Počítačové sítě I, lekce 5: Základy datových komunikací - II

8/11/2019 Potaov st I, lekce 5: Zklady datovch komunikac - II

1/33

IZTM8=8

Xntanv st M

vfrzf 7.8, bfkjf 6, sbmgf 1

IZTM8=80 Xntanv st M (vfrzf 7.8)

@m Xftfrka

Bfkjf 60 Pkbagy gatnvjeknluimkaj - MM


2/33

IZTM8=8

Xntanv st M

vfrzf 7.8, bfkjf 6, sbmgf 3zpngi pm pfinsfje

zpngi smdibu 0

prnpadatmni gfbay vypnvg n tnl, àk gbnuen trv pfifilu

smdibu, ifsf gnstaif zf zatku ia knifj

`f tn gin (knifinu) ryjebnst fi smdibu

v gail pfinsnvl lgmu

cbzknu ryjebnstm fi svtba vf vakuu

jja :88 888 kl/s

v praxm0 vyàgu`f sf akn isncfk ryjebnstm fi svtba (j )

pnt sf àkn0 tprnp< gbka / vfi

zpngi pfinsu 0 traislmssmni gfbay

vypnvg n tnl, za àk gbnuen sf pnga

ngfsbat jfb pfifi cbnk gat

zvms ia gnc, ktfrnu trv ngfsbi 1 cmtu

t`. ia pfinsnv ryjebnstm

v cmtfje za sfkuigu

pnt sf àkn0 ttrais< pnft cmt / vpfinsnv

pm pfinsfje gat gnjez kf zpngi, kvbm0 nlfzfi ryjebnstm fi smdibu pfinsnvl lgmfl

nlfzfi pfinsnv ryjebnstm pfinsnv ryjebnst (v cmtfje za sfkuigu) vypnvg

n tnl, àkgbnuen trv pfins (ngfsbi / p`fl) 1 cmtu

`milm sbnvy0 ak gbnuen luslf fkat, if lflf vysbat gab cmt ..

pfinsnv lgmul vm svtbu kl/s

tbust knaxmbi kacfb 8.44 * j 3:1 888 kl/s

tfik knaxmbi kacfb 8,?6 * j 1=6 888 kl/s

krnujfi gvnubmika (twmst) 8,6= * j 144 888 kl/s

nptmjk vbkin 8,?? * j 1=5 888 kl/s

ngfsmbatfb p`fljf

zpngi

pfinsu zpngipfinsu

zpngismdibu

zpngismdibu

zpngi pfinsu

8

8

i

i

ifzvms ia

gbjf lgma

zvms ia

gbjf


3/33

IZTM8=8

Xntanv st M

vfrzf 7.8, bfkjf 6, sbmgf :zpngi pm pfinsfje

zpngi pm zprajnvi (tprnj) pfgstavu`f gncu, pn ktfrnu sf

prnjfsnr rnzengu`f a laimpubu`f s

pfifilm cbnky gat (pakfty)

pnkug ia i vcfj l as/kapajmtu

`miak cbnky fka` vf ornitje

zpngi vf ornitje (tqufuf) pfgstavu`f gncu, pn ktfrnu cbnky gat

fka` vf vstupije m vstupijeornitje, if ia i pm`gf aga

pm pfpn`nvi pakft0jfbknv zpngi >>

pfpn`nvi pakft ifi mznjernii !!


4/33


5/33

IZTM8=8

Xntanv st M

vfrzf 7.8, bfkjf 6, sbmgf 6 gfomimjf (`fginslri) batfijf `fginslri batfijf, gbf SOJ 13730

prn ifcuoofrnvai pfins (cmt onrwargmid)0

gnca ng (knijf) prvien ngfsbaien cmtu vstupu`jen gn pfinsu (prntn0 Omrst Mi)

gn (zatku) prvien pmàten cmtu (Omrst Nut)

prn cuoofrnvai pfins (stnrf&onrwarg)0

gnca ng (knijf) pnsbfgien ngfsbaien cmtu

gn (zatku) prvien pmàten cmtu

tfnrftmjky (prn tutn gfomimjm)0

batfijf ifi zvmsb ia pfinsnv ryjebnstm

`f gia `fi zpngil smdibu (ktfr zvms ia gbjf)

fxmstu` m abtfriatmvi gfomimjf batfijf

ktfr `m `snu zvmsb ia pfinsnv ryjebnstm

(zpngi pfinsu), m zpngi zprajnvi

BMBN0 Bast Mi, Bast Nut (gbf SOJ 7?5=)

gnca ng (knijf) pnsbfgien ngfsbaien cmtu

gn (knijf) pnsbfgien pmàten cmtu

OMBN0 Omrst Mi, Bast Nut

gnca ng (zatku) prvien ngfsbaien cmtu

gn (knijf) pnsbfgien pmàten cmtu

ngfsmbatfb p`fljf

zpngipfinsu

zpngipfinsu

zpngismdibu

batfijf

batfijf

ngfsmbat

fb

ngfsmbatfb p`fljf

p`fljf

OMON

BMON

(BMBN)

batfijf

(OMBN)

batfijf


6/33

IZTM8=8

Xntanv st M

vfrzf 7.8, bfkjf 6, sbmgf ?gnca ncrtky, SWW

gnca ncrtky ( SWW, Snuig Wrmp Wmlf) `f gabvfbmmia, ktfr pnpmsu`f jenvi pfinsnv st

gfomimjf z SOJ 3?510 gnca ng ngfsbi prvien cmtu pakftu X,ktfr p`fljf if`prvf jfb pm`lf a pak `f` meifg ngfbf zpt,

gn p`lu pnsbfgien cmtu tnentn pakftu

gnca ncrtky `f zvmsb ia vfbmknstm pakftu (cbnku) X m ia pfinsnv

ryjebnstm (skrzf gncu pfinsu)

gnca ncrtky ifzaeriu`f rfaki gncu p`fljf gncu ia zprajnvi pmàten pakftu X

pfgpnkbg sf, f p`fljf pakft ifzprajnvv

a f `fen vrjfi `f rfabmznvin v ET, ppagi ia

rnvim ZT nvbagaf / prntnknbnven stajk-u

acy cybn laxmlbi ryjeb

v praxm0

gnca ncrtky (SWW) sf l utmbmtnu XMID

ngfsba` sf zprvy MJLX Fjen Sfqufst

pm`la` sf zprvy MJLX Fjen Sfpby

ktfr dfifru`f WJX/MX stajk

z`fgingufi0 gnca ncrtky (SWW) sf cfrf àkn

ncnuslri batfijf

m àkn 3x `fginslri batfijf

m kgy tn ifi sprvi/pfsi

p`fljfngfsmbatfb

gnca

ncrtky

(SWW)

vfbmknst X XMID

:3 C 18 ls

1837 C 13 ls

17?8 C 13 ls

1748 C 15 ls

3875 C 38 ls

1?6:? C 178? ls

:34?5 C 35:4 ls

pkbag0

kacfbnv ppn`ka, :8 Lcmt/s

XMID ia ksm.ls.loo.juim.jz

oradlfitajf


7/33

IZTM8=8

Xntanv st M

vfrzf 7.8, bfkjf 6, sbmgf 4 `mttfr (knbsi, rnzptyb) `mttfr vyàgu`f ifgnuj ngjeybky ng nfkvai pravmgfbinstm

knbsi, rnzptyb, oznv ifurmtnst, .

