Plumbing Code Terminology

7/28/2019 Plumbing Code Terminology

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SANITARY AND PLUMBING SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT

A. WATER SUPPLY

1. SEDIMENTATION A method of purifying water wherein particles ofmatters that are suspended in the water are allowed to stay in acontainer so that they will settle in the bottom, then drawing the water

out, leaving these matters in the container.

2. Water is t reated by giving CHEMICAL TREATMENTS to ki ll theharmful bacteria present and to cure the turbid taste or mud taste,remove clay, salts, iron, etc. commonly used treating liquids is chlorine.

3. Water is purif ied by FILTRATION . In various processes, so as toremove the particles of vegetable matter, mud and other particles ofmatter present in the water, most commonly used materials are sandand gravel.

4. Raw water is made to pass on pipes of t iny sieves (strainers) andexposed to a ir o f f ine mist to puri fy i t. This is cal led AERATIONmethod.

5. A PUMP is water equipment used whenever the water supply at itsnatura l pressure cannot be d irect ly p iped to a bui ld ing, tank orreservoir.

6. LIFT PUMP consists of a piston traveling up and down within acylinder which is connected with a pipe extending down into the source.

The piston and the bottom of the cylinder are each provided with avalve opening upward. Upon the pistons upstroke, valve A closes andvalve B opens. Upon the pistons down stroke valve A opens and Bcloses.

7. FORCE PUMP is used to deliver water at a point higher than theposit ion of the pump itself. When the plunger (a piston) descends,valve A is closed and water in the cylinder is forced out through valveB and up to the storage. When the plunger is raised, valve B isclosed and A open to admit water to the cylinder. [A pump that usespressure to move liquid]

8. SUBMERSIBLE PUMP - is a kind of pump attached to the end of deepwell pipe enclosed in a casing where the pump is capable of functioningwhile submerged.

9. CESSPOOL (SUMP) - underground container for waste matter: acovered underground tank or well for the collection of waste matter andwater, especially sewage.

10. CISTERN TANK - a reservoir, tank or vessel for storing or holding

water or other liquids

11. WATER TANKmay be used either for the collection of water withoutconsideration of pressure, or for storing water under air pressure or

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under a static head for future distribution by pneumatic or gravitymeans. Materials are PVC, G.I., reinforced concrete, stainless steel orplain steel.

11. A SUCTION TANK is a tank constructed of riveted or welded steelplate; the larger tanks often being divided into two compartments.They should be large enough to contain at least one days supply for the

entire building in case the city main is temporarily shut off. The pipefrom the pump to the tank should be across connected to the city mainso that the water may be pumped directly from the main in case of fire.These tanks are used so that the pneumatic tank or other pumps suckthe water from this tank and not from the public main, so that it will notdeprive the neighbors of water due to pressure.

12. PNEUMATIC TANK A tank using air pressure from a suction tankto distribute water for tall buildings which cannot be reached by normalpressure.

13. UPFEED SYSTEM. Water is distributed from the normal waterpressure coming from the public water main, for low rise buildings.

14. DOWNFEED SYSTEM. By gravity, water is distr ibuted fromoverhead water tanks and is supported either by structural frames or onthe roof decks. Fixtures are below the gravity tank. These elevatedtanks are installed when normal water supply from main public servicepipes is not frequent and when normal pressure from city main is notenough to force the water to the highest fixtures.

15. The pipe from the public water main or source of water supply tothe building served is called: SERVICING PIPE.

16. The vertical supply pipe which extends upward from one floor to thenext is called a RISER and the horizontal pipes that serve the faucetsare called BRANCHES .

B. WATER SUPPLY

1. WATER MAIN refers to the public water system laid undergroundalong the streets where the house service is connected.

2. GOOSENECK. One end is 0.30M and the other end is 0.90M long.This prevents the pipe from snapping when the soil settles. [U-shaped?]

3. CORPORATION COCK. A stop valve in a service pipe close to itsconnection with a water main.

4. BUSHING . A kind of G.I. f itt ing used as a reducer from a biggerdiameter to a lesser diameter.

5. UNION. A G.I. fitting which is used when a pipe has already beeninstalled but dismantling is difficult.

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6. Excessive pressure produces a rumbling sound called the WATERHAMMER . This occurs when a valve is suddenly turned off andcauses the water to stop, forcing the pipes to shake and to reducethis, an additional 0.30m to 0.90m length of pipe is added tothe riser to give air pressure which absorb it.

7. STREET ELBOW or TEE . A kind of G.I. f itt ing that has one end

external threads, while the other end has internal threads.

8. To insure no leakage, a G.I . pipe when threaded has to use leadliquid or TEFLON tape around the thread before tightening thefittings.

9. uPVC means: UNPLASTICIZED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE pipe .

10. GATE VALVES. This consists of a wedge-shaped plug whichis screwed down to seat between two brass rings surrounding theinlet pipe so that a double seal is obtained. The inlet and outletare in a straight line. This valve is used when a normal fully openor closed position is desired. Either end may be used as inlet.

