Plum Island Surficial Geologic Map Sheet 2
1
Explanation Barnhardt et al., 2009 Stone et al., 2006 This study Explanation Barnhardt et al., 2009 (bathymetry) Valentine and Hopkinson, 2005 (LiDAR) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 2009 (LiDAR) Mass GIS Digital Terrain Models Water surface Explanation high backscatter low backscatter Explanation Barnhardt et al., 2009 (seismic) Costas and FitzGerald, 2011 (GPR) Oldale et al., 1983 (seismic) This study (seismic) This study (GPR) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! !! ! !!!! ! ! !!!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! !!! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Explanation Barnhardt et al., 2009 (ss) Costas and FitzGerald, 2011 (c) Edwards, 1988 / Oldale and Edwards, 1990 (c) Hartwell, 1970 (c) Massachusetts State Boring (c) McCormick, 1969 (c) McIntire and Morgan, 1964 (c) Rhodes, 1973 (c) Ward, L., unpublished (ss) Hein et al., 2012 / this study (drill core) Hein et al., 2012 / this study (vibracore) Hein et al., 2012 / this study (’Geoprobe’ core) This study (ss) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Mapping Responsibilities Topography Acoustic Backscatter Data Sub-Bottom Geophysical Data Sediment Cores / Surficial Sediment Samples Bend in Section Cross Profile B-B’ Elevation Relative to MSL (m) -30 -90 -60 0 Distance (km) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 -45 -105 -15 -75 15 Elevation Relative to MSL (m) -30 -90 -60 0 -45 -105 -15 -75 15 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 V.E.: 20x A A’ vvv v v v v v vv vvvv v v v v v Seismic-Reflection Profile l114f1 Seismic-Reflection Profile l114f1_1 Seismic-Reflection Profile l114f1_2 v d Elevation Relative to MSL (m) -30 0 Distance (km) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 -15 15 Elevation Relative to MSL (m) -30 0 -15 15 11 12 13 14 15 Bend in Section V.E.: 20x Cross Profile A-A’ PIG11 PID02 B B’ g g g a d g a d v g v d g g g d v g v d g g d d d v v g d d d/g v d d d d d Projected Location: GPR Profile A g TWTT (seconds) 0.04 Elevation Relative to MSL (m) -60 -90 -40 1000 m 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.13 -100 -80 -70 -50 -30 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.14 0.15 -110 -20 Seafloor multiples Seismic-Reflection Profile l114f1 Seismic-Reflection Profile l114f1_1 Seismic-Reflection Profile l114f1_2 Sea floor Lowstand delta (Qdl) foreset beds Elevation Relative to MSL (m) -2 -6 -10 0 -4 -8 -12 Elevation Relative to MSL (m) -2 -6 -10 0 -4 -8 -12 TWTT (nanoseconds) 100 150 200 250 50 0 25 m 300 350 400 450 TWTT (nanoseconds) 100 150 200 250 50 0 300 350 400 450 PIG11 (sample core log) PID01 PIG01 Erosional Contact Inlet Channel Complex I Transgressive Channel Fill Deposits -14 -14 Lowstand Channel Fill Deposits PIG04 PIV02 PID04 PIG08 PIV01 PIG11 (sample core log) PID01 PIV03 PIG10 PIG12 PID03 PIV04 PID05 Inlet Channel Complex II Inlet Channel Complex I Bar PIG01 100 m GPR Profile B (below); continues to -15 m MSL PIV07 PID06 PIV06 PIG02 PIV05 TWTT (nanoseconds) 100 150 200 250 50 0 Elevation Relative to MSL (m) -2 -4 0 -6 -1 -3 -5 -7 1 Elevation Relative to MSL (m) -2 -4 0 -6 -1 -3 -5 -7 1 225 175 125 75 25 TWTT (nanoseconds) 100 150 200 250 50 0 225 175 125 75 25 PID02 (sample core log) Migrating esturaine tidal channels Inlet- associated bar MSL -4 m -8 m -12 m -16 m -20 m -24 m -28 m -32 m -36 m -2 m -6 m -10 m -14 m -18 m -22 m -26 m -30 m -34 m Mean Grain Size (phi) 8 4 2 0 PID02 MSL -2 m -4 m -6 m -8 m -10 m -12 m -14 m -16 m -1 m -3 m -5 m -7 m -9 m -11 m -13 m -15 m 1 m Lithology Detail Mean Grain Size (phi) 8 4 2 0 PIG11 modern organics laminated and bedded occasional bedding and thin heavy mineral layers bedded; fine to coarse sand layers; some heavies and occasional shell hash rich layers largely homogenous, mica-rich medium to medium-fine sand; thinly laminated in some sections bedded coarse sand to granule with occasional clay lenses erosional contacts common very immature clay with dropstones immature