bzf apbmknvat ia agu rzije vfbmmi0 ia (`fginslrinu) batfijm, ia gncu ncrtky (SWW, Snuig Wrmp Wmlf),

ntzka0

àk `mttfr gfominvat a engintmt>

lninstm0

àkn rnzlfz (lmi lax), vf ktfrl sf sbfgnvai vfbmmia pneycu`f pstup MWV, ncvykbf prfofrnvai ng MZX

statmstmjklm lftngalm0 àkn rnzptyb/rnzgbfi sbfgnvai vfbmmiy

gbf SOJ ::=:

ncfji0

l im (lfi) `f `mttfr, tl `f sbfgnvai vfbmmia pravmgfbi` a ianpak0 l vy `mttfr, tl `f vt lra ifpravmgfbinstm sbfgnvai vfbmmiy

pmpnlfiut0 lubtmlfgmbi apbmkajf/sbucy pntfcu` izk `mttfr (pravmgfbi gnrunvai gata),

prntnf f zprajnvva` prci

iapkbag pferva` m zncrazu` gatnvl apbmkajl/sbucl vy `mttfr ifvag, prntnf fka` ia gnrufi vfje gat

pkbag

ifpravmgfbinstm

SWW pm XMIDu


8/33

IZTM8=8

Xntanv st M

vfrzf 7.8, bfkjf 6, sbmgf 5 mznjernii pfins, cmtstrfal mznjernii

0 msnjerninus

< prncea`j vf stf`il asf msn< stf`i, jernins< as

vf slysbu0 s knistaiti batfij

t`. `mttfr < 8

batfijf iflus ct iubnv

a imkgy ifi v praxm0

mznjernii pfins gnruu`f gata

smgfbi pravmgfbinst

vyenvu`f tn lubtmlfgmbil pfins

ncfji0 pfpn`nvi pakft (pajkft swmtjemid)

ifi mznjernii

prntnf pfifi gata sf lnenu zgrft

v lfzmbfebje (pfpn`nvajje) uzbfje pn

pfgfl ifzilnu, ifngeagiutfbinu

a ebavi rzinu - gncu

cmtstrfal

prnug cmt, cmtnv prnug

taknv pfinsnv sbuca, ktfr0 pfi fgintbmv cmty

prntn0 cmt strfal (prnug)

ouidu`f mznjernii

batfijf < knist., `mttfr < 8

pbat prn i`0 pfinsnv ryjebnst < pfinsnv vkni

(ternudeput)

v praxm0

cmtstrfal bzf vyut k rfabmzajmdaraitnvaije pfinsnvje sbufc

s daraitnvainu batfij a `mttfrfl

eng sf prn mlpbflfitajm lubtm-

lfgmbije sbufc

v S0 cmtstrfal ifi iaczfi

811818181 811818181


9/33

IZTM8=8

Xntanv st M

vfrzf 7.8, bfkjf 6, sbmgf =tfjeimky lubtmpbfxu a gflubtmpbfxu

jn `f lubtmpbfx(nvi)>

zpsnc, àk vyut `fgiu pfinsnvnu jfstu prn vjf salnstatije pfins

àk `m rnzgbmt ia vjf st, ktfr sf jenva` àkn salnstati a bzf `f salnstati vyut fxmstu` rzi zpsncy/tfjeimky lubtmpbfxnvi0

aiabndnv0

orfkvfii lubtmpbfx

OGL, Orfqufijy Gmvmsmni Lubtmpbfxmid

vbinv lubtmpbfx

TGL, Tavfbfidte Gmvmsmni Lubtmpbfxmid

gmdmtbi0

asnv lubtmpbfx

WGL, Wmlf Gmvmsmni Lubtmpbfxmid

statmstmjk lubtmpbfx

ZWGL, Ztatmstmjab WGL

kgnv lubtmpbfx

JGL, Jngf Gmvmsmni Lubtmpbfxmid

jn `f gflubtmpbfxnvi>

zpsnc, àk sgrumt vjf pfinsnvje jfst, tak acy sf vsbfgfk jenvab àkn `fgia `fgmi

pfinsnv jfsta

aidbmjky0 addrfdatmni, jeaiifb cnigmid, jeaiifb cuigbmid

rnzgb sf pngbf orfkvfij

(ia lfi orfkvfii kaiby)

rnzgb sf v asf

(ia asnv sfky0 tmlfsbnty)

IZTM8=8


10/33

IZTM8=8

Xntanv st M

vfrzf 7.8, bfkjf 6, sbmgf 18 orfkvfii lubtmpbfx (OGL) aiabndnv tfjeimka lubtmpbfxu

prmijmp0

vstupi smdiby `snu aiabndnv a la` u ku psla

k gmspnzmjm `f mr aiabndnv pfinsnv jfsta

s vt knu pfinsnven psla,

gnstupi psln sf rnzgb ia gb orfkvfii kaiby

tntn rnzgbfi `f pfvi a ifli sf v asf `fgintbmv gb stm iflus ct stf`i !!!

lfzm `fgintbmvlm kaiby lus `ft ct tzv. njeraii

mitfrvaby (duarg mitfrvabs)

iuti kvbm ifgnkniabnstm tfjeinbndmf

kag vstupi smdib sf vbn gn `mien kaibu

kag vstupi smdib sf pfsuif gn `mi orfkvfii pnbney

k `fen orfkvfijm sf pmtf (`mi) knistaita

`fgintbmv (pnsuiut) smdiby sf sbnu a pfifsnu skrzf

(spnbfinu) pfinsnvnu jfstu

p`fljf vrt kag gb smdib gn `fen pvngi orfkvfii

pnbney

t

o[Ez\

t

o[Ez\

t

o[Ez\

o[Ez\

t

o[Ez\

t

t

t

to[Ez\

o[Ez\

t

o[Ez\

t

t

t

t

t

o[Ez\

rfbatmvi vfbk rfmf ia nggbfi kaib (ia njeraii mitfrvaby)