11. CHECK VALVES. These valves are used when it is desiredthat the flow through a pipe be always in one direction and there isa possibility of a flow taking place in the opposite direction. Onetype has a p ivoted f lap which is readi ly pushed open by thepressure of water from one side but is tightly closed by the forceof a reverse flow.

12. CASING . A mater ia l used as a cover ing, such as a p ipebigger than the main pipe of a deep well so that the main pipe canbe pulled out for repair.

13. OVERHEAD HEIGHT . This is the vertical distance from thehigher source of water or overhead tank to the outlet ( faucets,shower head) and is distributed by gravity.

14. WATER TABLE. Subsurface conditions of ground water androck must be known. Sites with subsurface which are about 1.80mto 2.40m below grade can cause problems with excavat ions,

foundations, utility placement and landscaping. This is describedas a level underground in which the soil is situated with water.

15. PIPE CHASE. An opening or space to accommodate a groupof pipes.

16. When the water supply of a very tal l bui ld ing is des igned as aunit, the required capacities or tanks, pumps and pipings becomeunduly large and excessive pressures are developed in lowerportions of the downfeed r isers. The buildings therefore are

divided into horizontal sections or GROUPING , and to design thehot and cold water supply systems separately for each.

C. FIRE PROTECTION, STORM WATER

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1. STANDPIPES & HOSES with separate water reserve or up feedpumping are extremely valuable in any bui ld ings but becomehighly essential in tall buildings. This system, intended for use bybuilding personnel until the fire engines arrive and thereafter bythe trained staff of the fire department.

2. Automatic SPRINKLER systems consist of horizontal pattern ofpipes placed near the ceilings of industrial buildings, warehouses,s tores, theatres and other st ructures where the f ire hazardrequires their use. These pipes are provided with outlets andheads so constructed that temperatures of 55-70 degree Celsiuswill cause them to open automatically and emit a series of timewater sprays.

3. WET PIPE SYSTEM. A system o f sprink le rs wi th its pipesconstantly filling both mains and distribution pipes.

4. DRY PIPE SYSTEM. Generally confined to unheated buildings,there is no water in the distr ibution pipes except during a f ire.Remote valves may be adequate by sensitive elements to admitwater to sprinkler heads.

5. SIAMESE TWIN . An inlet p laced outside a bui ld ing c lose toground level, having two openings so that fire engines can pumpwater to the dry stand pipes and sprinkler system of the building.

6. Sprink le r heads are the quartzoid bulb type. The bulb is

t ransparent and conta ins a colored l iquid. At 360 degreesFahrenheit, the bulb breaks and releases a water stream. One iscalled UPRIGHT when used above piping when piping is exposedbut when it is hidden inside ceilings that show only the bulb it iscalled PENDENT.

7. The portion of the plumbing system which conveys rainwater to asuitable terminal. This is usually discharged into a street gutterconveyed by a public STORM DRAIN system and carried to somedrainage terminal such as lakes or rivers.

8. PEFORATED PIPE. When the soil is not permeable, and it touchesa concrete or hollow block wall of a basement, rainwater will seepon it and may f lood. The gravel is placed al l around this wall0.30m wide and about 0.30m below the basement floor rainwaterfrom the gravel towards the drainage terminal.

D. SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEMS

1. BLACK WATER. Water plus human waste, solid and liquid, urine

that is flushed out of toilets and urinals.

2. SOIL STACK PIPE . A vertical soil pipe containing fecal matter andliquid waste.

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3. WASTE PIPES. A pipe which conveys only liquid wastes free offecal matter.

4. VENT . A pipe or opening used for ensuring the circulation of air ina plumbing system and for reducing the pressure exerted on trapseals.

5. CLEANOUT FERRULE . A metallic sleeve calked (to fill the gaps, toseal or to waterproof) or otherwise, joined to an opening in a pipe,into which a plug is screwed that can be removed for the purposeof cleaning or examining the interior of the pipe.

6. TRAP. A f it ting or device so constructed as to prevent thepassage of air, gas and materially affecting the flow of sewage orwaste water through it.

7. HOUSE DRAIN. The part of the lowest hor izontal piping of aplumbing system which receives the discharge from soil, waste andother drainage pipes inside of a building and conveys it to thehouse sewer. It should have a slope of at least to a foot or6mm for every 300mmor 2%.

8. UNDERGROUND PIT (why not sump pits) . A pit or receptacle at alow point to which the liquid wastes are drained.

9. SHAFT . A vert ical opening though a bui ld ing for e levators ,dumbwaiters, light, ventilation and others.

10. SLEEVE . A sheet metal placed when concrete is poured toaccommodate plumping pipes (through the hole made).

11. CAULKING . Lugging an opening around pipe joints withoakum (hemp soaked with oil) lead or other materials l ike epoxyadhesive on vinyl that are pounded place.

12. GRADES OF HORIZONTAL PIPING . All horizontal pipingshall run in practical alignment and at a uniform grade of not lessthan 2% and shall be supported or anchored at intervals not

exceeding 3.00M length (10 feet). All stacks shall be properlysupported at their bases and al l pipes are r igidly hundred (100inches) length.

