04PMP new PresentationMeasurements with Automation Testing Application
Issue by Billy Chen IEA Electro-Acoustic Technology Co., Ltd.
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Presentation Overview
Personal Major Experience: Billy Chen
• Member of AES I.D.40819 Since 1991 (Member of Audio Engineering Society)

• Bruel & Kjaer 1991~1997 Telecom Audio FAE Specialist • 1997~
• GRAS Products FAE Specialist in ASIA • 2008 TUV Nord Certificate Acoustical Laboratory
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• • CLIO: • LINEARX : LMS/LEAP/pcRTA • GRAS: Bruel & Kjaer_ • IEA: , IEC …., • Bkaudio : Bruel & Kjaer/ • ISO ,, • ECM Automation
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• (General Noise & Vibration Measurements)
• (Under Water Acoustic) • (Structural Modal Testing) • (Material Testing) • (Sound Pressure , Power , Intensity) • (Sound Quality Measurement) •
(Building Acoustic , Reverberation Time) • (Noise Source Identification) • (STSF ; Non-stationary STSF)
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ISO 17025 Certificate Acoustical Laboratory ISO 17025 Certificate Acoustical Laboratory
• : • : • : • : • :
: IEA Electro-Acoustic Technology Co., Ltd. 1222F E-Mail: iea888@ms71.hinet.net 2Fl., No.122, Sinhu 3rd., Neihu Chiu 114, TAIPEI, TAIWAN TEL+886-2-77209988 FAX+886-2-77209977 Website: www.iea.com.tw or www.gras.com.tw
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IEA Company Equipments ListIEA Company Equipments List • IEA EA-1 Electro-Acoustic Integrated System
• B&K Type 3560C PLUSE Analyzer System • B&K Type 2012 Audio Analyzer
• B&K Type 4602B Telephone Test Head • B&K 4128D Head and Torso • B&K 4100 Head and Torso
• Rohde & Schwarz CMU-200 Communication Tests System • Rohde & Schwarz UPL-16/UPL Audio Analyzer • GRAS Fully Microphone Calibration Systems
• GRAS All ITU-T P.57 Ear Simulator • SoundCheck Electro-Acoustic systems
• CLIO Acoustical & Electrical Tests System • Linearx LMS & LEAP Analysis System
• Anechoic Chamber for Mobile-phone Testing • Audio Precision 2722 System
• More….. • Test Equipments Value >USD600,000-
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Issue International StandardIssue International Standard For Loudspeaker & Headphone • IEC IEC-60268-5, 60268-7 • IEC IEC-60581-10 Hi-Fi • IEC IEC-60318, ITU-T P57 Type1 • IEC IEC-60711,ITU-T P57 Type2 • ITU-T P57 Type 1, 2, 3.2 & 3.3 Head and Torso • BSI EN BSI EN-50332-1 & -2 For Microphone • IEC-60268-4 For Mobile phone and PMP • ETS 300 607-1 (GSM 11.10-1 Version 4.19.1) ; 3GPP
TS 26 126
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Mobile Phone PMP AcousticsMobile Phone PMP Acoustics
Introduction A. Echo Paths. B. Noise Sources. C. Ambient Noise. D. Reverberant Noise. E. Transducers.
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Basic Selection of ComponentsBasic Selection of Components • Frequency Response - It is desirable to have a flat frequency response
across the entire frequency band of human speech and hearing (generally specified as 200Hz - 4kHz).
• Sensitivity and Loudness Ratings - For calculating the sensitivity and loudness rating for the transducers, the maximum differential input swing for ADC and the maximum differential output swing for the DAC must be known.
• Board Mounting Method - The board mounting method selected is very important. If both components are surface mount devices, then the solution may be prone to coupling through the PCB. In general sprung clips are always good. The distance between the loudspeaker and microphone should be as far as possible to avoid the echo coupling of internal path and to increase the acoustic path for speakerphone application.
• Physical Dimensions - The physical size of the component is very important when it is to be designed into a handheld device.
• Speaker Impedance - The impedance of the speaker should be matched to that of the driver circuit.