IZTM8=8


11/33

IZTM8=8

Xntanv st M

vfrzf 7.8, bfkjf 6, sbmgf 11orfkvfii lubtmpbfx (OGL)

orfkvfii lubtmpbfx sf v praxm pnuv iapkbag0 prn (aiabndnv) rnzebasnv a tfbfvmzi vysbi

kag prndral `f vysbi ia `mil (orfkvfiil) kaibu

a kag zacr prn sfcf jfb kaib0

W_ v systlu XAB/ZFJAL zacr 5 LEz, v systlu IWZJ ? LEz

v (aiabndnv) pfvi tfbfonii stm0 lfzm stfgialm

lfzm stfgialm `f vfgfin vjf envnr pn `fgi (mr)

pfinsnvjfst (aiabndnvl bmiknvl traktu)

tfzf0 l u `f kag envnr, tl vjf sf `mje tal vf`gf

prntn0 nlfzfi kagen envnru ia :88 a :788 Ez, jn `ft

sta prn srnzulmtfbinst !!

ia lsti slyjf0 prn nggbfi envnrnven psla a iagenvnrnven psla

v envnrnvl pslu `f vfgfi (aiabndnv) ebasnv envnr 8 a 7 kEz

v iagenvnrnvl pslu `snu vfgfiy gatnv pfinsy

pnlnj tfjeinbndm xGZB0 AGZB a gn 1,1 LEz

v (aiabndnv) lncmbi tfbfonii stm0

1 envnr < 1 orfkvfii kaib

v ILW0 kaib l ku 36 kEz

OGL

trakt

o[Ez\

ain

ifif

:88 Ez :788 Ez

o[Ez\

7888 Ez

ebas gata

xGZB

IZTM8=8


12/33

IZTM8=8

Xntanv st M

vfrzf 7.8, bfkjf 6, sbmgf 13 asnv lubtmpbfx (WGL) gmdmtbi tfjeimka lubtmpbfxu

prmijmp0

vstupy la` gmdmtbi pngncu `snu tn prnugy gat n urmt pfinsnv ryjebnstm

k gmspnzmjm `f mr gmdmtbi pfinsnv jfsta

s vt pfinsnvnu kapajmtnu (pfinsnvnu ryjebnst)

ifcnbm0 s kratl cmtnvl mitfrvabfl

ouidu`j akn cmtstrfal rnzgb sf v asf, ia pfvi gai asnv sfky

asnv sbnty, tmlfsbnts

kaglu `fgintbmvlu vstupu `f pmgbfia

avyerazfia urmt pfvi gai pnsbnupinst

asnvjesfk (tmlfsbnt)

ncfji0 kag i-t tmlfsbnt

psbui vstup vkbg sv gata gn pmgbfije

tmlfsbnt

a ifje `f pfist skrzf pfinsnvnu jfstu

ia grue strai `f zasf vy`l .

p`fljf gnpfgu v, knlu pat ncsae tnen ktfrenasnven sfku (tmlfsbntu), prntnf

t

t

t

.

t

.

1

3

:

t

t

1 1 1 13 3 3: : :

cmtnv mitfrvabtmlfsbnt

pmazfi sf v asf ifli

cmtnv mitfrvab

.

.

IZTM8=8


13/33

IZTM8=8

Xntanv st M

vfrzf 7.8, bfkjf 6, sbmgf 1:asnv lubtmpbfx (WGL)

rnzgbu`f (spnbfinu) pfinsnvnu kapajmtu pfvi gail zpsncfl ktfr sf v asf ifli !!!

lf sf `fgiat n rnzgbfi ia rzi vfbk stm (asnv sfky/tmlfsbnty) abf pngstati `f, f sf tntn rnzgbfi v asf ifli

`f tn iutinu pngliknu k tnlu, acy p`fljf vgb, knlu pat ncsae tnen ktfren

tmlfsbntu a ifpntfcnvab k tnlu àknuknbm gngatfinu mionrlajm

`gf oaktmjky n pfpn`nvi nkrue vsbfgkfl `f rnzgbfi `fginen (vten) pfinsnven nkrueu m kaibu ia iknbmk lfije

pfinsnvje nkrue (kaib), ktfr sf jenva` (a ga` vyut) zjfba salnstati pvngi (spnbfi) pfinsnv nkrue m kaib l vyerazfinu pfinsnvnu kapajmtu

asnv lubtmpbfx zajenvv vyerazfi jearaktfr pfinsnv kapajmty

m `fgintbmv pfinsnv nkruey m kaiby la` vyerazfinu (a daraitnvainu) pfinsnvnu kapajmtu

zajenvv tak mznjernii jearaktfr pfinsu

`gf n vengi ffi prn taknv vstupy, ktfrdfifru` stacmbi (stbf stfìnu) zt

ktfr pfi sv gata stbf stfìnu ryjebnst

ifi tn vengi ffi tal, kgf vstupy knbsa`

(dfifru` prnliinu zt)

prntnf ifbzf limt rnzgbfi ia asnvsfky/tmlfsbnty gbf aktubi ztf

v1

v3

v: v < v1+v3+v:

aim iàk vrtmt ifvyumtnu kapajmtu

IZTM8=8


14/33

IZTM8=8

Xntanv st M

vfrzf 7.8, bfkjf 6, sbmgf 17

WGL

trakt

vyumt asnven lubtmpbfxu (WGL)

ncfji0 vugf tal, kgf sf eng ouidnvi ia prmijmpu pfpn`nvi nkrue (jmrjumt swmtjemid)

knikrti (iapkbag)0 v (kbasmjk) pfvi m lncmbi tfbfonimm - nzianvai tak akn swmtjefg tfbfpeniy

kgf `f prn kag envnr vyerazfia (a tak daraitnvia) urmt pfinsnv kapajmta

vytvnfi tfjeimkalm, ktfr ouidu` `akn pfpn`nvi nkrue `akn `f prv WGL

kgf (gky vyerazfi kapajmt) envnr lf lt daraitnvainu kvabmtu

pfpn`nvi nkrue

WGL systl, WGL ffi0 ncfji nziafi prn vfjeia ffi, ktfr ouidu`

ia prmijmpu asnven lubtmpbfxu (WGL)

pkbag0

WGL stfgia (abtfriatmvnu `f MX stfgia)

pkbag0

WGL trakt (lfzm stfgialm), abtfriatmvnu `f nkruey F a W (tzv. gmdmtbi emfrarjemf), ZNIFW, ..