13. GREASE TRAP. This kind of trap must be installed whereveroily, lard contained wastes from hotels, restaurants, club houses orsimilar public eating places are discharged into the sewer or septicvault. Sand traps shall be placed as near as possible to the fixturefrom which it receives the discharge and shall have an air-tightcover, easily removable to permit its cleaning.

14. TRAP SEAL. This is the vertical distance between the dipand the crown weir (an embankment or levee) built to hold waterin its course or to divert it to a new course of a p-trap. Also it is

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the water in the t rap between the d ip and the crown weir toprevent unpleasant and odorous gases to enter the room throughthe fixtures.

15. SIPHONAGE . The result of a minus pressure in the drainagesystem. (Pressure is a force required to move gas or liquid) when alarge amount of the trap (seal) is absolutely discharged. When the

seal is lost, back flow of gases from the sewer line will pass intothe trap, finds its way to the fixture drain outlet and spread intothe room.

16. Upon the comple tion o f the entire water d is tribution systemincluding connections to apprentices, devices, tanks, or fixtures, itshall be tested and inspected by means ofWATER & AIR TEST .

E . SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM, REFUSE HANDLING

1. SEPTIC TANK. A receptacle or water tight vault used to collectorganic waste discharge from the house sewer and designed andconstructed so as to separate solids from the liquid, digest theorganic matter through a per iod of detention, and allow theeffluent to discharge a storm drain.

2. CATCH BASIN. A receptacle in which l iquids are retained for asufficient period of time to deposit settleable materials.

3. PUBLIC SEWER MAIN . A public sanitary waste disposal systemconsisting of a treatment unit which conveys the raw waste to the

disposal system.

4. A common way of disposing solids is by INCINERATION . This is acontrolled burning of combustible waste. This can be an effectivewaste reduction method for 70 percent of all municipal wastes. Ifthis is operated properly, it can reduce bulk by 90 to 95 percent.Ash left over is generally disposed off in a landfill.

5. Another method of disposing municipal solid wastes is by dumpingof refuse at a pre-planned site, compacted and covered with alayer of earth. This method is called a SANITARY LANDFILL .

6 . When garbage f rom dif fe rent f loors of a h igh-rise bui ld ing isdisposed off from an opening and is directly led to the basementgarbage bin. This is called the RUBBISH CHUTES.

7. GARBAGE DISPOSER . This is a contraption inverted to disposeleftovers straight from the kitchen sink. Simply turn on the faucet,flick the power switch and place the leftovers such as bones, fruitpits, rotten vegetables, spoiled bones and washed down the drainpipes.

8. After the ground preparation, a LINER should be laid out on thearea enclosed for sanitary landfill. The main purpose is to preventthe seepage of leachate (dirty water, to cause liquid to percolate)

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deep down to the ground water strata. This consists of soi l orcomposite material such as synthetic plastic or asphalt sheets.

9. TRENCH METHOD. A method of landfil l wherein a tractor digs atrench with a bulldozer blade and trucks dump the refuse to it .Then the tractor compacts the refuse thoroughly and covers it withearth that was dug up earlier. This method is primarily used on

ground level.

10. AREA METHOD. This method of landfill is generally used onrolling terrain where the existing slope of the land can be used asa basin. In this method, trucks deposit refuse over the selectedarea. Huge, heavy tractors with special compacting wheels pressdown the refuse. Then the refuse is covered with earth hauled infrom elsewhere.

11. Col lect ion o f human wastes is done by elaborate systems tocarry most liquid sewage to WATER TREATMENT PLANTS , wherethe sewage undergoes a ser ies of t reatment steps to removepolluting materials, biological and chemical contaminants that canharm human health or ecological systems. The first stage is thetrapping or screening of coarse suspended matter into a gritchamber . Then the use of aerobic microorganisms to break downthe organic matte r le ft in the sewage ca lled the biologicaloxidation . Then the third phase, chemical treatments used toremove undesirable constituents that remain. What results isdrinking quality water.

12. BIDET. A f ixture that appears l ike a water c loset, s ince aperson s i ts down on i t. But i t i s des igned as a combinat ionlavatory which can plug the drain and collect hot & cold water,with an inverted water sprayer to clear the most delicate and well-guarded parts of the body.

F. MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS

1. What determines the size of a leaching field? PERCOLATION TEST

2. What is an important concern in private water supply? HARDNESS.

3. What part of water supply design is affected by building height?STATIC HEAD

4. Statements:

a . Correct*Dry pipe spr inkler systems are more eff ic ient than wet pipesystems.*The hazard classification does not necessarily affect sprinkler

layout.b. Incorrect*Siamese connections serve both sprinklers and standpipes

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*Standpipes must be located within stairways or vestibules ofsmoke-proofed enclosures.*Standpipes are required in buildings four or more stories high orthose exceeding 150 feet.

