PM—Propositional Model A Computational Psycholinguistic Model of Language Comprehension Based on a...
-
Upload
amira-hauke -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of PM—Propositional Model A Computational Psycholinguistic Model of Language Comprehension Based on a...
![Page 1: PM—Propositional Model A Computational Psycholinguistic Model of Language Comprehension Based on a Relational Analysis of Written English Jerry T. Ball,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032516/56649c7b5503460f9492f529/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
PM—Propositional Model
A Computational Psycholinguistic Model of Language Comprehension Based on a Relational Analysis of Written English
Jerry T. Ball, PhD
www.DoubleRTheory.com
Email: [email protected]
![Page 2: PM—Propositional Model A Computational Psycholinguistic Model of Language Comprehension Based on a Relational Analysis of Written English Jerry T. Ball,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032516/56649c7b5503460f9492f529/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
PM Overview
• Introduction• Historical & Theoretical Basis• The Representation of Propositional
Descriptions• The Representation of Object Descriptions• The Processing of Propositional and Object
Descriptions• Summary
![Page 3: PM—Propositional Model A Computational Psycholinguistic Model of Language Comprehension Based on a Relational Analysis of Written English Jerry T. Ball,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032516/56649c7b5503460f9492f529/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Mental Box Real World
Linguistic Expression
Object, StateOr Event
Repn of LingExpression
Repn of RelatedLing Expressions sense
Repn of Prototype
Repn of Exemplar
Repn of Instance
sense
reference
Linguistic
Nonlinguistic
sense
![Page 4: PM—Propositional Model A Computational Psycholinguistic Model of Language Comprehension Based on a Relational Analysis of Written English Jerry T. Ball,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032516/56649c7b5503460f9492f529/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
|obj is hitting the books||obj hit the nail on the head||I hit obj||I hit the term||he is hitting obj||obj likes to hit obj|
|subj hit obj|
|subj verb obj|
|subj predicate|
|sentence|
|obj hit obj|
|obj pred obj|
|hitter hit hittee|
|agent hit patient|
|agent pred patient|
|proposition|
![Page 5: PM—Propositional Model A Computational Psycholinguistic Model of Language Comprehension Based on a Relational Analysis of Written English Jerry T. Ball,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032516/56649c7b5503460f9492f529/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Linguistic Influences
• Cognitive Linguistics (Langacker; Lakoff)• Semantics & Cognition (Jackendoff)• Traditional Grammar (Jespersen; Quirk et. al)• Case Grammar (Fillmore)• Valency Grammar (Somers)• Functional Grammar (Dik)• TG & GB Theory (Chomsky)
![Page 6: PM—Propositional Model A Computational Psycholinguistic Model of Language Comprehension Based on a Relational Analysis of Written English Jerry T. Ball,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032516/56649c7b5503460f9492f529/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Psychological Influences
• ACT-R (Anderson)
• Construction-Integration Model (Kintsch)
• Miller & Johnson-Laird
• Mental Models (Johnson-Laird)
• Clark & Clark; Clark & Haviland
• CAPS (Just & Carpenter)
![Page 7: PM—Propositional Model A Computational Psycholinguistic Model of Language Comprehension Based on a Relational Analysis of Written English Jerry T. Ball,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032516/56649c7b5503460f9492f529/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Artificial Intelligence Influences
• Preference Semantics (Wilks)
• Conceptual Dependency Theory (Schank)
• Conceptual Structures (Sowa)
• SHRDLU (Winograd)
![Page 8: PM—Propositional Model A Computational Psycholinguistic Model of Language Comprehension Based on a Relational Analysis of Written English Jerry T. Ball,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032516/56649c7b5503460f9492f529/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Propositional Descriptions
• Predicate
• Predicate Modifier
• Predicate Specifier
• Object Argument Description
• Propositional Argument Description
