GROUP MEMBERAhmad Giffar Danto P. (1010313065)Amanda Besta Rizaldy(1010313119)

Fido Arief (1010312026)Fitria Novita (1010312110)

Inez Amelinda (1010313029)Karolin Trisnawelda (1010312054)Mulfa Satria Asnel (1010313109)Raysa Ramayumi (1010311023)

Wiwie Bakti Kemampa (1010312082)Yelsa Yulanda Putri (1010313111)

LEARNING OBJECTS1. Students are able to explain the role of

genes in inheritance 2. Students are able to explain structure

and the changes of chromosome3. Students are able to explain process of

fertilization4. Students are able to explain a kind of

gene and chromosome mutation5. Students are able to explain basis of

gene therapy

……learning objects

6. Students are able to explain Mendel’s theory

7. Students are able to explain genetic analysis

8. Students are able to explain genetic diseases

9. Students are able to explain the embryology

10. Students are able to explain the role of genetics in medicine

EXPLANATION…

1. Students are able to explain the role of genes in inheritance

Genes are the substance of heredity that contains genetic information,composed of nucleic acids,located at chromosome

Functions of gene:

a. Regulate cell growth and metabolism

b. Inheritance characteristics

c. Mitotik (adaptation) such as mutation and evolution, etc.

2. Students are able to explain structure and the changes of chromosome

Chromosome structure:

chromatids: the duplicated chromosome arm, often also known as kromonema

Kromomer: beady, formed during interphase, there are protein molecules that contain DNA

Centromere: the indentation on the chromosome where the attachment of spindle yarn (kinetokor), narrow and clear

Satellite: a round at the end of the chromatid arms, not all the chromosomes have a satellite

Telomeres: the end of the chromosome region

3. Students are able to explain process of fertilization

At first entrance 300 million sperm, and many died due to sterile (20%) and acidity of the vagina (80%), and the rest only 300 sperm. Of the 300 is capable of living only 1 who experienced capacitation for 7 hours.

…process of fertilization

Then the acrosome reaction occurs, remove the enzyme hyaluronidase to penetrate the corona radiata.Together with enzymes trypsin and lysine damage the zona pellucida. And it came to combining the ovum with the sperm.

4. Students are able to explain a kind of gene and chromosome mutation

Gene Mutation

Gene mutations occurred due to changes in base composition of DNA.

Chromosome Mutation

Can occur in the form: abnormalities of chromosome number Abnormalities of chromosome structure

Abnormalities of chromosome number

Poliploidi (euploidi) a change in the entire chromosome, given the suffix ploidi. Ex: monoploid (n), diploid (2n)

Aneuploidy, chromosomal changes occur in part only, given the suffix somi. Ex: nulisomi (2n-2), monosomi (2n-1), disomi (2n),

Abnormalities of chromosome structure

Deletions. Arm missing some chromosomes, eg Syndrome Cri-Du-Chat, 46 XX / XY-5P

Duplication. Chromosome arm growing longer

Inversion. Happen to move from the order of genes in chromosome

Translocation. Most chromosomes move to the other chromosomes46 XX / XY t (21 -14/15)

5. Students are able to explain basis of gene therapy

Gene therapy is a technique for correcting defective genes responsible for a diseaseFor example, to prevent death by cancer

The technique of therapy gene:

Immuno Therapy Using cells from genetically modified viral

particles to stimulate the body's immune system so as to defeat the malignancy of cancer cells

VIRO ONKOLITIK Using cell virus particles that replicate within

cancer cells and cause cancer cells to die.

…Therapy Gene

GENE TRANSFER

This technique is relatively new, a way to introduce 2 new genes are inserted into cancer cells or tissue around the cancer so it can stop the growth and destroy cancer cells

6. Students are able to explain Mendel’s theory

Mendel is known as the father of genetics. Mendel in this conduct experiments on pea plants because he is easy to pollinate

The conclusion is : each individual contain gametes from parental the process of gamete formation (segregation-free)

hk I Mendel

fertilization process (asortasi) hk Mendel II

7.Students are able to explain genetic analysis

Genetic analysis : Morphology Chromosomes: karyotipe needed, use

the leukocyte because it has a core Isozyme DNA

Genetic analysis of fetal

Amniocentesis: the week of 4-16, by inserting a needle into the uterus and took approximately 10 mm in amniotic fluid.

Sampling chorionic virus: the week of 8-10, suck a little fetal tissue from the placenta.

Ultra sound: using sound waves to produce pictures of fetuses without putting something

…analysis Of fetal

Fetoskopi: needle-thin tube containing a viewing lens and optical bulkhead is inserted into the uterus for anatomical examination

8.Students are able to explain genetic diseases

a. Hemofillib. Color-blindc. Diabetes mellitusd. Thalassemiae. Albinismf. Polydactileg. Cancerh. Huntingthoni. Tay Sachsj. Cystic Fibrosis, etc.

9.Students are able to explain the embryology

embryology mechanism : Fertilization Cleavage

MorulaBlastulaGastrula

differentiation EctodermMesodermEndoderm

10.Students are able to explain the role of genetics in medicine

identification of mutated gene improve the human genetic disorder create insulin injections for people with

diabetes mellitus use of nucleic acid antisena to prevent

the spread of cancer To create vaccines creating a useful drug in the form of

protein drugs

gene cloning of genes in diseases such as hemofili, phenylketonuria, cystic fibrosis and Duchenne muscular dystrophy

discovery that led to the diagnosis and treatment

Learning

Role of gene

Analysis genetic

Hereditary disease

Heredity

Mendel’s Theory

Theory I Theraphy genetic

Structure chromosome

process embriology

Mutation

Process fertilitation

Theory II

THAT’S ALL

THANK YOU