5. The pressure in a city water main is (0.39273 MPa). If the pressureloss through p ip ing, f it tings, and the water meter has been

calcu lated as 231 ps i (o.15847 MPa) and the h ighest f ixturerequires 12 psi (0.08268 MPa) to operate, what is the maximumheight the fixture can be above the water main? 50 FEET (15M)

6. You have been retained by a client to design a house in a suburbanlocation. The nearest water main is one block away (about 1000M)and the city has no plans to extend the l ine in the near future.City and county regulations do permit the drilling of wells. Whatshould you recommend you client regarding water supply?

ESTIMATE THE COST OF EXTENDING THE MUNICIPAL LINE, SINCETHE WATER QUALITY IS KNOWN AND IT WOULD ENSURE A LONG-TERM SUPPLY. CONSULT WITH NEARBY PROPERTY OWNERS WHOPLAN TO BUILD IN THE AREA TO SEE IF THEY WOULD BE WILLING TOSHARE THE COST OF EXTENDING THE LINE.

7. Which statements about drainage are correct?a. Correct*Vents help prevent the drainage of water from traps*The house drain cannot also be called the building sewer*Cleanouts are always a necessary part of a drainage system

b. Incorrect*Drains should always slope at a minimum of 1/8 inch per foot(.0099 per meter) or 9.9mm/meter. [0.99%]

8. Water hammer most often occurs when:WATER SUDDENLY STOPS WHEN FLOW IS TURNED OFF.

9. One component of a plumbing system that every building has is a :STACK VENT

10. Select the incorrect statements:

a . Correct*Several types of plastic can be used for cold water piping, butonly PVDC is used for hot water supply where allowed by localcodes.*Steel pipe is more labor intensive and requires more spacethan copper pipes in plumbing chases.*ABS is suitable for water supply.b. Incorrect*Type M pipe is normally specified for most interior plumbing

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ESSENTIAL PARTS OF PLUMBING SYSTEM (SANITARY DRAINAGE)

1. HOUSE SEWER OR BUILDING SEWER - That horizontal run of pipe,starting from 5 outside the building which receives the sewage fromthe house drain or building and conveys the same to the sewer main orapproved point of disposal.2. HOUSE DRAIN OR BUILDING DRAIN -The lowest horizontal run of pipeinside the building which receives the discharge from fixtures and otherbranches and conveys the same to the house or building sewer.

3. PRIMARY BRANCH -The Primary Brach of a building drain is the singlesloping drain from the base of a stack up to its junction with the mainbuilding drain or with other branches. The primary branch is also calleda Latera l .4. SECONDARY BRANCH -That horizontal run of pipe emanating from afixture or group of fixtures up to its junction with the primary branch.5. HORIZONTAL BRANCH -That t horizontal run of pipe, which receivesthe distance from fixture and convey the same to the stack.

6. BRANCH INTERVAL -That length of pipe of a stack no less than eightfeet which receives the discharge from the horizontal branch.

7. SOIL STACK -The vertical run of pipe, which receives discharge fromfixture without fecal matter.

8 . WASTE STACK -That vertical matter run of pipe, which receivesdischarge from fixtures without fecal matter.

9. LATERAL - In lateral plumbing - a secondary pipe line. In sewerage a

common sewer to which no other common sewer is tributary. It receivessewage only from building sewer.

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10. FIXTURE DRAIN -The drain from the trap of the f ixture to thejunction of the fixture to the drain of the pipe.

11. SPECIAL WASTE OR INDIRECT WASTE PIPE - Waste water pipe fromfixtures or appliances which is al lowed to discharge into a properlyvented fixture and with no direct connection with the drainage system.

PLUMBING CODE: DEFINITION OF TERMS

ALLEY - any public space, public park or thoroughfare less than

three (3) meters but not less than two (2) meters in width which hasbeen dedicated or deeded to the public for public use.

ALTER OR ALTERATION - any change, addit ion or modi fication inconstruction or occupancy. (Change or repair)

APPROVED - accepted or acceptable under an applicable specificationstated or cited in this Code, or accepted as suitable for the proposeduse under procedures and powers at the authority.

AUTHORITY - Authority in this Code is mean to be the individual official,

board, department or agency established an authorized by the office ofthe President (R.A. No.1378) to administer and enforce the provisions of this NationalPlumbing Code as adapted or amended. (Prof. Sanitary Engineering) Plans and specs, (Master Plumber) - Install

BACKFLOW - The flow of water into a water supply system from sourceother than its regular source. Back siphonage is one type of backflow.

BACK PRESSURE - Ai r p ressure in dra inage pipes greater thanatmospheric pressure.

BACK VENT PIPE - the part of a vent line which connects directly with anindividual trapunderneath or behind the fixture and extends to the branch or main,soil, or waste pipe at any point higher than the fixture or fixture trap itserves. This is sometimes called an individual vent.

BALL COCK - A faucet opened or c losed by the fal l or r ise of a bal lfloating on the surface of water.

- A float valve with a spherical float.

BALL JOINT - A connection in which a ball is held in a cuplike shell thatallows movement in every direction.

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BATTERY OF FIXTURES - Battery of fixtures is any of two or more similaradjacent fixtures which discharge into a common horizontal soil branch.