fine silty sand clay with minor silt modern organics coarse laminations to thin beds massive sand coarse laminations to thin beds massive with occasional heavy mineral layers; gradational contacts; mica-rich weathered clay fine sand with rip-up clasts unweathered clay massive clay silty, sandy clay silty, sandy clay 10 cm dropstone glaciomarine clay (Qgsc) Gley 1 5/10GY coarse lag (Qfc) Gley 1 4/10Y fine lag (Qfc) Gley 1 5/N erosional contact 5 cm weathered silt and clay (Qgsc) 5Y 4/2 gradational contact unweathered silt and clay (Qgsc) Gley 1 5/5G glaciomarine silt (Qgsc) 2.5Y 7/3 organics fine sand Gley 1 7/N Core Log Explanation medium sand coarse sand / fine granules clay fine sand silt / very fine sand coarse granules / pebbles Lithology Detail Unit Qm Unit Qb Unit Qtc Unit Qfc Unit Qgsc Unit Qm Unit Qb Unit Qe Unit Qgsc Cross section of line A-A’ (shown on map). Eastern section of cross section is based on high-resolution Chirp seismic-reflection data (Barnhardt et al., 2009; see sample seismic-reflection profile below), groundtruthed with surficial sediment samples (not shown) and one offshore vibracore. Western section is ground-truthed with a series of vibracores and generalized stratigraphy from several drill auger cores located along Plum Island (closest is located 1 km south of line; see “Shore-Parallel Cross Section: B-B’” below). All vibracore locations (“v”) are color-coded by source: purple - McIntire and Morgan (1964); blue - McCormick (1969); green - Edwards (1988) / Oldale and Edwards (1990). Auger drill core (“d”) is from this study; core location is projected onto cross-section line. Note bend in section. Unit descriptions on sheet 1. Dashed lines denote inferred contacts. MSL: mean sea level; V.E.: vertical exaggeration. Cross section of line B-B’ (shown on map). Cross section is based on > 20 km of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) profiles (see sample lines below), ground-truthed with a series of sediment cores. Cores are labeled by type (v: vibracore; d: drill core; a: auger core; g: ‘Geoprobe’ direct-push core) and are color-coded by source: purple - McIntire and Morgan (1964); blue - McCormick (1969); orange - Rhodes (1973); brown - Costas and FitzGerald (2011); and red - Hein et al. (2012; this study). Cores PIG11 and PID02 (Hein et al., 2012) are shown in detail to right. Note bend in section. Location of GPR Line A shown on the cross section is a projected position: GPR Profile A is offset and subparallel to the cross section because GPR surveys were conducted entirely along roadways and, where possible, in Freshwater Marsh (Qm) deposits, to enhance penetration and resolution. Unit descriptions on sheet 1. Dashed lines denote inferred contacts. MSL: mean sea level; V.E.: vertical exaggeration. Sample Core Logs Shore-Normal Cross Section: A-A’ Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) Profile A: Processed (upper) and interpreted (lower) radargram collected across central Plum Island (see location on Cross Section B-B’) using a GSSI SIR 2000 GPR with a 200 MHz antenna. Data were post-processed using a combination of Radan (GSSI) and RadExplorer (DECO-Geophysical Co. Ltd.) software packages.. TWTT: two-way travel time; MSL: mean sea level. Dashed lines in upper image indicate locations of cores. Unit descriptions are on sheet 1. Regions of signal loss in radargram are due to shallow muddy units. Graphic core logs employ same color scheme as given for Sample Core Logs (top right). Black box with arrows indicates location of GPR Profile B. Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) Profile B: Processed (upper) and interpreted (lower) radargram collected across the northern inlet sequence (Inlet Channel Complex I) and lowstand Parker River fluvial channel in central Plum Island. Data collected using a Mala ProEx GPR with a 100 MHz antenna. Data were post-processed using a combination of Radan (GSSI) and RadExplorer (DECO-Geophysical Co. Ltd.) software packages. TWTT: two-way travel time; MSL: mean sea level. Dashed lines in upper image indicate locations of cores. Unit descriptions are on sheet 1. Graphic core logs employ same color scheme as given for Sample Core Logs (top right). Sample sediment core profiles. Modified from Hein et al. (2012). MSL: mean sea level. Note different vertical scales. Insets are pictures from cores showing key contacts: gravel lag of lowstand Parker River overlying glaciomarine clay in PIG11 (direct-push core); weathered to unweathered glaciomarine clay in PID02 (auger drill core). Color notations associated with pictures are from Munsell (2000). Map Data Sources Locations of sediment cores and offshore surficial sediment samples. ss: grab sample; c: sediment core. Sediment cores include vibracores, auger cores, drill cores, wash bores, and direct-push cores, as described in respective publications. Dashed red line: modern mean low-water shoreline. Tracklines of geophysical sub-bottom data overlain on hillshaded digital elevation model. Offshore seismic-reflection profiles were collected as part of this study with an Applied Acoustic Engineering surface-towed boomer system (CAT200). Shallow (~8 m) ground-penetrating radar (GPR) profiles were collected using a GSSI SIR-2000 with a 200 MHz antenna. Deep GPR profiles (~16 m) were collected using a Mala Geosciences ProEx with a 100 MHz antenna. Other geophysical data collected as described in respective publications. Dashed red line: modern mean low-water shoreline. Acoustic-backscatter intensity data overlain on hillshaded digital elevation model. Data were collected with a RESON multibeam echosounder operating at a frequency of 240 kHz in the offshore region and a Klein 3000 dual-frequency sidescan sonar (132/445 kHz) in the nearshore (Barnhardt et al., 2009). Backscatter intensity is an acoustic measure of the hardness and roughness of the sea floor. In general, higher values (light tones) represent rock, boulders, cobbles, gravel and coarse sand. Lower values (dark tones) generally represent fine sand and muddy sediment. Dashed red line: modern mean low-water shoreline. Map of data sources used in creation of 5-m resolution joined digital elevation model (DEM). DEM is based on bathymetric data collected in offshore region using a RESON 8101 multibeam echosounder operating at a frequency of 240 kHz and a SEA SwathPlus 234 kHz interferometric bathymetric system (Barnhardt et al., 2009). Onshore topography derived from coastal Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data from the Plum Island Ecosystems Long Term Ecological Research Station (Valentine and Hopkinson, 2005) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (2009). Additional bathymetric data derived from Massachusetts digital terrain models (DTM); see respective publications listed below for details. Dashed black line indicates the location of the modern mean low-water shoreline, mapped by Applied Coastal Research and Engineering in 2009 using 2005 LiDAR data. Responsibilities for data collection in map area, overlain on simplified geologic map. Most offshore data sources (backscatter, bathymetric data, shallow seismic, and majority of bottom grab samples) and preliminary mapping provided by Barnhardt et al. (2009). Onshore mapping derived from surficial geologic maps of Stone et al. (2006). Dashed red line: modern mean low-water shoreline. No Data Seismic-reflection profiles (CONN05005 profiles l114f1, l114f1_1 and l114f1_2) collected using an EdgeTech Geo-Star FSSB system and a SB-0512i towfish at a 0.25 second shot rate, a 9-ms pulse length and a 0.5-6.0 kHz frequency sweep. Trace lengths were adjusted between 100–200 ms to account for changes in water depth. The SB-0512i was towed approximately 10 m astern and 3 m below the sea surface. Navigation was obtained from the GPS receiver mounted above the interferometric sonar head. On the basis of horizontal offsets between the towfish and GPS receiver, the positional accuracy was estimated to be ± 20 m (Barnhardt et al., 2009). Seismic-reflection profiles were post-processed using SIOSEIS