MX (ZMX) trakt ( ZMX truik)

a tl m ia pfpn`nvi nkrue

abtfriatmvnu `snu zf`lia MX tfjeinbndmf (_NMX, _nmjf nvfr MX)

kgf sf pfi gata pn stm, ouidu`j ia prmijmpu pfpn`nvi pakft (MX stm), a kgf ifi

vyerazfia aim daraitnvia pfinsnv kapajmta, a iflf ct aim daraitnvia kvabmta envnru

IZTM8=8


15/33

IZTM8=8

Xntanv st M

vfrzf 7.8, bfkjf 6, sbmgf 16gupbfxmid0 WGG a OGG

gupbfxmid, gupbfx0

`gf n tn, àk `f ffi ncnuslri (gupbfxi) pfins

OGG0 Orfqufijy Gmvmsmni Gupbfx prn kag slr `f pnumt salnstati

(`fginslri) orfkvfii kaib

`milm sbnvy0 v kagl slru sf knluimku`f

ia `mije orfkvfijje

pnuv sf pm rgmnvje pfinsfje `f zapntfc tzv. prnv psln

gvn`mjf orfkvfiije rnzsae, kag prn

knluimkaj `fgil slrfl

iapkbag0 DZL, VLWZ

pfsi`m0 VLWZ OGG

ncvykbf0

orfkvfii kaiby `snu stfì vfbk, tug

m pfinsnv kapajmty v ncnu slrfje `snustfì vfbk

WGG0 Wmlf Gmvmsmni Gupbfx `fgfi (ncnuslri) nkrue `f vyuvi

prn pfins ncla slry

pnlnj asnven lubtmpbfxu `f rnzgbfi

ia tmlfsbnty

kag tmlfsbnt lf ct vyumt prn

pfins `fgil ifcn gruel slrfl

bzf vnbmt gyialmjky, gbf pntfcy

pnuv sf pm rgmnvje pfinsfje

sta prn i` tzv. ifprnv psln

`fi `fgfi rnzsae orfkvfij

iapkbag0 VLWZ WGG, TmLAU

ncvykbf0

kapajmty v ncnu slrfje `snu rzi

gnwi

up

up/gnwi

IZTM8=8

( )


16/33

IZTM8=8

Xntanv st M

vfrzf 7.8, bfkjf 6, sbmgf 1?statmstmjk lubtmpbfx (ZWGL)

gmdmtbi tfjeimka lubtmpbfxu

rnzgb nprntm asnvlu lubtmpbfxu0 pmgbfi fgintbmvje asnvje sfk

(tmlfsbnt-) knikrtil vstup ifi pfvi

a iflii v asf

abf li sf pngbf pntfcy

pngbf tnen, knbmk ktfr vstup prv

pntfcu`f pfist gat

kag fgintbmv tmlfsbnt `f pmaznvi

gyialmjky

sv gata gn i` lf vbnmt tfi (vstup),

ktfr tn prv pntfcu`f

pfgstava0 spnbfi pfinsnv kapajmta sf

jenv `akn ifknifi vbak pneycu`f sf (vpfg) knistaiti

ryjebnst

vfjeiy `fen vadniy (tmlfsbnty) `snu

stf`i vfbk

kag vstup lf ulstmt sv gata

gn vadniu (tmlfsbntu), ktfr `f prvvnbi

abf0 lus sv gata nziamt, acy

p`fljf vgb, knlu pat !!!!

gsbfgfk0 if vgy lus ct k gmspnzmjm vnbi vadni (tmlfsbnt) `f iuti pnkat !

prntn0 statmstmjk lubtmpbfx ifdaraitu`f pfinsnvnu kapajmtu aim knistaiti zpngi! ifzajenvv pravmgfbinst, ifi mznjernii !!!

> tbngata lus ct zacabfia gn cbnku

anpatfia ebavmknu, ta pfgstavu`f rfmm

IZTM8=8


17/33

IZTM8=8

Xntanv st M

vfrzf 7.8, bfkjf 6, sbmgf 14vbastinstm statmstmjken lubtmpbfxu (ZWGL)

ncfji0 eng sf tal, kgf `fgintbmv vstupy dfifru` ifrnvinlrinu zt

kgf ryjebnst pfinsu (rfsp. nc`fl gat, ktfr pntfcu` pfist za `fgintku asu) ifi pfviabf li sf v asf

prmijmp ouidnvi0

pnagavky `fgintbmvje vstup `snu vymznviy ia prmijmpu kgn prvi pm`gf .

abf lnenu ct pnumty m `mi stratfdmf

jbfl `f fofktmvi vyumt spnbfi pfinsnv kapajmty

acy ifzstvaby ifvyumty tmlfsbnty, pnkug psbui vstup prv ifl jn ngfsbat

a tak sf tmlfsbnt pmgb iknlu `milu

`gf v zsag n prmijmp pfpn`nvi pakft

gata lus ct zacabfia gn urmten cbnku (rljf, pakftu, cuky) a npatfia ebavmknu

pngbf ebavmky p`fljf pnzi, knlu ncsae tmlfsbntu (cbnk gat) pat

ia rnzgb ng asnven lubtmpbfxu tntn ifv (a iflf vgt) gnpfgu !!!

tmlfsbnty ncvykbf la` stfìnu gbku

abf iflus tnlu tak ct z ebavmky pak lus vypbvat, àk `f tmlfsbnt vfbmk

rnzgb nprntm (skutfilu) pfpn`nvi pakft

u ZWGL `fgintbmv sbnty isbfgu` cfzprnstfgi pn snc (a ncvykbf `snu stfì vfbk)

u pfpn`nvi pakft iflus lfzm `fgintbmvlm pakfty (cbnky) lnenu ct bmcnvnbi vfbk ngstupy