BELL OR HUB - That port ion of a pipe which for a short distance, issuff ic iently enlarged to receive the end of another pipe of the samediameter for the purpose of making a joint.

BENDING PIN (OR IRON) - A tool used for straightening or expandinglead pipe.

BIBB - Synonymous with faucet is preferred. Faucet or Spigot.

BIDET - A plumbing f ixture used for washing the middle part of thebody, specially thegenitals. Also a sitz bath (Used to wash posterior parts of the body).

BLANK FLANGE - A flange that is not drilled.

BLIND FLANGE - A f lange that c loses the end of a pipe. There is noopening for the passage of water. (Used for black iron pipes).

BLOW OFF - A controlled outlet on a pipe line used too discharge wateror detritus. (InSanitary house trap).

BRANCH - A branch is any part of a piping system other than the main,riser or stack.

MWSS - Installation of national local water works.DPWH - For installation & excavation

BRANCH INTERVAL - A length of soil or waste stack corresponding ingeneral to a story height, but in no case less than eight (8) feet, withinwhich the horizontal branches fromone floor or story of a building are connected to the stack.

BRANCH VENT - A vent pipe connecting from a branch of the drainagesystem to a vent stack.

BUILDING - any structure bui lt , erected and framed of componentstructural parts designed for the housing, shelter, enclosure or supportof persons, animals, or property of any kind.

BUILDING SUBDRAIN -That portion of a drainage system which cannotdrain by gravity into the building sewer. ( Any piping system whichneeded to be elevated from basement to the N.G.L.)

CAULKING - Plugging an opening with oakum, lead or other materials

that are pounded into place. Also, the material that is pounded into theopening.

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CAP - A fitting into which the end of a pipe is screwed for the purpose ofclosing the end of the pipe.CATCH BASIN - A receptacle in which liquids are retained for a sufficientperiod to deposit settle able materialCESSPOOL - A pit for the reception or detent ion of sewage.

CHECK VALVE - A valve that automatically closes to prevent the flow of

water in reversedirection. (Prevents reverse flow)CIRCUIT VENT - A group vent extending from in front of the last fixtureconnection on a horizontal branch to the vent stack. See also loop vent.(Loop vent, Branch vent)CONDUCTOR, LEADER, OR DOWNSPOUT - A vertical pipe to convey rain

water.CONTINUOUS VENT - a vertical vent that is a continuation of the drain,to which the vent connects. (or VSTR)CORPORATION COCK - A stop valve placed in a service pipe close to its

connection with awater main.COURT - an open, unoccupied space bounded on two (2) or more sides

by the

walls of the buildings. An inner court is a court entirely within theexterior walls of a building. All other courts are outer courts.CROSS CONNECTION - Any physical connection or arrangement of pipes

between twootherwise separate building water-supply pipes or a system through

which or bymeans of which water supply may flow from one system to the other,

the directionof flow depending on the pressure d if fe rent ia l between the two

systems.

DEAD END - The extended portion of a pipe that is closed at one end towhich no connections are made on the extended portion, thuspermitt ing the stagnat ion of water or air there in. (Water hammerarrester or air gap or air chamber).DEVELOPMENT LENGTH -The length along the center l ine of the pipe

and the fittings.DIAMETER - Diameter of a pipe or tube shall mean the nominal

internal diameter (I.D.) of such pipe; except brass and copper tubingwherein the term shall mean the outside diameter (O.D.) of tubing.

DOMESTIC SEWAGE - See sanitary sewage.

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DOUBLE-BEND FITTING - A pipe fitting shaped like the lette r S.

DOUBLE OFFSET - Two offsets in succession or in series in the sameline.

DOWNSPOUT - The vertical portion of a rainwater conductor.

DRAIN - A sewer or other pipe or conduit used for conveying groundwater, surface water, storm water, or sewage.

DRAINAGE SYSTEM -The drainage pipes of a plumbing system takethe water from the plumbing fixtures and deliver it to the sewer or someother outlet. The drainage pipes must be gas-light, and water-light. Thepassage of air, odors or vitamin from the sewer into the building mustbe prevented.

DRY VENT - A vent that does not carry water or water- borne wastes.

DUAL VENT - See unit vent.

EXISTING WORK - The term existing work shall apply to those portionsof plumbing system which have been installed and approved prior to thecontemplated additions, collections, or corrections.

FAMILY - Family is one person living alone or a group of two (2) or morepersons living together, whether related to each other by birth or not.

FAUCET - A valve on a water pipe by means of which water can bedrawn from or held within the pipe. The valve is placed on the end ofthe pipe.

FERRULE - A metallic sleeve, called or otherwise, joined to an openingin a pipe, into which a plug is screwed that can be removed for thepurpose of cleaning or examining the interior of the pipe.

FIXTURE - A receptacle attached to a plumbing system other than a trapin which water or wastes may be collected or retained for ultimatedischarge into the plumbing system.

FIXTURE BRANCH - The supply pipe between the fixture and the waterdistributing pipe.

FIXTURE DRAIN - The drain from the trap of a fixture to the junction ofthe drain with any other drain pipe.