and Seismic Unix software packages (see Barnhardt et al., 2009 for detail). Locations of seismic-reflection profiles are shown in Shore-Normal Profile (A-A’, above). A constant seismic velocity of 1500 m/s through both water and sediment was used to convert travel time to depth. TWTT: two-way travel time. Note that profile scale is same as that of Shore-Normal Cross Section (A-A’). Shore-Parallel Cross Section: B-B’ Ground-Penetrating Radar Profile B Ground-Penetrating Radar Profile A bedrock Qrs Qe Qss Qs Qb Qd Qsrt Qss Qdl Qtd Qgsc Qgsc Qgsc Qgsc Qe Qe Qe Qe Qgsc Qb Qb Qe Qs Qd Qs Qd Qd Qm Qfc Qfc Qgsc Qtt Qs Qm Qm Qm Merrimack River modern mean sea level Qb Qb Qb Qb Qm Qe Qtc Qm Qb Qtc Qe Qgsc Qgsc Qfc Qm Qb Qm Qm Qb Qb Qe Qe Qe Qm Qe Qtc Qtc Qtc Subaerial drumlin (Qtd) Qtt Qgsc bedrock Qgsc bedrock Qgsc bedrock Qgsc Qgsc Qdl Qmsc Qfc Qe Qfc Qft The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, the Commonwealth of Virginia, the Massachusetts Geological Survey, Boston University, the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, or the University of Massachusetts. Citation: Hein, Christopher J., FitzGerald, Duncan M., Barnhardt, Walter A., and Stone, Byron D. 2013. Onshore-offshore surficial geologic map of the Newburyport East and northern half of the Ipswich Quadrangles, Massachusetts. Massachusetts Geological Survey, Geologic Map GM 13-01. Scale 1:24,000. 3 sheets and digital product: Adobe PDF and ESRI ArcGIS database. This map was produced on request directly from digital files (PDF format) on an electronic plotter. This product supercedes Massachusetts Geological Survey OFR 10-01 and OFR 11-01. A digital copy of this map (PDF format), including GIS datalayers, is available at www.geo.umass.edu/stategeologist ONSHORE-OFFSHORE SURFICIAL GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE NEWBURYPORT EAST AND NORTHERN HALF OF THE IPSWICH QUADRANGLES, MASSACHUSETTS SHEET 2: Representative Map Cross Sections, Sample Core Logs and Data Sources By Christopher J. Hein, Duncan M. FitzGerald, Walter A. Barnhardt and Byron D. Stone 2013 Completion of this map was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program, under assistance Award Nos. G09AC00216 and G10AC00179. The crew of the F/V Venture (Gloucester, MA), Dann Blackwood, Emily Carruthers, Gene Cobbs Jr., Nicholas Cohn, Mary Ellison and Allen Gontz are acknowledged for their contributions in the field and lab. Finally, Wayne Newell, Joe Kelley, Ralph Lewis and Janet Stone are acknowledged for their careful reviews that have greatly enhanced the quality of this map. Massachusetts Geological Survey University of Massachusetts, Amherst Address: 269 Morrill Science Center, 611 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003 Phone: 413-545-4814 E-mail: [email protected] WWW: http://www.geo.umass.edu/stategeologist Massachusetts Geological Survey, Geologic Map, GM 13-01 Onshore-Offshore Surficial Geologic Map of the Newburyport East and Northern Half of the Ipswich Quadrangles, Massachusetts, Sheet 2 of 3 2013
-
Upload
vims-coastal-geology -
Category
Documents
-
view
238 -
download
10
description
Onshore-Offshore Surficial Geologic Map of the Newburyport East and Northern Half of the Ipswich Quadrangles, Massachusetts. Sheet 2 of 3. Complete, high-resolution map available for download at: http://www.geo.umass.edu/stategeologist/frame_maps.htm?./Products/Surficial_Geology/Newburyport_East/index.html
Transcript of Plum Island Surficial Geologic Map Sheet 2
Explanation
Barnhardt et al., 2009 Stone et al., 2006
This study
Explanation
Barnhardt et al., 2009 (bathymetry)
Valentine and Hopkinson, 2005 (LiDAR)
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 2009 (LiDAR)
Mass GIS Digital Terrain Models
Water surface
Explanationhigh backscatter
low backscatter
ExplanationBarnhardt et al., 2009 (seismic)Costas and FitzGerald, 2011 (GPR)Oldale et al., 1983 (seismic)This study (seismic)This study (GPR)
!
!
!
!
!
!
!!
!!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!!
!
!
!
!
!
!!
!!!!!!
!!!