>

IZTM8=8

g


18/33

IZTM8=8

Xntanv st M

vfrzf 7.8, bfkjf 6, sbmgf 15pfinsnv lgma

vgy iàknu pngncu fbfktrnladiftmjken vbii

gb sf pngbf tnen, àk sf vbii 0

vfgfi(grtnv, vngmnvlgma,

dumgfg, cnuigfg)0

fbfktrnladiftmjk vbii snu vfgfia

iàkl elntil prnstfgl, ktfr sf

jenv àkn vngm a vylfzu`f greu, pn

ktfr gnjez k fi

zf`lia0

krnujfi gvnubmika ( twmst)

smdib gn fgintfk/gfstfk LEz

knaxmbi kacfb ( jnax)

smdib a gn stnvfk LEz

vt pfinsnv pntfijmb if krnujfi

gvnubmika

nptmjk vbkin ( omcfr)

smdib ng 158 gn :48 WEz

(miorafrvfi svtbn)

568 il a 1??6 il

if`vt pfinsnv pntfijmb

vbinvngy przgi trucky, cfz elntien vimtku

ifvfgfi ( uidumgfg, wmrfbfss,cfzgrtnv)

ifi gi elnti vngm, vbii sf vnbi

elntil m ifelntil prnstnrfl

lfzm aitialm

lf `t n fi vakufl, abf tfca tak

vngnu, atlnsornu, .

lf ct prncbl sf zajbfil

urmtl slrnvil jen sf smdibu

ncvykb gbfi ia0

rgmnv0 orfkvfijf gn :88 DEz

lmkrnvbii0 :88 LEz a :88 DEz

miorafrvfi 0 :88 DEz a 7:8 WEz

488 il a 1 ll

nptmjk (788 WEz a 1 XEz)

OZN, Orff Zpajf Nptmjs

zpngi smdibu jja 7-6 s/kl

vmz Zeaiiniv

tfnrl

IZTM8=8

k g b k ( g )


19/33

IZTM8=8

Xntanv st M

vfrzf 7.8, bfkjf 6, sbmgf 1= krnujfi gvnubmika (twmstfg pamr) gva lftabmjk vngmf, vfgfi vfgbf sfcf

ncvykbf lgi, n prlru 8,7 a 8,= ll

vgy sf jenva` àkn aitia0 ijn vyzau` gn sven nknb, a tl nvbmvu` `mi lgma a ia imje prncea`j pfinsy

ijn pm`la` zf sven nknb (fblad. migukjf), jn nvbmvu`f prncea`j pfins

knistruki prnvfgfi0

prn gat. pfinsy sf ifàst`m pnuva` kacfby sf7pry(ifstii) krnujfigvnubmiky

v pfvi tfbfonimm sf pnuva kacfby s linefl vtlm pnty pr

prnvfgfi vngm0 grt (1 enlndfii vngm) ifcn bmjia (spbtai vngm, z vjf vbkfi)

lninstm lmimlabmzajf fofktu aitiy0

zknujfi ( twmstmid), ngsug0 krnujfi gvnubmika ( twmstfg pamr)

zkrnujfi lus ct pravmgfbi, v zvmsbnstm ia orfkvfijm pfifien smdibu

typmjky 1 zkrnujfi ia 8,? a 8,56 jl (Jat 6) m 4,6 a 18 jl (Jat :)

stii ( semfbgmid) ifstifi krnujfi gvnubmika (VWX, Visemfbgfg Wwmstfg Xamr)

if`bfvi`, if`vjf pnuvai abf ifènr ncvngnv vbastinstm

stii krnujfi gvnubmika (ZWX, Zemfbgfg Wwmstfg Xamr)

if`gra, if`bfp ncvngnv vbastinstm kag pr v kacfbu l vbasti stii

ZjWX, Zjrffifg Wwmstfg Xamr

knlprnlms, fgin spnbfi stii ia vfjeiy pry v kacfbu

IZTM8=8

k g b k ( g )


20/33

IZTM8=8

Xntanv st M

vfrzf 7.8, bfkjf 6, sbmgf 38krnujfi gvnubmika (twmstfg pamr)

katfdnrmf krnujfi gvnubmiky0

bm sf latfrmbfl, prnvfgfil

mnfkvainu orfkvfij pfifien

smdibu

la` rzi gnsae, bzf ia imje gnsaenvat

rzi ryjebnstm

pngbf orfkvfijf `f tak vnbfi pnftzkrnujfi ia fgintku gbky

gnsaenvai pfinsnv ryjebnstm zvms

ebavi ia pnumtl kgnvi

praktmjk prncbly0

ebavi s vyzanvil a pfsbfjey

typmjk iasazfi0

`akn lsti slyky(pfvi tfb. s)

Jat: ifcn enr

gbka0 `fgintky kmbnlftr

prncbly s tbulfl a pfsbfjey

vyumt prn ebas m gata (xGZB)

prnpn`nvaj kacfby (v stje BAI)

gifs Jat6 a vy

`fgintky/gfstky lftr, gn 188 l

snv rnzvngy (zacugnvai)

iap. v rljm strukturnvai kacfbf

gifs Jat 6 a vy gbka0 `fgintky lftr

orfkvfijf gn vyumt gab lninstm vyumt

Jat : 1? LEz 18CasfW188CasfW7

(7 pry)

188CasfW3

(3 pry)

188_D-AiyBAI

(7 pry)

Jat 6 (6f)188 (:68)

LEz 188CasfWU1888CasfW

(7 pry)

Jat ? (?a)368 (688)

LEz1DCasfW

18DCasfW

(`fi :4/66 lftr)

Jat 4 (4a)

(ZWX)

?88 (1888)

LEz18DCasfW

78DCasfW

(78 lftr)

188DCasfW

(16 lftr)

Jat 5 (ZWX) 1788 LEz 188DCasfW

IZTM8=8

k mb k c b ( )