FIXTURE UNIT - One fixture unit is equivalent to a flow rate of one (1)cubic foot of water per minute or seven and a half (71/2) gallons ofwater per minute.

FLASHING - A piece of sheet metal fitted under another piece of flatmetal or wood over which water is expected to run.

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FLOOD LEVEL - The level in a fixture at which water begins to overflowthe top or rim of the fixture.

FLOOR AREA - The area included within surrounding walls of a building(or portion thereof), exclusive of vent shafts and courts.

FLUSH VALVE - A valve used for f lushing a f ixture by using water

directly from the water supply pipes or in connection with a specialflush tank.

GATE VALVE - A valve in which the flow of water is cut off by means of acircular disk, fitting against machine-smoothed faces, at right angles tothe direction of f low. The disk is raised or lowered by means of athreaded stem connected to the handle of the valve. The opening in thevalve is usually as large as the full bore of the pipe.

GLOBE VALVE - A valve in which the flow of water is cut off by means ofa circular disk that fits against the valve seat. The plane of movementof the disk is parallel to the normal direction of flow of water, which isturned through a tortuous passage to direct the flow normal to the faceof the disk.

GOOSE NECK - A return bend of small-sized pipe one end of which isabout one (1) foot long and the other end is about three (3) inches long.I t i s commonly used as a faucet for a pantry s ink. A lso, the leadconnection between a service pipe and a water main.

GRADE - The slope or fall of a l ine of pipe in reference to a horizontal

plane usually expressed in percent.

GROUND WATER - The water that is standing in or passing through theground.

GROUP VENT - A branch vent that performs its function for two (2) ormore traps.

HEIGHT OF BUILDING - The vertical distance from the Grade Line tothe highest point of the coping of a f lat roof or to the deck l ine of amansard roof or to the average height of the highest gable of a pitch or

hip-roof.

HORIZONTAL BRANCH - A branch drain extending laterally from soil orwaste stack, with or without vertical sections or branches, that receivesthe discharge from one or more fixture drains and conducts it to the soilor waste stack or to the building drain.

HOUSE DRAIN - part of the lowest horizontal piping of a plumbingsystem which receives the discharge from soi l, waste, and otherdrainage pipes inside of a buildings conveys it to the house sewer.

HOUSE STORM SEWER - A house storm sewer is the pipeline from thebuilding to the public storm sewer system.

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INDIRECT WASTE PIPE - A waste pipe that does not connect directlywith the building drainage system but discharges into is through aproperly trapped fixture or receptacle.

INDIVIDUAL VENT - See back vent.

INDUSTRIAL WASTES - Industrial waste are liquid waste resulting from

the processes employed in industrial establishments and are free fromfecal matter.

INSANITARY - Contrary to sanitary principles or injurious to hea lth.

INTERCEPTOR - A receptacle designed and constructed to intercept orseparate, and prevent the passage of o il , grease, sand, or othermaterials into the drainage system to which it is directly or indirectlyconnected.

INVERT - The lowest portion of the inside of any pipe conduit that is notvertical.

LATERAL - In plumbing, a secondary pipe line. In average, a commonsewer to which no other common sewer is tributary, receives sewageonly from building sewers.

LATRINE - A water closet consisting of a continuous though containingwater. The

trough extends under two (2) or more adjacent seats. Prohibited bymost authorities

for permanent installations.

LAVATORY - A fixture designed for the washing of the hands or face.Sometimes called

a wash basin.

LEACHING CESSPOOL - A cesspool that is not watertight.

LEADER - See conductor.

LENGTH OF PIPE - The length as measured along.

LOCAL VENT - A pipe or shaft serving to convey foul air froma plumbing fixture or a room to the outer air.

LOOP OR CIRCUIT VENT - A continuation of a horizontal soil or wastepipe beyond the connection at which l iquid wastes from a f ixture orfixtures enter the waste or soil pipe. The extension is usually verticalimmediately beyond its connection to the soil or waste pipe. The base ofthe vert ical portion of the vent may be connected to the horizontalportion of the soil or waste stack between fixtures connected thereto.

MAIN - The main of any system of continuous piping is the principalartery of the system, to which branches may be connected.

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MAIN VENT - See vent stack.

MANHOLE - An opening constructed in a sewer or any part of a p lumbingsystem of sufficient size for a man to gain access thereto.

MASTERPLUMBER - A person with knowledge of and experience inp lumbing who employs journeymen p lumbers or who conducts a

plumbing business.

OAKUM - Hemp or old hemp rope soaked in oil to make it waterproof.

OCCUPANCY - Occupancy is the purpose for which a building is used orintended to be used. The term shall also include the building or roomhousing such use. Change of Occupancy is not intended to includechange of tenants or proprietors.

PERSON - A natural person, his heirs, executors, administrators, its ortheir successor or assigns, or the agent of any of the aforesaid.

PITCH - See grade.PLUMBING - The art and technique of installing in buildings the pipes,fixtures, and other apparatuses for bringing in the water supply, liquids,substances or ingredients and removing them and such water, liquid,and other carried-wastes affecting health and sanitation and hazardousto life and property; also the pipes and fixtures after they have beeninstalled, i.e. the plumbing system.