• Propositional Modifier
![Page 9: PM—Propositional Model A Computational Psycholinguistic Model of Language Comprehension Based on a Relational Analysis of Written English Jerry T. Ball,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032516/56649c7b5503460f9492f529/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Propositional Forms
• Pred(Obj)
• Pred(Obj,Obj)
• Pred(Obj,Obj,Obj)
• Pred(Prophead)
• Pred(Obj,Prop)
• Pred(Prophead,Obj)
• Pred(Obj,Obj,Prop)
![Page 10: PM—Propositional Model A Computational Psycholinguistic Model of Language Comprehension Based on a Relational Analysis of Written English Jerry T. Ball,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032516/56649c7b5503460f9492f529/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Propositional Form Samples
• [went(he)]
• [kissed(he,me)]
• [gave(he,me,it)]
• [unfortunately([went(he)]head)]
• [believes(he,[like(you,me)])]
• [by([kissed(he,me)]head,it]
• [told(he,me,[like(you,him)])]
![Page 11: PM—Propositional Model A Computational Psycholinguistic Model of Language Comprehension Based on a Relational Analysis of Written English Jerry T. Ball,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032516/56649c7b5503460f9492f529/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Predicate Modification
• Pred{Predhead}(obj)
• Pred{Predhead}(Obj, +Obj)
![Page 12: PM—Propositional Model A Computational Psycholinguistic Model of Language Comprehension Based on a Relational Analysis of Written English Jerry T. Ball,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032516/56649c7b5503460f9492f529/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Predicate Modification Samples
• [am{sad}(I)]
• [over{went}(he,it)]
![Page 13: PM—Propositional Model A Computational Psycholinguistic Model of Language Comprehension Based on a Relational Analysis of Written English Jerry T. Ball,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032516/56649c7b5503460f9492f529/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Conjunctions
• Predconj(Prophead,Prophead)
• Predconj(Prophead,Prophead,…)
• Predconj{Predhead,Predhead}
• Predconj{Predhead,Predhead,…}
• Predconj {Pred-Modhead,Pred-Modhead}
• Predconj{Pred-Modhead,Pred-Modhead,…}
• Predconj{Pred-Spechead,Pred-Spechead}
• Predconj{Pred-Spechead,Pred-Spechead,…}
![Page 14: PM—Propositional Model A Computational Psycholinguistic Model of Language Comprehension Based on a Relational Analysis of Written English Jerry T. Ball,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032516/56649c7b5503460f9492f529/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Conjunction Examples
• [and([like(I,you)],[like(you,me)])]
• [and{hit,kicked}(he,it)]
• [and{quickly,quietly}{went}(he)]
• [and{is,was}{sad}(he)]
![Page 15: PM—Propositional Model A Computational Psycholinguistic Model of Language Comprehension Based on a Relational Analysis of Written English Jerry T. Ball,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032516/56649c7b5503460f9492f529/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Object Descriptions
• Term
• Function
• Function Modifier
• Function Specifier
• Object Description
![Page 16: PM—Propositional Model A Computational Psycholinguistic Model of Language Comprehension Based on a Relational Analysis of Written English Jerry T. Ball,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032516/56649c7b5503460f9492f529/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Object Forms
• Func<Termhead> Term
• Func<Termhead,Term> Term
• Func-Mod{Funchead} Func
• Func-Spec<Termhead> Obj
• Func(Objhead) Obj
• Func(Objhead,Obj) Obj
![Page 17: PM—Propositional Model A Computational Psycholinguistic Model of Language Comprehension Based on a Relational Analysis of Written English Jerry T. Ball,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032516/56649c7b5503460f9492f529/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Object Form Examples
• <old<man>head>
• <of<canhead,beans>>
• very{oldhead}func
• (the<man>head)
• (all(the<men>head))
• (in(the<man>head,the<park>)
![Page 18: PM—Propositional Model A Computational Psycholinguistic Model of Language Comprehension Based on a Relational Analysis of Written English Jerry T. Ball,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032516/56649c7b5503460f9492f529/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Conjunctions