21/33

IZTM8=8

Xntanv st M

vfrzf 7.8, bfkjf 6, sbmgf 31knaxmbi kacfb (jnax)

kn-axmbi, ifcnbm snuns ( jn-axmab)

l gva vngmf uspngai tak, f la` stf`inu nsu

vimti vngm + vngmv npbftfi, ktfr sbnu snuasi `akn stii vimtien vngmf vngmv npbftfi lf ct m gvn`mt

l bfp ncvngnv vbastinstm

if krnujfi gvnubmika, gky gncrlu

stii (skrzf vngmv npbftfi)

ebavi lfi pfsbfjey lfzm kacfby ncfji0

vt pfinsnv kapajmta if u krnujfi

gvnubmiky

lf pfift smdiby vyje

orfkvfij

gn 688 LEz, fv. m vy

pnumt0 v augmn/vmgfn tfjeimjf

rnzvngy W_ aiti

prvi vfrzf Ftefriftu 18Casf6

(but) knax. kacfb 1 jl

18Casf3

(fri) knax. kacfb, 8,6 jl

rnzvngy EOJ (Eycrmg Omcfr-Jnax)

ia vt vzgbfinst vfgfia nptmka

pfkbfiut pnsbfgi lbf

ia krat vzgbfinst vfgfi knaxmbi kacfb

rnzvngy kf knijnvl astikl

gvf t0

gbknv kacfby, iap. pnglnsk

vngmv npbftfi

pbmznbajf

vimti vngm

spnbfi nsa

IZTM8=8

m k bk m k


22/33

IZTM8=8

Xntanv st M

vfrzf 7.8, bfkjf 6, sbmgf 33 nptmjk vbkia a nptmjk pfinsy nptmka, nptmjk pfinsy

la` ncrnvsk pntfijmb, gnsug vyumt `fi z vfblm lab stm

gvngfl `f ncrnvsk ka pfinsnven psla, gai (rnzsaefl) orfkvfij pfifiensmdibu (stnvky WEz < U * 185LEz < U * 1817Ez)

spf if orfkvfijf osf vy`agu`f vbinv gbka pmfl o *< j

j < ryjebnst svtba, jja :88 888 kl/s

pfifi svtbn if`gf n vmgmtfbi svtbn kvbmvyl engintl tbulu

bmgsk nkn (ncvykbf) vil rnzsae 7:8 a 4=8 WEz (:=8 488 il)

abf n miorafrvfi svtbn kvbm pzimv`lu (imlu) tbulu

ebavi v pslfje 1668 a 1:18 il

`fginvmgnvnptmjk vbkia ( smidbf lngf)

a v pslfje 1:88 a 568 il

linenvmgnvnptmjk vbkia ( lubtmlngf)

sifsnu m vt rnzptyb

18881588 1?88 1788 1388 588 ?88

1?? 154 317 368 :88 :46 688

il

WEz

0

o0

miorafrvfi svtbn

orfkvfijf vbinv gbka

758-786 WEz ?36-478 il618-758 WEz 6=8-?36 il

6:8-618 WEz 6?6-6=8 il

658-6:8 WEz 638-6?6 il

?88-658 WEz 688-638 il

?48-?88 WEz 768-688 il

4=8-488 WEz :58-7:8 il1668 1:18 568 [il\

rnzptybtbul

lmimla

tbulu

IZTM8=8

m m tm ke


23/33

IZTM8=8

Xntanv st M

vfrzf 7.8, bfkjf 6, sbmgf 3:prmijmp nptmjken pfinsu

vyuv Zifbbvzkni bnlu0 pm gnpagu paprsku ia rnzerai gvnu nptmjkje prnstfg sf st

ngr zpt a st prnstupu`f gn grueen prnstfg abf0 pnkug sf vengi zvnb efb gnpagu paprsku, ifprnstupu`f imj

a jfb paprsfk sf ngr zpt

tzv. iulfrmjk apfrtura0 rnzsae eb, kgy gnjez

prmijmp vfgfi svtba nptmjkl vbkifl paprsfk vstupu`f gn vbkia png gnstatfi labl ebfl (v rljm iulfrmjk

apfrtury) a npaknvai sf jfb ngr - pn jfb gbjf vbkia

knistrukjf nptmjken vbkia ( nptmjab omcfr)

`f tvnfin 3 prnstfglm s rzinu nptmjknu eustntnu

`grn ( jnrf)

pb ( jbaggmid)

pbus gabl vengil njeraiil ncabfl ktfr abf u salntije vbkfi ifza`mu`f gnstatfinu lfjeaimjknu tuenst

pb (jbaggmid)

`grn (jnrf)

k pbilu ngrazu

IZTM8=8

tm k bk k c b


24/33

Xntanv st M

vfrzf 7.8, bfkjf 6, sbmgf 37nptmjk vbkia vs. kacfby

`grn m pb nptmjkje vbkfi `snu vyrciy z kflku a `snu vfblm kfek prntn `f tfca `f lfjeaimjky jerimt prntm neycu/zbnlu

pmpn`nvi knifktnr (tzv. knifktnrnvi) `f vfblm irninu zbfmtnst knifktnry sf lus vfblm pfbmv iavanvat

v praxm0

astn sf pnuva` jfb nptmjk kacfby, ktfr ncsaeu` vjf (kflknvje) vbkfi

a za`mu pntfcinu lfjeaimjknu tuenst

pfgstava0 uprnstfg `f tue lfjeaimjk vztuea, knbfl `snu `fgintbmv vbkia uprnstfg lf ct m knaxmbi kacfb

linenvmgnv vbkia (lubtmlngf omcfr)

pfi mr paprsky

vjf svazk (vmg) svtba, kag sf pn trnjeu

`mi grzf abf vyenginju`f sf `f`mje snuft

prntn gnjez k tzv. vmgnv gmspfrzm

ktfr rnznstu`f (zancbu`f) pm`at smdib

`fginvmgnv vbkia (smidbf

lngf, lninlngf omcfr)

pfi vfblm zk paprsky

pnuzf 1 vmg ( `fginvmgnv) pfi sf pn nsf vbkia, zjfba

cfz ngraz

ifgnjez k vmgnv gmspfrzm

IZTM8=8

tm k t


25/33

Xntanv st M

vfrzf 7.8, bfkjf 6, sbmgf 36 nptmjk pfinsnv systl salnti nptmjk vbkin ifsta `f pntfca en iasvtmt

`miak sf `fgi n tzv. ifiasvjfi nptmjk vbkin ( gark omcfr)

ifiasvjfi vbkin (gark omcfr) sf tak prnia`l i`fljf sm en iasvt sl

iasvjfi vyagu`f0 zgrn` svtba

prn `fginvmgnv vbkia `f iuti gnstatfi kvabmti basfr

prn linenvmgnv vbkia sta `fgingu zgrn` (iap. ncyf`i BFG gmnga)

gftfktnr svtba prn `fginvmgnv vbkia `f iuti kvabmti gftfktnr

prn linenvmgnv vbkia sta iap. ncyf`i ontngmnga/ontntraizmstnr

ia gfb vzgbfinstm (kl, gfstky kl, .)0 lf ct zapntfc npaknva

ktfr zrfdfifru`f a zfsb pfifi nptmjk smdib skrzf `fen pfvng ia fbfktrmjk smdiby a zasf zpt ia nptmjk

prlr`grn/pb

pfifi svtbn gnsae ryjebnst knifktnrnvi

linenvmgnv vbkia ?3.6/136 l,

68/136 l

1:18/1668 il vt im liirni,

bfvi`

`fginvmgnv vbkia =/136 l 568/1:18 il lfi vy vjf irni, gra

IZTM8=8

b t bk e mk


26/33

Xntanv st M

vfrzf 7.8, bfkjf 6, sbmgf 3? pbastnv vbkia, jerimky abtfriatmva prn krtk vzgbfinstm

prn vfblm krtk vzgbfinstm (lax.