PLUMBING FIXTURE - A receptacle attached to a plumbing systemother than a trap in which water or wastes may be collected or retainedfor ultimate discharge into the plumbing system.

PLUMBING SYSTEM - The plumbing system of a building, institution,,factory or industrial establishment, includes the water-supply, liquids,substances and or ingredients distr ibut ing pipes; and those pipesremoving them and such water, l iquid, and other carried-wastes; thefixtures and fixture traps; the soil, waste, and vent pipes; the housedrain, the foundation drain, and the house sewer; the storm waterdrainage; drainage ejectors, all with their devices, appurtenances, and

connections within or on a building, a factory, or an industry.

PLUMBING OFFICIAL - The authority or the off icer charged with theadministration and enforcement of the National Plumbing Code, or hisregularly authorized deputy.

POTABLE WATER - Potable water is water which is sat is factory fordrinking, culinary, domestic purposes and meets the requirements ofthe health authority having jurisdiction.

PRIMARY BRANCH - A primary branch of the building drain is the singlesloping drain from the base of a stack to its junction with the mainbuilding drain or with another branch thereof.

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PRIVATE OR PRIVATE USE - Private applies to fixtures in a residencewhere the fixtures are intended for the use of a family or an individual.

PRIVATE SEWER - a sewer privately owned and not directly controlledby public authority.

PRIVY - An outhouse or structure used for the deposition of excrement.

PRIVY VAULT - A pit beneath a privy in which excrement collec ts.

PUBLIC OR PUBLIC USE - In the classification of plumbing fixtures, publi capplies to f ixtures in general toi let rooms of schools, gymnasiums,hotels, railroad stations, public buildings, bars, public comforts stations,or places to which the public is invited or which are frequented by thepublic without special permiss ion or special invitat ion, and otherinstallat ions (whether pay or free) where a number of f ixtures areinstalled so that their use is similarly unrestricted.PUBLIC SEWER - a common sewer directly controlled by public authorityto which all abutters have equal rights of connections.

RELIEF VENT - a vent the primary funct ion of which is to providecirculation of air between drainage and vent system.

REPAIR - The reconstruction or renewal of any part of an existingbui lding for the purpose of i ts maintenance. The word repair orrepairs shall not apply to any change of construction.

RETURN BEND - An open return bend, usually with inside threads, butapplied also to a one hundred eighty (180 degree) bend in a pipe.

REVENT PIPE - See back vent pipe.

RISER - A water supply pipe that extends vertically one full story ormore too convey water to branches or fixtures.

ROUGHING-IN - The installation of all pipes in the plumbing system thatare in partit ions and under floors. It includes the plumbing work donebefore the setting of the fixtures, or finishing.

SANITARY SEWAGE - The sewage containing human excrement and liquidhousehold waste; also called domestic sewage.SANITARY SEWER - A sewer intended to receive sanitary sewage with orwithout industrial wastes and without the admixture of surface water,storm water, or drainage.

SEAL - The vertical distance between the dip and the crown weir of atrap. Also, the water in the trap between the dip and the crown weir.

SECONDARY BRANCH - And branch in a building drain other than theprimary branch.

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SEPTIC TANK - A septic tank is a watertight receptacle, which receivesthe discharge of aplumbing system or part thereof, and is designed and constructed so asto separate solids from the liquid digest the organic matter through aperiod of detention, and allow the effluent to discharge into a stormdrain; or directly to the ground outside the tank through a system ofopen joint or perforated piping.

SERVICE PIPE - The pipe from the water main or source of water supplyto the building served.

SEWAGE - The liquid wastes conducted away from residences, businessbuildings, institutions, industrial establishments; and with such ground,surface, and storm water as may be present.

SEWER - A pipe or conduit for carrying sewage and waste liquids.

SEWERAGE, OR SEWERAGE WORKS - A comprehensive term, includingall construction for collection, transportation, pumping, treatment andfinal disposition of sewage.

SHAFT - A vert ical opening through a building for elevators, dumb-waiter, ventilation or similar purpose.

SHALL - As used in this Code, is mandatory.

SIAMESE CONNECTION - A wye connection used on fire lines so that twolines of hose may be connected to hydrant or to the same nozzle.

SIPHONAGE - A suction by the flow of liquids in pipes. A pressure lessthan atmospheric.

SOIL PIPE - A soil pipe is any pipe which conveys the discharge of waterclosets, urinals, or fixtures having similar functions. Also, a cast-ironpipe, with bell and spigot ends, used in plumbing to convey fecal matteror liquid wastes.

SOIL STACK PIPE - A vertical soil pipe conveying fecal matter and liquidwaste.

SPIGOT - The end of a pipe, which f its into a bell . Also a word usedsynonymously with faucet.

STACK - A general term used for any vertical line of soil, waste, or ventpiping.

STACK VENT - A stack vent is the extension of a soi l or waste stackabove the highest horizontal drain connected to the stack.

STANDPIPE - A vert ical pipe usually used for the storage of water,frequently under pressure.