!!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!!! ! !!! !!!! !
! !!!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! !!!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!
! !
!!!!
! ! !
!!!!
! !!
!!!!
! !! !
!
!!
!
!! !
! ! ! ! ! !
!!
!
!!
!
!! !!!!
!
!
!
!!
!
!
! !
!!
!
!
!!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!!
! !
! !
!! !
!
!
!
!!
!
!!
!
!
!
!
!
!!
!
!
!!
!
!
!
!
!
!!
!
!
!
!!
!
!
!
!!
!
!
!!
! ! !
!
!
!
!
!
!
!!
!
!
!
!!
!!
!!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!!
!!
!
!
!!
!
!
!
!!!
!!!!
!
!
!
!!!!
!!
!
! !!
!
! ! !
!
ExplanationBarnhardt et al., 2009 (ss)Costas and FitzGerald, 2011 (c)Edwards, 1988 / Oldale and Edwards, 1990 (c)Hartwell, 1970 (c)Massachusetts State Boring (c)McCormick, 1969 (c)McIntire and Morgan, 1964 (c)Rhodes, 1973 (c)Ward, L., unpublished (ss)Hein et al., 2012 / this study (drill core)Hein et al., 2012 / this study (vibracore)Hein et al., 2012 / this study (’Geoprobe’ core)This study (ss)
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Mapping Responsibilities
Topography Acoustic Backscatter Data
Sub-Bottom Geophysical Data
Sediment Cores / Surficial Sediment Samples
Bend in Section
Cross Profile B-B’
Elev
atio
n Re
lativ
e to
MSL
(m)
-30
-90
-60
0
Distance (km)0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
-45
-105
-15
-75
15
Elev
atio
n Re
lativ
e to
MSL
(m)
-30
-90
-60
0
-45
-105
-15
-75
15
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
V.E.: 20x
A A’v vv v vv vv vv vvvv v vv v
v
Seismic-Reflection Profile l114f1 Seismic-Reflection Profile l114f1_1 Seismic-Reflection Profile l114f1_2
v dEl
evat
ion
Rela
tive
to
MSL
(m)
-30
0
Distance (km)0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
-15
15
Elev
atio
n Re
lativ
e to
M
SL (m
)
-30
0
-15
15
11 12 13 14 15
Bend in Section
V.E.: 20x
Cross Profile A-A’
PIG11 PID02B B’g g g a d g a d v gvd
gg gd
v g
vd g gd d dv
v g d d d/g v dd
d d d
Projected Location: GPR Profile A
g
TW
TT
(se
cond
s)
0.04
Ele
vatio
n R
elat
ive
to M
SL
(m
)-60
-90
-40
1000 m
0.050.060.070.080.090.100.110.120.13
-100
-80
-70
-50
-30 0.030.020.01
0.140.15
-110
-20
Seafloor multiples
Seismic-Reflection Profile l114f1 Seismic-Reflection Profile l114f1_1 Seismic-Reflection Profilel114f1_2
Sea floorLowstand delta (Qdl) foreset beds
Ele
vatio
n R
elat
ive
to M
SL
(m
)
-2
-6
-10
0
-4
-8
-12
Ele
vatio
n R
elat
ive
to M
SL
(m
)
-2
-6
-10
0
-4
-8
-12
TW
TT
(na
nose
cond
s)
100
150
200
250
50
0
25 m
300
350
400
450
TW
TT
(na
nose
cond
s)
100
150
200
250
50
0
300
350
400
450
PIG11 (sample core log) PID01PIG01
Erosional Contact
Inlet Channel Complex I
Transgressive Channel Fill Deposits
-14
-14
Lowstand Channel Fill Deposits
PIG04 PIV02 PID04 PIG08 PIV01 PIG11 (sample core log) PID01 PIV03 PIG10 PIG12 PID03 PIV04 PID05
Inlet Channel Complex IIInlet Channel
Complex I
Bar
PIG01
100 m
GPR Profile B (below); continues to -15 m MSL
PIV07PID06 PIV06 PIG02 PIV05
TW
TT
(na
nose
cond
s)
100
150
200
250
50
0
Ele
vatio
n R
elat
ive
to M
SL
(m
)
-2
-4
0
-6
-1
-3
-5
-7
1
Ele
vatio
n R
elat
ive
to M
SL
(m
)
-2
-4
0
-6
-1
-3
-5
-7
1
225
175
125
75
25
TW
TT
(na
nose
cond
s)
100
150
200
250
50
0
225
175
125
75
25
PID02 (sample core log)
Migrating esturaine tidal channels
Inlet-associated bar
MSL
-4 m
-8 m
-12 m
-16 m
-20 m
-24 m
-28 m
-32 m
-36 m
-2 m
-6 m
-10 m
-14 m
-18 m
-22 m
-26 m
-30 m
-34 m
Mean Grain Size (phi)8 4 2 0