gfstky lftr) `snu kflknv nptmjkvbkia nvfrkmbb

sta vbkia z pbastu (lstn kflku)

`snu bfvi`

if`snu zgabfka tak irni ia0

nsaznvi knifktnry

zapn`nvi, spn`nvi, rnzpn`nvi

lfjeaimjknu njeraiu

`snu prui, bzf `f necat

la` vt prlr

vyuva` sf0

prn gatnv pfinsy ia krtk vzgbfinstm

v rljm spntfci fbfktrnimky

`ak tn jeng v praxm>

jja 56% ikbagia pnkbgku

nptmjkje kacfb `gf ia zfli prjfa if`rzi` pnvnbfi

salnti kacfb l stbf lfi pngb

ffi0 kgy u sf rnzknpf zfl, tak sf tal

pnbn m tzv. jerimky przgi trucky, gn ktfrje bzf

gngatfi zasuinut kacfb, cfz iutinstm

zinvu knpat gn zfl

jerimky bzf isbfgi m prnia`lat

prn zavfgfi

jmzje kacfb

pbastnv vbkia

=58/1888l

68/136l 18/136l

linenvmgnv v. `fginvmgnv v.

IZTM8=8

b btm b (TGL)


27/33

Xntanv st M

vfrzf 7.8, bfkjf 6, sbmgf 34 vbinv lubtmpbfx (TGL) kbasmjk nptmjk pfinsy0

tfjeinbndmf p`lu svtba `snu ifgnkniab, vila` `fi snuft svtfbije tnk ia

vfje pfifije vbinvje gbkje ifgnk ng sfcf nggbmt svtba rzije orfkvfij

prntn vila` `fi `f`mje snuft

nptmjk pfins `f `fginslri

gn stf`ien vbkia ifbzf pustmt paprsfk svtba, ktfr sf npail slrfl

pngstata vbinven lubtmpbfxu TGL, Tavfbfidte Gmvmsmni Lubtmpbfxmid

tfjeinbndmf p`lu (abf m dfifrnvi) svtba `snu gnkniabf`, gnk rnzbmnvat

paprsky svtba ia rzije orfkvfijje a prajnvat s imlm ifzvmsbf

kag paprsfk (tzv. kaib) lf ct vyumt (lngubnvi) ifzvmsbf ia nstatije

prntn0 jenv sf `akn salnstati pfinsnv kaib, ifzvmsb ia nstatije

gsbfgfk0 jfbknv pfinsnv kapajmta nptmjken vbkia sf isnc pntfl kaib

v praxm0 kaib lnenu ct gfstky, stnvky m tmsjf !!!!

pfgstava0 `gf n rzi carvy svtba

vf skutfinstm `gf n svtbn v miorafrvfi stm spfktra

ngstupy0 gfsftmiy a gfstky il

iavj0 lninst ncnuslrien

pfinsu pn fginl vbki

IZTM8=8

gm


28/33

Xntanv st M

vfrzf 7.8, bfkjf 6, sbmgf 35rgmnv pfinsy

smdib m gata, ktfr pntfcu`flf pfist, snu ncvykbf zk la` nlfzfinu ku psla

pm `f`mje rgmnvl pfinsu bzf pnstupnvat gvla rzilm zpsncy ifrnzprnstrat `f

pnut pnuzf tak mrnk (rfsp. zk)

rnzsaeorfkvfij, àk ngpnvg

pfifilu smdibu/gatl

`gf n zknpslnv pfins,iarrnwcaig

ifvengnu `f lfi ngnbinst vm

ifdatmvil vbmvl

siaz rufi, mitfrofrfijf, ngpnsbfje

iutinst vysbat iag ul

smbi`m if `f ebagmia pmrnzfien ulu

rnzprnstt `f gn ky

zlri pnut mr rnzsae orfkvfij, if

àk cy cyb ifzcyti iuti

àk cy cyb zapntfc pm

zknpslnvl pfinsu

`gf n pfins v rnzprnstfil spfktru, sprfag spfjtrul (wmgfcaig)

gvngfl lf ct0

siaea zifsiagimt ifnprvii p`fl /

ngpnsbfje / rufi

siaea n vy rncustinst pfinsu ngnbinst vm ifpzimvl prngil

pnglikl

prngi ul, mitfrofrfijf .

lninst vysbat pngstati iml

vknifl if pm zknpslnvl

pfinsu

m png rnvi ulu

o

o

mitfizmta (sba) smdibu

rnvf ulu

mitfizmta (sba) smdibu

vyenginju`f sf

pnuzf tatn st

kgn ifv, jn ebfgat,

vil `fi ul

IZTM8=8

t e mk t


29/33

Xntanv st M

vfrzf 7.8, bfkjf 6, sbmgf 3=tfjeimky rnzprnstfi

fxmstu`f vjf lninst (tfjeimk), ak rnzprnstt pfins gn mren spfktra OZZZ0 Orfqufijy Enppmid Zprfag Zpfjtrul

tfjeimka orfkvfiien pfskaknvi GZZZ0 Gmrfjt Zfqufijf Zprfag Zpfjtrul

tfjeimka pln rnzprnstfien spfktra, rnzprnstri plnu pnsbnupinst, .