• Funcconj<Termhead,Termhead>• Funcconj<Termhead,Termhead,…>• Funcconj(Objhead,Objhead)• Funcconj(Objhead,Objhead,…)• Funcconj{Funchead,Funchead}• Funcconj{Funchead,Funchead,…}• Funcconj{Func-Modhead,Func-Modhead}• Funcconj{Func-Modhead,Func-Modhead,…}• Funcconj{Func-Spechead,Func-Spechead,…}• Funcconj{Func-Spechead,Func-Spechead,…}
![Page 19: PM—Propositional Model A Computational Psycholinguistic Model of Language Comprehension Based on a Relational Analysis of Written English Jerry T. Ball,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032516/56649c7b5503460f9492f529/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Conjunction Examples
• (the<and<manhead,womanhead>>)
• (and(the<man>head,the<woman>head))
• (the<and{red,white}<flag>head>)
• (the<and{quickly,quietly}{flying}<bird>head>)
• (and{this,that}<occasion>head)
![Page 20: PM—Propositional Model A Computational Psycholinguistic Model of Language Comprehension Based on a Relational Analysis of Written English Jerry T. Ball,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032516/56649c7b5503460f9492f529/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Processing
• Read Text from Left to Right
• Identify Word
• Activate Schemas for Word
• Select Activated Schema
• Integrate Activated Schema with Previously Activated Schemas
• Read Next Word
![Page 21: PM—Propositional Model A Computational Psycholinguistic Model of Language Comprehension Based on a Relational Analysis of Written English Jerry T. Ball,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032516/56649c7b5503460f9492f529/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Processing
• Processor Learns Effective Processing Strategies• Limited Backtracking (Jump back to beginning)• Relational Lexical Items Set Up Expectations that
Drive Processing Mechanism (Lexically Driven)• No Separate Syntactic Analysis• No Top-Down Processing• No Overall Grammar• No Crucial Grammatical Unit Like Sentence
![Page 22: PM—Propositional Model A Computational Psycholinguistic Model of Language Comprehension Based on a Relational Analysis of Written English Jerry T. Ball,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032516/56649c7b5503460f9492f529/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Processing• the the<T1>obj
• boy <boy>
• the<T1>obj + <boy > (the<boy>)
• likes likes(O1,O2)prop
• likes(O1,O2) prop + (the<boy>) likes(the<boy>,O2)
prop
• the the<T2> obj
• girl <girl>
• the<T2> obj + <girl> (the<girl>)
• likes(the<boy>,O2) prop + (the<girl>)
[likes(the<boy>,the<girl>)]
![Page 23: PM—Propositional Model A Computational Psycholinguistic Model of Language Comprehension Based on a Relational Analysis of Written English Jerry T. Ball,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032516/56649c7b5503460f9492f529/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Processing an Object Desc• the the<T1> obj
• black black<Ta>term
• robed <robed<T2>term
• black<Ta>term + robed<T2>term black{F1}func + robed<T2>term
• black{F1}func + robed<T2>term black{robed}<T2>term
• judge <judge>• black{robed}<T2>term + <judge>
<black{robed}<judge>>• the<T1>obj + <black{robed}<judge>>
(the<black{robed}<judge>>)
![Page 24: PM—Propositional Model A Computational Psycholinguistic Model of Language Comprehension Based on a Relational Analysis of Written English Jerry T. Ball,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032516/56649c7b5503460f9492f529/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Processing a Prop Desc
• he (he)• is is{PR1}• a a<T1> obj
• man <man>• a<T1> obj + <man> (a<man>)• is{PR1} + (a<man>)
is{(a<man>)pred}(O1) prop
• is{(a<man>)pred}(O1) prop + (he) is{(a<man>)pred}(he)
![Page 25: PM—Propositional Model A Computational Psycholinguistic Model of Language Comprehension Based on a Relational Analysis of Written English Jerry T. Ball,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032516/56649c7b5503460f9492f529/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Processing a Prop Desc• he (he)• stopped stopped??• stopped + walking stopped{PR1} +
walking(O1)• walking(O1) + slowly walking(O1) +
slowly{PR2}pred
• walking(O1)prop + slowly{PR2}pred
slowly{walking}(O1)prop
• stopped{PR1} + slowly{walking}(O1)prop
stopped{slowly{walking}}(O1)prop
• (he) + stopped{slowly{walking}}(O1)prop
[stopped{slowly{walking}}(he)]