PID02
MSL
-2 m
-4 m
-6 m
-8 m
-10 m
-12 m
-14 m
-16 m
-1 m
-3 m
-5 m
-7 m
-9 m
-11 m
-13 m
-15 m
1 m
Lithology Detail
Mean Grain Size (phi)8 4 2 0
PIG11modern organics
laminated and bedded
occasional bedding and thin heavy mineral layers
bedded; fine to coarse sand layers; some heavies and occasional shell hash rich layers
largely homogenous, mica-rich medium to medium-fine sand; thinly laminated in some sections
bedded coarse sand to granule with occasional clay lenses
erosional contacts common
very immature
clay with dropstones
immature fine silty sand
clay with minor silt
modern organics
coarse laminations to thin beds
massive sand
coarse laminations to thin beds
massive with occasional heavy mineral layers; gradational contacts; mica-rich
weathered clay
fine sand with rip-up clasts
unweathered clay
massive clay
silty, sandy clay
silty, sandy clay
10 c
m
dropstone
glac
iom
arin
e cl
ay (Q
gsc)
G
ley
1 5/
10G
Yco
arse
lag
(Qfc
)
Gle
y 1
4/10
Yfin
e la
g (Q
fc)
G
ley
1 5/
N
eros
iona
l con
tact
5 cm
wea
ther
ed s
ilt a
nd c
lay
(Qgs
c)5Y
4/2
grad
atio
nal c
onta
ct
unw
eath
ered
silt
and
cla
y (Q
gsc)
Gle
y 1
5/5G
glac
iom
arin
e
si
lt (Q
gsc)
2.5Y
7/3
organics
fine
sand
G
ley
1 7/
N
Core Log Explanation
medium sand
coarse sand / fine granules
clay
fine sand
silt / very fine sand
coarse granules / pebbles
Lithology Detail
Uni
tQ
mU
nit Q
bU
nit Q
tcU
nit Q
fcU
nit Q
gsc
Uni
tQ
mU
nit Q
bU
nit Q
eU
nit Q
gsc
Cross section of line A-A’ (shown on map). Eastern section of cross section is based on high-resolution Chirp seismic-reflection data (Barnhardt et al., 2009; see sample seismic-reflection profile below), groundtruthed with surficial sediment samples (not shown) and one offshore vibracore. Western section is ground-truthed with a series of vibracores and generalized stratigraphy from several drill auger cores located along Plum Island (closest is located 1 km south of line; see “Shore-Parallel Cross Section: B-B’” below). All vibracore locations (“v”) are color-coded by source: purple - McIntire and Morgan (1964); blue - McCormick (1969); green - Edwards (1988) / Oldale and Edwards (1990). Auger drill core (“d”) is from this study; core location is projected onto cross-section line. Note bend in section. Unit descriptions on sheet 1. Dashed lines denote inferred contacts. MSL: mean sea level; V.E.: vertical exaggeration.
Cross section of line B-B’ (shown on map). Cross section is based on > 20 km of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) profiles (see sample lines below), ground-truthed with a series of sediment cores. Cores are labeled by type (v: vibracore; d: drill core; a: auger core; g: ‘Geoprobe’ direct-push core) and are color-coded by source: purple - McIntire and Morgan (1964); blue - McCormick (1969); orange - Rhodes (1973); brown - Costas and FitzGerald (2011); and red - Hein et al. (2012; this study). Cores PIG11 and PID02 (Hein et al., 2012) are shown in detail to right. Note bend in section. Location of GPR Line A shown on the cross section is a projected position: GPR Profile A is offset and subparallel to the cross section because GPR surveys were conducted entirely along roadways and, where possible, in Freshwater Marsh (Qm) deposits, to enhance penetration and resolution. Unit descriptions on sheet 1. Dashed lines denote inferred contacts. MSL: mean sea level; V.E.: vertical exaggeration.