OGL (Orfqufijy Gmvmsmni Lubtmpbfxmid) a NOGL (Nrtendniab OGL)

tfjeimka (nrtndnibien lubtmpbfxu)

VTC (Vbtra Tmgf Caig)

prmijmp OEZZ0

fofktu rnzprnstfi sf gnsaeu`f

pfskaknvil

vysb sf zk smdib, ktfr abf pravmgfbipfskaku`f lfzm rzilm orfkvfiilm

pnbnealm (kaiby)

v rljm mren rnzsaeu psla

v praxm0

OEZZ pnuv iap. tfjeinbndmf Cbuftnnte0

pfskaku`f sf 1?88x za 1 sfkuigu

pfgstava ouidnvi OEZZ0

nc straiy gnpfgu zia` pnsbnupinstpfsknk

tatn pnsbnupinst `f psfugniengi

vysba krtknu gncu vysb ia `fginl

(zkl) orfkvfiil kaibu, pak ryjebf

pf`gf ia `mi kaib a zgf pnkrau`f vf

vysbi p`fljf `fen miinst iapngncu`f

o1 o3 o: o7 o6 o? o4 o5 o= o18 o11 o13as

IZTM8=8

OGL a NOGL


30/33

Xntanv st M

vfrzf 7.8, bfkjf 6, sbmgf :8OGL a NOGL

pfgstava0 lstn pfskaknvi lfzm rzilm orfkvfiilm kaiby sf vyum`

vfjeiy kaiby snuasi kag z imje lf ct lngubnvi salnstati a ist tak vbasti gata

rfsp. st mren tnku gat

OGL0 orfkvfii lubtmpbfx Orfqufijy Gmvmsmni Lubtmpbfxmid

`fgintbmv insi vyuva` vgy jfb

kaib a ifpfkrva` sf

v praxm sf u tnbmk ifpnuv

kvbm rfbatmvi vfbk rfmm ia

nggbfi `fgintbmvje kaib

NOGL0 nrtndnibi OGL

Nrtendniab OGL

`fgintbmv insi `snu iaeutiy tak, acy

sf laxmlul `fgi insi pfkrvabnslmimlfl grue insi

venga0 ia stf`inu ku psla sf vf`gf

pngstati vjf insije, a tl bzf gnseinut

m pngstati vy prnpustinstm (pfinsnv

ryjebnstm)

pnuv sf vfblm astn, iapkbag v rljmxGZB tfjeinbndm, Tm-Om apng.

stf`ika psla

IZTM8=8

GZZZ


31/33

Xntanv st M

vfrzf 7.8, bfkjf 6, sbmgf :1 GZZZ GZZZ, Gmrfjt Zfqufijf Zprfag Zpfjtrul

tfjeimka pln rnzprnstfien spfktra, rnzprnstri plnu pnsbnupinst,

vyuv sf iapkbag u MFFF 583.11 (Tm-Om), . pngstata

lstn `fginen cmtu sf pfifsf jfb vznrfk (mp, bnlfk, rnzprnstraj pnsbnupinst,

jemppmid jngf, jemp) pfgfl zilen tvaru

v ppag enginty 1 sf pfi tfitn mp

v ppag enginty 8 `fen mivfrtnvai pngnca

pfgstava ouidnvi mp (vznrfk) iflus pfsaenvat rnvf ulu

lf ct vysbi m s im smbnu abf p`fljf `f` gnkf

rnzpnziat gky tnlu, f v jn l ebfgat

gnsaeu`f sf fofktu spnry fifrdmf / laben rufi

`mije pfins / uta`fi

mp lf ct m trnjeu pnknzfi

p`fljf ebfg m pngnci vznrky, ktfr `ft gnkf

rnzpnziat a ngbmmt ng sfcf

pnziat, zga `gf n 1 (mp) ifcn 8 (mivfrtnvai mp)

gnsaeu`f sf fofktu rncustinstm urmt lra pnknzfi

mp ifiaru pfins

rnvf ulu

jeyca

`gf n 1

IZTM8=8

ngcnfi kgn l btmpbf (JGL)


32/33

Xntanv st M

vfrzf 7.8, bfkjf 6, sbmgf :3ngcnfi0 kgnv lubtmpbfx (JGL)

prmijmp kgnven lubtmpbfxu ( JGL, Jngf Gmvmsmni Lubtmpbfxmid)

lstn `fgintbmvje cmt sf pfi jfb mpy (vznrky)

stfì àkn u GZZZ abf zgf za `mil fbfl, if `f rnzprnstfi gn spfktra a vt rncustinst

u GZZZ `snu vfjeiy mpy (vznrky) stfì

zgf `snu ianpak mpy rzi (prn kagnu knluimku`j gvn`mjm) !!!!!

abf iflnenu ct bmcnvnbi lus ct vz`fli nrtndnibi !!!!

nrtndnibi < la` iubnv skabri snumi (`snu ia snc ifzvmsb / ia sfcf knbl)

gsbfgfk `fgintbmv pfinsy sf lnenu v pfinsnvl lgmu (iap. tfru) sljeat, abf stbf `f

lni `f zasf ng sfcf nggbmt !!!!!

vmz abdfcra a nrtndnibi czf vfktnrnvje prnstnr0 pnumt mpy lus tvnmt nrtndnibi czm

venga

rfmf ia nggbfi `fgintbmvje pfins l jearaktfr vpnfti kapajmty

tatn kapajmta abf ifi nlfzfil prngil zgrn`f, bzf `m siagin a bfvi zvynvat

vyumt iapkbag v lncmbije knluimkajje tfjeinbndmf JGLA

IZTM8=8

VTC0 Vbtra Tmgf Caig


33/33

Xntanv st M

vfrzf 7.8, bfkjf 6, sbmgf :: VTC0 Vbtra Tmgf Caig lybfika0

vyut fxtrli (ubtra) mrnk psln,

m kgy en u pnuv ikgn `mi vjf `ak 688 LEz, jn ulnu`f

gnsaenvat ryjebnstm v gu stnvfk

Lcmt/s

abf `fi ia vfblm krtknu vzgbfinst

`fgintky lftr

abf0 vysbat zgf tak sbac, f tn tnlu`milu ifcugf vagmt

ntzka0 `ak sbac tn lus ct>

lngubajf0

pnlnj pubz (pubzi rgmn)

pubzy, vyuva`j jfb mrnk psln

li sf (lngubu`f)0

gbka pubzu, ftinst pubz

vyumt0 tfjeinbndmf VTC lba ct zkbagfl

prn Cbuftnnte : abf ifstabn sf tak

v VZA

rnzengiut OJJ z rnku 3887 pnvnbu`f

VTC v pslu :,1 a18,? DEz s laxmlbi "smbnu" -73,: gCl/LEz

v Fvrnp Fvrnpsk knlmsf vygaba sv

gnpnrufi v inru 3884

7,5 a ? DEz0 - 73,: gCl/LEz nstati orfkvfijf0 `ft sbac smdib

- 73,:gCl/LEz

583.11a, e583.11c,d

Cbuftnnte,

.

3,7 6 18,?:,1

orfkvfijf [DEz\

sba

smd

ibu

Počítačové sítě I, lekce 5: Základy datových komunikací - II

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