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Acoustic Cavity Design using the Helmholtz Resonator
Where: r = Hole Length V = Resonance Volume D = Hole Diameter f = Frequency (Hz) c = Speed of Sound (344m/s)
This is known as the Helmholtz Resonator. The above equation enables us to alter the resonant frequency and / or increase the Sound Pressure Level at a given frequency.
Where: L = Length of exit hole V = Resonance Volume A = Exit hole area f = Frequency (Hz) c = Speed of Sound (344m/s)
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Mobile Phone PMP Casework DesignMobile Phone PMP Casework Design
Simple Mounting - This involves sticking the element directly to the casework. The acoustic properties will not be optimized by this method.
Circumference fixing - This method involves fixing the outside circumference of the element to the casework using a supporting ring built into the casework design:
• In this way a considerable amount of sound pressure can be achieved, over a wide frequency range.
Nodal Mounting - This method involves fixing the nodal diameter of the component to the casework. Sound pressure will be good at the resonant frequency but poor away from it.
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Microphone Structure Design in PMPMicrophone Structure Design in PMP
Microphone in Mobile-phone Structure Design • The surrounding of microphone opening is sealed well with
well-designed rubber boot & sponge. • The stiff and hardness of rubber material is 700+/-5. • The additional sponge is added to seal between the
microphone rubber boot & opening surface. • The rubber boot should be interference for 1~2mm to cover. • The opening area to microphone is >1.75mm2 [R=0.8mm] • The microphone opening is faced to user’s mouth and it is not
physically blocked by the cheek. • The gas proof between the rubber boot and curve of
microphone outlet profile is very important for echo cancellation and wind noise.
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Cavity Resonant Frequency for Rubber Boot DesignCavity Resonant Frequency for Rubber Boot Design
Cavity Resonant Frequency • A quantitative analysis of the cavity resonance gives the
frequency expression
• A: cm^2; V: cm^3; L: cm; v: sound speed (depends on temperature); f: Hz.
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• For designing the buzzer cavity, the Helmholtz resonat or should be used, and for loudest output the cavity sh ould be designed to be resonant at the resonant frequency of the buzzer.
• For the design of the microphone and earpiece cavities , the Helmholtz resonator should also be used, but this tim e the cavities should be designed such that the resonant
• frequency is well above the band of interest, in or der to avoid unwanted harmonics.
• A good rule of thumb is to design a Helmholtz resonat or with greater than 2 x maximum frequency in the band of in terest. (In general this means a resonator of frequency > 8kHz)
• Some experience company can be offer simulation servic e (As like “KNOWLES”)
Cavity Resonant Frequency for Rubber Boot Cavity Resonant Frequency for Rubber Boot Design ruleDesign rule
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Block Diagram of a Digital Microphone IC Inside an ECM
Block Diagram of an Audio Delta-Sigma ADC
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TI Digital Microphone Function on TLV320AIC33 and Digital Microphone Interface
Digital Microphone ApplicationDigital Microphone Application
KNOWLES SPM0205HD4 RECOMMENDED INTERFACE CIRCUIT
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consists of two microphones, 100mm apart.
• Big two-element Array: This geometry
consists of two microphones, 200mm apart.
• Linear four-element array: This geometry consists of four microphones with the far right and far left microphone 190 mm apart and the inner two microphones 55mm apart. A second geometry layout allows for the far right and left microphones to be 160mm apart and the inner two microphones to be 70mm apart.
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• This design is targeted for a tablet PC where the screen can be flipped around. When writing on the table, this screen position can cause the hand to cover its lower right or left corners. By positioning the microphones in the manner described here, the hand will not interfere with the microphones' operation.
• In general, the more microphones in the array the better, but here is a general rule of thumb:
• In either case, This highly recommend finding a lapto p equipped with digital microphones .