Sample Core LogsShore-Normal Cross Section: A-A’
Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) Profile A: Processed (upper) and interpreted (lower) radargram collected across central Plum Island (see location on Cross Section B-B’) using a GSSI SIR 2000 GPR with a 200 MHz antenna. Data were post-processed using a combination of Radan (GSSI) and RadExplorer (DECO-Geophysical Co. Ltd.) software packages.. TWTT: two-way travel time; MSL: mean sea level. Dashed lines in upper image indicate locations of cores. Unit descriptions are on sheet 1. Regions of signal loss in radargram are due to shallow muddy units. Graphic core logs employ same color scheme as given for Sample Core Logs (top right). Black box with arrows indicates location of GPR Profile B.
Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) Profile B: Processed (upper) and interpreted (lower) radargram collected across the northern inlet sequence (Inlet Channel Complex I) and lowstand Parker River fluvial channel in central Plum Island. Data collected using a Mala ProEx GPR with a 100 MHz antenna. Data were post-processed using a combination of Radan (GSSI) and RadExplorer (DECO-Geophysical Co. Ltd.) software packages. TWTT: two-way travel time; MSL: mean sea level. Dashed lines in upper image indicate locations of cores. Unit descriptions are on sheet 1. Graphic core logs employ same color scheme as given for Sample Core Logs (top right).
Sample sediment core profiles. Modified from Hein et al. (2012). MSL: mean sea level. Note different vertical scales. Insets are pictures from cores showing key contacts: gravel lag of lowstand Parker River overlying glaciomarine clay in PIG11 (direct-push core); weathered to unweathered glaciomarine clay in PID02 (auger drill core). Color notations associated with pictures are from Munsell (2000).
Map Data Sources
Locations of sediment cores and offshore surficial sediment samples. ss: grab sample; c: sediment core. Sediment cores include vibracores, auger cores, drill cores, wash bores, and direct-push cores, as described in respective publications. Dashed red line: modern mean low-water shoreline.
Tracklines of geophysical sub-bottom data overlain on hillshaded digital elevation model. Offshore seismic-reflection profiles were collected as part of this study with an Applied Acoustic Engineering surface-towed boomer system (CAT200). Shallow (~8 m) ground-penetrating radar (GPR) profiles were collected using a GSSI SIR-2000 with a 200 MHz antenna. Deep GPR profiles (~16 m) were collected using a Mala Geosciences ProEx with a 100 MHz antenna. Other geophysical data collected as described in respective publications. Dashed red line: modern mean low-water shoreline.
Acoustic-backscatter intensity data overlain on hillshaded digital elevation model. Data were collected with a RESON multibeam echosounder operating at a frequency of 240 kHz in the offshore region and a Klein 3000 dual-frequency sidescan sonar (132/445 kHz) in the nearshore (Barnhardt et al., 2009). Backscatter intensity is an acoustic measure of the hardness and roughness of the sea floor. In general, higher values (light tones) represent rock, boulders, cobbles, gravel and coarse sand. Lower values (dark tones) generally represent fine sand and muddy sediment. Dashed red line: modern mean low-water shoreline.
Map of data sources used in creation of 5-m resolution joined digital elevation model (DEM). DEM is based on bathymetric data collected in offshore region using a RESON 8101 multibeam echosounder operating at a frequency of 240 kHz and a SEA SwathPlus 234 kHz interferometric bathymetric system (Barnhardt et al., 2009). Onshore topography derived from coastal Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data from the Plum Island Ecosystems Long Term Ecological Research Station (Valentine and Hopkinson, 2005) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (2009). Additional bathymetric data derived from Massachusetts digital terrain models (DTM); see respective publications listed below for details. Dashed black line indicates the location of the modern mean low-water shoreline, mapped by Applied Coastal Research and Engineering in 2009 using 2005 LiDAR data.
Responsibilities for data collection in map area, overlain on simplified geologic map. Most offshore data sources (backscatter, bathymetric data, shallow seismic, and majority of bottom grab samples) and preliminary mapping provided by Barnhardt et al. (2009). Onshore mapping derived from surficial geologic maps of Stone et al. (2006). Dashed red line: modern mean low-water shoreline.
