PNEUMONIABy: Larissa and Kyla

What is Pneumonia? • Inflammation of the lung; an infectious disease

- caused by bacteria or a virus

Pneumonia can target:

• an area of a lung

• The bronchioles and pulmonary alveoli

• It can be prevented with simple interventions and treated with low-cost, low-tech medications and care

Statistics• Threatens children, the elderly, and chronically ill of any respiratory condition and

people suffering from a viral infection are at a higher risk of contracting pneumonia

- 200,000 to 300,000 Canadians develop pneumonia each year

- more than 900,000 children worldwide in 2013 dies from pneumonia

- the mortality rate is high as 30% in Canada

- mortality rate worldwide: 15% under 5 worldwide and 2% newborns

- children in poor and rural communities are most affected

Causes of pneumonia• When germs reach the lungs, the alveoli become

inflamed and fill up with fluid

• Caused by 30 different factors:• Bacteria• Viruses• Infections (e.g Fungi)

• There are 3 forms of pneumonia: • Bacterial• Viral• Mycoplasmas

Bacterial Pneumonia• It can affect all people of all ages.

• The most vulnerable are alcoholics, weakened individuals, people after operation, and people with respiratory diseases and viral infections.

• Types of bacterial pneumonia:• Streptococcus pneumonia, Pneumococcus Bacterium

• The bacteria multiplies and invades the lungs and causes the alveoli to become inflamed. • Liquids begins to build up in the tissues of the lobe section. The infection

then spreads through the body by the bloodstream

Symptoms of Bacterial Pneumonia • Fever, chills, chattering teeth

• Body’s temp. may rise to 40.5 C

• Acute chest pains and coughing that produces greenish/ rust mucus

• Sweating, accelerated respiration and pulse

• Lips and nail beds may turn to a bluish color due to the lack of oxygen

• Confusion or even delirium

Viral Pneumonia • Half of all pneumonia cases are due to viruses

• Viral pneumonia caused by the influenza virus• There are no physical signs of lung tissues filled with fluid.

• Cause respiratory infections that mainly affect the upper respiratory tract

• Victims of this form of pneumonia are mostly pregnant woman or individuals with cardiovascular conditions and diseases

• Symptoms:• Fever, dry coughs, headaches• Muscle pains and weakness

Mycoplasma Pneumonia• Also known as “Primary Stypical Pneumonia”

• Caused by mircoorganisms that are smaller than the bacteria and viruses discovered and identified in WW2

• This mild and widespread form of pneumonia occurs in older children and adolescents

• Symptoms:• Severe cough attacks• Chills and fever that could lead to nausea and vomiting• Reduced heart rate

Technologies/ methods to diagnose • Patient’s medical history

• Chest X-Ray

• Blood test

• Physical examination

Treatments available • Non- Medical• It can be treated at home with remedies• Pleurisy Root • Garlic • Altering your diet

Medical• Antibiotics (treated for bacterial)• Medicines that ease chest pain and relieve violent

coughing• Antiviral drugs to treat viral pneumonia• Types of antibiotics:

• Penicillin and macrolide

o Side effects of treatments:

o Can have an allergic reactions from antibiotics

o Infection, stomach problems, and/or vaginal infections

Treatments available (Continued)

o Person does not have to go to hospital unless :o Older than 65o Health problemso Chest paino Not able to eat or keep food down,

so you need to take fluidso Infants younger than 2 months

Outcome after treatment

o Yes, it can be cured. It is an infection that can be treated with antibiotics and medications.

o In most cases, it can be treated at home

Is pneumonia curable?

o Person recovering from mycoplasma pneumonia may be weak for a period of timeo For middle-aged people, may be weeks before they regain their usual strength o Viral Pneumonia improves in 1-3 weeks

Lifestyle Changes • Stop smoking. it is also known as a lung irritant. It will be difficult to get

oxygen in system

• Limit alcohol intake. It can lower you immune resistance and it will be difficult to recover.

• Take daily dose of prescriptions. If stopped early, lungs may continue to harbor bacteria and causes pneumonia to reoccur

Risk Factors • Cigarette smoking

• Infection

• Difficulty swallowing

• Chronic lung disease such as Cystic Fibrosis

• Other serious illness such as heart disease and diabetes

• Recent surgery/ Trauma

• Weak immune system

Sleeping in Dentures doubles the Risk of Pneumonia in Elderly • Poor oral health and hygiene are recognized as a major risk

factors for pneumonia among the elderly

• 524 seniors were randomly selected. Amon the 453 denture wearers, 186 who wore dentures were at a higher risk of pneumonia

• Wearing dentures at night leads to swallowing difficulties and a higher risk of the incidence of pneumonia which was comparable to cognitive impairment, history of stroke and respiratory disease

• They were also likely to have tongue and denture plague and gum inflammation

Refrences• 11 Home Remedies for Pneumonia - www.naturalalternativeremedy.com Managed

WordPress Site. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.naturalalternativeremedy.com/11-home-remedies-for-pneumonia/

• Lifestyle Changes to Manage Pneumonia | Lifescript.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.lifescript.com/health/centers/heart_health/articles/lifestyle_changes_to_manage_pneumonia.aspx

• Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment - American Lung Association. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.lung.org/lung-disease/pneumonia/symptoms-diagnosis-and.html

• Understanding Pneumonia - American Lung Association. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.lung.org/lung-disease/pneumonia/understanding-pneumonia.html

• WebMD - Better information. Better health. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.webmd.com/default.htm