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Measurement MethodsMeasurement MethodsMeasurement Methods •• Maximum Length Sequences (MLS): Maximum Length Sequences (MLS):
(a) Frequency & Phase Response(a) Frequency & Phase Response (b) Impulse Response(b) Impulse Response (c) Non(c) Non --anechoic Analysisanechoic Analysis (d) Energy Time Curve (ETC) (d) Energy Time Curve (ETC) (e) Waterfall and Wavelet (e) Waterfall and Wavelet
•• Sinusoidal Analysis (Steady State Response): Sinusoidal Analysis (Steady State Response): (()) (a) Frequency & Phase Response(a) Frequency & Phase Response (b) Possibility of Gated Acquisition(b) Possibility of Gated Acquisition (c) Harmonic Analysis vs. Frequency(c) Harmonic Analysis vs. Frequency (d) Impedance & Thiele(d) Impedance & Thiele --Small ParametersSmall Parameters
•• Third of Octave Analysis: 1/3 Third of Octave Analysis: 1/3 Classical 1/3 Octave Measurement and Display with P seudoClassical 1/3 Octave Measurement and Display with P seudo --Random Pink Random Pink Noise ExcitationNoise Excitation
•• FFT (Fast Fourier Spectrum): FFT (Fast Fourier Spectrum):
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Frequency range
Calculating the Dynamic Range of a Microphone
According to the international standard IEC 60268-4, the dynamic range of any kind of professional audio equipment is calculated as the difference between the total noise floor (measured in dB(A)) and the equivalent sound pressure level (measured in dB) where a certain amount of total harmonic distortion (THD) appears.
Dynamic Range
Noise floor
Normally, microphone manufacturers all over the world specify the equivalent sound pressure level at 0.5% THD.
Distortion normally increases with a certain linearity according to the input level. The THD is double with a 6dB increase of the input level.
Total harmonic distortion ( THD )
Typical applications • Acoustic-impedance measurements • Exhaust-system measurements • Near-field measurements • Measurements at high temperatures • Pressure-distribution measurements
in small enclosures as like Mobile- phone Microphone/Receiver/Speaker.
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Near Field Microphone Measurements SimulationNear Field Microphone Measurements Simulation
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Probe Microphone Application in Probe Microphone Application in Human Ear Domain Human Ear Domain
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Audio System Design Analysis & Test ProcessAudio System DesignAudio System Design Analysis & Test ProcessAnalysis & Test Process
System Performance Measurement FAT Certificate for EN 50332 And 3GPP TS26 126 With Third Party
Speaker and microphone Enclosure Design and Simulation
Speaker (Single-body) Characteristics Measurement
LibraryLibrary
FinishFinish
ReRe--CheckCheck or or
ModificationModification LMS + LEAPLMS + LEAP
Anechoic Chamber R&S Equipments and B&K HATS Ear Si mulator Anechoic Chamber R&S Equipments and B&K HATS Ear Si mulator
IEA EAIEA EA--11B&K / B&K / SoundcheckSoundcheck
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Certificate FTACertificate FTA
HATSHATS
AccessoriesAccessories

Network) Performance Network) Performance MeasurementMeasurement
Transducer (SingleTransducer (Single --Body) Body)
Characteristics MeasurementCharacteristics Measurement
PrecisionPrecision 27222722
B&K 3560CB&K 3560C Rohde & SchwarzRohde & Schwarz CMU200 + UPL16CMU200 + UPL16
IEA EAIEA EA --1 1 SoundCheckSoundCheck
B&K 2012B&K 2012 LinearXLinearX LMSLMS
LEAP / LEAP / OrcadOrcad
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Mobile Phone FTA 3GPP TS 26 126Mobile Phone FTA 3GPP TS 26 126
Outline: • Test cases catalogs
– Loudness rating & frequency response – STMR – Echo loss – Distortion – Idle noise – Stability margin – Ambient noise rejection
• How the signal goes and meaning of test results
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RF
Note: If you are performing the 3GPP/GSM test cases under UPL/UPV, please follow the cable assignment!
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Gen 1 drive artificial mouth to produce a -4.7dBPa
multi sine signal. (That is why UPL/UPV EQ mouth to -4.7dBPa)1
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SLR,SFRSLR,SFR--test resultstest results
3GPP 26.131 define the upper and lower limits for sending frequency response, these two limits could be shifted!
How to calculate SLR?
1. Loudness rating is defined as “loudness loss”. 2. The smaller SLR value, the louder of sending loudness! 3. Band 4 and band 17 stand for 200Hz and 4kHz, respectively. 4. How to pass/improve?