No Data
Seismic-reflection profiles (CONN05005 profiles l114f1, l114f1_1 and l114f1_2) collected using an EdgeTech Geo-Star FSSB system and a SB-0512i towfish at a 0.25 second shot rate, a 9-ms pulse length and a 0.5-6.0 kHz frequency sweep. Trace lengths were adjusted between 100–200 ms to account for changes in water depth. The SB-0512i was towed approximately 10 m astern and 3 m below the sea surface. Navigation was obtained from the GPS receiver mounted above the interferometric sonar head. On the basis of horizontal offsets between the towfish and GPS receiver, the positional accuracy was estimated to be ± 20 m (Barnhardt et al., 2009). Seismic-reflection profiles were post-processed using SIOSEIS and Seismic Unix software packages (see Barnhardt et al., 2009 for detail). Locations of seismic-reflection profiles are shown in Shore-Normal Profile (A-A’, above). A constant seismic velocity of 1500 m/s through both water and sediment was used to convert travel time to depth. TWTT: two-way travel time. Note that profile scale is same as that of Shore-Normal Cross Section (A-A’).
Shore-Parallel Cross Section: B-B’
Ground-Penetrating Radar Profile B
Ground-Penetrating Radar Profile A
bedrock
Qrs
Qe Qss
QsQbQd
Qsrt Qss
Qdl
QtdQgscQgscQgscQgsc
QeQe Qe Qe Qgsc
Qb Qb
Qe
QsQd
Qs
Qd QdQm
Qfc
Qfc
QgscQtt
Qs Qm
QmQm
Merrimack River
modern mean sea level
Qb QbQb
Qb
Qm
Qe
Qtc
Qm
Qb
Qtc
Qe
QgscQgsc
Qfc
Qm
Qb
QmQm
QbQb
Qe
Qe Qe
Qm
QeQtc
Qtc
Qtc
Subaerial drumlin (Qtd)
Qtt
Qgsc
bedrock
Qgsc
bedrock
Qgsc
bedrock
Qgsc
Qgsc
Qdl Qmsc
Qfc
QeQfc
Qft
The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, the Commonwealth of Virginia, the Massachusetts Geological Survey, Boston University, the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, or the University of Massachusetts.
Citation: Hein, Christopher J., FitzGerald, Duncan M., Barnhardt, Walter A., and Stone, Byron D. 2013. Onshore-offshore surficial geologic map of the Newburyport East and northern half of the Ipswich Quadrangles, Massachusetts. Massachusetts Geological Survey, Geologic Map GM 13-01.
Scale 1:24,000. 3 sheets and digital product: Adobe PDF and ESRI ArcGIS database. This map was produced on request directly from digital files (PDF format) on an electronic plotter. This product supercedes Massachusetts Geological Survey OFR 10-01 and OFR 11-01. A digital copy of this map (PDF format), including GIS datalayers, is available at www.geo.umass.edu/stategeologist
ONSHORE-OFFSHORE SURFICIAL GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE NEWBURYPORT EAST AND NORTHERN HALF OF THE IPSWICH QUADRANGLES, MASSACHUSETTS
SHEET 2: Representative Map Cross Sections, Sample Core Logs and Data SourcesBy
Christopher J. Hein, Duncan M. FitzGerald, Walter A. Barnhardt and Byron D. Stone 2013
Completion of this map was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program, under assistance Award Nos. G09AC00216 and G10AC00179. The crew of the F/V Venture (Gloucester, MA), Dann Blackwood, Emily Carruthers, Gene Cobbs Jr., Nicholas Cohn, Mary Ellison and Allen Gontz are acknowledged for their contributions in the field and lab. Finally, Wayne Newell, Joe Kelley, Ralph Lewis and Janet Stone are acknowledged for their careful reviews that have greatly enhanced the quality of this map.
Massachusetts Geological SurveyUniversity of Massachusetts, Amherst
Address: 269 Morrill Science Center, 611 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003Phone: 413-545-4814 E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.geo.umass.edu/stategeologist
Massachusetts Geological Survey, Geologic Map, GM 13-01Onshore-Offshore Surficial Geologic Map of the Newburyport East and Northern Half of the Ipswich Quadrangles, Massachusetts, Sheet 2 of 3
2013