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STORM WATER - Storm water is that portion of the rainfall or otherprecipitation, which runs off over the surface after the storm and forsuch a short period following a storm asthe flow exceeds the normal runoff.

STORY - Story is that portion of a building included between the uppersurface of any f loor and the upper surface of the f loor next above,

except that the topmost story shall be that portion of a building of abuilding included between the upper surface of the topmost floor andthe ceil ing or roof above. I f the f inished f loor level directly above abasement or cellar is more than six (6) feet above grade such basementor cellar shall be considered a story.

SUBSOIL DRAIN - Subsoil drains are underground drain pipes thatreceives only sub-surface or seepage water and convey it to place ofdisposal.

SUMP - A pit or receptacle at a low point to which the liquid wastes aredrained.

SUPPORTS - Supports, hangers, anchors, brackets, cradles are devicesfor holding and securing pipes and fixtures to walls, ceiling, floors, orstructural members.

SURFACE WATER - portion of a rainfall or other precipitation which runsoff over the surface of the ground.

SWIMMING POOL - A water receptacle used for swimming designed to

accommodate more than one bather at time and properly connected toa disposal system.

TAPED TEE - A cast-iron bell-end tee with the branch tapped to receive athreaded pipe of fittingTRAP - A fitting or device so constructed as to prevent the passage ofair, gas, and some vermin through a pipe without materially affectingthe flow of sewage or waste water through it.

TRAP SEAL - See seal.

UNIT VENT - An arrangement of venting so installed that one vent pipewill serve two (2) traps.

VACUUM - An air pressure less than that atmospheric. Also, siphonage.

VENT - A pipe or opening used to ensur ing the c irculation of a ir inplumbing system and for reducing the pressure exerted on trap seals.

WET VENT - portion of a vent pipe through which liquid waste flow.

WASTE PIPE - a pipe, which conveys only l iquid waste, free of fecalmatter.

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YARD - A yard is an open, unoccupied space, other than a court,unobstructed from the ground to the sky, except where specif ical lyprovide by this Code, on the lot on which a building is situated.

STANDARD COMMERCIAL SIZE OF GI PIPE FOR WATER SUPPLY:a) 1 b) 2 c)4

LOCATION FOR CLEAN OUT:1. any horizontal waste or soil pipe exceeding 15m2. at upper end of every branch 22.5 & over

ZEOLITE - treatment of hard water

MAIN VENT - principal artery of venting system to which vent branchpipe maybe connected

COMMON VENT- single vent that ventilates multiple traps of back toback fixture

AIR OUTLET - air generated device to open or close a damper or valve

SEPTIC TANK: location and featuresa. 15 meters away from potable waterb. if theres a public sewer pipe, septic tank is not allowedc. no septic tank under housed. inlets & outlets are submerge

e. bottom tank should have slope of 1:10 mm towards centerf. top cover 0 .15 m above soi lg. 0.30 m air spaceh. 0.50 lower- inleti. 0.025 lower- outlet

VOLUME OF SEPTIC TANKa. min width- 0.90b. min length- 1.50c. min depth- 1.20d. for residential- 0.14 to 0.17 per persone. 12 persons- not more than 2.0 cumf. schools, industrial- 0.057 cum per person minimum

0.86 cum maximum

MATERIALS FOR PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS1. galvanized iron- (G.I) steel pipes

- 15-20 years life span- deteriorates fast when used for hot water- corroded w/ alkaline and acid water

- made out of mild steel2. plastic or synthetic pipea . rig id

1. polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

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2. chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (cPVC)3. unplastesized polyvinyl chloride (uPVC)4. polypropylene (PP)5. acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)6. styrene rubber plastic (SR)

b. flexible1. polyethylene (PE)- coil form at 30 mts

2. polybutylene (PB)- up to 150 mts long in coil form

3. cast iron pipe- durable- use for less than 25 storey because water leak due to

vibration2 types:

1. SV- for building installations2. XV- for underground installation

4. acid resistant cast iron pipe- made of alloy, cast iron & silicon- instal led in chemical labs for acid waste

disposal5. asbestos pipe- made of asbestos fibers & Portland cement

- suitable for embedment on concrete structures6. bituminous fiber sewer pipe- cheapest and lightest

- for house sewer7. vitrif ied clay pipe- made of clay & w/ length of 0.75 m threaded w/

glazed compound. High res istant to acid & suited inunderground installation. Brittle, cracks easily when laidon unsuitable ground

8. lead pipe- one of the oldest plumbing material . not recommended to

convey water for human consumption9. galvanized wrought iron pipes- better than steel pipes for plumbingbecause it is more resistant to acid waste

10. brass pipe- most expensive. Made of alloy of zinc & copper mixed15% :85% highly suitable for waste & water because of itssmooth surface aside from its high resistance to acids

11. copper p ipes- durable material w/c is extreme ly corros iveresistance. Easiest to install

Type K- heaviest for underground installationL- lighter than K, comes in flexible & rigid type

M- thinner & available only in rigid form

Plumbing Code Terminology

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