Criteria
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RLR,RFRRLR,RFR--signal pathsignal path
Gen 2 send a -16dBm0 multi sine signal to CMU. -16dBm0 is the standard speech signal for mobile test.
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RLR,RFRRLR,RFR--test resultstest results
3GPP 26.131 define the upper and lower limits for receiving frequency response, these two limits could be shifted!
How to calculate RLR?
1. Loudness rating is defined as “loudness loss”. 2. The smaller RLR value, the louder of receiving loudness! 3. Band 4 and band 17 stand for 200Hz and 4kHz, respectively. 4. How to pass/improve?
Criteria
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Why need to evaluate STMR? For human perception!
The sidetone loudness rating are a means of expressing the path loss from the artificial mouth to the artificial ear base on objective single tone measurement in a way that relates to how a speaker will perceive his own voice when talking (talker sidetone, expressed by the sidetone masking rating-STMR). Or how a listener will perceive the
background noise picked up by the microphone (listening sidetone rating-LSTRHow to calculate STMR?
1. Loudness rating is defined as “loudness loss”. 2. The smaller STMR value, the louder of sidetone loudness! 3. Band 4 and band 17 stand for 200Hz and 4kHz, respectively. 4. How to pass/improved?
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Echo lossEcho loss --signal pathsignal path
Gen 2 send a -16dBm0 multi sine signal to CMU. -16dBm0 is the standard speech signal for mobile test.
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Machine
ITU-T P.51 Mouth Simulator B&K 4227
Test Action and
Trigger to Analyzer
Acoustic
Analysis
Voltage
Analyzer
Generator
Signal Sweep sine
Introduction Test Items: • 100Hz ~ 10KHz 1/3~1/12 Octave
Frequency Response and Sensitivity.
< 2%
Sensitivity < 1.5 sec. • THD and Consumption Current
< 1.5 sec. • Total Index Time < 3 sec.
(Each One)
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Acoustic Parameter
Test Solution
Acoustic Parameter
IEA Automation Acoustic QC Test
Simulator Mouth
Reference Microphone
Measuring Index.
• Earphone Right and Left with Microphone<15 sec. for each one set.
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Briefly Introduction:
(A) Measurement items • (1) Frequency response 10Hz ~ 90KHz. (1) Frequency response 10Hz ~ 90KHz. • (2) Impedance (2) Impedance • (3) Polarity (3) Polarity • (4) Single harmonic response >0.001% (4) Single har monic response >0.001% • (5) Narrowband FFT analysis with definable stimulus >130000 poin (5) Narrowband FFT analysis with
definable stimulus >130000 points. ts. • (6) T&S parameters (6) T&S parameters • (7) Sensitivity (7) Sensitivity • (8) Frequency (8) Frequency • (9) THD >0.005% (9) THD >0.005% • (10) IMD >0.001% (10) IMD >0.001% • (11) Noise > (11) Noise >-110dB
(B) QC items • (1) Frequency Response + Polarity <1.5 sec. (1) Fre quency Response + Polarity <1.5 sec. • (2) Narrowband FFT analysis (2) Narrowband FFT anal ysis for Rub and Buzz <2 sec. • (3) Single harmonic response <1 sec. (3) Single har monic response <1 sec. • (4) Stereo Sensitivity Check <1 sec. (4) Stereo Sen sitivity Check <1 sec. • (5) Impedance (5) Impedance Fo Fo Response <2 sec. Re sponse <2 sec. • (6) Stereo Sensitivity Check <1 sec. .
