uses

    EXOTICa name which other peopleuses

    METAPHORan application of the name belonging tosomething else, either (a) from the genus to the species,

    or (b) from the species to the genus, or (c) from a

    species to [another] species, or (d) according to analogy

    MADE-UPwholly unused by people,

    but which the poet supplies himself

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    Chapter 22

    Style

    -Successful style must be clear but notcommonplace, Aristotle argues. He stresses

    balance: style must use elements of metaphorand the occasional unusual word, or it willnever achieve the effects the poet desires.Too much metaphorical or unfamiliarlanguage, however, will only serve to confusethe audience

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    Chapter 23

    The Epic

    -Aristotle turns to the subject of the epic. Heviews the epic in terms of the tragedy, stating

    that the epic should be constructed with aneye to the drama (we assume he means suchfactors as pacing and dialogue should be givencareful attention) and that, like the tragedy, itshould concern a single, unified action

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    Chapter 24

    The Components of the Epic

    -Epic poetry should also include the same

    types as tragedy: the simple, the complex, the

    poem of character, and the poem of passion.

    Likewise, it should have the same basic

    elements as tragedy

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    Chapter 25

    Criticisms

    impossibility

    irrationality

    moral harmfulness

    contradiction

    failure to conform to artistic rules.

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    Chapter 26

    Which is better,tragedy or epic?"

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    OBJECTIVES

    1. To give advice on writing tragedy to contemporary

    poets.

    2. To answer the objections of dramatic poetry

    expressed by his teacher Plato in the Republic

    3. To explain why effective poetry has stayed with

    audiences for so long.

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    http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/hist

    ory/aristotle.html

    http://www.gradesaver.com/aristo

    tles-poetics/study-guide/major-themes/