PM and NOx at the Port of Oakland
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Transcript of PM and NOx at the Port of Oakland
Exhaust PM and NOx Emissions from Individual Heavy-Duty Trucks
at the Port of Oakland
Timothy Dallmann and Robert Harley University of California, Berkeley
Thomas Kirchstetter Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Acknowledgments
Phil Martien, Virginia Lau & other District staff (Bay Area AQMD)
Drew Gentner (UC Berkeley)
Brad Edgar (Cleaire)
Research funding: Bay Area AQMD
Introduction Communities near ports and rail yards
have disproportionate diesel exhaust impact (trucks, locomotives, ships)
Port of Oakland
West Oakland
UP and BNSF Rail Yards
SF-Oakland Bay Bridge
Port of Oakland Truck Age Age of trucks entering/exiting terminal gates
1817 unique license plates matched to DMV records ~100% HD diesel trucks. Survey date: Oct/Nov 2008
50% of trucks 1997 or older
ARB Port Truck Rule
Port of Oakland Truck Program
$25M grant funding provided by ARB, BAAQMD, Port of Oakland, and EPA » 1300 trucks retrofit with diesel particle
filters (DPF) – 4 different filter designs » 200 new truck replacements » truck owners paid some of the costs
In this study, Port truck emissions were measured in Nov 2009 and Jun 2010 » most retrofits happened during this period
UP Rail Yard
TO I-‐880 S
TO/FROM Port
SAMPLING LOCATION
Mobile Lab Measurements
Species Instrument Method
CO2 Li-Cor 820 Non-dispersive infrared absorption
NOx Eco Physics CLD 64 Chemiluminescence
BC Aethalometer Light attenuation (filter)
PM2.5 TSI DustTrak Light scattering
All measurements had 1-second time resolution
Sample Truck Plumes Truck with low BC/PM emissions A typical “average” truck
Black Carbon Emission Factors
PM2.5 Emission Factors
NOx Emission Factors
Discussion/Summary Emission factor reductions
» ~50% for exhaust PM/black carbon » ~40% for NOx (surprising given DPF focus)
» Port truck clean-up occurred rapidly – Similar reductions for HD trucks @ Caldecott
tunnel took 9 years (1997-2006) to achieve!
Further measurements planned in 2011 » NO/NO2 split, particle # and size distribution » durability of retrofits?