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Stereo Earphone Audio Analysis & QC Equipment IEA EA-1
Main Part: Electro-Acoustic Integrated System + IEA MP -1 Measuri ng Power Amplifier
• Software: Software: IEA EA-1
• Function / Usage: Electrical & Acoustical Measurement
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EAEA--1 1 -- Audio Analyzer SystemAudio Analyzer System
• Electro-Acoustic Tests System (Equal to B&K 3560C and Soundcheck System)EA-1, by IEA Electro-Acoustic Technology Co., Ltd, is the new exciting measurement software combined for the NEW CLIO System from ITALY Audiomatica. Frequency Response Range can be from 10Hz ~90KHz
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GENERATOR • Two channels 24 Bit sigma-delta D/A Converter • Frequency range: 1Hz-90kHz • Frequency accuracy: >0.01% • Frequency resolution: 0.01Hz • Output impedance: 660Ohm • Max output level (Sine):17dBu(5.5Vrms) • Attenuation: 0.1 dB steps to full mute • THD+Noise(Sine):0.008%
ANALYZER • Two channels 24 Bit sigma-delta D/A Converter • Input range: +40 ÷÷÷÷ -40dBV • Max input acceptance: +40dBV (283Vpp) • Input impedance: 128k Ohm (5.6k Ohm) • Phantom power supply: 24V
MISCELLANEOUS • Sampling frequency: 192kHz, 96kHz and 48kHz • Audio connections: 2 XLR combo analog input , 2 XLR plus 2 RCA analog output SPDIF
Output x 1
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Block diagram of a complete setBlock diagram of a complete set --upup for Design testsfor Design tests
Signal form generator earphone
Computer with hardware and software for simulating
A signal generator capable of generating logarithmically swept tones and/or pink noise
An audio frequency analyzer capable of wide band and/or 1/3 octave band measurements Output to analyzer
Input from preamplifier
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Block diagram of a complete setBlock diagram of a complete set --upup for making testsfor making tests
Signal form generator earphone
Computer with hardware and software for simulating
A signal generator capable of generating logarithmically swept tones and/or pink noise
An audio frequency analyzer capable of wide band and/or 1/3 octave band measurements Output to analyzer
Input from preamplifier
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QC Mass Production Ear Simulator and Test Fixture Jig
Introduction • The Artificial Ear Type 43AC is a complete
test jig for acoustically testing earphones coupled to the ear via inserts such as tubes and ear moulds and complies with the following international requirements
• IEC 60711 Ed. 1.OB Occluded-ear simulator for the measurement of earphones coupled to the ear by ear inserts (formerly IEC 711)
• ITU-T Recommendations P.57 (08/96) Series P: Telephone transmission quality, Objective measuring apparatus: Artificial ears.
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Test Fixture
Speaker Unit
Sound Quality ParametersSound Quality Parameters
Sound quality parameters (metrics) can be determined using FFT or Zwicker Loudness analysis. You can determine:
• Loudness analysis. You can determine: • Loudness Waterfall Spectrum • Loudness Contour Spectrum • Total Loudness vs. Time • Instantaneous Loudness vs. Time • Statistical Instantaneous Loudness • Sharpness vs. Time • Specific Roughness • Specific Fluctuation Strength • Instantaneous Tone-to-Noise Ratio • Instantaneous Prominence Ratio • Envelope Analysis • Loudness Envelope • FFT Envelope • CPB Envelope
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Issue International Standard Issue International Standard
• IEC IEC-60268-7 • IEC IEC-60581-10 Hi-Fi • IEC-60303 • IEC IEC-60318, ITU-T P57 Type1 • IEC IEC-60711,ITU-T P57 Type2 • ITU ITU-T P57 Type3.2 & 3.3 Head and Torso • BSI EN BSI EN-50332-1 & -2
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HiHi--FiFi Earphone RequestEarphone Request
• Stereo 250Hz ~8KHz +/-2dB • THD<1% (at 94dB SPL) • THD<3% (at 100dB SPL) • Combine Noise<30dBA • Impedance<80%(Typical) • Headphone Clip Force<5N(~0.5Kg) • Inner Earphone Force<200g
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EN ENEN EN--5033250332--1 and EN1 and EN --03320332--2 2 Basic Safety RequestBasic Safety Request
• Tests repeats 5 times for each Ear • A-weighted equivalent continuous sound pressure level
pressure level LAeq
• Averaging time of 30s or More • Limitation Value <100dB (Max SPL) • Longtime average <90dB for Medical Evaluation
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Impedance and TS Parameter MultiImpedance and TS Parameter Multi --Meter Meter Function THD% and CF Crest FactorFunction THD% and CF Crest Factor
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LEQ Level for ENLEQ Level for EN --50332 and Linearity 50332 and Linearity Distortion AnalysisDistortion Analysis
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FFT and Octave Real time with Time Domain FFT and Octave Real time with Time Domain AnalysisAnalysis
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